Multi-purpose testing device and method suitable for medium and large-size radial spherical plain bearings

Abstract

The invention discloses a multipurpose testing device and method suitable for medium and large-size centripetal spherical plain bearings. The device is mainly composed of a base, a test bearing device, an axial loading assembly and a radial loading assembly, wherein the test bearing device, the axial loading assembly and the radial loading assembly are installed on the base. Wherein the test bearing device integrates a test base, a transmission rotating shaft, a front-middle-rear three-section type supporting assembly, a to-be-tested bearing assembly, a torque sensor and a wear loss measuring assembly; the axial loading assembly and the radial loading assembly can operate independently and can also work cooperatively, and the combined load can be applied to the bearing accurately. The device has the basic advantages of being stable in structure and high in bearing capacity, can simulate complex combined load working conditions, achieves multi-parameter real-time monitoring, can be adapted to tests of medium and large radial spherical plain bearings of various specifications, and is of great significance in promoting research and development and performance verification of high-end spherical plain bearings.

Description

Multipurpose testing apparatus and method for medium and large-sized radial spherical plain bearings Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of radial spherical plain bearing testing technology, and more specifically, to a multi-purpose testing device and method suitable for medium and large-sized radial spherical plain bearings. Background Technology

[0002] Radial spherical plain bearings, as a type of spherical sliding bearing capable of multi-angle oscillation, possess strong angular compensation capability, resistance to impact loads, and good self-lubrication. They are primarily suitable for applications subject to radial loads accompanied by a small amount of axial load, and are widely used in critical joint connections and transmission support components in aerospace, heavy machinery, engineering equipment, and wind power industries. Their operational reliability directly affects the performance and safe service life of the entire equipment. Therefore, in the process of product development, quality control, and condition monitoring, precise testing and evaluation of the friction and wear characteristics, load-bearing capacity, fatigue life, and comprehensive performance under dynamic operating conditions of radial spherical plain bearings are of significant engineering importance.

[0003] Currently, the performance and life assessment of radial spherical plain bearings still mainly rely on experimental determination, and corresponding testing technologies and devices have been developed to some extent. For example, patent CN114858450B discloses a spherical plain bearing life testing device using pneumatic loading, which utilizes the pressure difference between the inside and outside of a vacuum chamber to achieve stable loading and can be used with irradiation equipment to simulate the space environment; patent CN114813120B discloses a spherical plain bearing life testing device with axial and radial coordinated fixation, which ensures testing accuracy through an axial and radial coordinated fixation structure and improves loading stability with the help of a lever amplification device; patent CN111829781B discloses a spherical plain bearing composite motion testing device, which can simulate various complex motion conditions through the cooperation of multiple drive mechanisms and angle adjustment blocks.

[0004] However, existing testing equipment still has significant limitations, making it difficult to meet the testing requirements of medium and large-sized radial spherical plain bearings. These limitations are mainly manifested in the following ways: First, the loading capacity is mostly designed for small and medium-sized bearings, and it cannot meet the testing requirements of medium and large-sized bearings in terms of structural space, load capacity, and measurement adaptability. Second, the functions are relatively limited; most equipment can only simulate loads in a single radial or axial direction, making it difficult to reproduce the complex alternating composite load conditions in actual work. Third, the testing efficiency is low; the installation and disassembly process of bearings is cumbersome, and there is a lack of integrated and convenient multi-parameter real-time monitoring methods, affecting the overall testing effectiveness.

[0005] In conclusion, there is an urgent need to develop a high-efficiency testing device suitable for medium and large-sized radial spherical plain bearings. This device should be structurally robust, have high load-bearing capacity, be capable of applying complex loads, integrate multi-parameter synchronous measurement functions, and be easy to assemble and disassemble. This would address the current pain point of insufficient testing capabilities in the industry and improve the reliability and efficiency of bearing testing. The development of such a device has significant theoretical value and promising engineering application prospects for advancing the research and development of high-end spherical plain bearings in my country. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-purpose testing device and method suitable for medium and large-sized radial spherical plain bearings, so as to solve the problems of insufficient loading capacity, difficulty in simulating actual complex load conditions, and lack of integrated measurement of existing testing devices.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a multi-purpose testing device suitable for medium and large-sized radial spherical plain bearings, comprising: a testing load-bearing device, an axial loading component, a radial loading component, and a base; the axial loading component and the testing load-bearing device are mounted on the base, the axial loading component is arranged at the front end of the testing load-bearing device; the radial loading component is mounted on the lower side of the front end of the testing load-bearing device.

[0008] The testing support device includes a test base, a transmission shaft, a front support assembly, a middle support assembly, a rear support assembly, a disassembly assembly, a bearing assembly under test, a torque sensor, a wear measurement assembly, and baffles. The test base is installed in the middle of the base, serving as the mounting base for other components. The front and middle support assemblies are respectively fitted into corresponding mounting holes in the middle of the front and rear ends of the test base. The rear support assembly is installed on the base, at the rear side of the test base. The transmission shaft is sequentially fitted into bearing holes in the middle of the front, middle, and rear support assemblies. The disassembly assembly is installed on the test base, at the front end of the front support assembly. The torque sensor is installed at the rear end of the base via a torque sensor support, and its output shaft is connected to the rear end of the transmission shaft via a coupling. The bearing assembly under test is fitted onto the transmission shaft, between the front and middle support assemblies. Two sets of the wear measurement assembly and baffles are symmetrically installed on the test base, on the left and right sides of the bearing assembly under test.

[0009] The front support assembly includes a front bearing housing, a front support bearing, a front retaining ring, and a front baffle; the front bearing housing has a bearing mounting hole in the middle; there are two front support bearings, which are fitted into the bearing mounting holes of the front bearing housing one in front and one behind, separated by the front retaining ring; there are two front baffles, which are symmetrically installed on the front bearing housing, on the front and rear sides of the two front support bearings.

[0010] The intermediate support assembly includes an intermediate support bearing, an intermediate retaining ring, a first intermediate baffle, and a second intermediate baffle. There are two intermediate support bearings, which are fitted into the bearing mounting holes in the middle of the rear end of the test base, and are separated by the intermediate retaining ring. The first intermediate baffle and the second intermediate baffle are respectively installed on the front and rear sides of the two intermediate support bearings on the test base.

[0011] The rear support assembly includes a rear bearing housing, a rear support bearing, and a rear baffle. The rear bearing housing is mounted on the test base and has a bearing mounting hole in the middle. The rear support bearing is fitted into the bearing mounting hole of the rear bearing housing. There are two rear baffles, which are symmetrically mounted on the rear bearing housing, on the front and rear sides of the rear support bearing.

[0012] The disassembly assembly includes a disassembly support plate, a test bearing housing tie rod, a front bearing housing tie rod, and a push bolt. The disassembly support plate is rectangular with a threaded hole in the middle. There are four test bearing housing tie rods, each with its ends mounted on the disassembly support plate and the test bearing assembly, respectively, and its middle section slidably connected to the test base via a sliding bearing. There are also four front bearing housing tie rods, each with its ends connected to the disassembly support plate and the front bearing housing. The push bolt is installed in the threaded hole in the middle of the disassembly support plate. Rotating the push bolt pushes the drive shaft, causing the disassembly support plate to move forward via the test bearing housing tie rods, thus disengaging the test spherical bearing from its connection with the drive shaft.

[0013] The bearing assembly under test includes a spherical plain bearing, an upper bearing housing, a lower bearing housing, a bearing baffle, and a temperature sensor. The spherical plain bearing under test is mounted in the middle of the transmission shaft. The upper and lower bearing housings are symmetrically mounted on the upper and lower sides of the spherical plain bearing under test. Two bearing baffles are provided, symmetrically installed on the upper and lower bearing housings and on the upper and lower sides of the spherical plain bearing under test. The temperature sensor is installed in the middle of the upper end of the upper bearing housing via a threaded connection, with its lower end in contact with the outer ring surface of the spherical plain bearing under test, and can measure its temperature in real time.

[0014] The wear measurement assembly includes a grating ruler, a grating ruler support, and a measurement connector. The grating ruler is mounted on one side of the test base via the grating ruler support. The measurement connector is L-shaped, with its front support plate mounted on the reading head slide of the grating ruler and its side support plate connected to the upper bearing seat. Under the pushing action of the radial loading assembly, the wear of the spherical bearing liner under test will be reflected as the displacement of the upper bearing seat. Therefore, the change in liner wear can be calculated relatively accurately using the grating rulers on both sides.

[0015] As a further limitation of this technical solution, the axial loading assembly includes a hydraulic jack, an axial jack support, an axial loading guide rod, an axial pressure sensor, and an axial loading support plate. The axial jack support is installed at the front end of the test base. The hydraulic jack is installed on the upper rear side of the axial jack support. Four axial loading guide rods are slidably mounted on the axial jack support and around the hydraulic jack via sliding bearings. The axial loading support plate is installed at the end of the axial loading guide rods. The axial pressure sensor is installed in the middle of the axial loading support plate, with its pressure-bearing bracket opposite to the jacking bolt. When the hydraulic jack is activated, the bearing assembly under test is pushed through the axial loading support plate, the axial pressure sensor, and the disassembly assembly, thus applying axial force to the bearing under test.

[0016] As a further limitation of this technical solution, the radial loading assembly includes a mechanical jack, a radial jack support, a radial pressure sensor, a sensor connector, and a connector baffle. The radial jack support is installed on the lower middle part of the test base. The mechanical jack is arranged on the radial jack support, with its extended end opposite to the bearing assembly under test. The radial pressure sensor is arranged in a through hole on the lower middle part of the test base, between the bearing assembly under test and the extended end of the mechanical jack, via the sensor connector and the connector baffle. The connector baffle is installed at the lower end of the test base. When the mechanical jack moves upward, it pushes the bearing assembly under test through the sensor connector and the radial pressure sensor, applying radial force to the bearing assembly under test, and the radial pressure sensor measures this pressure.

[0017] As a further limitation of this technical solution, the radial jack support includes a jack base plate and radial jack tie rods; the radial jack tie rods are provided with 4 rods, symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the test base, with the upper end connected to the test base and the lower end connected to the jack base plate.

[0018] As a further limitation of this technical solution, the transmission shaft is a stepped shaft, and the front support bearing, middle support bearing, and rear support bearing are all radial spherical plain bearings. The relationship between their inner diameters and the inner diameters of the spherical plain bearings to be tested is as follows: inner diameter of the middle support bearing = inner diameter of the rear support bearing > inner diameter of the spherical plain bearing to be tested > inner diameter of the front support bearing.

[0019] As a further limitation of this technical solution, the distance between the bearing assembly under test and the middle support assembly is smaller than the distance between the bearing assembly under test and the front support assembly, so that the middle support assembly can withstand a greater radial force.

[0020] As a further limitation of this technical solution, the front baffle, the first middle baffle, the second middle baffle, the rear baffle and the bearing baffle are all provided with through holes that match the corresponding bearings, and the hole diameter is between the inner and outer diameters of the outer ring of the corresponding bearing.

[0021] As a further limitation of this technical solution, the top of the front bearing housing is provided with 4 threaded holes, and the top of the test base is provided with 4 open holes at the corresponding positions. The front bearing housing can be installed on the test base by bolts. After assembly, there are gaps between the bottom surface, left and right sides of the front bearing housing and the test base to facilitate disassembly and assembly. The bearing mounting hole in the middle is coaxial with the bearing mounting hole at the rear end of the test base and the bearing mounting hole in the rear bearing housing.

[0022] As a further limitation of this technical solution, the middle baffle ring is provided with heat dissipation holes on its circumference, and the test base is also provided with heat dissipation holes on the left and right sides and at the corresponding positions of the heat dissipation holes of the middle baffle ring.

[0023] As a further limitation of this technical solution, after the bearing assembly to be tested is assembled, a gap is left between the upper bearing seat and the lower bearing seat so that the spherical bearing to be tested can be clamped under the action of the connecting bolts.

[0024] As a further limitation of this technical solution, the following steps are included: S1: After heating the spherical plain bearing to be tested, it is fitted onto the spherical plain bearing shaft section in the middle of the transmission shaft. After cooling, the bearing assembly to be tested is assembled, and the upper bearing seat and the lower bearing seat are fastened with bolts to clamp the spherical plain bearing to be tested; S2: The front support assembly, disassembly assembly, and axial loading assembly are installed in sequence, and the measuring connection seat is fixed to the upper bearing seat; S3: The mechanical jack is controlled to move upward, and a radial load is applied to the spherical plain bearing to be tested through the radial pressure sensor and the lower bearing seat until a specified value is reached; S4: The hydraulic jack is controlled to move, and an axial load is applied to the spherical plain bearing to be tested through the axial pressure sensor, disassembly support plate, bearing seat tie rod, upper bearing seat, and lower bearing seat until a specified value is reached; S5: The drive assembly... S6: The test involves rotating the spherical bearing under test via a torque sensor, coupling, and transmission shaft. S7: Using measurement data from the torque sensor, temperature sensor, grating ruler, and pressure sensor, parameters such as the friction coefficient between the inner and outer rings, outer ring temperature, and liner wear of the spherical bearing under test can be calculated in real time. S8: After the test, the mechanical and hydraulic jacks are reset, and the axial loading assembly is disassembled. S9: The jacking bolt is rotated, and the front support assembly and the bearing under test assembly are removed from the transmission shaft via the disassembly assembly. The fastening bolts between the upper and lower bearing seats are loosened, the spherical bearing under test is removed, and the front support assembly and the bearing under test are taken out sequentially. S1-S8: The bearing under test is replaced, and steps S1-S8 are repeated to complete a new round of bearing testing.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: (1) Stable structure and strong load-bearing capacity. An integrated test base and modular load-bearing design are adopted to build a stable test frame; the transmission shaft is a stepped shaft structure, equipped with three supports at the front, middle and rear, and the inner diameter of the bearings of the middle and rear supports is larger than that of the front support, so that the middle support near the radial loading side can withstand greater radial force, significantly improving the overall structural strength and rigidity, and adapting to the high load test requirements of medium and large-sized bearings.

[0026] (2) It can simulate complex composite load conditions. The axial hydraulic loading and radial mechanical loading systems are set independently, and axial and radial loads can be applied separately or simultaneously to achieve precise application and control of static / alternating composite loads.

[0027] (3) Integrated multi-parameter synchronous real-time monitoring. Integrating torque, temperature, grating ruler wear measurement and axial / radial pressure sensor, the input torque, bearing outer ring temperature, liner wear displacement and load data can be monitored and recorded synchronously in real time during the test; after data fusion processing, key parameters such as friction coefficient can be directly calculated, realizing the datafication and visualization of the test process.

[0028] (4) Easy to disassemble and assemble. Equipped with a special disassembly component, the bearing assembly to be tested and the front support seat can be removed as a whole by means of push bolts and pull rod mechanism; the front bearing seat and the base adopt a clearance fit for easy separation, and the bearing to be tested adopts a split upper and lower seat clamping and fixing, which makes clamping and releasing quick.

[0029] (5) Good versatility and scalability. The main structure and loading measurement system are adapted to the testing requirements of "medium and large size". By replacing the front support component, transmission shaft and bearing component under test, it can be adapted to the testing of various specifications of radial spherical bearings.

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test bearing device of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the front support assembly of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the middle support assembly of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rear support assembly of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the disassembly assembly of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bearing assembly to be tested of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wear measurement assembly of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the axial loading assembly of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radial loading assembly of an embodiment of the present invention; In the figures: 1, test bearing device; 2, axial loading assembly; 3, radial loading assembly; 4, base; 11, test base; 111, base heat dissipation hole; 12, transmission shaft; 13, front support assembly; 131, front bearing seat; 132, front support bearing; 133, front retaining ring; 134, front baffle; 14, middle support assembly; 141, middle support bearing; 142, middle retaining ring; 143, first middle baffle; 144, second middle baffle. 145. Retaining ring heat dissipation hole; 15. Rear support assembly; 151. Rear bearing housing; 152. Rear support bearing; 153. Rear baffle; 16. Disassembly assembly; 161. Disassembly support plate; 162. Bearing housing tie rod to be tested; 163. Front bearing housing tie rod; 164. Push bolt; 165. Sliding bearing one; 17. Bearing assembly to be tested; 171. Spherical plain bearing to be tested; 172. Upper bearing seat; 173. Lower bearing seat; 174. Bearing baffle; 175. Temperature sensor; 18. Torque sensor; 181. Torque sensor support. 182. Coupling; 19. Wear measurement assembly; 191. Grating ruler; 192. Grating ruler support; 193. Measuring connection seat; 10. Baffle; 21. Hydraulic jack; 22. Axial jack support; 23. Axial loading guide rod; 24. Axial pressure sensor; 25. Axial loading support plate; 26. Sliding bearing II; 31. Mechanical jack; 32. Radial jack support; 33. Radial pressure sensor; 34. Sensor connection seat; 35. Connection seat baffle; 36. Jack base plate; 37. Radial jack tie rod. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0033] The present invention provides a multi-purpose testing device and method suitable for medium and large-sized radial spherical plain bearings. As shown in Figures 1-5, the multi-purpose testing device of this embodiment consists of a testing support device 1, an axial loading component 2, a radial loading component 3, and a base 4; the axial loading component 2 and the testing support device 1 are mounted on the base 4, with the axial loading component 2 arranged at the front end of the testing support device 1; the radial loading component 3 is mounted on the lower side of the front end of the testing support device 1.

[0034] The test support device 1 consists of a test base 11, a transmission shaft 12, a front support assembly 13, a middle support assembly 14, a rear support assembly 15, a disassembly assembly 16, a bearing assembly to be tested 17, a torque sensor 18, a wear measurement assembly 19, and a baffle 10.

[0035] The test base 11 is installed in the middle of the base 4 as the mounting base for other components; the front support assembly 13 and the middle support assembly 14 are respectively fitted into the corresponding mounting holes in the middle of the front and rear ends of the test base 11; the rear support assembly 15 is installed on the base 4, behind the test base 11; the transmission shaft 12 is sequentially fitted into the bearing holes in the middle of the front support assembly 13, the middle support assembly 14 and the rear support assembly 15; the disassembly assembly 16 is installed on the test base 11, at the front end of the front support assembly 13; the torque sensor 18 is installed at the rear end of the base 4 through the torque sensor support 181, and its output shaft is connected to the rear end of the transmission shaft 12 through the coupling 182; the bearing assembly to be tested 17 is fitted on the transmission shaft 12, between the front support assembly 13 and the middle support assembly 14; the wear measurement assembly 19 and the baffle 10 are each provided in 2 sets, symmetrically installed on the test base 11, on the left and right sides of the bearing assembly to be tested 17.

[0036] The front support assembly 13 includes a front bearing housing 131, a front support bearing 132, a front retaining ring 133, and a front baffle 134. The front bearing housing 131 has a bearing mounting hole in the middle. There are two front support bearings 132, which are fitted into the bearing mounting holes of the front bearing housing 131 one after the other, and are separated by the front retaining ring 133. There are two front baffles 134, which are symmetrically installed on the front bearing housing 131, on the front and rear sides of the two front support bearings 132.

[0037] The middle support assembly 14 includes a middle support bearing 141, a middle retaining ring 142, a first middle baffle 143, and a second middle baffle 144. There are two middle support bearings 141, which are fitted into the bearing mounting holes in the middle of the rear end of the test base 11, and are separated by the middle retaining ring 142. The first middle baffle 143 and the second middle baffle 144 are respectively installed on the front and rear sides of the test base 11.

[0038] The rear support assembly 15 includes a rear bearing housing 151, a rear support bearing 152, and a rear baffle 153. The rear bearing housing 151 is mounted on the test base 11 and has a bearing mounting hole in the middle. The rear support bearing 152 is fitted into the bearing mounting hole of the rear bearing housing 151. There are two rear baffles 153, which are symmetrically mounted on the rear bearing housing 151, on the front and rear sides of the rear support bearing 152.

[0039] The disassembly assembly 16 includes a disassembly support plate 161, a test bearing housing tie rod 162, a front bearing housing tie rod 163, and a push bolt 164. The disassembly support plate 161 is rectangular and has a threaded hole in the middle. There are four test bearing housing tie rods 162, with both ends installed on the disassembly support plate 161 and the test bearing assembly 17, respectively, and the middle is slidably connected to the test base 11 through a sliding bearing 165. There are four front bearing housing tie rods 163, with both ends connected to the disassembly support plate 161 and the front bearing housing 131, respectively. The push bolt 164 is installed in the threaded hole in the middle of the disassembly support plate 161. Rotating the push bolt 164 pushes the transmission shaft 12, which allows the disassembly support plate 161 to drive the test bearing assembly 17 forward through the test bearing housing tie rod 162, causing the test spherical bearing 171 to disengage from its connection with the transmission shaft 12.

[0040] The bearing assembly 17 under test includes a spherical plain bearing 171, an upper bearing housing 172, a lower bearing housing 173, a bearing baffle 174, and a temperature sensor 175. The spherical plain bearing 171 is mounted on the middle of the transmission shaft 12. The upper bearing housing 172 and the lower bearing housing 173 are symmetrically mounted on the upper and lower sides of the spherical plain bearing 171 under test. Two bearing baffles 174 are provided and symmetrically installed on the upper bearing housing 172 and the lower bearing housing 173, on the upper and lower sides of the spherical plain bearing 171 under test. The temperature sensor 175 is installed in the middle of the upper end of the upper bearing housing 172 by a threaded connection, and its lower end is in contact with the outer ring surface of the spherical plain bearing 171 under test, so as to measure its temperature in real time.

[0041] The wear measurement assembly 19 includes a grating ruler 191, a grating ruler support 192, and a measurement connecting seat 193. The grating ruler 191 is mounted on one side of the test base 11 via the grating ruler support 192. The measurement connecting seat 193 is L-shaped, with its front support plate mounted on the reading head slide of the grating ruler 191, and its side support plate connected to the bearing upper seat 172. Under the pushing action of the radial loading assembly 3, the wear amount of the shim of the spherical bearing 171 under test will be reflected as the displacement of the bearing upper seat 172. Therefore, the change in the shim wear amount can be calculated more accurately through the grating rulers 191 on both sides.

[0042] The shim is located between the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing. When the shim wears, a gap will be generated between the inner ring and the outer ring. Under the pushing action of the radial loading component 3, the outer ring of the bearing will move upward relative to the inner ring, thereby causing the upper bearing seat 172 to move upward. The displacement of the upper bearing seat 172 is directly related to the wear of the shim. Therefore, "the wear of the shim of the spherical plain bearing 171 to be tested will be reflected as the displacement of the upper bearing seat 172".

[0043] In this embodiment, the axial loading assembly 2 includes a hydraulic jack 21, an axial jack support 22, an axial loading guide rod 23, an axial pressure sensor 24, and an axial loading support plate 25. The axial jack support 22 is installed at the front end of the test base 11. The hydraulic jack 21 is installed at the upper rear side of the axial jack support 22. Four axial loading guide rods 23 are provided and are slidably installed on the axial jack support 22 and around the hydraulic jack 21 via sliding bearings 26. The axial loading support plate 25 is installed at the end of the axial loading guide rods 23. The axial pressure sensor 24 is installed in the middle of the axial loading support plate 25, and its pressure-bearing bracket is opposite to the push bolt 164. When the hydraulic jack 21 is activated, it pushes the bearing assembly 17 under test through the axial loading support plate 25, the axial pressure sensor 24, and the disassembly assembly 16, thereby applying axial force to the spherical bearing 171 under test.

[0044] In this embodiment, the radial loading assembly 3 includes a mechanical jack 31, a radial jack support 32, a radial pressure sensor 33, a sensor connector 34, and a connector baffle 35. The radial jack support 32 is installed on the lower middle part of the test base 11. The mechanical jack 31 is arranged on the radial jack support 32, with its extended end opposite to the bearing assembly 17 under test. The radial pressure sensor 33 is arranged in a through hole on the lower middle part of the test base 11, between the bearing assembly 17 under test and the extended end of the mechanical jack 31, through the sensor connector 34 and the connector baffle 35. The connector baffle 35 is installed at the lower end of the test base 11. When the mechanical jack 31 moves upward, it pushes the bearing assembly 17 under test through the sensor connector 34 and the radial pressure sensor 33, thereby applying a radial force to the spherical bearing 171 under test, and measuring the pressure through the radial pressure sensor 33.

[0045] In this embodiment, the radial jack support 32 includes a jack base plate 36 and radial jack tie rods 37; there are 4 radial jack tie rods 37, which are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the test base 11, with the upper end connected to the test base 11 and the lower end connected to the jack base plate 36.

[0046] In this embodiment, the transmission shaft 12 is a stepped shaft, and the front support bearing 132, the middle support bearing 141, and the rear support bearing 152 are all radial spherical bearings. The relationship between their inner diameters and the inner diameters of the spherical bearing 171 to be tested is as follows: inner diameter of the middle support bearing 141 = inner diameter of the rear support bearing 152 > inner diameter of the spherical bearing 171 to be tested > inner diameter of the front support bearing 132.

[0047] The above configuration ensures that the axial pressure is smoothly transmitted to the test spherical bearing 171 when applied. The stepped shaft design also facilitates easy assembly and disassembly. Replacing the test spherical bearing 171 requires assembly and disassembly from the front support bearing 132 side. Standards require that the test spherical bearing 171 and the shaft section have an interference fit. If the shaft section is too long, assembly and disassembly become very cumbersome. The stepped shaft design solves this problem.

[0048] In this embodiment, the distance between the bearing assembly 17 under test and the middle support assembly 14 is smaller than the distance between the bearing assembly 17 and the front support assembly 13, so that the middle support assembly 14 can withstand a greater radial force and provide displacement space.

[0049] In this embodiment, the front baffle 134, the first middle baffle 143, the second middle baffle 144, the rear baffle 153 and the bearing baffle 174 are all provided with through holes that match the corresponding bearings, and the hole diameter is between the inner and outer diameters of the outer ring of the corresponding bearing.

[0050] In this embodiment, the front bearing housing 131 has four threaded holes at its top, and the test base 11 has four open holes at the corresponding positions at its top. The front bearing housing 131 can be installed on the test base 11 by bolts. After assembly, there are gaps between the bottom surface, left and right sides of the front bearing housing 131 and the test base 11 to facilitate disassembly and assembly. The bearing mounting hole in the middle is coaxial with the bearing mounting hole at the rear end of the test base 11 and the bearing mounting hole in the rear bearing housing 151.

[0051] In this embodiment, the middle baffle ring is provided with baffle ring heat dissipation holes 145, and the test base 11 is also provided with base heat dissipation holes 111 on the left and right sides and at the corresponding positions of the middle baffle ring heat dissipation holes 145.

[0052] After the bearing assembly 17 to be tested is assembled, a gap is left between the upper bearing seat 172 and the lower bearing seat 173 so that the spherical bearing 171 to be tested can be clamped under the action of the connecting bolts.

[0053] The process includes the following steps: S1: After heating the spherical plain bearing 171 to be tested, it is fitted onto the spherical plain bearing shaft section in the middle of the transmission shaft 12. After cooling, the bearing assembly 17 to be tested is assembled, and the upper bearing seat 172 and the lower bearing seat 173 are fastened with bolts to clamp the spherical plain bearing 171 to be tested; S2: The front support assembly 13, the disassembly assembly 16, and the axial loading assembly 2 are installed in sequence, and the measuring connection seat 193 is fixed to the upper bearing seat 172; S3: The mechanical jack 31 is controlled to move upward, and the radial load is applied to the spherical plain bearing 171 to be tested through the radial pressure sensor 33 and the lower bearing seat 173 until the specified value is reached; S4: The hydraulic jack 21 is controlled to move, and the radial load is applied to the spherical plain bearing 171 through the axial pressure sensor 24 and the disassembly support plate. 161. The bearing housing tie rod 162, upper bearing housing 172, and lower bearing housing 173 apply an axial load to the spherical plain bearing 171 under test until a specified value is reached; S5. The drive device moves, driving the spherical plain bearing 171 under test to rotate through the torque sensor 18, coupling 181, and transmission shaft 12; S6. Based on the measurement data from the torque sensor 18, temperature sensor 175, grating ruler 191, axial pressure sensor 24, and radial pressure sensor 33, parameters such as the friction coefficient between the inner and outer rings, outer ring temperature, and liner wear of the spherical plain bearing 171 under test can be calculated in real time; among them, the outer ring temperature is directly measured by the temperature sensor 175, and the liner wear is directly measured by the grating ruler 191.

[0054] Calculation of the coefficient of friction:

[0055] In the formula: μ is the coefficient of friction; M is the torque, measured by torque sensor 18; F is the radial force on the bearing, measured by radial pressure sensor 33; d is the diameter at the contact point between the inner and outer rings of the spherical plain bearing to be tested.

[0056] S7: After the test, control the mechanical jack 31 and hydraulic jack 21 to reset, and disassemble the axial loading component 2; S8: Rotate the jacking bolt 164, and remove the front support component 13 and the bearing component 17 under test from the transmission shaft 12 by disassembling the component 16. Loosen the fastening bolts between the upper bearing seat 172 and the lower bearing seat 173, remove the spherical bearing 171 under test, and take out the front support component 13 and the spherical bearing 171 under test in sequence; S9: Replace the spherical bearing under test, repeat steps S1-S8, and complete a new round of bearing testing.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-purpose testing device suitable for medium and large-sized radial spherical plain bearings, comprising a testing load-bearing device (1), an axial loading assembly (2), a radial loading assembly (3), and a base (4); characterized in that: The axial loading assembly (2) and the test bearing device (1) are mounted on the base (4), with the axial loading assembly (2) arranged at the front end of the test bearing device (1); the radial loading assembly (3) is mounted on the lower front end of the test bearing device (1); the test bearing device (1) includes a test base (11), a transmission shaft (12), a front support assembly (13), a middle support assembly (14), a rear support assembly (15), a disassembly assembly (16), a bearing assembly to be tested (17), a torque sensor (18), a wear measurement assembly (19), and a baffle (10); the test base (11) is mounted in the middle of the base (4); the front support assembly (13) and the middle support assembly (14) are respectively fitted onto the test base. (11) The corresponding mounting holes in the middle of the front and rear ends; the rear support assembly (15) is mounted on the base (4) and the rear side of the test base (11); the transmission shaft (12) is sequentially fitted into the bearing holes in the middle of the front support assembly (13), the middle support assembly (14) and the rear support assembly (15); the disassembly assembly (16) is mounted on the test base (11) and the front end of the front support assembly (13); the torque sensor (18) is mounted on the rear end of the base (4) through the torque sensor support (181), and its output shaft is connected to the rear end of the transmission shaft (12) through the coupling (182); the bearing assembly to be tested (17) is fitted on the transmission shaft (12), the front support assembly (13) and the middle support assembly (15) Between 14); the wear measurement component (19) and the baffle (10) are each provided in 2 sets, symmetrically installed on the test base (11) and on the left and right sides of the bearing assembly (17) to be tested; the front support component (13) includes a front bearing housing (131), a front support bearing (132), a front retaining ring (133) and a front baffle (134); the front bearing housing (131) is provided with a bearing mounting hole in the middle; there are 2 front support bearings (132), which are fitted into the bearing mounting holes of the front bearing housing (131) front and back, and are separated by the front retaining ring (133); there are 2 front baffles (134), which are symmetrically installed on the front bearing housing (131) and on the front and rear sides of the two front support bearings (132); the middle The support assembly (14) includes a middle support bearing (141), a middle retaining ring (142), a first middle retaining plate (143), and a second middle retaining plate (144). There are two middle support bearings (141), which are fitted into the bearing mounting holes in the middle of the rear end of the test base (11), and are separated by the middle retaining ring (142). The first middle retaining plate (143) and the second middle retaining plate (144) are respectively installed on the front and rear sides of the two middle support bearings (141). The rear support assembly (15) includes a rear bearing housing (151), a rear support bearing (152), and a rear retaining plate (153). The rear bearing housing (151) is installed on the test base (11) and has a bearing mounting hole in the middle.The rear support bearing (152) is fitted into the bearing mounting hole of the rear bearing housing (151); two rear baffles (153) are provided, symmetrically installed on the rear bearing housing (151), on the front and rear sides of the rear support bearing (152); the disassembly assembly (16) includes a disassembly support plate (161), a bearing housing pull rod (162) to be tested, a front bearing housing pull rod (163), and a push bolt (164); the disassembly support plate (161) is rectangular and has a threaded hole in the middle; the bearing housing pull rod (162) to be tested... Four rods are provided, with both ends installed on the disassembly support plate (161) and the bearing assembly to be tested (17) respectively, and the middle part is slidably connected to the test base (11) through a sliding bearing (165); four front bearing seat tie rods (163) are provided, with both ends connected to the disassembly support plate (161) and the front bearing seat (131) respectively; the push bolt (164) is installed in the threaded hole in the middle of the disassembly support plate (161); the bearing assembly to be tested (17) includes the spherical plain bearing (171), the bearing upper seat (172), and the bearing. The bearing consists of a lower seat (173), a bearing baffle (174), and a temperature sensor (175); the spherical bearing (171) to be tested is mounted on the middle of the transmission shaft (12); the upper bearing seat (172) and the lower bearing seat (173) are symmetrically mounted on the upper and lower sides of the spherical bearing (171) to be tested; two bearing baffles (174) are provided, symmetrically installed on the upper bearing seat (172) and the lower bearing seat (173), on the upper and lower sides of the spherical bearing (171) to be tested; the temperature sensor (175) is connected by a thread. The wear measurement assembly (19) is installed at the middle of the upper end of the bearing seat (172), with its lower end contacting the outer ring surface of the spherical plain bearing (171) to be tested. The wear measurement assembly (19) includes a grating ruler (191), a grating ruler support (192), and a measurement connecting seat (193). The grating ruler (191) is mounted on one side of the test base (11) via the grating ruler support (192). The measurement connecting seat (193) is L-shaped, with its front support plate mounted on the reading head slide of the grating ruler (191), and its side support plate connected to the bearing seat (172).

2. The multi-purpose testing device for medium and large-sized radial spherical plain bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial loading assembly (2) includes a hydraulic jack (21), an axial jack support (22), an axial loading guide rod (23), an axial pressure sensor (24), and an axial loading support plate (25). The axial jack support (22) is installed at the front end of the test base (11). The hydraulic jack (21) is installed on the upper rear side of the axial jack support (22). There are four axial loading guide rods (23), which are slidably installed on the axial jack support (22) and around the hydraulic jack (21) through sliding bearings (26). The axial loading support plate (25) is installed at the end of the axial loading guide rods (23). The axial pressure sensor (24) is installed in the middle of the axial loading support plate (25), and its pressure-bearing bracket is opposite to the jacking bolt (164).

3. The multi-purpose testing device for medium and large-sized radial spherical plain bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radial loading assembly (3) includes a mechanical jack (31), a radial jack support (32), a radial pressure sensor (33), a sensor connector (34), and a connector baffle (35); the radial jack support (32) is installed on the lower side of the middle of the test base (11); the mechanical jack (31) is arranged on the radial jack support (32), with its extended end opposite to the bearing assembly (17) to be tested; the radial pressure sensor (33) is arranged in the through hole on the lower side of the middle of the test base (11) through the sensor connector (34) and the connector baffle (35), between the bearing assembly (17) to be tested and the extended end of the mechanical jack (31); the connector baffle (35) is installed at the lower end of the test base (11).

4. The multi-purpose testing device for medium and large-sized radial spherical plain bearings according to claim 3, characterized in that: The radial jack support (32) includes a jack base plate (36) and a radial jack tie rod (37); the radial jack tie rod (37) has 4 rods, which are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the test base (11), with the upper end connected to the test base (11) and the lower end connected to the jack base plate (36).

5. The multi-purpose testing device for medium and large-sized radial spherical plain bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission shaft (12) is a stepped shaft. The front support bearing (132), the middle support bearing (141), and the rear support bearing (152) are all radial spherical bearings. The relationship between their inner diameters and the inner diameters of the spherical bearings to be tested (171) is as follows: inner diameter of the middle support bearing (141) = inner diameter of the rear support bearing (152) > inner diameter of the spherical bearing to be tested (171) > inner diameter of the front support bearing (132).

6. The multi-purpose testing device for medium and large-sized radial spherical plain bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the bearing assembly under test (17) and the middle support assembly (14) is less than the distance between it and the front support assembly (13).

7. The multi-purpose testing device for medium and large-sized radial spherical plain bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front baffle (134), the first middle baffle (143), the second middle baffle (144), the rear baffle (153), and the bearing baffle (174) are all provided with through holes that match the corresponding bearings, and the hole diameter is between the inner and outer diameters of the outer ring of the corresponding bearing.

8. The multi-purpose testing device for medium and large-sized radial spherical plain bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front bearing housing (131) has four threaded holes on its top, and the test base (11) has four open holes at the corresponding positions on its top. The front bearing housing (131) can be installed on the test base (11) by bolts. After assembly, there are gaps between the bottom surface and the left and right sides of the front bearing housing (131) and the test base (11), and the bearing mounting hole in the middle is coaxial with the bearing mounting hole at the rear end of the test base (11) and the bearing mounting hole of the rear bearing housing (151).

9. The multi-purpose testing device for medium and large-sized radial spherical plain bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle retaining ring (142) is provided with retaining ring heat dissipation holes (111) on its circumference, and the test base (11) is also provided with base heat dissipation holes (145) on the left and right sides and at the corresponding positions of the retaining ring heat dissipation holes (111).

10. The multi-purpose testing device for medium and large-sized radial spherical plain bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the bearing assembly (17) to be tested is assembled, there is a gap between the upper bearing seat (172) and the lower bearing seat (173).

11. The test method of the multi-purpose test device for medium and large-sized radial spherical plain bearings according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1: After heating the spherical plain bearing (171) to be tested, fit it onto the shaft section of the spherical plain bearing (171) in the middle of the transmission shaft (12). After cooling, assemble the bearing assembly (17) to be tested, and fasten the upper bearing seat (172) and the lower bearing seat (173) with bolts to clamp the spherical plain bearing (171) to be tested; S2: Install the front support assembly (13), the disassembly assembly (16) and the axial loading assembly (2) in sequence, and fix the measuring connection seat (193) to the upper bearing seat (172); S3: Control machine S4: The hydraulic jack (31) moves upward, applying a radial load to the test spherical bearing (171) through the radial pressure sensor (33) and the lower bearing seat (173) until a specified value is reached; S5: The hydraulic jack (21) is controlled to move, applying an axial load to the test spherical bearing (171) through the axial pressure sensor (24), the disassembly support plate (161), the test bearing seat tie rod (162), the upper bearing seat (172), and the lower bearing seat (173) until a specified value is reached; S6: The drive device moves, applying a radial load to the test spherical bearing (171) through the torque sensor (24), the disassembly support plate (161), the test bearing seat tie rod (162), the upper bearing seat (172), and the lower bearing seat (173) until a specified value is reached; The torque sensor (18), coupling (182), and drive shaft (12) drive the test spherical bearing (171) to rotate; S6: Through the measurement data of the torque sensor (18), temperature sensor (175), grating ruler (191), and pressure sensor, the parameters such as the friction coefficient between the inner and outer rings, outer ring temperature, and liner wear of the test spherical bearing (171) can be calculated in real time; S7: After the test, the mechanical jack (31) and hydraulic jack (21) are reset, and the axial loading assembly is disassembled ( 2) S8: Rotate the push bolt (164), remove the front support assembly (13) and the bearing assembly to be tested (17) from the transmission shaft (12) by disassembling the assembly (16), loosen the fastening bolt between the upper bearing seat (172) and the lower bearing seat (173), remove the spherical bearing to be tested (171), and take out the front support assembly (13) and the spherical bearing to be tested (171) in sequence; S9: Replace the spherical bearing to be tested (171), repeat steps S1-S8, and complete a new round of bearing inspection.

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