Transformer state on-line monitoring and fault early warning device and method
By introducing collaborative analysis of environmental sensors and control units, the problem of insufficient environmental adaptability monitoring in online transformer condition monitoring devices has been solved, enabling early identification and multi-dimensional assessment of insulation aging, and improving the timeliness and accuracy of fault warning.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 华能海南发电股份有限公司南山电厂
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-01
AI Technical Summary
Existing online transformer status monitoring and fault early warning devices have significant shortcomings in environmental adaptability monitoring. They only focus on electrical parameters while ignoring the impact of the operating environment on the insulation performance of the equipment. This leads to the aging of insulation materials in humid environments without early warning. Furthermore, the lack of standardized processes for data acquisition and preprocessing makes it difficult to form a comprehensive evaluation system, increasing the probability of sudden failures.
By introducing environmental sensors to monitor humidity in real time, generating standardized humidity values through digital filtering by the control unit, and conducting collaborative analysis with current data, the risk of insulation aging is assessed using fuzzy algorithms, and a multi-dimensional health assessment model is constructed to achieve deep correlation between environmental and electrical data.
It improves the timeliness and accuracy of fault warnings, reduces the risk of sudden failures caused by insulation aging, and ensures accurate assessment and reliability of equipment status.
Smart Images
Figure CN121955820A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of power equipment monitoring technology, and in particular to a transformer condition online monitoring and fault early warning device and method. Background Technology
[0002] As a core piece of equipment in the power system, the operating status of transformers directly affects the safety and stability of the power grid. Traditional transformer monitoring mainly relies on periodic inspections and offline testing, which has problems such as untimely monitoring and weak fault early warning capabilities. With the advancement of smart grid construction, higher requirements are placed on online monitoring of transformer status.
[0003] Existing online transformer condition monitoring and fault early warning devices have significant shortcomings in environmental adaptability monitoring. Traditional devices often only focus on collecting transformer electrical parameters, while ignoring the impact of the operating environment on the equipment's insulation performance. Environmental humidity, as a key factor leading to the aging of transformer insulation materials and the decline in insulation performance, has not been systematically monitored and quantitatively evaluated in existing technologies. This deficiency means that when equipment operates in a humid environment for a long time, the insulation material may undergo electrochemical corrosion or surface creep due to moisture, and the monitoring system cannot provide early warning of such risks. In addition, existing technologies lack standardized processing procedures for collecting environmental parameters, and the correlation analysis between environmental data and electrical data is insufficient, making it difficult to form a comprehensive assessment system for the transformer insulation status, thereby increasing the probability of sudden equipment failure.
[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this solution introduces environmental sensors to achieve real-time monitoring of ambient humidity and establishes a collaborative analysis mechanism for environmental and electrical data. The environmental sensors continuously collect humidity values from the transformer's operating environment, and the control unit performs digital filtering on the humidity data to eliminate environmental noise interference. Standardized humidity values are then generated and used in conjunction with current data for fault diagnosis, achieving a deep correlation between environmental factors and equipment status. This allows the system to identify the risk of insulation dampness caused by excessive humidity in advance and comprehensively assess the degree of insulation aging through fuzzy algorithms. This not only improves the timeliness of fault warnings but also constructs a multi-dimensional equipment health assessment model through the collaborative analysis of environmental and electrical data. This effectively compensates for the shortcomings of traditional monitoring systems in focusing on environmental factors and fundamentally reduces the risk of sudden faults caused by insulation aging. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To overcome the significant shortcomings of existing online transformer condition monitoring and fault early warning devices in environmental adaptability monitoring, traditional devices often only focus on collecting transformer electrical parameters while neglecting the impact of the operating environment on the equipment's insulation performance. Environmental humidity, as a key factor leading to the aging of transformer insulation materials and the decline in insulation performance, has not been systematically monitored and quantitatively evaluated in existing technologies. This deficiency means that when equipment operates in a humid environment for a long time, the insulation material may undergo electrochemical corrosion or surface creep due to moisture, and the monitoring system cannot provide early warnings of such risks. In addition, existing technologies lack standardized processing procedures for collecting environmental parameters, and the correlation analysis between environmental data and electrical data is insufficient, making it difficult to form a comprehensive evaluation system for the transformer insulation status, thereby increasing the probability of sudden equipment failure.
[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: an online monitoring and fault early warning device for transformer status, comprising an early warning device body, a control unit, an environmental sensor, a wiring port, a current sensor, a wireless communication mechanism, a buzzer, and a protective plate. The control unit is provided at the bottom of one side of the early warning device body, the environmental sensor is provided at one side of the control unit, the wiring port is provided at one side of the early warning device body, the current sensor is provided below the wiring port, the wireless communication mechanism is provided at the top of one side of the early warning device body, the buzzer is provided at one side of the environmental sensor, and the protective plate is provided at one side of the wiring port.
[0007] Preferably, the main body of the early warning device serves as the physical carrier of the device. The control unit performs calculations and diagnoses on the transformer status data. The environmental sensor detects the humidity of the transformer's operating environment to prevent the insulation material from getting damp and aging. The device is connected to the electrical control cable through the wiring port. The current sensor monitors the current passing through the transformer. The data analysis and diagnostic information is remotely transmitted through the wireless communication mechanism. The buzzer provides on-site alarm. The connection between the wiring port and the cable is protected by a protective plate.
[0008] Preferably, mounting blocks are provided on both sides of the top of the main body of the early warning device, and the main body of the early warning device is fixedly installed by the mounting blocks during use.
[0009] Preferably, an energy storage battery is installed inside the top of the main body of the early warning device, and a physical emergency control button is installed on one side inside the top of the main body of the early warning device. In use, the energy storage battery provides power to the device in emergency situations, and the physical emergency control button allows for emergency operation of the device in dangerous situations.
[0010] Preferably, the main body of the early warning device is made of high-hardness aluminum alloy.
[0011] A method for online monitoring and fault early warning of transformer status includes the following steps:
[0012] S11: Connect the transformer cable through the wiring port. The current sensor and environmental sensor collect current and ambient humidity data respectively. Fix the main body of the mounting block to the main body of the energy storage battery, physical emergency control button and wireless communication mechanism. Protect the wiring port connection with the protective plate. S12: The control unit filters or performs Fourier transform processing on the collected current and ambient humidity data and stores it; verifies the energy storage battery power and the status of the physical emergency control button contacts; uploads the pre-processed data through the wireless communication mechanism; and the temperature and humidity patch inside the protective plate provides feedback on local environmental parameters. S13: The control unit analyzes the transformer insulation aging risk and three-phase imbalance based on humidity threshold and current data, uses a fuzzy algorithm to generate a risk level of 0-3, captures current sudden change waveforms, triggers a graded alarm strategy and stores diagnostic reports, and activates the highest warning level with a physical emergency control button; S14: The buzzer performs an audible and visual alarm according to the alarm level; the wireless communication mechanism sends encrypted fault information to the remote center and generates an electronic work order; the protective plate is locked to prevent unauthorized touch; the energy storage battery maintains communication during power failure; and the control unit monitors the notification delivery status and records the log. S15: When the physical emergency control button is triggered, the high-voltage side power supply is cut off and the backup transformer is started. The energy storage battery continues to supply power to ensure the operation of the system. The buzzer sounds continuously to remind people to evacuate. The wireless communication agency sends an emergency status dispatch and maintenance report. The control unit adjusts the emergency strategy and generates a recovery electronic report.
[0013] Preferably, the data acquisition and initialization process includes the following steps: S21: Connect the main body of the early warning device to the transformer's electrical control cable via the wiring port. The current sensor collects the three-phase current data of the transformer in real time and transmits it to the control unit. S22: The environmental sensor continuously monitors the humidity level of the transformer's operating environment, and the data is transmitted to the control unit for recording via the internal wiring of the early warning device. S23: The mounting block secures the main body of the early warning device to the designated position on the transformer casing using bolts, ensuring the detection device is stable and the wiring port is firmly connected to the cable; S24: The energy storage battery provides basic power support for the entire early warning system, while monitoring its own power status and feeding it back to the control unit; S25: The physical emergency control button is in a normally closed standby state, and its contact status is transmitted in real time to the control unit monitoring module through the internal circuit of the warning device. S26: The wireless communication unit initializes the communication protocol, establishes a 4G / 5G data transmission channel with the remote monitoring center, and completes network parameter configuration; S27: The protective plate is fixed to the outside of the wiring port by a buckle, forming a physical barrier to prevent the cable connection from being pulled by external force or dust from entering.
[0014] Preferably, the data preprocessing and validation process includes the following steps: S31: The control unit performs digital filtering on the humidity data transmitted by the environmental sensors to eliminate environmental noise interference and generate standardized humidity values; S32: The raw current data collected by the current sensor is analyzed by Fourier transform by the control unit to extract the fundamental and harmonic component parameters; S33: The main body of the early warning device has a built-in storage module that timestamps and stores the processed humidity and current data in partitions, supporting historical data backtracking; S34: The control unit uploads key pre-processed data to the remote monitoring platform in real time via a wireless communication mechanism, and updates the equipment status log synchronously; S35: The energy storage battery automatically switches to emergency power supply mode when the external power source is abnormal, maintaining the basic functions of the control unit and wireless communication mechanism; S36: The contact status of the physical emergency control button is included in the system self-test process. When an abnormal trigger is detected, an audible and visual prompt is activated and the event is recorded. S37: The inner side of the protective plate integrates a temperature and humidity sensor patch to monitor the local environmental parameters of the wiring port connection area in real time and feed them back to the control unit.
[0015] Preferably, the fault diagnosis and classification process includes the following steps: S41: The control unit determines whether the environmental sensor data exceeds the preset humidity threshold and marks the insulation moisture risk level accordingly; S42: The current data collected by the current sensor is used by the control unit to calculate the three-phase imbalance and identify overload, short circuit or harmonic abnormality modes; S43: Combining ambient humidity and current data, the control unit uses a fuzzy algorithm to comprehensively assess the risk of transformer insulation aging and generate a risk level of 0-3. S44: When a sudden current change is detected that exceeds a set threshold, the control unit triggers a transient fault capture program to record waveform data at the moment the fault occurs; S45: The diagnostic results are transmitted to the buzzer driver module via the internal bus of the early warning device, preparing to execute the graded alarm strategy; S46: The physical emergency control button is automatically activated by the system when a high-risk fault is diagnosed, triggering the highest level of warning and preparing to perform emergency operations; S47: The control unit stores the fault diagnosis report in a structured data format and synchronizes it to the remote diagnostic platform via a wireless communication mechanism.
[0016] Preferably, the following steps are included when issuing and implementing early warning notifications: S51: The buzzer executes audible and visual alarms of different frequencies according to the alarm level instructions issued by the control unit, alerting maintenance personnel on-site; S52: The wireless communication agency sends detailed information on the fault type, occurrence time, and risk level to the remote monitoring center via an encrypted channel; S53: After receiving the early warning information, the remote monitoring center automatically generates an electronic work order containing the device location and fault description and pushes it to the maintenance APP; S54: The protective panel remains locked during the warning execution period to prevent unauthorized personnel from touching the wiring ports and causing secondary malfunctions; S55: The energy storage battery maintains continuous operation of the wireless communication mechanism when the external power supply is interrupted; S56: When the physical emergency control button is pressed, the system's highest priority command is forcibly triggered, cutting off unnecessary loads and initiating backup power switching; S57: The control unit continuously monitors the delivery status of warning notifications, records the sending time, recipient confirmation information, and generates a notification log.
[0017] Preferably, emergency response and recovery include the following steps: S61: Upon triggering the physical emergency control button, the control unit immediately executes the preset emergency procedure; S62: The energy storage battery provides continuous power support for emergency response, and the detection control unit, wireless communication mechanism, and buzzer are operating normally; S63: The buzzer switches to continuous beeping mode, accompanied by flashing warning lights, to remind on-site personnel to evacuate to a safe area and await professional assistance; S64: The wireless communication agency sends emergency status information to the remote monitoring center, initiates the emergency response process, and dispatches nearby maintenance personnel; S65: The protective plate maintains a stable connection at the wiring ports during emergency handling to prevent secondary accidents caused by cables coming loose due to vibration or external force; S66: The control unit automatically adjusts the emergency strategy based on the fault type; S67: After the emergency response is completed, the control unit generates an electronic report containing the process, recovery time, and follow-up recommendations and uploads it to the remote platform.
[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Existing online transformer condition monitoring and fault early warning devices have significant shortcomings in environmental adaptability monitoring. Traditional devices often only focus on collecting transformer electrical parameters, neglecting the impact of the operating environment on the equipment's insulation performance. Environmental humidity, a key factor leading to aging and deterioration of transformer insulation materials, is not systematically monitored or quantitatively assessed in current technologies. This deficiency means that during long-term operation in humid environments, insulation materials may experience electrochemical corrosion or surface creep due to moisture absorption, and the monitoring system cannot provide early warnings of such risks. Furthermore, existing technologies lack standardized processing procedures for environmental parameter collection, and the correlation analysis between environmental and electrical data is insufficient, making it difficult to form a comprehensive assessment system for transformer insulation status. This increases the probability of sudden equipment failures. This solution... By introducing environmental sensors, real-time monitoring of the operating environment humidity is achieved, and a collaborative analysis mechanism for environmental and electrical data is established. The environmental sensors continuously collect humidity values of the transformer's operating environment, and the control unit performs digital filtering on the humidity data to eliminate environmental noise interference. After generating standardized humidity values, they are used together with current data for fault diagnosis, realizing a deep correlation between environmental factors and equipment status. This enables the system to identify the risk of insulation dampness caused by excessive humidity in advance, and comprehensively evaluate the degree of insulation aging through fuzzy algorithms. This not only improves the timeliness of fault warning, but also constructs a multi-dimensional equipment health assessment model through collaborative analysis of environmental and electrical data. This effectively makes up for the lack of attention to environmental factors in traditional monitoring systems and fundamentally reduces the risk of sudden failures caused by insulation aging. 2. Existing transformer condition monitoring systems have significant deficiencies in data acquisition and preprocessing. Current technologies typically only collect basic electrical parameters such as transformer current and voltage, lacking in-depth data quality processing mechanisms. Key information such as harmonic components and noise interference in the raw current data is not effectively extracted and separated, leading to a risk of data distortion in fault diagnosis. Furthermore, existing systems lack standardized processing procedures for environmental parameters, and the correlation analysis between key data such as environmental humidity and electrical parameters is insufficient, making it difficult to accurately assess equipment status. These deficiencies in data acquisition and preprocessing directly affect the accuracy of fault diagnosis, potentially causing the system to miss early faults or falsely report normal states, thus reducing the reliability of the monitoring system. This solution addresses this by implementing multi-dimensional data acquisition and intelligent preprocessing mechanisms. The system achieves a significant improvement in data quality. The three-phase current data collected by the current sensor is analyzed by Fourier transform in the control unit to effectively extract the fundamental and harmonic component parameters. The humidity data collected by the environmental sensor is processed by digital filtering to eliminate environmental noise interference. The processed data is timestamped and stored in partitions, supporting historical data backtracking and trend analysis. This not only ensures the accuracy and integrity of the original data, but also achieves deep integration of environmental and electrical data through standardized processing. Based on the processed data, the control unit uses a fuzzy algorithm to comprehensively assess the risk of insulation aging and generate a risk level of 0-3. This upgrades fault diagnosis from single-parameter judgment to multi-dimensional collaborative analysis, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of fault early warning and effectively avoiding misjudgment or missed judgment caused by data distortion. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a first three-dimensional structural schematic of a transformer online status monitoring and fault early warning device according to the present invention. Figure 2 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural illustration of the internal structure of an online transformer status monitoring and fault early warning device according to the present invention. Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic flowchart of the online transformer status monitoring and fault early warning method of the present invention. Figure 4 The diagram illustrates the fault diagnosis and classification of an online transformer condition monitoring and fault early warning method according to the present invention. Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Main body of the early warning device; 2. Control unit; 3. Mounting block; 4. Environmental sensor; 5. Wiring port; 6. Current sensor; 7. Energy storage battery; 8. Wireless communication mechanism; 9. Buzzer; 10. Protective plate; 11. Physical emergency control button. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0021] Please see Figure 1-4 The present invention provides an embodiment of a transformer condition online monitoring and fault early warning device, comprising an early warning device body 1, a control unit 2, an environmental sensor 4, a wiring port 5, a current sensor 6, a wireless communication mechanism 8, a buzzer 9, and a protective plate 10. The control unit 2 is provided at the bottom of one side of the early warning device body 1, the environmental sensor 4 is provided at one side of the control unit 2, the wiring port 5 is provided at one side of the early warning device body 1, the current sensor 6 is provided below the wiring port 5, the wireless communication mechanism 8 is provided at the top of one side of the early warning device body 1, the buzzer 9 is provided at one side of the environmental sensor 4, and the protective plate 10 is provided at one side of the wiring port 5.
[0022] Preferably, the main body 1 of the early warning device serves as the physical carrier of the device. The control unit 2 performs calculations and diagnoses on the transformer status data. The environmental sensor 4 detects the humidity of the transformer's operating environment to prevent the insulation material from getting damp and aging. The device is connected to the electrical control cable through the wiring port 5. The current sensor 6 monitors the current passing through the transformer. The wireless communication mechanism 8 remotely transmits the data analysis and diagnostic information. The buzzer 9 provides on-site alarm. The protective plate 10 protects the connection between the wiring port 5 and the cable.
[0023] Preferably, mounting blocks 3 are provided on both sides of the top of the main body 1 of the early warning device. During use, the main body 1 of the early warning device is fixedly installed by the mounting blocks 3.
[0024] Preferably, an energy storage battery 7 is installed inside the top of the main body 1 of the early warning device, and a physical emergency control button 11 is installed on one side inside the top of the main body 1 of the early warning device. In use, the energy storage battery 7 provides power to the device in an emergency, and the physical emergency control button 11 allows for emergency operation of the device in the event of danger.
[0025] Preferably, the main body 1 of the early warning device is made of high-hardness aluminum alloy.
[0026] As a preferred embodiment, a method for online monitoring and fault early warning of transformer status includes the following steps: S11: Connect the transformer cable through the wiring port 5. The current sensor 6 and the environmental sensor 4 collect current and ambient humidity data respectively. Fix the main body of the device with the mounting block 3. Initialize the energy storage battery 7, the physical emergency control button 11 and the wireless communication mechanism 8. The protective plate 10 protects the connection point of the wiring port 5. S12: The control unit 2 filters or performs Fourier transform processing on the collected current and ambient humidity data and stores it, verifies the power of the energy storage battery 7 and the contact status of the physical emergency control button 11, uploads the pre-processed data through the wireless communication mechanism 8, and provides feedback on local environmental parameters through the temperature and humidity patch inside the protective plate 10; S13: Control unit 2 analyzes the risk of transformer insulation aging and three-phase imbalance based on humidity threshold and current data, uses fuzzy algorithm to generate risk levels from 0 to 3, captures current surge waveforms, triggers graded alarm strategies and stores diagnostic reports, and physical emergency control button 11 activates the highest warning level; S14: Buzzer 9 performs audible and visual alarms according to the alarm level; wireless communication mechanism 8 sends encrypted fault information to the remote center and generates an electronic work order; protective plate 10 locks to prevent unauthorized touch; energy storage battery 7 maintains communication during power failure; control unit 2 monitors the notification delivery status and records logs. S15: When the physical emergency control button 11 is triggered, the high-voltage side power supply is cut off and the backup transformer is started. The energy storage battery 7 continues to supply power to ensure the operation of the system. The buzzer 9 sounds continuously to remind people to evacuate. The wireless communication mechanism 8 sends emergency status dispatch and maintenance information. The control unit 2 adjusts the emergency strategy and generates a recovery electronic report.
[0027] Preferably, the data acquisition and initialization process includes the following steps: S21: Connect the main body 1 of the early warning device to the transformer electrical control cable through the wiring port 5. The current sensor 6 collects the three-phase current data of the transformer in real time and transmits it to the control unit 2. S22: Environmental sensor 4 continuously monitors the humidity value of the transformer's operating environment, and the data is transmitted to control unit 2 for recording via the internal circuitry of the early warning device main body 1; S23: Mounting block 3 secures the main body 1 of the early warning device to the designated position on the transformer casing using bolts, ensuring the detection device is stable and the wiring port 5 is securely connected to the cable; S24: The energy storage battery 7 provides basic power support for the entire early warning system, while monitoring its own power status and feeding it back to the control unit 2; S25: The physical emergency control button 11 is in a normally closed standby state, and its contact status is transmitted in real time to the monitoring module of the control unit 2 through the internal circuit of the warning device body 1; S26: Wireless communication unit 8 initializes the communication protocol, establishes a 4G / 5G data transmission channel with the remote monitoring center, and completes network parameter configuration; S27: The protective plate 10 is fixed to the outside of the wiring port 5 by a buckle, forming a physical barrier to prevent the cable connection from being pulled by external force or dust from entering.
[0028] Preferably, the data preprocessing and validation process includes the following steps: S31: Control unit 2 performs digital filtering on the humidity data transmitted by environmental sensor 4 to eliminate environmental noise interference and generate standardized humidity values; S32: The raw current data collected by the current sensor 6 is subjected to Fourier transform analysis by the control unit 2 to extract the fundamental and harmonic component parameters; S33: The main body 1 of the early warning device has a built-in storage module that timestamps and stores the processed humidity and current data in partitions, supporting historical data backtracking; S34: Control unit 2 uploads key preprocessed data to the remote monitoring platform in real time via wireless communication mechanism 8, and updates the equipment status log synchronously; S35: When the external power supply is abnormal, the energy storage battery 7 automatically switches to emergency power supply mode to maintain the basic functions of the control unit 2 and the wireless communication mechanism 8; S36: The contact status of the physical emergency control button 11 is included in the system self-test process. When an abnormal trigger is detected, an audible and visual prompt is activated and the event is recorded. S37: The inner side of the protective plate 10 integrates a temperature and humidity sensor patch to monitor the local environmental parameters of the connection area of the wiring port 5 in real time and feed them back to the control unit 2.
[0029] Preferably, the fault diagnosis and classification process includes the following steps: S41: Control unit 2 determines whether the data from environmental sensor 4 exceeds the preset humidity threshold and marks the insulation moisture risk level accordingly; S42: The current data collected by the current sensor 6 is used by the control unit 2 to calculate the three-phase imbalance and identify overload, short circuit or harmonic abnormality modes; S43: Combining ambient humidity and current data, control unit 2 uses a fuzzy algorithm to comprehensively assess the risk of transformer insulation aging and generate a risk level of 0-3. S44: When a sudden current change is detected that exceeds the set threshold, the control unit 2 triggers the instantaneous fault capture program to record the waveform data at the moment the fault occurs; S45: The diagnostic results are transmitted to the buzzer 9 driver module via the internal bus of the main body 1 of the early warning device, preparing to execute the graded alarm strategy; S46: The physical emergency control button 11 is automatically activated by the system when a high-risk fault is diagnosed, triggering the highest level of warning and preparing to perform emergency operations; S47: The control unit 2 stores the fault diagnosis report in a structured data format and synchronizes it to the remote diagnostic platform via the wireless communication mechanism 8.
[0030] Preferably, the following steps are included when issuing and implementing early warning notifications: S51: Buzzer 9 executes audible and visual alarms of different frequencies according to the alarm level instructions issued by control unit 2, alerting maintenance personnel on site; S52: Wireless communication unit 8 sends detailed information on the fault type, occurrence time, and risk level to the remote monitoring center via an encrypted channel; S53: After receiving the early warning information, the remote monitoring center automatically generates an electronic work order containing the device location and fault description and pushes it to the maintenance APP; S54: The protective panel 10 remains locked during the warning execution period to prevent unauthorized personnel from touching the wiring port 5 and causing secondary failures; S55: The energy storage battery 7 maintains the continuous operation of the wireless communication mechanism 8 when the external power supply is interrupted; S56: When the physical emergency control button 11 is pressed, the system's highest priority command is forcibly triggered, cutting off unnecessary loads and initiating backup power switching; S57: Control unit 2 continuously monitors the delivery status of early warning notifications, records the sending time, recipient confirmation information, and generates a notification log.
[0031] Preferably, emergency response and recovery include the following steps: S61: After the physical emergency control button 11 is triggered, the control unit 2 immediately executes the preset emergency procedure; S62: The energy storage battery 7 provides continuous power support for emergency response, and the detection control unit 2, wireless communication mechanism 8, and buzzer 9 operate normally; S63: Buzzer 9 switches to continuous beeping mode, accompanied by flashing warning lights, to remind on-site personnel to evacuate to a safe area and await professional assistance; S64: Wireless communication unit 8 sends emergency status information to the remote monitoring center, initiates the emergency response process, and dispatches nearby maintenance personnel; S65: During emergency handling, the protective plate 10 maintains a stable connection at the wiring port 5 to prevent secondary accidents caused by cables falling off due to vibration or external force; S66: Control unit 2 automatically adjusts the emergency strategy according to the fault type; S67: After the emergency response is completed, the control unit 2 generates an electronic report containing the process, recovery time, and follow-up recommendations and uploads it to the remote platform.
[0032] Example 1 Background: A regional power grid company experienced multiple unplanned power outages due to transformer insulation aging. Traditional monitoring systems relied solely on current threshold alarms, failing to identify the risk of insulation dampness caused by environmental humidity. Furthermore, the lack of data preprocessing resulted in a fault misjudgment rate as high as 35%. To improve equipment reliability, the company introduced this online transformer status monitoring and fault early warning device and method, which utilizes environmental-electrical data collaborative analysis and a graded early warning mechanism.
[0033] Implementation steps: S71: The main body 1 of the early warning device is fixed to the designated position on the transformer shell by the mounting block 3, the wiring port 5 is connected to the transformer electrical control cable, the current sensor 6 collects three-phase current data in real time, the environmental sensor 4 continuously monitors the humidity value of the operating environment, the energy storage battery 7 initializes and completes the basic power supply, the wireless communication mechanism 8 establishes a 4G / 5G data transmission channel, and the protective plate 10 is fixed to the outside of the wiring port 5 by the buckle to form physical protection; S72: Control unit 2 performs digital filtering on the humidity data from environmental sensor 4 to eliminate environmental noise and generate standardized humidity values; the raw current data collected by current sensor 6 is analyzed by Fourier transform to extract fundamental and harmonic component parameters, and the processed data is timestamped and stored in partitions to support historical data backtracking. At the same time, the temperature and humidity patch inside the protective board 10 provides real-time feedback on the local environmental parameters of the wiring port 5. S73: Control Unit 2 determines the insulation moisture risk level based on a preset humidity threshold, calculates the three-phase imbalance by combining current data, identifies overload, short circuit or harmonic anomaly modes, comprehensively evaluates the insulation aging risk through a fuzzy algorithm, generates a risk level of 0-3, and triggers a transient fault capture program to record the current surge waveform. The diagnostic report is stored in a structured data format and synchronized to the remote diagnostic platform. S74: Buzzer 9 executes audible and visual alarms at different frequencies according to the alarm level; wireless communication mechanism 8 sends encrypted fault information to the remote monitoring center; automatically generates an electronic work order containing the equipment location and fault description and pushes it to the maintenance APP; the protective board 10 remains locked during the warning period; the energy storage battery 7 maintains the continuous operation of wireless communication mechanism 8 when the external power is interrupted; and the control unit 2 monitors the notification delivery status and records the log. S75: After the physical emergency control button 11 is triggered, the control unit 2 immediately executes the preset emergency procedure, cuts off the high-voltage side power supply and starts the backup transformer, the energy storage battery 7 continuously supplies power to ensure the operation of the system, the buzzer 9 switches to continuous sound mode and, together with the warning light, reminds people to evacuate, the wireless communication mechanism 8 sends emergency status information to dispatch nearby maintenance personnel, and after the emergency is completed, the control unit 2 generates an electronic report containing the processing process and subsequent suggestions and uploads it to the remote platform.
[0034] Data comparison table:
[0035] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims
1. A transformer condition online monitoring and fault early warning device; characterized in that: The device includes a main body (1), a control unit (2), an environmental sensor (4), a wiring port (5), a current sensor (6), a wireless communication mechanism (8), a buzzer (9), and a protective plate (10). The control unit (2) is located at the bottom of one side of the main body (1), the environmental sensor (4) is located on one side of the control unit (2), the wiring port (5) is located on one side of the main body (1), the current sensor (6) is located below the wiring port (5), the wireless communication mechanism (8) is located at the top of one side of the main body (1), the buzzer (9) is located on one side of the environmental sensor (4), and the protective plate (10) is located on one side of the wiring port (5).
2. The transformer condition online monitoring and fault early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Mounting blocks (3) are provided on both sides of the top of the main body (1) of the early warning device.
3. The online transformer status monitoring and fault early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An energy storage battery (7) is installed inside the top of the main body (1) of the early warning device, and a physical emergency control button (11) is installed on one side inside the top of the main body (1) of the early warning device.
4. The transformer condition online monitoring and fault early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body (1) of the early warning device is made of high-hardness aluminum alloy.
5. A transformer condition online monitoring and fault early warning device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: A method for online monitoring and fault early warning of transformer status includes the following steps: S11: Connect the transformer cable through the wiring port (5), and the current sensor (6) and the environmental sensor (4) collect current and ambient humidity data respectively. Fix the main body of the device with the mounting block (3), initialize the energy storage battery (7), the physical emergency control button (11) and the wireless communication mechanism (8), and the protective plate (10) protects the connection of the wiring port (5); S12: The control unit (2) filters or performs Fourier transform processing on the collected current and ambient humidity data and stores it, verifies the power of the energy storage battery (7) and the contact status of the physical emergency control button (11), uploads the pre-processed data through the wireless communication mechanism (8), and the temperature and humidity patch inside the protective plate (10) feeds back the local environmental parameters; S13: Control unit (2) analyzes the risk of transformer insulation aging and three-phase imbalance based on humidity threshold and current data, uses fuzzy algorithm to generate risk levels 0-3, captures current sudden waveform, triggers graded alarm strategy and stores diagnostic report, and activates the highest warning by physical emergency control button (11); S14: The buzzer (9) performs an audible and visual alarm according to the alarm level, the wireless communication mechanism (8) sends encrypted fault information to the remote center and generates an electronic work order, the protective plate (10) locks to prevent unauthorized touch, the energy storage battery (7) maintains communication during power failure, and the control unit (2) monitors the notification delivery status and records the log; S15: When the physical emergency control button (11) is triggered, the high-voltage side power supply is cut off and the backup transformer is started. The energy storage battery (7) provides continuous power supply to ensure the operation of the system. The buzzer (9) sounds continuously to remind people to evacuate. The wireless communication mechanism (8) sends emergency status dispatch and maintenance. The control unit (2) adjusts the emergency strategy and generates a recovery electronic report.
6. The method for online monitoring and fault early warning of transformer status according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data acquisition and initialization process includes the following steps: S21: Connect the main body (1) of the early warning device to the transformer power control cable through the wiring port (5), and the current sensor (6) collects the three-phase current data of the transformer in real time and transmits it to the control unit (2); S22: The environmental sensor (4) continuously monitors the humidity value of the transformer's operating environment. The data is transmitted to the control unit (2) via the internal circuit of the main body (1) of the early warning device for recording. S23: The mounting block (3) secures the main body (1) of the early warning device to the designated position on the transformer casing with bolts, ensuring the detection device is stable and the wiring port (5) is firmly connected to the cable; S24: The energy storage battery (7) provides basic power support for the entire early warning system, while monitoring its own power status and feeding it back to the control unit (2); S25: The physical emergency control button (11) is in a normally closed standby state, and its contact status is transmitted in real time to the monitoring module of the control unit (2) through the internal circuit of the main body (1) of the early warning device; S26: The wireless communication unit (8) initializes the communication protocol, establishes a 4G / 5G data transmission channel with the remote monitoring center, and completes network parameter configuration; S27: The protective plate (10) is fixed to the outside of the wiring port (5) by a buckle to form a physical barrier to prevent the cable connection from being pulled by external force or dust from entering.
7. The method for online monitoring and fault early warning of transformer status according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data preprocessing and validation process includes the following steps: S31: The control unit (2) performs digital filtering on the humidity data transmitted by the environmental sensor (4) to eliminate environmental noise interference and generate a standardized humidity value; S32: The raw current data collected by the current sensor (6) is subjected to Fourier transform analysis by the control unit (2) to extract the fundamental and harmonic component parameters; S33: The main body of the early warning device (1) has a built-in storage module that timestamps and stores the processed humidity and current data in partitions, supporting historical data backtracking; S34: The control unit (2) uploads key preprocessed data to the remote monitoring platform in real time through the wireless communication mechanism (8) and updates the equipment status log synchronously; S35: The energy storage battery (7) automatically switches to emergency power supply mode when the external power supply is abnormal, maintaining the basic functions of the control unit (2) and the wireless communication mechanism (8); S36: The contact status of the physical emergency control button (11) is included in the system self-test process. When an abnormal trigger is detected, an audible and visual prompt is activated and the event is recorded. S37: The inner side of the protective plate (10) integrates a temperature and humidity sensor patch to monitor the local environmental parameters of the connection area of the wiring port (5) in real time and feed them back to the control unit (2).
8. The method for online monitoring and fault early warning of transformer status according to claim 5, characterized in that: The following steps are included in fault diagnosis and classification: S41: The control unit (2) determines whether the data from the environmental sensor (4) exceeds the preset humidity threshold and marks the insulation moisture risk level; S42: The current data collected by the current sensor (6) is used by the control unit (2) to calculate the three-phase imbalance and identify overload, short circuit or harmonic abnormality modes; S43: Combining environmental humidity and current data, the control unit (2) uses a fuzzy algorithm to comprehensively assess the risk of transformer insulation aging and generate a risk level of 0-3. S44: When a sudden current change is detected that exceeds the set threshold, the control unit (2) triggers the instantaneous fault capture program to record the waveform data at the moment the fault occurs; S45: The diagnostic results are transmitted to the buzzer (9) drive module via the internal bus of the main body (1) of the early warning device, preparing to execute the graded alarm strategy; S46: The physical emergency control button (11) is automatically activated by the system when a high-risk fault is diagnosed, triggering the highest level of warning and preparing to perform emergency operations; S47: The control unit (2) stores the fault diagnosis report in a structured data format and synchronizes it to the remote diagnostic platform via the wireless communication mechanism (8).
9. The method for online monitoring and fault early warning of transformer status according to claim 5, characterized in that: The following steps are included when issuing and implementing early warning notifications: S51: The buzzer (9) executes different frequencies of audible and visual alarms according to the alarm level instructions issued by the control unit (2), and provides on-site notification to maintenance personnel; S52: The wireless communication agency (8) sends detailed information on the fault type, occurrence time, and risk level to the remote monitoring center via an encrypted channel; S53: After receiving the early warning information, the remote monitoring center automatically generates an electronic work order containing the device location and fault description and pushes it to the maintenance APP; S54: The protective panel (10) remains locked during the early warning execution period to prevent unauthorized personnel from touching the wiring port (5) and causing secondary failures; S55: The energy storage battery (7) maintains the continuous operation of the wireless communication mechanism (8) when the external power supply is interrupted; S56: When the physical emergency control button (11) is pressed, the highest priority command of the system is forcibly triggered, the unnecessary load is cut off and the backup power supply is switched on; S57: Control unit (2) continuously monitors the delivery status of early warning notifications, records the sending time, recipient confirmation information and generates notification logs.
10. The method for online monitoring and fault early warning of transformer status according to claim 5, characterized in that: Emergency response and recovery include the following steps: S61: After the physical emergency control button (11) is triggered, the control unit (2) immediately executes the preset emergency procedure; S62: The energy storage battery (7) provides continuous power support for emergency response, and the detection control unit (2), wireless communication mechanism (8) and buzzer (9) are operating normally; S63: The buzzer (9) switches to continuous beeping mode, and the warning light flashes to remind on-site personnel to evacuate to a safe area and wait for professional handling; S64: The wireless communication unit (8) sends emergency status information to the remote monitoring center, initiates the emergency response process, and dispatches nearby maintenance personnel; S65: The protective plate (10) maintains a stable connection at the wiring port (5) during emergency handling to prevent secondary accidents caused by the cable falling off due to vibration or external force; S66: Control unit (2) automatically adjusts emergency strategy according to fault type; S67: After the emergency response is completed, the control unit (2) generates an electronic report containing the process, recovery time, and follow-up recommendations and uploads it to the remote platform.