Rock slope protection monitoring and early warning device for ecological restoration of open stope

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of slope early warning, in particular to a rock slope protection monitoring and early warning device for ecological restoration of an open stope, which comprises a blocking net mechanism and a supporting rod mechanism, the blocking net mechanism comprises a shell, an elastic rope, a connecting rope, a steering part, a measuring part, an inserting shaft and a fixing nail; a plurality of shells are uniformly distributed; the inserting shaft is arranged at the bottom of the shell; the fixing nails are pre-embedded into the side slope; slots are formed in the top ends of the fixing nails; the inserting shaft is inserted into the inserting groove and is magnetically attracted with the fixing nail; the steering part is arranged in the shell; an opening a is formed in the shell; a plurality of strands of connecting ropes are wound on the steering part; the adjacent connecting ropes are connected with each other; the shells at the diagonal positions are connected through elastic ropes. The supporting rod mechanism is connected with the blocking net mechanism and used for driving the bottom of the blocking net mechanism to turn upwards to form a net bag structure. The slope angle monitoring device can play a monitoring role when the slope angle of the slope is larger than 55 degrees, and meanwhile can play a blocking role on falling rocks.

Description

A monitoring and early warning device for rock slope protection in open-pit mining ecological restoration Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope early warning technology, specifically to a monitoring and early warning device for rock slope protection in open-pit mining ecological restoration. Background Technology

[0003] Chinese patent CN119323864A discloses a slope monitoring and early warning device, which includes anti-slip components and a tension sensor. It monitors the deformation and cracking of the slope along the unfolding direction of the anti-slip components. If deformation and cracking occur, the deformation rope on the anti-slip components will be pulled or even broken. The force on the deformation rope will be detected by the tension sensor and the signal will be transmitted to the terminal to issue an early warning, thus playing the role of monitoring and early warning of transverse cracking of the slope.

[0004] However, the existing technologies mentioned above have the following drawbacks: they can only monitor transverse cracking of slopes and cannot effectively monitor longitudinal cracking; in addition, when the slope angle is greater than 55°, not only is cracking accompanied by rockfall, but the existing technologies mentioned above do not have the function of intercepting falling rocks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems existing in the background technology by proposing a monitoring and early warning device for rock slope protection in open-pit mining ecological restoration.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention: A monitoring and early warning device for rock slope protection in open-pit mining ecological restoration, comprising: a barrier net mechanism, which includes a shell, elastic ropes, connecting ropes, a turning part, a measuring part, a shaft, and fixing nails; multiple shells are provided and evenly distributed; the shaft is located at the bottom of the shell; the fixing nails are pre-embedded inside the slope; the top of the fixing nail has a slot; the shaft is inserted into the slot and magnetically attracted to the fixing nail; the turning part is located inside the shell; an opening a is provided on the shell; multiple connecting ropes are provided and wound around the turning part; adjacent connecting ropes are connected to each other; shells at diagonal positions are connected by elastic ropes; a strut mechanism, which includes a fixed seat, anchor rods, a flipping plate, a driving part, and a connecting plate; multiple anchor rods are provided and connected to the fixed seat; the anchor rods are inserted into the slope; the fixed seat has a groove; the flipping plate is rotatably connected to the groove through a rotating shaft; the driving part is located on the fixed seat and connected to the flipping plate; the flipping plate is connected to two shells below the barrier net mechanism through the connecting plate; the fixed seat is connected to two shells above the barrier net mechanism through the connecting plate.

[0007] Preferably, the outer casing has an opening b; the measuring part includes a mounting block and a sensor; the mounting block is located inside the outer casing and faces the opening b; the sensor is located on the mounting block for measuring the distance between adjacent outer casings.

[0008] Preferably, the housing is made of a transparent material; the interior of the housing contains a warning light and a controller.

[0009] Preferably, the steering unit includes a main shaft, a connecting box, and a torsion spring; the connecting box is located inside the housing; the main shaft is rotatably located inside the housing and extends into the connecting box; the main shaft is connected to the inner wall of the connecting box via the torsion spring.

[0010] Preferably, the top of the outer casing has a circular opening; the top of the main shaft has a buffer groove; a buffer rod is inserted into the buffer groove; a buffer spring is provided in the buffer groove; one end of the buffer spring is rotatably connected to the buffer rod; and a buffer plate is connected to one end of the buffer rod that passes through the circular opening.

[0011] Preferably, the surface of the buffer plate is provided with a number of elastic pleats; the surface of the elastic pleats is provided with a wear-resistant coating.

[0012] Preferably, the drive unit includes a housing, a motor, gear a, and gear b; the housing is mounted on a fixed base; gear a is connected to a rotating shaft; the motor is located inside the housing and its output end is connected to gear b; gear b meshes with gear a.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: By providing a barrier net mechanism and a support rod mechanism, when cracks appear on the slope due to a slope angle greater than 55° (longitudinal or transverse), the barrier net mechanism can block most of the falling rocks, thereby playing a role in slope protection; the cracks will cause the outer shell of the barrier net mechanism to shift, resulting in an increase in the distance between adjacent outer shells. At this time, the sensor controls the warning light to issue an alarm to notify the staff, and at the same time feeds back to the controller. The controller controls the drive unit to work so that the part of the barrier net mechanism near the bottom flips upward to form a "net" structure, which facilitates the blocking of a small number of rocks sliding down from above, thereby significantly reducing the probability of safety hazards; at the same time, whether the cracks on the slope are transverse or longitudinal, they can cause the outer shell to shift, resulting in the cracks being detected, thereby significantly increasing the detection range.

[0014] By incorporating a buffer plate, buffer rod, and buffer spring, when a falling rock impacts the buffer plate, the buffer plate compresses the buffer spring via the buffer rod, thus buffering the falling rock and ensuring the stability of the "net" structure formed by the barrier net mechanism in blocking falling rocks. At the same time, the downward force of the falling rock will increase the distance between adjacent shells, causing the connecting rope to pull the main shaft to rotate. Under the elastic force of the torsion spring and the elastic rope, the downward force can be further buffered, further ensuring the stability of the "net" structure. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the barrier net mechanism and the strut mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention (I); Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the barrier net mechanism and the strut mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention (II); Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of section A in Figure 3; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the outer shell in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of section B in Figure 5; Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the buffer plate and the main shaft in an embodiment of the present invention. Connecting structure diagram; Reference numerals: 1. Fixed base; 2. Flip plate; 3. Housing; 4. Outer shell; 401. Opening a; 402. Opening b; 5. Connecting rope; 6. Buffer plate; 7. Elastic rope; 8. Connecting plate; 9. Anchor bolt; 10. Fixing nail; 1001. Slot; 11. Gear b; 12. Motor; 13. Rotating shaft; 14. Gear a; 15. Main shaft; 16. Torsion spring; 17. Warning light; 18. Buffer rod; 19. Buffer spring; 20. Sensor; 21. Mounting block; 22. Insert shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0016] Example 1, as shown in Figures 1-7, presents a rock slope protection monitoring and early warning device for ecological restoration of open-pit mines, comprising a barrier net mechanism and a support rod mechanism. The barrier net mechanism includes a shell 4, an elastic rope 7, a connecting rope 5, a turning part, a measuring part, an insert shaft 22, and a fixing nail 10. Multiple insert shafts 22 are evenly distributed on the shell 4. The insert shaft 22 is located at the bottom of the shell 4. The fixing nail 10 is embedded inside the slope. A slot 1001 is formed at the top of the fixing nail 10. The insert shaft 22 is inserted into the slot 1001 and magnetically connected to the fixing nail 10. The suction ensures the stability of the insertion of the shaft 22 into the slot 1001; the turning part is located inside the outer shell 4; the outer shell 4 has an opening a401; the connecting rope 5 has multiple strands and is wound around the turning part; adjacent connecting ropes 5 are interconnected; the outer shells 4, which are diagonally positioned, are connected by elastic ropes 7, which include but are not limited to TPU / PU elastic ropes 7, whose main material is thermoplastic polyurethane; it has the characteristics of being wear-resistant, oil-resistant, and having better aging resistance than latex, high transparency, and good elasticity; the outer shell 4 has an opening b402; the measuring part includes... Includes mounting block 21 and sensor 20 (sensor 20 includes, but is not limited to, laser rangefinder sensor 20); mounting block 21 is located inside housing 4 and faces opening b402; sensor 20 is mounted on mounting block 21 for measuring distance between adjacent housings 4; housing 4 is made of transparent material; warning light 17 and controller are located inside housing 4; steering unit includes spindle 15, connecting box and torsion spring 16; connecting box is located inside housing 4; spindle 15 is rotatably located inside housing 4 and extends into connecting box; spindle 15 is driven by torsion... The force spring 16 is connected to the inner wall of the connecting box; the strut mechanism includes a fixed seat 1, anchor rods 9, a flipping plate 2, a drive unit, and a connecting plate 8; multiple anchor rods 9 are provided and connected to the fixed seat 1; the anchor rods 9 are inserted into the slope; a groove is provided on the fixed seat 1; the flipping plate 2 is rotatably connected to the groove through a rotating shaft 13; the drive unit is provided on the fixed seat 1 and connected to the flipping plate 2; the flipping plate 2 is connected to two outer shells 4 at the lower position of the barrier net mechanism through the connecting plate 8; the fixed seat 1 is connected to two outer shells 4 at the upper position of the barrier net mechanism through the connecting plate 8.

[0017] In this embodiment, multiple anchor rods 9 and fixing nails 10 are inserted into the slope, which, together with the barrier net mechanism, can play a certain role in reinforcing the slope.

[0018] It should be noted that when the slope angle is greater than 55°, a tensile stress zone is mainly generated behind the slope crest. When the tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength of the rock mass, tensile cracks will occur. The steeper the slope angle (55 degrees), the larger and more concentrated this tensile stress zone will be, and the easier it will be for the rock mass to crack. At the slope toe, a shear stress concentration zone will be formed. The steeper the slope angle, the more intense the stress concentration here, which may cause the rock mass to be crushed or shear cracks to be generated, which in turn will cause the cracks at the slope crest to further expand. Therefore, when the slope angle is greater than 55°, the slope is very likely to develop cracks.

[0019] In this embodiment, when cracks appear on the slope, the barrier net mechanism can block most of the falling rocks, thus providing slope protection. The fixing nails 10 near the crack will move away from each other, causing the outer shell 4 to move. This pulls the connecting rope 5 connecting the adjacent outer shells 4. Since the connecting rope 5 is not elastic and cannot be stretched, it pulls the main shaft 15 to rotate. The rotation of the main shaft 15 will drive the torsion spring 16 to rotate, causing the torsion spring 16 to generate torsional force. At this time, the sensor 20 will detect that the distance between adjacent outer shells 4 is greater than a threshold and feed it back to the controller. The controller controls the warning light 17 to sound an alarm and controls the drive unit to work, causing the flip plate 2 to flip upward, which in turn drives the bottom of the barrier net mechanism to flip upward. This causes the part of the barrier net mechanism near the bottom to flip upward, forming a "net" structure, which helps to block the falling rocks from above, thereby significantly reducing the probability of safety hazards.

[0020] When a rock falls into the "net" structure, the downward force will increase the distance between the adjacent outer shells 4, causing the connecting rope 5 to pull the main shaft 15 to rotate. Under the elastic force of the torsion spring 16 and the elastic rope 7, the downward force can be buffered, ensuring the stability of the "net" structure.

[0021] It should be noted that when multiple cracks appear in the high part of the slope, the mesh accuracy of the barrier net mechanism is greatly reduced because the outer shell 4 at the cracks is far apart. As a result, stones can slide down through the barrier net mechanism. However, the lower barrier net mechanism is lifted and flipped upwards, so the mesh accuracy is not affected and the function of blocking falling rocks can be achieved.

[0022] If cracks appear at the bottom of the slope, when the bottom of the barrier net structure flips up to form a "net bag" structure, the rocks that were originally blocked by the barrier net structure may slide down. However, due to the low height, the impact is minimal, and the warning light 17 will issue an alarm in advance to notify nearby personnel to evacuate.

[0023] Example 2, as shown in Figures 5-6, presents a rock slope protection monitoring and early warning device for ecological restoration of open-pit mines. Compared with Example 1, this example further includes a circular opening at the top of the outer shell 4; a buffer groove at the top of the main shaft 15; a buffer rod 18 inserted into the buffer groove; a buffer spring 19 inside the buffer groove; one end of the buffer spring 19 rotatably connected to the buffer rod 18; a buffer plate 6 connected to the end of the buffer rod 18 passing through the circular opening; a plurality of elastic folds on the surface of the buffer plate 6; a wear-resistant coating on the surface of the elastic folds, the elastic folds being made of rubber material, and the wear-resistant coating including but not limited to a polyurethane coating.

[0024] In this embodiment, when the falling rock is blocked by the "net" structure, the falling rock will hit the buffer plate 6. Under the action of the elastic folds on the surface of the buffer plate 6, it can play a preliminary buffering function. At the same time, the impact of the buffer plate 6 will compress the buffer spring 19 through the buffer rod 18, thereby realizing a further buffering function of the falling force of the falling rock and further ensuring the stability of the "net" structure.

[0025] Example 3, as shown in Figures 3-4, presents a rock slope protection monitoring and early warning device for ecological restoration of open-pit mines. Compared with Example 2, this example further details the structure of the drive unit. The drive unit includes a housing 3, a motor 12, gear a14, and gear b11. The housing 3 is mounted on a fixed base 1. Gear a14 is connected to a rotating shaft 13. The motor 12 is located inside the housing 3, and its output end is connected to gear b11. Gear b11 meshes with gear a14.

[0026] In this embodiment, the motor 12 drives the gear b11 to rotate, the gear b11 drives the gear a14 to rotate, the gear a14 drives the rotating shaft 13 to rotate, the rotating shaft 13 drives the flipping plate 2 to flip upward, and the flipping plate 2 drives the bottom end of the barrier net mechanism to flip upward through the connecting plate 8, so that the bottom part of the barrier net mechanism flips to form a "net" structure.

[0027] In summary, when cracks appear on the slope, the barrier net mechanism can block most of the falling rocks, thus providing slope protection. The fixing nails 10 near the crack will move away from each other, causing the outer shell 4 to move. This pulls the connecting rope 5 between adjacent outer shells 4. Since the connecting rope 5 is inelastic and cannot be stretched, it pulls the main shaft 15 to rotate. The rotation of the main shaft 15 drives the torsion spring 16 to rotate, generating a torsional force (when the insertion shaft 22 at the bottom of the outer shell 4 separates from the slot 1001 on the fixing nail 10, the torsional force causes the displaced outer shell 4 to return to its original position). At this time, the sensor 20 detects that the distance between adjacent outer shells 4 is greater than a threshold and sends feedback to the controller. The controller controls the warning light 17 to sound an alarm and simultaneously controls the drive unit to operate (the warning light 17 not only notifies nearby personnel to evacuate quickly but also indicates the location of the crack on the slope). This causes the motor 12 to drive the gear b11 to rotate, and the gear b11 drives the gear a14 to rotate. Wheel a14 drives shaft 13 to rotate, shaft 13 drives flip plate 2 to flip upward, which in turn drives the bottom of the barrier net mechanism to flip upward, so that the part of the barrier net mechanism near the bottom flips upward to form a "net" structure (at this time, the insertion shaft 22 at the bottom of the outer shell 4 separates from the slot 1001 on the fixing nail 10), which facilitates the blocking of stones sliding down from above, thereby significantly reducing the probability of safety hazards. Since the outer shell 4 on the barrier net mechanism is distributed in both the horizontal and vertical directions, cracks on the slope, whether horizontal or vertical, can cause the outer shell 4 to shift, resulting in the cracks being detected, thus significantly increasing the detection range.

[0028] When a rock falls into the "net" structure, it impacts the buffer plate 6. The elastic folds on the surface of the buffer plate 6 provide initial cushioning. Simultaneously, the impact on the buffer plate 6 compresses the buffer spring 19 via the buffer rod 18, further cushioning the falling force and ensuring the stability of the "net" structure. At the same time, the falling force increases the distance between adjacent shells 4, causing the connecting rope 5 to pull the main shaft 15 to rotate. Under the elastic force of the torsion spring 16 and the elastic rope 7, the falling force is further cushioned, further ensuring the stability of the "net" structure.

[0029] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring and early warning device for rock slope protection in open-pit mining ecological restoration, characterized in that, include: The barrier net mechanism includes a shell (4), an elastic rope (7), a connecting rope (5), a turning part, a measuring part, a shaft (22), and a fixing nail (10); the shell (4) has multiple shafts evenly distributed; the shaft (22) is located at the bottom of the shell (4); the fixing nail (10) is embedded in the slope; the top of the fixing nail (10) has a slot (1001); the shaft (22) is inserted into the slot (1001) and magnetically attracted to the fixing nail (10); the turning part is located inside the shell (4); the shell (4) has an opening a (401); the connecting rope (5) has multiple strands and is wound around the turning part; adjacent connecting ropes (5) are connected to each other; forming a diagonal. The outer shell (4) of the position is connected by an elastic rope (7); the strut mechanism includes a fixed seat (1), an anchor rod (9), a flip plate (2), a drive unit and a connecting plate (8); multiple anchor rods (9) are provided and connected to the fixed seat (1); the anchor rods (9) are inserted into the slope; a groove is provided on the fixed seat (1); the flip plate (2) is rotatably connected to the groove through a rotating shaft (13); the drive unit is provided on the fixed seat (1) and connected to the flip plate (2); the flip plate (2) is connected to the two outer shells (4) at the lower position of the barrier net mechanism through the connecting plate (8); the fixed seat (1) is connected to the two outer shells (4) at the upper position of the barrier net mechanism through the connecting plate (8).

2. The monitoring and early warning device for rock slope protection in open-pit mining ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, An opening b (402) is provided on the outer casing (4); the measuring part includes a mounting block (21) and a sensor (20); the mounting block (21) is located inside the outer casing (4) and faces the opening b (402); the sensor (20) is located on the mounting block (21) for measuring the distance between adjacent outer casings (4).

3. The monitoring and early warning device for rock slope protection in open-pit mining ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer casing (4) is made of transparent material; inside the outer casing (4) are a warning light (17) and a controller.

4. The monitoring and early warning device for rock slope protection in open-pit mining ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steering unit includes a main shaft (15), a connecting box, and a torsion spring (16); the connecting box is located inside the housing (4); the main shaft (15) is rotatably located inside the housing (4) and extends into the connecting box; the main shaft (15) is connected to the inner wall of the connecting box via the torsion spring (16).

5. A monitoring and early warning device for rock slope protection in open-pit mining ecological restoration according to claim 4, characterized in that, The top of the outer shell (4) has a circular opening; the top of the main shaft (15) has a buffer groove; a buffer rod (18) is inserted in the buffer groove; a buffer spring (19) is provided in the buffer groove; one end of the buffer spring (19) is rotatably connected to the buffer rod (18); the end of the buffer rod (18) that passes through the circular opening is connected to a buffer plate (6).

6. A monitoring and early warning device for rock slope protection in open-pit mining ecological restoration according to claim 5, characterized in that, The surface of the buffer plate (6) is provided with several elastic pleats; the surface of the elastic pleats is provided with a wear-resistant coating.

7. A monitoring and early warning device for rock slope protection in open-pit mining ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive unit includes a housing (3), a motor (12), a gear a (14), and a gear b (11); the housing (3) is mounted on a fixed base (1); the gear a (14) is connected to a rotating shaft (13); the motor (12) is located inside the housing (3) and its output end is connected to the gear b (11); the gear b (11) meshes with the gear a (14).

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