Fuse and excitation fuse

Abstract

The fuse comprises a shell, a melt, a first electric conductor and a second electric conductor, the first electric conductor and the second electric conductor are insulated from each other, the melt is conductively connected between the first electric conductor and the second electric conductor in series, and a circuit in which the first electric conductor, the melt and the second electric conductor are sequentially connected in series and conducted is formed; the shell is positioned at the peripheries of the first conductor, the melt and the second conductor; one ends of the first conductor and the second conductor are respectively positioned outside the shell; part of the shell is made of metal, and heat energy of the melt and the conductor is conducted to at least one metal part of the shell and dissipated to the outside of the shell through the metal part; when the fuse works, current flows through a circuit formed by connecting the first conductor, the fuse body and the second conductor in series. The fuse has good heat dissipation performance and breaking capacity, through integration of the excitation assembly, the fuse has two protection mechanisms of hot melting fusing and mechanical breaking, and the working reliability of the fuse is improved.

Description

A fuse and an excitation fuse Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of circuit protection, specifically to fuses and excitation fuses with good heat dissipation performance. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, a typical fuse structure includes an insulated housing, a fusible element, and terminals at both ends of the housing. The housing is generally filled with an arc-quenching medium. In existing fuse structures, the housing and fusible element do not contact each other; only the terminals contact the cover plates at both ends of the housing. Therefore, existing fuse structures have low heat dissipation efficiency. When the fuse is operating, current flows through the terminals and the fusible element. The current flowing through the fusible element generates a large amount of heat, causing the temperature to rise. When the fuse carries a larger current, the temperature rise will exceed the predetermined value, rendering it unusable. A larger housing or a change in the fusing characteristics would be necessary to achieve this. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fuse and an excitation fuse with good heat dissipation performance. By using a housing with good heat dissipation performance and conductive plates with large heat dissipation surface areas at both ends of the fuse element, the overall heat dissipation performance of the fuse is improved, thereby increasing the operating current of the fuse.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a fuse with good heat dissipation performance, comprising a conductor and a fusible element. The conductor includes a first conductor and a second conductor that are insulated from each other. The fusible element is electrically connected in series between the first conductor and the second conductor, forming a circuit in which the first conductor, the fusible element, and the second conductor are connected in series and are conductive. The ends of the first conductor and the second conductor away from the fusible element serve as the two terminals of the fuse, respectively. A shell is provided on the outer periphery of the first conductor and the second conductor located between the two terminals. The shell has a cavity, and the fusible element is located in the cavity. Part of the shell is made of metal. The heat energy of the fusible element and the conductor is conducted to at least one metal part of the shell and dissipated to the external environment of the shell through the metal part. The current of the fuse during operation flows through the circuit in which the first conductor, the fusible element, and the second conductor are connected in series.

[0005] Preferably, the melt is directly connected in series with the first conductor and the second conductor, or the melt is connected in series with the first conductor and the second conductor through the metal part of the outer shell, forming a circuit in which the first conductor, the melt, and the second conductor are connected in series and are conductive.

[0006] Preferably, the housing structure satisfies the following: at least one cross section of the housing perpendicular to the current direction of the conductor has an insulating cross section portion, and the insulating cross section portion allows the current when the fuse is working to flow through the circuit in which the first conductor, the fusible element, and the second conductor are connected in series.

[0007] Preferably, the outer shell is formed by the mating of at least two shell structures; at least one portion of the shell structure is made of the metal material, and the insulating cross-section portion is formed by the shell structure itself, by providing an insulating element between the mating surfaces of the shell structures, or by providing an insulating element between the shell structure and the contact surface of the conductor.

[0008] Preferably, when all the shell structures are made of metal, the outer shell formed by the shell structure is insulated from and thermally conductive to one or both of the first and second conductors, and the cross-section at the contact point between the outer shell and the conductor includes the insulating cross-section portion, so that the outer shell is insulated from the conductor connected thereto; or, the shell structure electrically connected to the first conductor is insulated from the shell structure electrically connected to the second conductor, and the cross-section at the insulating location forms the insulating cross-section portion, so that the two ends of the outer shell are insulated from each other.

[0009] Preferably, an insulating and thermally conductive insulating element is provided between the first conductor and the second conductor and the housing structure disposed thereon, and the housing structure with the insulating element and the corresponding conductor are insulatedly connected.

[0010] Preferably, when the connection is fixed by a conductive screw, an insulating sleeve is provided between the housing structure with the insulating element and the corresponding conductor, and insulating washers are provided at both ends of the insulating sleeve. The screw passes through the insulating washers and the insulating sleeve, thus insulating and isolating the screw from the housing structure and the corresponding conductor.

[0011] Preferably, an insulating element is provided between the housing structure electrically connected to the first conductor and the housing structure electrically connected to the second conductor.

[0012] Preferably, the melt is located between the shell structures that are electrically connected to the first conductor and the second conductor, and both ends of the melt are electrically connected to the shell structures on the first conductor and the second conductor, respectively. The shell structures are combined with the insulating member to form the cavity in the outer shell, and the ends of the first conductor and the second conductor located in the outer shell that are close to each other are insulated from each other.

[0013] Preferably, at least one of the housing structures is entirely made of insulating material, or at least one housing structure includes an insulating material portion and a metal material portion, or all of the housing structures include an insulating material portion and a metal material portion, and the metal material portion of at least one of the housing structures is directly electrically connected to one of the conductors or connected through a thermally conductive insulating component.

[0014] Preferably, when the housing structure includes a metal part and an insulating part, the housing structure is such that: the two ends of the housing structure along the current direction of the circuit formed by the conductor and the melt in series are respectively the insulating part and the metal part; or the two ends of the housing structure are metal parts and the part between the two ends is an insulating part; or the two ends of the housing structure along the current direction of the circuit formed by the conductor and the melt in series are the insulating part and the part between the two ends is a metal part.

[0015] Preferably, the inner surface of the housing structure facing the inside of the outer shell is made of insulating material, while the outer surface facing the outside of the outer shell and the remaining inner surface are made of metal.

[0016] Preferably, when at least one shell structure is made of insulating material, the shell structure made of metal is spliced ​​adjacent to the shell structure made of insulating material, or, the shell structure made of insulating material has a through hole, and the shell structure made of metal is disposed in the through hole of the shell structure made of insulating material, the cavity of the formed shell is filled with an arc-extinguishing medium, and the shell structure made of metal is in contact with the arc-extinguishing medium.

[0017] Preferably, the shell structure, which is made entirely of insulating material, and the conductor directly connected to it are integrally formed by injection molding.

[0018] Preferably, the cavity of the outer shell is filled with an arc-extinguishing medium, and the melt is located in the arc-extinguishing medium.

[0019] Preferably, a heat dissipation structure is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the shell structure.

[0020] This invention also provides an excitation fuse. An excitation housing is provided around the outer periphery of the first or second conductor outside the fuse's outer casing. An excitation source and a piston are disposed within the excitation housing. The piston is positioned corresponding to the first or second conductor within the excitation housing. The signal receiving end of the excitation source is electrically connected to one end of the first and second conductors connected to both ends of the fuse to form a self-excitation triggering circuit, providing a trigger signal to the excitation source. When the fuse melts and forms a break, completely isolating and disconnecting the circuit formed by the first conductor, the fuse, and the second conductor, the excitation source does not operate. When the fuse melts and forms a break, with an arc remaining at the break, preventing the circuit formed by the first conductor, the fuse, and the second conductor from being disconnected, the self-excitation triggering circuit triggers the excitation source to operate, releasing high-pressure gas as a driving force to drive the piston to displace and disconnect the corresponding first or second conductor, completely disconnecting the circuit formed by the first conductor, the fuse, and the second conductor.

[0021] The fuse of this invention employs a housing made of conductive material with excellent heat dissipation properties. This allows the temperature of the fusible element and the first and second conductors at both ends of the fusible element to be dissipated through the metal material of the housing, thus improving the fuse's heat dissipation performance. Furthermore, heat dissipation structures, such as heat sink fins, are provided on the housing to further enhance the fuse's heat dissipation performance. A fuse with excellent heat dissipation performance can increase its breaking current.

[0022] By integrating the excitation source and piston into the fuse section, the overall heat dissipation performance of the fuse is improved, making it suitable for a wider range of applications. In addition to the conventional overload current and short-circuit current requirements of fuses, mechanical disconnection is added in cases of abnormal conditions or when thermal melting is not possible. This combination of thermal melting and mechanical disconnection broadens the fuse's applicability, increases its response speed, improves heat dissipation, and expands its breaking range. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure, in which the shell structure is made of conductive material.

[0024] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the structure shown in Figure 1.

[0025] Figure 3 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the connection structure of the conductive screw in Figure 2.

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another structure in which the shell structure is made of conductive material.

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure shown in Figure 4.

[0028] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the conductive connection between the melt and the shell structure, with the shell structure being part of the conductor.

[0029] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the structure shown in Figure 6.

[0030] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which at least one shell structure forming the outer shell is made of a non-metallic material.

[0031] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the structure shown in Figure 8.

[0032] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an excitation fuse formed by integrating an excitation component on the fuse.

[0033] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the fuse structure after the shell structure with the inner part being insulated and the outer part being metal is connected.

[0034] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a structure with an insulating cross section between the two ends of the outer shell.

[0035] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the AA section of Figure 12.

[0036] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which an insulating element is installed between one end of the outer shell and the conductor.

[0037] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the AA section of Figure 14.

[0038] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the insulating material is provided at the center of the first shell structure and the insulating components are provided at both ends of the second shell structure between the conductive body and the conductor.

[0039] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the AA section of Figure 16.

[0040] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the BB section of Figure 16.

[0041] Figure label:

[0042] 1. Outer shell; 2. First conductor; 3. Melt; 4. Second conductor; 5. First shell structure; 6. Second shell structure; 7. Third shell structure; 8. Fourth shell structure; 9. Insulating component; 10. Arc extinguishing medium; 11. Heat dissipation fins; 12. Screw; 13. Insulating sleeve; 14. Nut; 15. Insulating washer; 16. First shell structure; 17. Second shell structure; 18. Contact structure; 19. Insulating component; 20. Cover plate; 21. First shell structure; 22. Second shell structure; 23. Third shell structure; 24. Fourth shell structure; 25. Insulating component; 26. Cover plate; 27. Second shell structure. 28. Body structure, 29. Third shell structure, 30. Fourth shell structure, 33. Excitation shell, 34. Excitation source, 35. PCB printed circuit board, 36. Wire, 37. First insulating material part, 38. First metal material part, 39. Second insulating material part, 40. Second metal material part, 41. Insulating material part, 42. Cross section, 43. Insulating component, 44. Cross section, 45. First shell structure, 46. Second shell structure, 47. Insulating material part, 48. Insulating component, 49. Cross section, 50. Insulating cross section, 51. Cross section, 52. Insulating cross section, 53. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention provides a fuse with good heat dissipation performance, comprising a conductor and a fusible element. The conductor includes a first conductor and a second conductor that are insulated from each other. The fusible element is electrically connected in series between the first conductor and the second conductor, forming a circuit in which the first conductor, the fusible element, and the second conductor are connected in series and are conductive. The ends of the first conductor and the second conductor away from the fusible element serve as the two terminals of the fuse, respectively. A housing is provided on the outer periphery of the first conductor and the second conductor located between the two terminals. The housing has a cavity in which the fusible element is located. Part of the housing is made of metal. The heat energy of the fusible element and the conductor is conducted to at least one metal part of the housing and dissipated to the external environment through the metal part. The current when the fuse is working flows through the circuit in which the first conductor, the fusible element, and the second conductor are connected in series.

[0044] For ease of assembly, the housing can be formed by connecting at least two housing structures; at least one housing structure may have a portion made of metal. Regardless of whether the housing is entirely or partially made of metal, the heat energy from the fuse element and conductor must be able to be conducted to the metal portion of the housing, and then dissipated to the external environment via the metal portion. Furthermore, when the fuse is in operation, the current must flow through the circuit formed by the first conductor, the fuse element, and the second conductor connected in series. For example, this can be achieved by directly connecting the metal portion of the housing to the first conductor and / or the first conductor, or by placing a thermally conductive insulating element between the metal portion of the housing and the first conductor and / or the first conductor; alternatively, the heat energy from the fuse element and the first and second conductors can be conducted to the metal portion of the housing through an arc-extinguishing medium filled in the housing cavity, and then dissipated to the external environment via the metal portion. The structure for conducting the heat energy from the fuse element and the first and second conductors to the metal portion of the housing can be achieved through one of these structures or a combination of multiple structures.

[0045] The arc-extinguishing medium can be made of materials with good thermal conductivity, such as quartz sand or air.

[0046] The current must flow through the circuit formed by the first conductor, the melt, and the second conductor connected in series. This can be achieved by the following structure: the melt is directly conductive and connected in series between the first conductor and the second conductor; or, the melt is connected in series between the first conductor and the second conductor through the metal part of the outer shell, forming a circuit in which the first conductor, the melt, and the second conductor are connected in series and are conductive.

[0047] The molten material is connected in series between the first and second conductors through the metal part of the outer shell, forming a circuit in which the first conductor, the molten material, and the second conductor are connected in series and are conductive. For example, a shell structure made entirely of metal connected to the first conductor and a shell structure made entirely of metal connected to the second conductor can be connected by the molten material. The shell structures on the first and second conductors are insulated from each other, and the ends of the first and second conductors that are close to each other in the outer shell are insulated. This allows current to flow through the series circuit formed by the first conductor, the shell structure on the first conductor, the molten material, the shell structure on the second conductor, and the second conductor. In this structure, the metal shell structure can be regarded as a conductive connector between the first and second conductors.

[0048] The following describes preferred embodiments in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The directional terms used are for reference only and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of this invention.

[0049] The fuse, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, includes a housing 1. A first conductor 2, a fusible element 3, and a second conductor 4 are sequentially arranged within the housing 1, connected in series to form a fuse circuit. The first conductor 2, fusible element 3, and second conductor 4 can be connected electrically in sequence by welding, riveting, screws, etc. The fusible element 3 is located within the housing 1 and has a narrow neck. Both the first conductor 2 and the second conductor 4 are made of conductive material and have a flat plate structure. They are connected in series with the fusible element 3 as the connection ends of the fusible element. Simultaneously, one end of the first conductor 2 and the second conductor 4, located outside the housing 1, serves as the wiring terminal of the fuse, allowing connection to external protection circuits or devices. Because the performance of the fuse constrains the dimensions of the fusible element 3, a plate-shaped first conductor and a plate-shaped conductor are used to connect to the fusible element 3 to improve the fuse's heat dissipation performance and the strength of the wiring terminals.

[0050] The outer casing 1 is assembled from a first casing structure 5, a second casing structure 6, a third casing structure 7, and a fourth casing structure 8, all connected in a sealed manner. The first casing structure 5, the second casing structure 6, the third casing structure 7, and the fourth casing structure 8 are all made of metal with good heat dissipation properties. The first casing structure 5 and the second casing structure 6 are respectively disposed around the outer periphery of the molten material 3 and the first and second conductive bodies 2 and 4 connected to both ends of the molten material 3. An insulating element 9 with good thermal conductivity is disposed between the contact surfaces of the first casing structure 5 and the second casing structure 6 and the first and second conductive bodies, respectively. The insulating element 9 is a plate-like structure, which provides electrical insulation between the outer casing 1 and the first and second conductive bodies 2 and 4. The molten material 3 is located in a sealed cavity within the outer casing 1 formed by the connection of the first casing structure 5 and the second casing structure 6. Heat dissipation is achieved through the first and second conductive bodies 2 and 4, and the first and second casing structures 5 and 6 disposed around their outer peripheries, thus improving the heat dissipation performance of the fuse. By employing an insulating component 9 with excellent insulation and thermal conductivity, the heat energy on the first and second conductors can be effectively conducted to the first and second housing structures, and then dissipated through the first and second housing structures. Heat dissipation fins 11 are provided on the outer surfaces of the first housing structure 5 and the second housing structure 6.

[0051] To further expand the internal cavity of the outer shell 1, through holes are respectively formed in the first shell structure 5 and the second shell structure 6, penetrating the cavity inside the outer shell 1. The third shell structure 7 and the fourth shell structure 8 are respectively disposed on the surfaces of the first shell structure 5 and the second shell structure 6 away from the first and second conductors, and respectively seal the through holes in the first shell structure 5 and the second shell structure 6. The outer shell 1 is formed by the first shell structure 5, the second shell structure 6, the third shell structure 7, and the fourth shell structure 8, thereby increasing the volume of the internal cavity of the outer shell 1. To improve heat dissipation performance, heat dissipation gaps are maintained between the first shell structure 5, the second shell structure 6, the third shell structure 7, and the fourth shell structure 8 outside the cavity of the outer shell 1.

[0052] The first housing structure 5 and the second housing structure 6 are connected and fixed to the first conductor 2 and the second conductor 4 by screws or rivets. The third housing structure 7 and the fourth housing structure 8 are connected and fixed to the first housing structure 5 and the second housing structure 6, respectively. Heat dissipation fins 11 are also provided on the outer surface of the third housing structure 7 and the fourth housing structure 8.

[0053] When the first housing structure 5 and the second housing structure 6 are connected by conductive screws 12, taking the connection and fixation of the first housing structure 5 and the second housing structure 6 with the first conductor 2 as an example, referring to Figure 3, an insulating sleeve 13 is provided at the through hole for the conductive screw 12 to pass through on the first housing structure 5, the second housing structure 6, the first conductor 2 and the insulating component 9. The conductive screw 12 is inserted into the insulating sleeve 13 and locked in the insulating sleeve 13 by the nut 14 to fix the first housing structure 5, the second housing structure 6, the first conductor 2 and the insulating component 9. Insulating washers 15 are respectively provided between the head of the conductive screw 12 and the end of the insulating sleeve 13, and between the nut 14 and the other end of the insulating sleeve 13. The insulating washers 15 and the insulating sleeve 13 are combined to insulate the conductive screw 12 and nut 14 from the first housing structure 5, the second housing structure 6, and the first conductor 2. This ensures complete insulation between the first housing structure 5, the second housing structure 6, and the first conductor 2, and creates an insulating relationship between the first conductor 2 and the outer shell 1. It also ensures that there is no conduction between the second conductor 4 and the first conductor 2 through any other component other than the fuse 3, such as the outer shell 1. This ensures that the circuit of the fuse is formed by the first conductor 2, the fuse 3, and the second conductor 4 connected in series in sequence, and that no circuit is formed by the first conductor, the outer shell, and the second conductor connected in series in sequence. When the fuse is connected in series in the protected circuit, the current can only flow through the circuit formed by the first conductor 2, the fuse 3, and the second conductor 4.

[0054] When both screw 12 and nut 14 are made of non-conductive material, i.e., electrically insulating material, the first housing structure 5, the second housing structure 6, the first conductor 2 and the insulating component 9 are directly fixedly connected using screw 12 and nut 14.

[0055] The first shell structure 5, the second shell structure 6, the third shell structure 7, and the fourth shell structure 8 are joined together to form a sealed outer shell 1. A sealed cavity is formed inside the outer shell 1. The molten material 3 and one end of the first and second conductors connected to both ends of the molten material 3 are respectively located in the sealed cavity inside the outer shell 1. The cavity inside the outer shell 1 is filled with an arc-extinguishing medium, so that the molten material 3 is located in the arc-extinguishing medium 10. The arc-extinguishing medium can be a gas, a solid, or a gel-like arc-extinguishing medium. The solid arc-extinguishing medium can be quartz sand, alumina, glass fiber, or other types of solid arc-extinguishing medium.

[0056] In this embodiment, the outer shell 1 encloses the fusible element 3 and one end of the first and second conductors connected to both ends of the fusible element 3 through four metal shell structures (5, 6, 7, 8). This allows the heat energy of the fuse to be conducted through the fusible element, the first conductor, and the second conductor to the outer shell 1 formed by the first shell structure 5, the second shell structure 6, the third shell structure 7, and the fourth shell structure 8 via the insulating component 9. The heat is then dissipated through the surface area of ​​the outer shell 1. Because the outer shell increases the heat dissipation surface area of ​​the fuse, the heat dissipation performance of the fuse is greatly improved. Compared with traditional fuses with the same fusible element specifications, the upper limit of the allowable current is increased, thus improving the current-carrying capacity of the fuse. To further improve heat dissipation performance, heat dissipation fins are provided on the third and fourth shell structures, and heat dissipation gaps are provided between the first and third shell structures and between the second and fourth shell structures, further enhancing heat dissipation performance.

[0057] As can be seen from this embodiment, the principle of the present invention is to improve the heat dissipation performance of the fuse as a whole by using a shell with good heat dissipation performance and a first conductor and a second conductor with good heat dissipation performance at both ends of the fuse. Furthermore, the heat dissipation performance can be improved by increasing the heat dissipation surface area of ​​the shell.

[0058] Based on Figure 1, the third shell structure 7 and the fourth shell structure 8 can be removed, and the outer shell 1 consists only of the first shell structure and the second shell structure. Heat dissipation is achieved through the outer shell formed by the first and second shell structures. Existing fuses improve heat dissipation performance. However, compared to the embodiment in Figure 1, due to the absence of the third and fourth shell structures, the surface area involved in heat dissipation in the outer shell 1 is relatively reduced. Therefore, the heat dissipation performance is somewhat worse than that of the four shell structures shown in Figure 1.

[0059] Another structural form of the outer shell 1, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, is composed of a first shell structure 16 and a second shell structure 17 joined together. Both the first shell structure 16 and the second shell structure 17 are made of conductive metal and have good thermal conductivity. Both are flange-shaped structures. Conductive and thermally conductive contact structures 18 are respectively provided on the outer periphery of the first conductor 2 and the second conductor 4. The outer periphery of the contact structure 18 is circumferential. The contact structure 18 can be connected to the first and second conductors by welding or by machining a single part. The first shell structure 16 and the second shell structure 17 are respectively fitted onto the outer periphery of the contact structure 18 on the first conductor 2 and the second conductor 3. An insulating element 19 with good thermal conductivity is provided between the mating surfaces of the first shell structure 16 and the second shell structure 17. The first housing structure 16 and the second housing structure 17 are connected by screws and nuts made of non-conductive material. Alternatively, they can be connected and fixed by conductive screws 12, nuts 14, insulating sleeves 13, and insulating washers 15, as shown in Figure 3. The first housing structure 16 and the second housing structure 17 can also be connected and fixed by riveting. Cover plates 20 are respectively provided on the outer side of the contact structure 18 and the ends of the first housing structure 16 and the second housing structure 17 located on its outer periphery, away from the melt 3. The cover plates 20 seal the contact surfaces between the first housing structure 16, the second housing structure 17, and the contact structure 18, forming a sealed outer shell 1. The cover plates 20 are fixedly connected to the contact structure 18 by screws. The cavity in the formed outer shell 1 is filled with an arc-extinguishing medium.

[0060] In this embodiment, the contact structure 18, the first housing structure 16, and the second housing structure 17 are all made of metal materials with good electrical and thermal conductivity.

[0061] The shell structure acts as a fuse structure for the conductive part. Referring to Figures 6 and 7, the outer shell 1 is assembled from a first shell structure 21, a second shell structure 22, a third shell structure 23, and a fourth shell structure 24. In this embodiment, the first shell structure 21, the second shell structure 22, the third shell structure 23, and the fourth shell structure 24 are made of conductive metal and have good thermal conductivity.

[0062] The first shell structure 21 and the second shell structure 22 are respectively directly disposed on both sides of the first conductor 2, and the first shell structure 21 and the second shell structure 22 are electrically connected to the first conductor 2. The first shell 21 and the second shell 22 are fixedly connected by screws or rivets, and the shell part formed by splicing the first shell structure 21 and the second shell structure 22 covers the end of the melt 3 and the connection end of the first conductor 2 connected thereto.

[0063] The third shell structure 23 and the fourth shell structure 24 are respectively directly disposed on both sides of the second conductor 4, and are electrically connected to the second conductor 4. The third shell structure 23 and the fourth shell structure 24 are fixedly connected by screws or rivets, and the shell part formed by splicing the third shell structure 23 and the fourth shell structure 24 covers the end of the melt 3 and the connection end of the second conductor 4 connected thereto.

[0064] The shell portion formed by splicing the first shell structure 21 and the second shell structure 22, and the shell portion formed by splicing the third shell structure 23 and the fourth shell structure 24, are joined to form the outer shell 1. An insulating component 25 is provided between the splicing ends of the shell portion formed by splicing the first shell structure 21 and the second shell structure 22 and the shell portion formed by splicing the third shell structure 23 and the fourth shell structure 24. The insulating component 25 is a plate-shaped structure and is made of a non-conductive material with good insulation and thermal conductivity. Cover plates 26 are respectively provided on the outer sides of both ends of the formed outer shell 1, that is, on the outer sides of both ends of the outer shell 1 located on the first conductor 2 and the second conductor 4. The cover plates 26 are respectively connected to the first conductor and the second conductor by welding, riveting, screws, etc., to form components, and then connected to the shell portion formed by the first shell structure 21, the second shell structure 22, the third shell structure 23, and the fourth shell structure 24 by welding, riveting, screws, etc., to form a closed outer shell 1, so that a sealed cavity is formed inside the outer shell 1, and the cavity of the outer shell 1 is filled with an arc-extinguishing medium. The shell portion formed by splicing the first shell structure 21, the shell portion formed by splicing the second shell structure 22, the shell portion formed by splicing the third shell structure 23, the shell portion formed by splicing the fourth shell structure 24, and the insulating component 25 are connected by screws, riveting, or other means. When the screws are conductive screws, insulating sleeves are provided at the connection points.

[0065] An insulating distance is maintained between the mating ends of the first shell structure 21 and the third shell structure 23 located inside the cavity formed inside the outer shell 1, on the inner side of the insulating member 25.

[0066] The two ends of the melt 3 located inside the insulating component 25 are electrically connected to the first housing structure 21 and the third housing structure 23 respectively. The melt 3 is electrically connected to the first housing structure 21 and the third housing structure 23 by welding, screws or other connection methods.

[0067] Since the shell portion formed by the splicing of the first shell structure 21 and the second shell structure 22, and the shell portion formed by the splicing of the third shell structure 23 and the fourth shell structure 24 are insulated from each other by the insulating element 25, in this example, the circuit formed by the fuse is a series circuit consisting of the first conductor 2, the shell portion formed by the first shell structure 23 and the second shell structure 24, the fusible element 3, the shell portion formed by the splicing of the third shell structure 23 and the fourth shell structure 24, and the second conductor 4. This ensures that the current flowing through the fuse flows through the circuit formed by the first conductor 2, the fusible element 3, and the second conductor 4.

[0068] To improve the performance of the fuse, heat dissipation fins 26 are provided on the outer peripheral surfaces of the first housing structure 21, the second housing structure 22, the third housing structure 23, and the fourth housing structure 24 to further improve the heat dissipation performance of the fuse.

[0069] In this embodiment, since the first conductor and the second conductor are directly electrically connected to the first shell structure 21, the second shell structure 22, the third shell structure 23, and the fourth shell structure 24 made of conductive metal, and the two ends of the fusible element are also directly electrically connected to the first shell structure 21 and the third shell structure 23, the fuse can dissipate heat directly through the shell and the conductor. Therefore, the fuse in this embodiment has better heat dissipation performance.

[0070] The shell structure forming the outer shell 1 may not be entirely made of metal; at least one shell structure may be made of a non-metallic material. Referring to Figures 8 and 9, the outer shell 1 includes a first shell structure 27 and a second shell structure 28 disposed on opposite sides of the first conductor 2, the melt 3, and the second conductor 4. The first shell structure 27 and the second shell structure 28 are connected to the first conductor 2 and the second conductor 4 respectively at both ends of the circuit formed by the series connection of the first conductor 2, the melt 3, and the second conductor 4. At least one of the first shell structure 27 and the second shell structure 28 is made of a non-conductive insulating material, such as plastic or ceramic; in this embodiment, plastic is used. Through holes are respectively provided between the two ends of the first shell structure 27 and the second shell structure 28, and a third shell structure 29 and a fourth shell structure 30 are respectively disposed at the through holes. The third shell structure 29 and the fourth shell structure 30 are both made of metal. The first shell structure 27 and the third shell structure 29, and the second shell structure 28 and the fourth shell structure 30 can be connected by in-mold injection molding (when the first shell structure 27 and the second shell structure 28 are made of plastic), pressing, riveting, screw connection, etc. The third shell structure 29 and the fourth shell structure 30 do not directly contact the first conductor, the melt, or the second conductor. The first shell structure 27, the second shell structure 28, the third shell structure 29, and the fourth shell structure 30 form the outer shell 1. Air or silica sand, etc., are filled into the cavity of the outer shell 1 as an arc-extinguishing medium. The heat generated by the melt, the first conductor, and the second conductor is conducted through the arc-extinguishing medium to the metallic third shell structure 29 and the fourth shell structure 30, and then dissipated to the external environment of the outer shell 1 through the third shell structure 29 and the fourth shell structure 30. When only one of the first shell structure 27 and the second shell structure 28 is made of insulating material, and the other is made of metal, for example, the first shell structure 27 is made of metal and the second shell structure 28 is made of insulating material, an insulating gasket is placed at the contact point between the first shell structure 27 and the first and second conductors, so that the two ends of the formed shell are insulated from the first and second conductors. Heat energy is dissipated to the external environment of the shell through the arc-extinguishing medium and the metal parts formed by the first shell structure 27, the third shell structure 29, and the fourth shell structure 30.

[0071] In some embodiments, when the material is plastic, the first shell structure 27, the second shell structure 28, and the first conductor, melt, and second conductor connected in series are integrally formed by a submerged injection molding process, so that the mating first shell structure 27 and the second shell structure 28 enclose the melt and the connection end of the first and second conductors that are electrically connected to both ends of the melt, and an installation notch is formed at the first conductor. In the above embodiments, the heat dissipation structure is a heat dissipation fin, but it can also be other structures that improve heat dissipation performance.

[0072] In the above embodiments, the outer shell is composed of two or more shell structures joined together, with each shell structure serving as a single component. The shell structures are made of the same material, either a metal shell structure or an insulating shell structure. At least one shell structure is made of metal and is thermally connected to one of the conductors. When the molten material is directly connected in series with the first and second conductors, the heat energy on the molten material is conducted through the conductors to the metal shell structure thermally connected to the conductors, and then dissipated to the air outside the shell via the metal shell structure. When all shell structures are made of metal, and the molten material is connected in series with the mating metal shell structures, the heat energy generated on the molten material is directly conducted to the shell structure electrically connected to it, and then dissipated to the air outside the shell via the shell structure.

[0073] However, in other embodiments, at least one housing structure includes a metal part and an insulating part, and the heat generated on the melt can be conducted to the metal part of at least one housing structure, and then dissipated to the air outside the housing through the metal part of the housing structure.

[0074] For example, based on Figure 5, the contact structure 18 and the first shell structure 16 on the first conductor 2 are integrated into a shell structure, and the contact structure 18 and the second shell structure 17 on the second conductor 4 are integrated into a shell structure. The contact structure on the first conductor is made of insulating material, the first shell structure is made of metal, the contact structure on the second conductor is made of metal, and the second shell structure is made of either insulating or metal. With this structure, after the shell structures are joined, because the contact structure on the first conductor is made of insulating material, the first shell structure 16 does not make conductive contact with the first conductor. Therefore, there is an insulating cross-section between the two ends of the formed shell in the direction perpendicular to the first conductor, i.e., the insulating cross-section at the contact structure of the insulating material portion of the first conductor. This ensures insulation between the two ends of the formed shell, guaranteeing that current flows through the first conductor, the melt, and the second conductor during current flow. Furthermore, this structure eliminates the need for an insulating component between the mating surfaces of the first shell structure 16 and the second shell structure 17, ensuring that the contact structure directly contacting the second conductor is made of metal. Heat energy from the melt is conducted through the second conductor to the contact structure thereon, and then dissipated by the contact structure or the metal-clad second shell structure.

[0075] For example, referring to the structural schematic diagram in Figure 11, a first shell structure is provided on the first conductor 2, and a second shell structure is provided on the second conductor 4. The first shell structure includes a first insulating material portion 37 and a first metal material portion 38. The first metal material portion 38 is located on the outer surface and part of the inner surface of the first shell structure, and the first insulating material portion 37 is located on the remaining inner surface of the first shell structure. When the first shell structure is directly connected to the first conductor, the first metal material portion 38 is in direct contact with the first conductor, and part of it is in direct contact with the cavity inside the shell.

[0076] The second housing structure includes a second insulating material portion 39 and a second metal material portion 40. The second metal material portion 40 is located on the outer surface and part of the inner surface of the second housing structure, and the second insulating material portion 39 is located on the remaining inner surface of the second housing structure. When the second housing structure is directly connected to the first conductor, the second metal material portion 40 is in direct contact with the second conductor and part of it is in direct contact with the cavity inside the housing.

[0077] The first insulating material portion 37 and the second insulating material portion 39 at one end of the first shell structure and the second shell structure that are joined together extend from the outer side of the end face of the joint end of the first metal material portion 38 and the second metal material portion 40 towards the outside of the shell. When the first shell structure and the second shell structure are joined together, the first insulating material portion 37 and the second insulating material portion 39 are directly joined together, and the first metal material portion 38 and the second metal material portion 40 are insulated and isolated on both sides of the joint end of the first insulating material portion 37 and the second insulating material portion 39. An insulating cross section exists at the cross section between the two ends of the shell formed after joining, perpendicular to the direction of current flow through the conductor, so that the two ends of the shell are insulated. The first insulating material portion 37 and the first metal material portion 38 at the other end of the first shell structure are in direct contact with the first conductor, and the second insulating material portion 39 and the second metal material portion 40 at the other end of the second shell structure are in direct contact with the second conductor, so that the heat energy generated by the melt is conducted through the first conductor and the second conductor to the first metal material portion 38 and the second metal material portion 40, and then dissipated to the air outside the shell through the first metal material portion 38 and the second metal material portion 40.

[0078] In some examples, the first and second shell structures are located on opposite sides of the first and second conductors and then joined together to form an outer shell. The two ends of the first and second shell structures are thermally connected to the first and second conductors, respectively. Insulating material portions are provided at corresponding positions between the two ends of the first and second shell structures. Both sides of the insulating material portions are made of metal. The insulating material portions between the two ends of the first and second shell structures respectively insulate the two ends of the first and second shell structures. When joined together to form the outer shell, the insulating material portions between the two ends of the first and second shell structures are joined together, forming an annular insulating material portion between the two ends of the outer shell. That is, an insulating cross-section exists at the cross-section of the formed outer shell perpendicular to the conductor direction, thus insulating the two ends of the outer shell. The metal portions at the two ends of the first and second shell structures are thermally connected to the first and second conductors, respectively, allowing the heat generated on the melt to be conducted through the first and second conductors to the metal portions of the first and second shell structures, and then dissipated to the air outside the outer shell through the metal portions. Alternatively, the same end of the first and second shell structures can be made of insulating material, while the rest can be made of metal. The insulating material at the same end of the first and second shell structures is connected to the first conductor, and the metal material at the other end is thermally connected to the second conductor. One end of the formed shell is an insulating material that is insulated from the first conductor, and the other end is a metal material that is thermally connected to the second conductor. The heat generated on the melt is conducted to the metal material of the shell through the second conductor, and then dissipated to the air outside the shell through the metal material.

[0079] In some embodiments, such as two shell structures, are respectively disposed on a first conductor and a second conductor. Each shell structure has a metal part at one end and an insulating part at the other end. One end of the metal part is directly thermally connected to the first conductor and the second conductor, and the insulating part is connected to the first conductor and the second conductor. An annular insulating part is formed between the two ends of the shell. That is, there is an insulating cross section at the cross section perpendicular to the conductor between the two ends of the shell, so that the two ends of the shell are insulated.

[0080] In some embodiments, the shell structure has insulating material portions at both ends along the current direction of the circuit formed by the first conductor, the molten material, and the second conductor, with a metal portion between the two ends. The shell structure formed by splicing the shell structures has insulating material portions at both ends and a metal portion in the middle. The cavity of the shell is filled with an arc-quenching medium such as quartz sand. The heat energy on the first conductor, the molten material, and the second conductor is conducted to the metal portion of the shell through the arc-quenching medium, and then dissipated to the external environment through the metal portion of the shell.

[0081] The shell structure of the present invention can take many forms, but it is only necessary to satisfy that at least one part of the shell structure is made of metal, and that the metal part of the shell structure can be directly and thermally connected to one of the conductors, so that the heat energy generated by the melt is conducted to the metal part through the conductor, and then dissipated to the air outside the shell through the metal part.

[0082] The purpose of designing the metal part on the shell structure in this invention is to improve the heat dissipation performance of the fuse. Therefore, under the principles of ensuring that the first conductor and the second conductor are not directly connected, ensuring that the current must flow through the fuse, and ensuring that the heat generated by the fuse can be conducted to the metal part of the shell structure for heat dissipation, the metal part of the shell structure can be directly connected to the fuse, or only connected to one of the conductors, or connected to both the fuse and one of the conductors at the same time.

[0083] As can be seen from the above specific embodiments, the structure of the outer casing 1 satisfies the following: at least one cross section of the outer casing 1 perpendicular to the current direction of the conductor has an insulating cross section, and the insulating cross section allows the current when the fuse is working to flow through the circuit in series connected by the first conductor, the fusible element, and the second conductor.

[0084] Referring to Figures 12 and 13, the insulating material portion 41 between the two ends of the outer shell 1 in Figure 12 is cut perpendicular to the current direction of the circuit formed by the first conductor 2, the melt 3, and the second conductor 4, and is not in contact with the first conductor 2 and the second conductor 4. The resulting cross section 42 in Figure 13 is an insulating cross section made of insulating material. The insulating cross section of the insulating material insulates the two ends of the outer shell 1, ensuring that the current flows through the circuit formed by the first conductor 2, the melt 3, and the second conductor 4 in series. This structure is shown in Figures 4 and 5, as well as Figures 6 and 7.

[0085] Referring to Figures 14 and 15, one end of the outer shell 1 is connected to the first conductor 2 through a thermally conductive insulating member 43, thereby insulating the outer shell 1 from the first conductor 2. An insulating layer is formed around the outer periphery of the first conductor 2 through the insulating member 43. A section 44 is formed by cutting along plane AA (as shown in the figure) perpendicular to the current direction of the circuit formed by the first conductor 2, the melt 3, and the second conductor 4 at the point where the insulating element 43 is located on the end of the outer shell 1 contacts the first conductor 2. All sections 44 formed at the point where the insulating element 43 is located on the end of the outer shell 1 contacts the first conductor 2, and all sections 44 include the insulating section portion 45 of the insulating element 43. The insulating section portion 45 is in direct contact with the conductor. Through all the insulating section portions 45 at the point where the outer shell 1 contacts the first conductor 2, the circuit formed by the insulating element on the outer shell 1 or the two ends connected in series with the first conductor 2, the melt 3, and the second conductor 4 is not conductive, ensuring that the current flows through the circuit formed in series with the first conductor 2, the melt 3, and the second conductor 4. For example, in Figures 1 and 2, the insulating section portion is formed between the two ends of the outer shell 1 that are in contact with the first conductor and the second conductor by the insulating element.

[0086] Referring to Figures 16, 17, and 18, the outer shell 1 is formed by a first shell structure 46 and a second shell structure 47. The first shell structure 46 and the second shell structure 47 are located on opposite sides of the circuit formed by the first conductor 2, the melt 3, and the second conductor 4 connected in series. An insulating material portion 48 is provided at the center of the first shell structure 46 along its length, and the remaining material portion is made of metal. The metal portions at both ends of the first shell structure 46 are directly electrically connected to the first conductor 2 and the second conductor 4, respectively. The second shell structure 47 is made entirely of metal, and thermally conductive insulating elements 49 are provided at both ends between it and the first conductor 2 and the second conductor 4, respectively, through which the insulating elements 49 insulate the second shell structure 47 from the first conductor 2 and the second conductor 4, respectively. As shown in Figure 17, when the outer casing 1 is cross-sectionally viewed from the direction perpendicular to the current, (the AA and CC sections in Figure 16 have the same structure; taking the AA section as an example), all sections 50 at both ends of the second casing structure 47, which are thermally connected to the first conductor 2 and the second conductor 4 via insulating parts 49, contain insulating section portions 51. As shown in Figure 18, in all sections 52 of the first casing structure 46 through the insulating material portion 48 (e.g., the BB section in Figure 16), the section 52 at the insulating material portion 48 of the first casing structure 46 is an insulating section portion 53. The outer casing 1 formed by the first casing structure 46 and the second casing structure 47 forms an insulating arrangement between the outer casing 1 and the circuit formed by the series connection of the first conductor 2, the fuse 3, and the second conductor 4 through the combination of the insulating section portions 51 and 53 on the outer casing 1, allowing the current when the fuse is working to flow through the circuit formed by the series connection of the first conductor 2, the fuse 3, and the second conductor 4.

[0087] The fuse of the present invention can integrate an excitation component to form an excitation fuse. Referring to Figure 10, one end of the second conductor 4 outside the fuse is extended to allow an excitation housing 33 to be installed on the second conductor 4 located outside the fuse housing. An excitation source 34 and a piston (not shown) are installed in the excitation housing 33. A weak point for breaking the circuit, reducing mechanical strength, is provided at the position of the piston on the second conductor. The excitation source 34 is a gas generating device that receives a trigger signal and releases high-pressure gas as a driving force to drive the piston to displace and break the second conductor 4, thereby actively breaking the circuit. The signal receiving end of the excitation source is electrically connected to the first conductor 2 and the second conductor 4 at both ends of the fuse 3 via a self-excitation trigger circuit and wires 36 provided on the PCB printed circuit board 35, providing a self-excitation trigger signal for the excitation source 34. The PCB printed circuit board 35 is located on the top of the excitation housing 33. One end of the first and second conductors located outside the fuse housing and the excitation housing serves as the connection end of the excitation fuse. To broaden the applicable environment of the excitation fuse, the signal receiving end of the excitation source located outside the excitation housing 33 can be connected to the external trigger signal circuit of the user end. When an abnormal situation occurs (such as a car collision, fire, or special circumstances that the user needs to set), and it is necessary to actively disconnect the circuit for circuit protection, a trigger signal can be sent to the excitation source through the external trigger signal circuit to trigger the excitation source to act.

[0088] Under overload or short-circuit current conditions, when fuse 3 melts, a break is formed at fuse 3. If the break completely isolates and disconnects the circuit, the excitation source will not activate. However, if fuse 3 melts and a break is formed at fuse 3, but an arcing phenomenon occurs at the break, the circuit is not completely disconnected. In this case, the resistance at the break increases exponentially, causing a momentary increase in voltage across the break. This triggers the self-excitation circuit to activate the excitation source, releasing high-pressure gas as a driving force to drive the piston to forcibly disconnect the second conductor, thereby completely disconnecting the circuit and achieving circuit protection.

[0089] Excitation housing, excitation source, piston and other excitation components can also be integrated on the first conductor of the fuse.

[0090] By integrating an excitation component into the fuse to form an excitation fuse, the fuse can completely disconnect the circuit when interrupting a large current through sequential melting and secondary mechanical disconnection. This avoids the risk of the circuit not being disconnected due to a single melting, which could lead to circuit protection failure and improves the reliability of the fuse.

Claims

1. A fuse, characterized in that, The device includes a conductor and a fusible element. The conductor comprises a first conductor and a second conductor that are insulated from each other. The fusible element is electrically connected in series between the first conductor and the second conductor, forming a circuit in which the first conductor, the fusible element, and the second conductor are connected in series and are conductive. The ends of the first and second conductors away from the fusible element serve as the two terminals of the fuse. A housing is provided on the outer periphery of the first and second conductors located between the two terminals. The housing has a cavity, and the fusible element is located in the cavity. Part of the housing is made of metal. The heat energy of the fusible element and the conductor is conducted to at least one metal part of the housing and dissipated to the external environment through the metal part. The current when the fuse is working flows through the circuit in which the first conductor, the fusible element, and the second conductor are connected in series.

2. The fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The melt is directly connected in series with the first conductor and the second conductor, or the melt is connected in series with the first conductor and the second conductor through the metal part of the outer shell, forming a circuit in which the first conductor, the melt, and the second conductor are connected in series and are conductive.

3. The fuse according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer casing structure satisfies the following: at least one cross section of the outer casing perpendicular to the current direction of the conductor has an insulating cross section portion, and the insulating cross section portion allows the current when the fuse is working to flow through the circuit in which the first conductor, the fusible element, and the second conductor are connected in series.

4. The fuse according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer shell is formed by the mating of at least two shell structures; at least one portion of the shell structure is made of the metal material, and the insulating cross-section portion is formed by the shell structure itself, by providing an insulating element between the mating surfaces of the shell structures, or by providing an insulating element between the shell structure and the contact surface of the conductor.

5. The fuse according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the shell structure is made of metal, the outer shell formed by the shell structure is insulated from one or both of the first conductor and the second conductor and is thermally conductive. The cross section at the contact point between the outer shell and the conductor includes the insulating cross section portion, so that the outer shell is insulated from the conductor connected thereto; or, the shell structure electrically connected to the first conductor is insulated from the shell structure electrically connected to the second conductor, and the cross section at the insulating location forms the insulating cross section portion, so that the two ends of the outer shell are insulated from each other.

6. The fuse according to claim 5, characterized in that, An insulating and thermally conductive insulating element is provided between the first conductor and the second conductor and the housing structure disposed thereon, and the housing structure with the insulating element and the corresponding conductor are insulatedly connected.

7. The fuse according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the connection is fixed by a conductive screw, an insulating sleeve is provided between the housing structure with the insulating component and the corresponding conductor. Insulating washers are provided at both ends of the insulating sleeve. The screw passes through the insulating washers and the insulating sleeve, thus insulating and isolating the screw from the housing structure and the corresponding conductor.

8. The fuse according to claim 5, characterized in that, An insulating element is provided between the housing structure electrically connected to the first conductor and the housing structure electrically connected to the second conductor.

9. The fuse according to claim 8, characterized in that, The melt is located between the shell structures that are electrically connected to the first conductor and the second conductor, respectively, and both ends of the melt are electrically connected to the shell structures on the first conductor and the second conductor, respectively. The shell structures and the insulating component are combined to form the cavity in the outer shell, and the ends of the first conductor and the second conductor located in the outer shell that are close to each other are insulated from each other.

10. The fuse according to claim 4, characterized in that, At least one of the housing structures is entirely made of insulating material, or at least one housing structure includes an insulating material portion and a metal material portion, or all of the housing structures include an insulating material portion and a metal material portion, and the metal material portion of at least one of the housing structures is directly electrically connected to one of the conductors or connected through a thermally conductive insulating component.

11. The fuse according to claim 10, characterized in that, When the housing structure includes a metal part and an insulating part, the housing structure is such that: the two ends of the housing structure along the current direction of the circuit formed by the conductor and the melt in series are respectively the insulating part and the metal part; or the two ends of the housing structure are metal parts and the part between the two ends is an insulating part; or the two ends of the housing structure along the current direction of the circuit formed by the conductor and the melt in series are the insulating part and the part between the two ends is a metal part.

12. The fuse according to claim 11, characterized in that, The inner surface of the housing structure facing the inside of the outer shell is made of insulating material, while the outer surface facing the outside of the outer shell and the remaining inner surface are made of metal.

13. The fuse according to claim 10, characterized in that, When at least one shell structure is made of insulating material, the shell structure made of metal is spliced ​​adjacent to the shell structure made of insulating material, or the shell structure made of insulating material has a through hole, and the shell structure made of metal is disposed in the through hole of the shell structure made of insulating material, the cavity of the formed shell is filled with arc extinguishing medium, and the shell structure made of metal is in contact with the arc extinguishing medium.

14. The fuse according to claim 13, characterized in that, The shell structure, which is made entirely of insulating material, and the conductor directly connected to it are integrally formed by injection molding.

15. The fuse according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, The cavity of the outer shell is filled with an arc-extinguishing medium, and the melt is located in the arc-extinguishing medium.

16. The fuse according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, A heat dissipation structure is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the shell structure.

17. An excitation fuse, characterized in that, An excitation housing is provided on the outer periphery of the first conductor or the second conductor outside the outer casing of the fuse according to any one of claims 1 to 16. An excitation source and a piston are provided in the excitation housing. The piston is positioned corresponding to the first conductor or the second conductor inside the excitation housing. The signal receiving end of the excitation source is electrically connected to one end of the first conductor and the second conductor connected to both ends of the fuse to form a self-excited triggering circuit, providing a trigger signal for the excitation source. When the fuse melts and forms a break, and the break completely isolates and disconnects the circuit formed by the first conductor, the fuse, and the second conductor, the excitation source does not operate. When the fuse melts and forms a break, and the arc is held at the break, so that the circuit formed by the first conductor, the fuse, and the second conductor is not disconnected, the self-excited triggering circuit triggers the excitation source to operate, releasing high-pressure gas as a driving force to drive the piston to displace and disconnect the corresponding first conductor or the second conductor, completely disconnecting the circuit formed by the first conductor, the fuse, and the second conductor.

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