Thermal coupling management method and system based on fuel cell and rare earth solid hydrogen storage device

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermal coupling method based on a fuel cell and a rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, belongs to the field of fuel cell heat energy utilization, and solves the problem of low energy utilization efficiency based on the fuel cell in the prior art. Comprising the following steps: acquiring the hydrogen supply rate and temperature of a hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen consumption rate of a fuel cell in real time, and inputting a trained thermal coupling balance model to predict the heat exchange efficiency of a heat exchanger, the heat absorption heat value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device and the heat dissipation heat value of the fuel cell; generating a heat exchange control strategy based on the hydrogen supply rate of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the predicted heat absorption heat value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device and the heat dissipation heat value of the fuel cell; setting the adjustment amplitude of a heat exchange control strategy based on the actual heat exchange efficiency and the predicted heat exchange efficiency; based on a heat exchange control strategy and an adjustment amplitude, heat is transferred from the fuel cell to the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device. The efficient and stable thermal coupling management method of the fuel cell and the hydrogen storage device is realized.

Description

A thermal coupling management method and system based on fuel cells and rare earth solid hydrogen storage devices Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell thermal energy reuse technology, and in particular to a thermal coupling management method and system based on fuel cells and rare earth solid hydrogen storage devices. Background Technology

[0002] Existing thermal management technologies for fuel cells and rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage devices primarily rely on independent cooling or heating systems to control the temperatures of both components, meeting their respective operating requirements and ensuring basic device performance. This technology suffers from issues such as independent thermal management loops and unutilized waste heat. While some existing technologies utilize fuel cell waste heat for solid-state hydrogen storage, their static calculations of heat exchange requirements, insufficient control precision, and lack of closed-loop adjustment mechanisms ultimately lead to low energy efficiency and poor operational stability under dynamic conditions.

[0003] For example, patent CN118117112A proposes a thermal management system and control method suitable for hydrogen energy storage and supply. Although it improves the system's energy utilization and response speed to some extent by integrating hydrogen energy storage, energy supply, and thermal management subsystems, its technical focus remains on system architecture integration and conventional thermal management. This method does not deeply construct a refined thermal coupling model between the fuel cell and the hydrogen storage device based on real-time dynamic operating data. Its thermal management logic largely relies on preset operating conditions and fixed parameter control, lacking deep perception and adaptive regulation capabilities to match the dynamic characteristics of hydrogen consumption during fuel cell variable load operation with the transient heat absorption demand of the hydrogen storage device. In high-power applications such as locomotives with frequent load fluctuations, this system struggles to achieve precise real-time balance between heat supply and demand, limiting further improvements in waste heat utilization efficiency.

[0004] Furthermore, patent CN118943421A proposes an energy coupling method between a fuel cell and low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage, explicitly outlining the basic concept of using fuel cell waste heat for heat release in a solid-state hydrogen storage device, demonstrating advancement in energy coupling. However, this method focuses on establishing the principle of coupling, but in terms of specific implementation, it does not disclose how to accurately quantify and dynamically meet the heat exchange requirements during the coupling process. In particular, it lacks a compensation mechanism for "device thermal inertia," a core factor affecting dynamic response, and does not address strategies for online parameter optimization and closed-loop control based on actual heat exchange effects. When the system faces dynamic conditions such as startup, acceleration, and braking, the temperature response lag caused by thermal inertia will cause the actual heat transfer effect to deviate from expectations, and this method does not provide an effective technical means to solve this problem.

[0005] Therefore, existing methods generally suffer from static heat exchange demand calculations, fixed control parameters, lack of proactive compensation mechanisms for device thermal inertia and dynamic operating conditions, and the absence of closed-loop optimization strategies based on actual exchange effects. This results in low energy utilization efficiency and insufficient dynamic stability in real-world operation, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-power, variable-load application scenarios for refined and real-time thermal management. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on the above analysis, the embodiments of the present invention aim to provide a thermal coupling management method and system based on fuel cells and rare earth solid hydrogen storage devices, in order to solve the problems of low energy utilization efficiency and insufficient dynamic stability of existing thermal coupling management methods based on fuel cells and rare earth solid hydrogen storage devices.

[0007] On one hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a thermal coupling management method based on a fuel cell and a rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, including:

[0008] The system acquires the hydrogen supply rate and temperature range of the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device in real time, as well as the hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell. It inputs these parameters into a trained thermal coupling equilibrium model to predict the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the heat absorption value of the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell. Based on the hydrogen supply rate of the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, the predicted heat absorption value of the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell, it sets the coolant flow rate, the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size. It also acquires the actual heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger in real time. Based on the actual heat exchange efficiency and the predicted heat exchange efficiency, it sets the coolant flow rate, the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the adjustment range of the valve opening adjustment step size. Finally, based on the coolant flow rate, the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, the valve opening adjustment step size, and their respective adjustment ranges, it achieves the transfer of heat from the fuel cell to the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device through the heat exchanger.

[0009] Furthermore, a training sample set is constructed based on the historical hydrogen supply rate, temperature parameter range, and heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen consumption rate and heat dissipation value of the fuel cell, and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger. The hydrogen supply rate, temperature parameter range, and fuel cell hydrogen consumption rate of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device in the training sample set are used as input features into the thermal coupling balance model. The heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell are used as output values ​​of the thermal coupling balance model. The thermal coupling balance model is then trained to obtain a trained thermal coupling balance model.

[0010] Furthermore, setting the coolant flow rate value includes: calculating the corrected coolant flow rate ratio coefficient using the following formula: , where Q base Based on the basic coolant flow rate; To predict the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell, The predicted heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device; β is the heat weighting coefficient, and β is the hydrogen supply rate weighting coefficient. The basic bias coefficient; The hydrogen supply rate for rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage devices; The reference hydrogen supply rate for the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device is given by the product of the base coolant flow rate and the corrected coolant flow rate ratio coefficient.

[0011] Furthermore, setting the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device includes: setting the base temperature setpoint using the following formula: ,in, Base temperature setpoint, As the reference temperature, The first proportionality coefficient, To predict the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell, To predict the heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the compensation temperature value is set using the following formula: ΔT=k×K×T_base×t, where ΔT is the compensation temperature value, k is the thermal inertia influence factor, K is the time correlation coefficient, and t is the preset response time. The target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device is obtained based on the sum of the base temperature setpoint and the compensation temperature value.

[0012] Furthermore, the thermal inertia influence factor k is set using the following formula: k = v × C / N, where v is the current rate of change of the coolant temperature of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device. When heat is transferred from the fuel cell to the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, v is positive, and when heat is transferred from the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device to the fuel cell, v is negative; C is the total heat capacity parameter of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and N is a proportionality constant.

[0013] Furthermore, the setting of the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger includes: setting a heat transfer priority based on the absolute value of the difference between the predicted heat dissipation value of the fuel cell and the predicted heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device; and setting the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger based on the heat transfer priority and the response time constant of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device.

[0014] Furthermore, the setting of the valve opening adjustment step size includes: calculating the basic valve adjustment step size based on the heat transfer rate of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the dynamic response characteristics of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the second proportional coefficient; wherein, the basic adjustment step size is directly proportional to the heat transfer rate of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device and inversely proportional to the response time constant of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device; the valve step size dynamic adjustment factor is calculated using the following formula: K valve =(1-Y)×(Q / R); where, K valve Y is the current valve opening, R is the thermal resistance of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and Q is the current heat transfer rate of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device. Based on the valve's basic adjustment step size and the valve's dynamic adjustment factor at each moment, the valve opening adjustment step size is calculated by nonlinear weighting.

[0015] Furthermore, based on the valve's basic adjustment step size and the valve step size dynamic adjustment factor at each moment, the valve opening adjustment step size is calculated using nonlinear weighting, including: calculating the valve opening adjustment step size using the following formula: L valve =L base ×(1+K valve ×θ), where L valve L is the valve opening adjustment step size. base The valve's basic adjustment step size is θ, which is a nonlinear weighting factor. The nonlinear weighting factor is set based on the difference between the target temperature and the actual temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the difference between the target heat transfer rate and the actual heat transfer rate.

[0016] Furthermore, based on the actual heat exchange efficiency and the predicted heat exchange efficiency, the adjustment ranges for the coolant flow rate, the target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size are set. This includes: obtaining the heat balance deviation based on the difference between the actual heat exchange efficiency and the predicted heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger; obtaining the deviation change rate based on the historical trend of the heat balance deviation; obtaining the adjustment urgency of the coolant flow rate, the target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size based on the absolute value of the heat balance deviation and the deviation change rate; and obtaining the adjustment ranges of the coolant flow rate, the target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size based on the heat balance deviation and the adjustment urgency.

[0017] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a thermal coupling management system for implementing the aforementioned thermal coupling management method, comprising: an information acquisition module, used to collect in real time the hydrogen supply rate of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the temperature parameter range, the hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell, and the actual heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger; a thermal coupling balance model prediction module, used to predict the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell based on the hydrogen supply rate of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the temperature parameter range, and the hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell; and a heat exchange control strategy generation module, used to generate a control strategy based on the hydrogen supply rate of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the predicted heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the actual heat exchange efficiency of the fuel cell. The system includes a battery heat dissipation setting module for coolant flow rate, target temperature of coolant flowing through the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and valve opening adjustment step size. A heat exchange control strategy adjustment module is used to set the coolant flow rate, target temperature of coolant flowing through the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and valve opening adjustment step size based on the actual heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger and its predicted heat exchange efficiency. The heat exchanger is used to transfer heat from the fuel cell to the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device based on the coolant flow rate, target temperature of coolant flowing through the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, valve opening adjustment step size, and their adjustment range.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention constructs a deep learning-based thermal coupling balance model, including: real-time acquisition of the hydrogen supply rate, temperature parameter range, and hydrogen consumption rate of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and inputting the trained thermal coupling balance model to predict the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell. This achieves high-precision collaborative prediction of heat dissipation and heat absorption. Furthermore, based on the hydrogen supply rate of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the predicted heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell, the coolant flow rate, the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size are set; based on the actual heat exchange efficiency and the predicted heat exchange efficiency, the adjustment range of the coolant flow rate, the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size are set; this overcomes the shortcomings of traditional methods in terms of dynamic adaptability and control refinement, and realizes the transfer of heat from the fuel cell to the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device through the heat exchanger.

[0019] 2. This invention incorporates multi-level innovative designs in calculating the coolant flow rate, the target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size. By setting the base coolant flow rate value, the base coolant temperature setpoint, the base valve adjustment step size, and adjusting the corrected coolant flow rate proportional coefficient, the compensation temperature value, the thermal inertia influence factor, and the dynamic valve step size adjustment factor, the coolant flow rate, the target coolant temperature flowing through the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, and the valve opening adjustment step size can be accurately set. Based on this, the adjustment range of the coolant flow rate, the target coolant temperature flowing through the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, and the valve opening adjustment step size is obtained according to the aforementioned thermal balance deviation and adjustment urgency. Through multi-level adjustments, a precise dynamic adjustment strategy for the heat exchanger is established, realizing the transfer of heat from the fuel cell to the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device.

[0020] 3. The present invention sets the pump speed regulation gradient of the heat exchanger by: setting a heat transfer priority based on the absolute value of the difference between the predicted heat dissipation value of the fuel cell and the predicted heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device; and setting the pump speed regulation gradient of the heat exchanger based on the heat transfer priority and the response time constant of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device. The control method is implemented based on explicit physical relationships and engineering rules. The generation and execution of the control strategy strictly follow the laws of heat transfer and fluid dynamics, forming an interpretable and independent dedicated control system.

[0021] 4. The thermal coupling management system of this invention includes: an information acquisition module for real-time acquisition of the hydrogen supply rate, temperature parameter range, hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell, and actual heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device; a thermal coupling balance model prediction module for predicting the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell; a heat exchange control strategy generation module for setting the coolant flow rate, the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size; a heat exchange control strategy adjustment module for setting the adjustment range of the coolant flow rate, the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size; and a heat exchanger for realizing the transfer of heat from the fuel cell to the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device. This achieves a thermal coupling management system with high energy utilization efficiency and good dynamic stability.

[0022] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained from what is particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the thermal coupling management method based on fuel cell and rare earth solid hydrogen storage device of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the process of setting the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this application and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0026] A specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a thermal coupling management method based on a fuel cell and a rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, as shown in Figure 1. Specifically, it includes steps S1-S5.

[0027] S1. A training sample set is constructed based on the historical hydrogen supply rate, temperature parameter range, and heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen consumption rate and heat dissipation value of the fuel cell, and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger. The hydrogen supply rate, temperature parameter range, and hydrogen consumption rate of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device and the fuel cell in the training sample set are used as input features into the thermal coupling balance model. The heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell are used as output values ​​of the thermal coupling balance model. The thermal coupling balance model is trained to obtain a trained thermal coupling balance model.

[0028] Specifically, the temperature parameter range refers to the temperature range of the coolant flowing through the rare-earth solid hydrogen storage device under the control of the heat exchanger. A network architecture for a thermally coupled equilibrium model is constructed based on deep learning; this model employs a multilayer perceptron. The constructed training sample set is used to supervise the training of the thermally coupled equilibrium model until the verification loss function converges.

[0029] In a specific embodiment of this invention, based on deep learning technology, a deep feedforward neural network is used to design a thermally coupled balanced model network architecture comprising an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer. The input layer receives thermally coupled feature index data (i.e., hydrogen supply rate of the rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, temperature parameter range, and hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell). The hidden layer performs feature extraction and computation through multiple layers of neurons. The output layer outputs the predicted heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the heat absorption value of the rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell.

[0030] The input layer has three neurons corresponding to the hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell, the hydrogen supply rate of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the temperature parameter range of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, respectively. The hidden layer has three layers, with 64 neurons in each layer. The output layer has three neurons corresponding to the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell, respectively.

[0031] The default convergence threshold for the loss function is 0.001. During training, when the thermal coupling equilibrium model predicts a heat dissipation value of 22.8kW for a fuel cell and an endothermic heat absorption value of 20.9kW for a certain set of test data, and the error between these predictions and the actual labeled values ​​of 23kW and 21kW meets the requirements, and the verification loss function is stable at 0.0008, the thermal coupling equilibrium model is considered to have completed training.

[0032] S2. Real-time acquisition of hydrogen supply rate and temperature parameter range of rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, as well as hydrogen consumption rate of fuel cell, input into trained thermal coupling balance model to predict heat exchange efficiency of heat exchanger, heat absorption value of rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and heat dissipation value of fuel cell.

[0033] A flow sensor installed at the hydrogen output end of the fuel cell monitors the change in hydrogen consumption per unit time in real time, generating a dynamic hydrogen consumption curve. For example, when the locomotive starts and accelerates, the hydrogen consumption rate increases from 50L / min to 150L / min; when traveling at a constant speed, the hydrogen consumption rate stabilizes at around 100L / min.

[0034] The flow monitoring module installed in the hydrogen supply pipeline of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device is used to obtain the hydrogen supply rate of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device; the temperature parameter range of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device is obtained through the temperature sensor.

[0035] The collected data on hydrogen consumption rate of fuel cells, hydrogen supply rate of rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and temperature parameter range are then uploaded in real time and processed for noise reduction and standardization before being put into use.

[0036] S3. Based on the hydrogen supply rate of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the predicted heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell, set the coolant flow rate value, the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size.

[0037] The setting of the coolant flow rate value includes: calculating the corrected coolant flow rate ratio coefficient using the following formula: , where Q base Based on the basic coolant flow rate; To predict the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell, The predicted heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device; β is the heat weighting coefficient, and β is the hydrogen supply rate weighting coefficient. The basic bias coefficient; The hydrogen supply rate for rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage devices; The reference hydrogen supply rate for the rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage device is determined by multiplying the base coolant flow rate by the corrected coolant flow rate ratio. The base coolant flow rate is the historical average of the coolant flow rate of the heat exchanger.

[0038] Specifically, formulate a heat exchange operation plan that can be directly executed, namely a heat exchange control strategy, which clarifies the direction and priority of heat transfer, coolant flow rate, coolant target temperature and heat exchanger operating parameters to ensure that the heat exchange process accurately and efficiently matches the heat exchange requirements.

[0039] First, the direction and priority of heat transfer need to be determined based on the sign and magnitude of the heat exchange demand value. A positive value indicates that heat is transferred from the fuel cell to the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, and a negative value indicates the opposite. The transfer priority is determined based on the absolute value of the heat exchange demand value; the larger the absolute value, the higher the priority.

[0040] For example, if the final heat exchange demand is a positive value of 5.88 kW, the heat transfer direction is determined to be from the fuel cell to the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device. If the heat exchange demand under another operating condition is a positive value of 8.5 kW, its priority is higher than the operating condition corresponding to 5.88 kW.

[0041] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the predicted heat dissipation is 25kW, the predicted heat absorption is 20kW, and the absolute value of the heat difference is 5kW. At this time, the corresponding coolant flow rate ratio coefficient is 0.8. If the absolute value of the heat difference increases to 8kW, the coolant flow rate ratio coefficient can be increased to 1.28.

[0042] The coolant flow rate ratio coefficient is dynamically corrected based on the heat difference and the hydrogen supply rate of the rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage device to obtain the coolant flow rate setpoint. If the current coolant flow rate ratio coefficient is 0.8, and the real-time hydrogen absorption rate of the rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage device increases from 100L / min to 120L / min, the corresponding hydrogen supply rate is adjusted synchronously to 120L / min. At this time, the coolant flow rate ratio coefficient is 0.96. If the base coolant flow rate is 50L / min, the coolant flow rate value is 50L / min × 0.96 = 48L / min.

[0043] Setting the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device includes: setting the base temperature setpoint using the following formula: ,in, Base temperature setpoint, As the reference temperature, The first proportionality coefficient, To predict the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell, The predicted heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device; the base temperature is the historical average temperature of the coolant in the heat exchanger. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the base temperature is 75.4℃, and the first proportionality coefficient is obtained by fitting historical data, with a first proportionality coefficient of 1.33℃ / kW.

[0044] The compensation temperature value is set using the following formula: ΔT=k×K×T_base×t (1) where ΔT is the compensation temperature value, k is the thermal inertia influence factor, K is the time correlation coefficient, which reflects the time matching relationship between the heat capacity of the device and the heat transfer rate. According to the calibration of historical operating conditions, the typical value of K in this embodiment is 0.273; t is the preset response time, which is set according to the thermal dynamic response time of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device and is positively correlated with the response time constant of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device.

[0045] The target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device is obtained by summing the base temperature setpoint and the compensation temperature value.

[0046] The thermal inertia influence factor k is set using the following formula: k = v × C / N (2) where v is the current rate of change of the coolant temperature of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device. When heat is transferred from the fuel cell to the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, v is positive and when heat is transferred from the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device to the fuel cell, v is negative; C is the total heat capacity parameter of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and N is a proportionality constant.

[0047] The rate of temperature change of the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device under its current operating condition is obtained, and the thermal inertia influence factor is calculated based on the total heat capacity parameter of the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device. The total heat capacity parameter of the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device is an inherent property, determined by the material, volume, and structure of the fuel cell and the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device.

[0048] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the total heat capacity parameter of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device is 200 kJ / ℃, the current temperature change rate is 0.3℃ / s, and the proportionality constant N is used to unify the parameter dimensions. It is determined according to the type of rare earth solid hydrogen storage device and the application scenario, and N = 4000 kJ / s. The thermal inertia influence factor is calculated to be 0.015 through equation (2).

[0049] K is the time correlation coefficient, for example, 0.273, which reflects the time matching relationship between the heat capacity and heat transfer rate of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and is calibrated according to historical operating conditions; T_base is the basic temperature setpoint, for example, 82℃; t is the preset response time, which is 0.38s, depending on the thermal dynamic response speed of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device.

[0050] Substituting into equation (1), the compensation temperature value ΔT = 0.015 × 0.273 × 82 × 0.38 ≈ 0.123℃. The base temperature setting value and the compensation temperature value are superimposed to obtain the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device. That is, the base temperature setting value and the compensation temperature value are superimposed. For positive compensation, they are added together, and for negative compensation, they are subtracted together to obtain the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device after thermal inertia compensation. Assuming that the base temperature setting value is 82℃ and the positive compensation temperature value is 0.123℃, the final temperature setting value after superposition is 82.123℃; if it is negative compensation, the compensation temperature value is 0.123℃, then the final temperature setting value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device is 81.877℃.

[0051] The process of setting the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger includes: setting a heat transfer priority based on the absolute value of the difference between the predicted heat dissipation value of the fuel cell and the predicted heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device; and setting the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger based on the heat transfer priority and the response time constant of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device.

[0052] Specifically, based on the determined heat transfer priority and response time constant, preset pump speed adjustment gradients of different magnitudes are directly matched to ultimately drive the heat exchanger to achieve both rapid and stable heat exchange control. Higher priority corresponds to a larger pump speed adjustment gradient. The response time constant is a time characteristic parameter of the rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, reflecting the time from receiving the adjustment command to approaching the target state; it primarily reflects the device's dynamic response speed. If the response time constant is 5 seconds, it means that after receiving a command to adjust the heat exchanger pump speed or valve opening, it takes approximately 5 seconds to reach about 63% of the target heat exchange rate. In this case, the heat exchanger pump speed adjustment gradient can be set to 300 r / min per level under low-priority conditions; under high-priority conditions, the adjustment gradient is increased to 600 r / min per level.

[0053] The setting of the valve opening adjustment step size includes: calculating the basic valve adjustment step size based on the heat transfer rate of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the dynamic response characteristics of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the second proportional coefficient; the dynamic response characteristics of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device are the response time constants of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device; calculating the valve step size dynamic adjustment factor; and calculating the valve opening adjustment step size through nonlinear weighting based on the basic valve adjustment step size and the valve step size dynamic adjustment factor at each moment.

[0054] The basic adjustment step size is directly proportional to the heat transfer rate of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device and inversely proportional to the response time constant of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device.

[0055] Specifically, in the lowest level of execution control, the basic adjustment step of the valve opening is calculated based on the physical proportional relationship between the heat transfer rate of the coolant and the inherent response time constant of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device.

[0056] The valve step size dynamic adjustment factor is calculated using the following formula: K valve =(1-Y)×(Q / R); where, K valve Y is the valve step size dynamic adjustment factor, R is the current valve opening, and Q is the thermal resistance of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device.

[0057] Specifically, by combining the current valve opening status with the thermal resistance parameters of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, a dynamic adjustment factor is introduced to weight and correct the basic adjustment step size in order to compensate for the adjustment lag caused by the thermal inertia of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device during the adjustment process.

[0058] If the current valve opening is 50%, the thermal resistance R of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device is 0.5 K / W, and the heat transfer rate Q is 5 kW, then the dynamic adjustment factor = (1-50%) × (5 / 0.5) = 0.5 × 10 = 5. If the current valve opening is 80%, the dynamic adjustment factor = (1-80%) × (5 / 0.5) = 0.2 × 10 = 2.

[0059] Based on the valve's basic adjustment step size and dynamic adjustment factor at each moment, the valve opening adjustment step size is calculated using nonlinear weighting, including: calculating the valve opening adjustment step size using the following formula: L valve =L base ×(1+K valve ×θ), where L valve L is the valve opening adjustment step size. baseThe valve's basic adjustment step size is θ, which is a nonlinear weighting factor. The nonlinear weighting factor is set based on the difference between the target temperature and the actual temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the difference between the target heat transfer rate and the actual heat transfer rate.

[0060] Specifically, if the heat transfer rate Q is 5kW and the response time constant of the rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage device is 5s, assuming a proportional gain of 0.04, the basic adjustment step size is (5kW / 5s) × 0.04 = 0.04, or 4% per step. If the heat transfer rate increases to 8kW, then the basic adjustment step size is (8kW / 5s) × 0.04 = 0.064, or 6.4% per step.

[0061] When the absolute difference between the actual value and the target value of the heat exchange rate or temperature exceeds a certain set threshold, the weighting factor is 0.1, L. valve =4%×(1+5×0.1)=4%×1.5=6% per step; when the deviation is small, the weighting coefficient is 0.05, and the final adjustment step size =4%×(1+5×0.05)=4%×1.25=5% per step.

[0062] The target heat exchange rate is 5kW, while the actual heat exchange rate is 3kW. Meanwhile, the target temperature of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device is 85℃, while the actual temperature is 80℃. According to the preset standard, the deviation is considered large, so a larger weighting coefficient is adopted to allow the valve opening adjustment step to be larger, so as to quickly narrow the gap between the actual and the target. If the actual heat exchange rate is 4.8kW and the actual temperature is 84℃, the deviation is small, so a smaller weighting coefficient will be used to avoid over-adjustment.

[0063] In a specific control strategy of this invention, the coolant flow rate of the heat exchanger's cooling circuit is set to 48 L / min, the temperature is set to 85°C, the heat exchanger pump speed is 1500 r / min, and the valve opening is 50%. Through parameter control, heat is transferred from the fuel cell to the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device.

[0064] S4. Real-time acquisition of the actual heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, and setting the coolant flow rate, the target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the adjustment range of the valve opening step size based on the actual heat exchange efficiency and the predicted heat exchange efficiency.

[0065] The adjustment ranges for the coolant flow rate, the target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size are set based on the actual heat exchange efficiency and the predicted heat exchange efficiency. This includes: obtaining the heat balance deviation based on the difference between the actual heat exchange efficiency and the predicted heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger; obtaining the deviation change rate based on the historical trend of the heat balance deviation; obtaining the adjustment urgency of the coolant flow rate, the target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size based on the absolute value of the heat balance deviation and the deviation change rate; and obtaining the adjustment ranges of the coolant flow rate, the target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size based on the heat balance deviation and the adjustment urgency.

[0066] Specifically, the system continuously calculates the heat balance deviation by comparing the actual heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger with the expected efficiency. It not only focuses on the instantaneous magnitude of the deviation but also analyzes its historical trend and rate of change, combining both to classify the urgency of regulation into three levels: high, medium, and low. This judgment directly determines the adjustment range of subsequent control parameters, thereby achieving differentiated responses such as fine-tuning for small deviations, rapid adjustment for large deviations, and pre-adjustment for worsening trends.

[0067] For example, if the expected heat exchange efficiency is 85%, and the actual monitored heat exchange efficiency is 80%, the heat balance deviation is 80% minus 85%, which is -5%.

[0068] Based on the historical trend of the thermal balance deviation, the deviation change rate is calculated, and the urgency of adjustment is determined in conjunction with the current operating parameters of the device.

[0069] The deviation change rate is calculated based on the historical trend of thermal balance deviation, and the urgency is the change in deviation per unit time. Combined with the current operating parameters of the rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, the urgency is determined according to set rules. When the absolute value of the thermal balance deviation is greater than a preset thermal balance deviation threshold and the rate of change of the thermal balance deviation is greater than a preset rate threshold, it is considered high urgency. When only one of the absolute value or the rate of change of the thermal balance deviation is met, it is considered medium urgency. When neither is met, it is considered low urgency. For example, the preset thermal balance deviation threshold is ±4%, and the preset thermal balance rate threshold is 2% / min. The current thermal balance deviation is -5%, and the rate of change of the thermal balance deviation is 3% / min. Both exceed the thresholds, so it is considered high urgency. If the deviation is -5% and the rate of change of the deviation is 1% / min, it is considered medium urgency.

[0070] The adjustment range of the control strategy is determined based on the magnitude of the thermal balance deviation and the urgency of the adjustment. Specifically, the adjustment range is calculated by comprehensively considering both the magnitude of the thermal balance deviation and the urgency of the adjustment. A larger thermal balance deviation and a higher urgency result in a larger adjustment range. For example, a thermal balance deviation of -5% with a change rate of 3% / min and a high urgency corresponds to a 10% adjustment range. A thermal balance deviation of -3% with a medium urgency results in a 5% adjustment range.

[0071] Based on the adjustment range of the control strategy, the coolant flow rate, the target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size are adjusted in a coordinated manner to obtain the actual operating parameters of the coolant flow rate, the target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size.

[0072] S5. Based on the coolant flow rate, the target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, the valve opening adjustment step size and their respective adjustment range, heat is transferred from the fuel cell to the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device through the heat exchanger.

[0073] A specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a thermal coupling management system for implementing the thermal coupling management method, comprising: an information acquisition module for real-time acquisition of the hydrogen supply rate, temperature parameter range, hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell, and actual heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device; a thermal coupling balance model prediction module for predicting the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell based on the hydrogen supply rate, temperature parameter range, and hydrogen consumption rate of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device; and a heat exchange control strategy generation module for generating a control strategy based on the hydrogen supply rate of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the predicted heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the actual heat exchange efficiency of the fuel cell. The heat dissipation value of the pool is set with a coolant flow rate, a target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, a pump speed adjustment gradient for the heat exchanger, and a valve opening adjustment step size. A heat exchange control strategy adjustment module is used to adjust the coolant flow rate, the target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient for the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size based on the actual heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger and the predicted heat exchange efficiency. The heat exchanger is used to transfer heat from the fuel cell to the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device based on the coolant flow rate, the target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient for the heat exchanger, the valve opening adjustment step size, and their adjustment range.

[0074] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger. A flow sensor is installed at the hydrogen input end of the fuel cell to monitor the change in hydrogen consumption per unit time in real time.

[0075] A flow monitoring module is installed in the hydrogen supply pipeline of the rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage device to obtain the hydrogen supply rate. The heat absorption requirement is calculated by combining temperature and heat flow sensors with the characteristics of the hydrogen storage material. Specifically, the temperature sensors are installed inside the rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, in the inlet and outlet pipelines of the plate heat exchanger, and at key nodes in the fuel cell cooling circuit to collect real-time temperature data. The heat flow sensors can be arranged in the thermal management circuit pipeline of the rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage device to monitor the heat transfer rate.

[0076] Compared with existing technologies, this embodiment constructs a deep learning-based thermal coupling balance model, including: real-time acquisition of the hydrogen supply rate, temperature parameter range, and hydrogen consumption rate of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and inputting the trained thermal coupling balance model to predict the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell. This achieves high-precision collaborative prediction of heat dissipation and heat absorption. Furthermore, based on the hydrogen supply rate of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the predicted heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell, the coolant flow rate, the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size are set. Based on the actual heat exchange efficiency and the predicted heat exchange efficiency, the adjustment range of the coolant flow rate, the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size are set. This overcomes the shortcomings of traditional methods in terms of dynamic adaptability and control refinement, and achieves the transfer of heat from the fuel cell to the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device through the heat exchanger. This embodiment employs a multi-layered innovative design in calculating the coolant flow rate, the target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size. By setting the base coolant flow rate value, the base coolant temperature setpoint, the base valve adjustment step size, and adjusting the corrected coolant flow rate proportional coefficient, the compensation temperature value, the thermal inertia influence factor, and the dynamic valve step size adjustment factor, the coolant flow rate, the target coolant temperature flowing through the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, and the valve opening adjustment step size can be accurately set. Based on this, the adjustment range of the coolant flow rate, the target coolant temperature flowing through the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, and the valve opening adjustment step size is obtained according to the aforementioned thermal balance deviation and adjustment urgency. Through multi-level adjustments, a precise dynamic adjustment strategy for the heat exchanger is established, realizing the transfer of heat from the fuel cell to the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device. This embodiment sets the pump speed regulation gradient for the heat exchanger by: setting a heat transfer priority based on the absolute value of the difference between the predicted heat dissipation value of the fuel cell and the predicted heat absorption value of the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device; and setting the pump speed regulation gradient for the heat exchanger based on the heat transfer priority and the response time constant of the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device. The control method is implemented based on explicit physical relationships and engineering rules. The generation and execution of the control strategy strictly follow the laws of heat transfer and fluid dynamics, forming an interpretable and dedicated control system that does not rely on general methods.This embodiment of the thermal coupling management system includes: an information acquisition module for real-time acquisition of the hydrogen supply rate, temperature parameter range, hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell, and actual heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device; a thermal coupling balance model prediction module for predicting the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell; a heat exchange control strategy generation module for setting the coolant flow rate, the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size; a heat exchange control strategy adjustment module for setting the adjustment range of the coolant flow rate, the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size; and a heat exchanger for realizing the transfer of heat from the fuel cell to the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device. This achieves a thermal coupling management system with high energy utilization efficiency and good dynamic stability.

[0077] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes of the methods described in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be a disk, optical disk, read-only memory, or random access memory, etc.

[0078] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal coupling management method based on fuel cells and rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage devices, characterized in that, include: The system acquires the hydrogen supply rate and temperature range of the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device in real time, as well as the hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell. It inputs these parameters into a trained thermal coupling equilibrium model to predict the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the heat absorption value of the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell. Based on the hydrogen supply rate of the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, the predicted heat absorption value of the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell, it sets the coolant flow rate, the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size. It also acquires the actual heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger in real time. Based on the actual heat exchange efficiency and the predicted heat exchange efficiency, it sets the coolant flow rate, the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the adjustment range of the valve opening adjustment step size. Finally, based on the coolant flow rate, the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, the valve opening adjustment step size, and their respective adjustment ranges, it achieves the transfer of heat from the fuel cell to the rare-earth solid-state hydrogen storage device through the heat exchanger.

2. The thermal coupling management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, A training sample set is constructed based on the historical hydrogen supply rate, temperature parameter range, and heat absorption value of rare earth solid hydrogen storage devices, the hydrogen consumption rate and heat dissipation value of fuel cells, and the heat exchange efficiency of heat exchangers. The hydrogen supply rate, temperature parameter range, and hydrogen consumption rate of rare earth solid hydrogen storage devices in the training sample set are used as input features into the thermal coupling balance model. The heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the heat absorption value of rare earth solid hydrogen storage devices, and the heat dissipation value of fuel cells are used as output values ​​of the thermal coupling balance model. The thermal coupling balance model is then trained to obtain a well-trained thermal coupling balance model.

3. The thermal coupling management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The setting of the coolant flow rate value includes: calculating the corrected coolant flow rate ratio coefficient using the following formula: , where Q base Based on the basic coolant flow rate; To predict the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell, The predicted heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device; β is the heat weighting coefficient, and β is the hydrogen supply rate weighting coefficient. The basic bias coefficient; The hydrogen supply rate for rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage devices; The reference hydrogen supply rate for the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device is given by the product of the base coolant flow rate and the corrected coolant flow rate ratio coefficient.

4. The thermal coupling management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Setting the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device includes: setting the base temperature setpoint using the following formula: ,in, Base temperature setpoint, As the reference temperature, The first proportionality coefficient, To predict the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell, To predict the heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the compensation temperature value is set using the following formula: ΔT=k×K×T_base×t, where ΔT is the compensation temperature value, k is the thermal inertia influence factor, K is the time correlation coefficient, and t is the preset response time. The target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device is obtained based on the sum of the base temperature setpoint and the compensation temperature value.

5. The thermal coupling management method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The thermal inertia influence factor k is set using the following formula: k = v × C / N, where v is the current rate of change of the coolant temperature of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device. When heat is transferred from the fuel cell to the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, v is positive, and when heat is transferred from the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device to the fuel cell, v is negative; C is the total heat capacity parameter of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and N is a proportionality constant.

6. The thermal coupling management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of setting the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger includes: setting a heat transfer priority based on the absolute value of the difference between the predicted heat dissipation value of the fuel cell and the predicted heat absorption value of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device; and setting the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger based on the heat transfer priority and the response time constant of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device.

7. The thermal coupling management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The setting of the valve opening adjustment step size includes: calculating the basic valve adjustment step size based on the heat transfer rate of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the dynamic response characteristics of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the second proportional coefficient; wherein, the basic adjustment step size is directly proportional to the heat transfer rate of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device and inversely proportional to the response time constant of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device; the valve step size dynamic adjustment factor is calculated using the following formula: K valve =(1-Y)×(Q / R); where, K valve Y is the current valve opening, R is the thermal resistance of the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and Q is the current heat transfer rate of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device. Based on the valve's basic adjustment step size and the valve's dynamic adjustment factor at each moment, the valve opening adjustment step size is calculated by nonlinear weighting.

8. The thermal coupling management method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Based on the valve's basic adjustment step size and dynamic adjustment factor at each moment, the valve opening adjustment step size is calculated using nonlinear weighting, including: calculating the valve opening adjustment step size using the following formula: L valve =L base ×(1+K valve ×θ), where L valve L is the valve opening adjustment step size. base The valve's basic adjustment step size is θ, which is a nonlinear weighting factor. The nonlinear weighting factor is set based on the difference between the target temperature and the actual temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, and the difference between the target heat transfer rate and the actual heat transfer rate.

9. The thermal coupling management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment ranges for the coolant flow rate, the target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size are set based on the actual heat exchange efficiency and the predicted heat exchange efficiency. This includes: obtaining the heat balance deviation based on the difference between the actual heat exchange efficiency and the predicted heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger; obtaining the deviation change rate based on the historical trend of the heat balance deviation; obtaining the adjustment urgency of the coolant flow rate, the target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size based on the absolute value of the heat balance deviation and the deviation change rate; and obtaining the adjustment ranges of the coolant flow rate, the target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve opening adjustment step size based on the heat balance deviation and the adjustment urgency.

10. A thermal coupling management system implementing any one of the thermal coupling management methods of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: The information acquisition module is used to collect data in real time on the hydrogen supply rate, temperature parameter range, hydrogen consumption rate of fuel cell, and actual heat exchange efficiency of heat exchanger of rare earth solid hydrogen storage device. The thermal coupling equilibrium model prediction module is used to predict the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the heat absorption value of the rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell based on the hydrogen supply rate, temperature parameter range, and hydrogen consumption rate of the rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage device. The heat exchange control strategy generation module is used to set the coolant flow rate, the target temperature of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the valve settings based on the hydrogen supply rate of the rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, the predicted heat absorption value of the rare earth solid-state hydrogen storage device, and the heat dissipation value of the fuel cell. The valve opening adjustment step size; the heat exchange control strategy adjustment module, used to set the coolant flow rate value, the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, and the adjustment range of the valve opening adjustment step size based on the actual heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger and the predicted heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger; the heat exchanger, used to realize the transfer of heat from the fuel cell to the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device based on the coolant flow rate value, the target temperature value of the coolant flowing through the rare earth solid hydrogen storage device, the pump speed adjustment gradient of the heat exchanger, the valve opening adjustment step size and its adjustment range.

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