CT (Computed Tomography) power taking equipment, power management and upgrading method and device thereof and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses CT power taking equipment, an electric quantity management and upgrading method and device thereof and a medium, and relates to the technical field of battery management. The electric quantity management and upgrading method comprises the following steps: S1, in response to a remote upgrading trigger request, collecting key hardware state data; and S2, based on the collected parameters, calculating the total available energy of the equipment. The total available energy is the sum of the available energy of the battery, the available energy of the super capacitor and the predicted available energy based on the CT parameters. And S3, calculating the required energy for completing at least one upgrade data unit. And S4, the total available energy is compared with the required energy, a corresponding upgrading strategy is executed according to a comparison result, and the upgrading strategy comprises a complete upgrading mode, a breakpoint resume mode or a delayed upgrading mode. And S5, in the breakpoint resume mode, downloading, writing and checking data by taking a fixed upgrade data unit as a unit, and updating breakpoint information after each unit is completed.

Description

CT power supply equipment and its power management and upgrading methods, devices, and media Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery management technology, and more specifically, to a CT power-generating device and its power management and upgrading method, apparatus, and medium. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of smart grids and IoT technologies, a large number of low-power embedded devices are being deployed in outdoor environments such as overhead power lines for condition monitoring, data acquisition, and fault indication. These devices typically cannot rely on mains power and must draw power from the transmission lines via current transformers (CTs) to achieve long-term maintenance-free operation. However, due to factors such as large fluctuations in line load, changes in ambient temperature, and natural battery aging, these devices often face problems such as insufficient startup energy and inaccurate power estimation after long periods of dormancy. Especially when performing high-energy-consuming tasks such as firmware upgrades, upgrade interruptions, system rollbacks, or even upgrade failures are likely to occur, seriously affecting the maintainability and functional reliability of the devices.

[0003] Existing CT-based power supply devices typically employ a hybrid energy storage scheme combining batteries and supercapacitors, relying on voltage detection and timed wake-up mechanisms for energy management. Some improved schemes attempt to estimate remaining power by monitoring battery voltage and dynamically adjust communication rates or retransmission strategies based on a rough energy level classification to adapt to the current energy state. While these methods alleviate upgrade failures due to insufficient energy to some extent, their energy assessment methods are relatively indirect, failing to effectively integrate dynamic predictions of externally harvestable energy and lacking fine-grained hardware control over the charging and discharging processes of energy storage components.

[0004] Currently, these CT power harvesting devices still suffer from several key shortcomings: First, their power estimation largely relies on open-circuit voltage or simple coulomb counting, which leads to significant errors under non-ideal conditions such as low temperatures and battery aging, failing to accurately reflect available energy. Second, the system lacks short-term prediction and energy scheduling integration of the CT's instantaneous energy harvesting capacity, resulting in insufficient basis for upgrade decisions under energy boundary conditions. Furthermore, the charge and discharge control logic typically does not distinguish between different stages such as startup and operation, and the energy allocation strategy between capacitors and batteries is not refined enough, making it difficult to accumulate sufficient energy for upgrades in the shortest possible time. Finally, existing upgrade processes often employ dynamic slicing or unaligned write cells, which can easily cause inconsistencies in flash memory erase / write boundaries, increasing the risk of unreliable recovery after an interruption of the upgrade process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a CT power supply device and its power management and upgrading method, apparatus and medium to improve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] Firstly, the present invention provides a method for power management and upgrading of a CT power supply device, comprising steps S1 to S5.

[0007] S1. In response to remote upgrade trigger requests, collect key hardware status data.

[0008] S2. Based on the collected parameters, calculate the total available energy of the equipment. The total available energy is the sum of the available energy of the battery, the available energy of the supercapacitor, and the predicted recoverable energy based on the CT parameters.

[0009] S3. Calculate the energy required to complete at least one upgraded data unit.

[0010] S4. Compare the total available energy with the required energy, and execute the corresponding upgrade strategy based on the comparison result. The upgrade strategy includes full upgrade mode, breakpoint resume mode or delayed upgrade mode.

[0011] S5. In the breakpoint resume mode, data is downloaded, written and verified in fixed upgrade data units, and the breakpoint information is updated after each unit is completed.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention provides a CT power supply device and its power management and upgrade device, which includes a data acquisition module, an available energy module, a demand energy module, an upgrade judgment module and a breakpoint upgrade module.

[0013] The data acquisition module is used to collect key hardware status data in response to remote upgrade trigger requests.

[0014] The available energy module is used to calculate the total available energy of the equipment based on the collected parameters. The total available energy is the sum of the available energy of the battery, the available energy of the supercapacitor, and the predicted recoverable energy based on CT parameters.

[0015] The energy demand module is used to calculate the energy required to complete at least one upgrade data unit.

[0016] The upgrade judgment module is used to compare the total available energy with the required energy and execute the corresponding upgrade strategy based on the comparison result. The upgrade strategy includes a full upgrade mode, a breakpoint resume mode, or a delayed upgrade mode.

[0017] The breakpoint upgrade module is used in the breakpoint resume mode to download, write and verify data in fixed upgrade data units, and update the breakpoint information after each unit is completed.

[0018] Thirdly, the present invention provides a CT power-harvesting device, which includes a supercapacitor, a battery, an ADC detection circuit for detecting power, an MCU electrically connected to the ADC detection circuit, three sets of current transformers (CTs) plus MOSFETs for harvesting power from overhead lines, and a controller electrically connected to the supercapacitor, the battery, the MCU and the three sets of power-harvesting combinations.

[0019] The CT power supply device is adapted to perform the power management and upgrade method for the CT power supply device as described in any paragraph of the first aspect.

[0020] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored computer program, wherein, when the computer program is executed, it controls the device containing the computer-readable storage medium to perform the power management and upgrade method for a CT power supply device as described in any paragraph of the first aspect.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention achieves the following technical effects: By introducing a precise calculation model based on total available energy, the present invention effectively improves the upgrade reliability and system stability of CT power-harvesting equipment in energy-constrained scenarios. Specifically, the dynamically weighted SOC estimation method, combined with temperature and battery aging factors, significantly improves the accuracy of power estimation, avoiding errors in traditional voltage judgment under low temperature or battery aging conditions, thus ensuring a more realistic and reliable basis for upgrade decisions. Simultaneously, by incorporating the predicted harvestable energy of the CT into the overall available energy assessment, and achieving intelligent switching between complete upgrades, breakpoint resumption, or delayed upgrades based on energy comparison, the present invention can adaptively adjust the upgrade strategy in field environments with large energy fluctuations, significantly reducing the risk of upgrade interruptions.

[0022] Furthermore, this invention employs a two-stage charging control logic at the hardware level, differentiating between high and low current scenarios based on the CT voltage and dynamically managing the switching state of the MOSFETs with multi-level voltage thresholds. This optimizes the energy distribution efficiency between the supercapacitor and the battery, enabling the device to accumulate sufficient upgrade energy in a short time. The breakpoint resumption mechanism for fixed upgrade data units, aligned with the physical boundaries of the flash memory, ensures the atomicity and consistency of the write process. Combined with verification and rollback functions, this further enhances the recovery capability and system security of firmware upgrades. These improvements collectively address issues such as inaccurate energy estimation, frequent upgrade failures, and coarse hardware control in existing technologies, significantly improving the maintainability and long-term operational reliability of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the specific embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some specific embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 shows the application scenarios of low-power devices.

[0025] Figure 2 is a diagram of the electrical connection structure of a low-power device.

[0026] Figure 3 is the CT circuit diagram.

[0027] Figure 4 is the control logic diagram for the remote equipment upgrade phase.

[0028] Figure 5 is the control logic diagram for the equipment startup phase.

[0029] Figure 6 is the control logic diagram for the equipment operation phase.

[0030] Figure 7 is the control logic diagram for the main task phase of the equipment.

[0031] Figure 8 is the control logic diagram for the device's sleep / wake-up phase. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1 and 2. The first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for power management and upgrading of CT power supply equipment.

[0034] As shown in Figure 1, the CT power-harvesting device includes a supercapacitor, a battery, an ADC detection circuit for detecting power, an MCU electrically connected to the ADC detection circuit, three sets of power-harvesting combinations consisting of current transformers (CTs) and MOSFETs for harvesting power from overhead lines, and a controller electrically connected to the supercapacitor, battery, MCU, and the three sets of power-harvesting combinations. The first power-harvesting combination includes a first current transformer CT1 and a first MOSFET MOS1. The second power-harvesting combination includes a second current transformer CT2 and a second MOSFET MOS2. The third power-harvesting combination includes a third current transformer CT3 and a third MOSFET MOS3.

[0035] It should be noted that the three power-drawing combinations can be configured with identical hardware, or with components of different power ratings depending on actual needs. The number of power-drawing combinations can also be set according to actual needs, and this invention does not impose specific limitations on this. This embodiment uses three sets because the power drawn by the CT is relatively low. In actual low-power devices operating at full speed, three CTs are needed simultaneously for charging, especially under low current conditions. Under high current conditions, one or two CTs are used to draw power to prevent overcharging.

[0036] The controller controls whether the current transformer (CT) is powered by switching the MOSFET. The circuit of the current transformer (CT) is shown in Figure 3, where 1 represents the control terminal and 2 represents the output terminal.

[0037] The power management and upgrade method for a CT power supply device can be executed by the CT power supply device itself. Specifically, it is executed by one or more processors within the CT power supply device to implement the following steps. It is understood that the CT power supply device can be an electronic device with computing capabilities, such as a laptop computer, desktop computer, server, smartphone, or tablet computer.

[0038] As shown in Figure 4, the steps for remotely upgrading the device are as follows.

[0039] S1. In response to a remote upgrade trigger request, collect the battery voltage, supercapacitor voltage, and electrical parameters of the current transformer (CT) of the device.

[0040] Specifically, after the device's RTC is periodically activated and it connects to the main station platform via GPRS, the main station sends an upgrade trigger request. Then, it immediately samples and reads the battery voltage. Supercapacitor voltage CT current And ambient temperature (Temp). A timed wake-up timer is preferred, running every 2 hours.

[0041] S2. Based on the collected parameters, calculate the total available energy of the equipment. The total available energy is the sum of the available energy of the battery, the available energy of the supercapacitor, and the predicted recoverable energy based on the CT parameters.

[0042] The calculation model for total available energy is as follows: .

[0043] .

[0044] .

[0045] In the formula To meet the energy demand. This refers to the energy available to the battery. This refers to the available energy in a supercapacitor. This is a short-term prediction based on the energy harvesting data of the last 10 CT scans under the current current conditions. This is the estimated SOC. This represents the minimum safe residual capacity of the battery. This refers to the battery capacity. To obtain the average voltage of the battery within this SOC range. This refers to the capacitance of the supercapacitor. This is the voltage of the supercapacitor. This is the minimum voltage of the supercapacitor.

[0046] Total available energy Used for and demanding energy Comparison. The usable battery energy is maintained at the minimum safe residual capacity. The energy that the battery can safely release without being touched. In this embodiment, Set to 10%-20% as the minimum SOC for the device, to ensure basic communication / sleep capabilities and prevent deep discharge from damaging the battery. Preferably, =2.3V. The unit is the farad (F).

[0047] Equipment upgrades require the device to have sufficient battery power to safely receive the upgrade package (e.g., SOC ≥ 40%). Existing technology has limitations: it relies solely on battery voltage (e.g., 3.2V) to determine battery capacity. At low temperatures (-10℃), 3.2V may correspond to an SOC of 30%, indicating insufficient actual capacity. With battery aging (500 charge-discharge cycles), 3.2V may correspond to an SOC of 45%, indicating an inflated actual capacity. Therefore, traditional capacity estimation methods cannot provide accurate capacity values. Thus, this embodiment uses SOC to determine upgrade conditions, rather than the voltage used in existing technologies.

[0048] SOC = State of Charge, which is the percentage of the battery's current remaining charge relative to its full capacity. This embodiment uses a temperature-aging dual-dimensional dynamically weighted SOC estimation model.

[0049] .

[0050] In the formula This is the estimated SOC. These are dynamic weighting coefficients. The battery capacity is estimated using the OCV lookup table method. For coulomb counting.

[0051] This is a non-fixed value used for temperature / aging dual-dimensional adjustment. The OCV lookup table method is a method for estimating battery capacity by using a table showing the correspondence between open-circuit voltage (OCV) and SOC (state of charge). The core is to establish an OCV-SOC lookup table and perform a fast lookup.

[0052] Dynamic weighting coefficients Adaptive adjustment based on temperature (Temp) and battery cycle count (aging level): Increase coulomb count weight when Temperature < -5℃ (low temperature) or cycle count > 500 (high aging). Reduce OCV lookup weight When the temperature is 25℃±10℃ (room temperature) or the number of cycles is less than 200 (low aging), increase the OCV lookup table weight K to improve estimation efficiency.

[0053] Coulomb counting This involves calculating the change in power consumption by measuring the current in real time and integrating it over time. The formula is: Power consumption change = Current × Time. For example: Discharge current of 0.1A for 1 hour → Power consumption = 0.1Ah. During sleep mode, the device does not need to perform calculations actively; the hardware (ADC detection circuit + MCU) automatically integrates the current, and the result is read directly upon waking.

[0054] This step is the core decision-making basis of the invention. The device employs a dynamic weighted algorithm to estimate the battery's state of charge (SOC). This algorithm combines the open-circuit voltage lookup table method and the coulomb counting method, and adaptively adjusts the weights of the two methods based on temperature and battery cycle count (aging degree) to overcome voltage-SOC relationship shifts caused by low temperature or aging. Subsequently, the total available energy of the system is calculated. It consists of three parts: the battery's available energy (minus the safety margin), the supercapacitor's instantaneous available energy, and the CT-collectable energy predicted based on recent historical data.

[0055] S3. Calculate the energy required to complete at least one upgraded data unit. Specifically, calculate the energy required for the upgrade. This can further and more effectively solve the problem of inaccurate power estimation.

[0056] .

[0057] .

[0058] .

[0059] .

[0060] In the formula To meet the energy demand. This refers to the energy consumption for communication. Energy consumption for writing upgrade data units to flash memory. Reserved for retransmission. This is for a safety margin. To achieve a constant (e.g., 4KB). The average cost of communication link and receiving end processing (needs to be calibrated in engineering). This represents the number of retransmissions.

[0061] Communication power consumption is the estimated energy required to complete a single upgrade data unit checkpoint. An upgrade data unit checkpoint is a write unit aligned with a flash sector / page. This includes power consumption for erasing, writing, and verification. The dynamic retransmission count is set as follows: Low temperature (-10℃): Signal attenuation ×2, retransmission count may reach 3~5 times. At this time → =2.0. Aging battery: Voltage fluctuations cause communication interruptions. =1.8. New battery at room temperature: stable communication. =1.5. The safety margin in this embodiment is set to 10% to 30%.

[0062] S4. Compare the total available energy with the required energy, and execute the corresponding upgrade strategy based on the comparison result. The upgrade strategy includes full upgrade mode, breakpoint resume mode or delayed upgrade mode.

[0063] S4, will and The comparison is performed, and the corresponding upgrade strategy is executed based on the comparison result. The upgrade strategy includes full upgrade mode, breakpoint resume mode, or delayed upgrade mode.

[0064] like Perform a complete upgrade (download and write all firmware according to the established upgrade process, and persist the progress in units of checkpoints during the writing process to prevent power failure).

[0065] like Perform breakpoint resume for fixed upgrade data units. This refers to the energy required for a fixed-point resume transmission. The fixed upgrade data unit checkpoint is aligned with the flash write / erase boundary. Entering "checkpoint mode," the device continues receiving, writing, and verifying fixed-size upgrade data units from the last saved fixed upgrade data unit position. After completing each fixed upgrade data unit, the breakpoint information is persisted and an ACK is returned. A re-evaluation is performed before writing each fixed upgrade data unit. and Ensure write safety.

[0066] Otherwise If the upgrade is delayed, no upgrade data units will be written. Instead, the CT will charge the supercapacitor until the preset threshold is met or the preset waiting time is reached, and then retry. At the same time, the current status (V_b, V_sc, SOC_est, E_avail, last breakpoint) will be reported to the main server.

[0067] S5. In the breakpoint resume mode, data is downloaded, written, and verified in fixed upgrade data units, and the breakpoint information is updated after each unit is completed. Preferably, S5 specifically includes S51 to S53.

[0068] S51, Update and data.

[0069] S52, Successful transmission (ACK) or failed transmission (NACK).

[0070] S53, after failure or timeout, resend once, which may be due to insufficient battery causing data abnormality.

[0071] S53. If it still fails or the power is insufficient, the startup phase after entering the breakpoint resume transmission and priority charging and entering the sleep stage will be paused, and the breakpoint resume transmission will continue at the next timed wake-up.

[0072] S6. After all upgrade data units have been written, perform device reboot, new firmware self-test, and result reporting. Preferred S6 steps include S61 to S64.

[0073] S61. Program update preparation: The firmware update process will only begin after the capacitor voltage is >= 2.5V or the battery voltage is >= 3.2V. If the voltage is not met, the system will continue in sleep mode until the requirements are met.

[0074] S62. Reboot and Self-Test: Set a boot timeout after BOOT startup (e.g., 10 seconds). Perform a self-test by comparing the MD5 checksum. If the self-test fails within this time, the original program will run instead of the new one.

[0075] S63. Submitting New Firmware and Reporting Success: If the self-test is successful, report a successful upgrade (version, time taken, power consumption summary). If the self-test fails, automatically roll back to the original firmware, save the fault log and report it.

[0076] S64, Clean Upgrade Firmware: Clean up temporary files, free up memory, reset the counter, and enter hibernation.

[0077] The symbols in the above text have the following meanings: CT stands for Current Transformer. SC stands for SuperCapacitor. SOC stands for State of Charge. OCV stands for Open Circuit Voltage. RTC stands for Real-Time Clock. MD5 stands for Message Digest Algorithm (used for verification).

[0078] The power management and upgrade method of this invention improves the upgrade reliability of equipment in long-term dormancy or low-energy states by introducing CT energy prediction and dual-source energy calculation to achieve accurate assessment of available energy.

[0079] This embodiment does not rely on dynamically changing the size of individual transmission units according to energy levels or an adaptive fragmentation strategy. The checkpoint unit is a fixed-size unit (such as a Flash sector) aligned with the memory erase / write boundary, and this unit is an implementation constant.

[0080] At the upgrade scheduling level, a decision is made on "full upgrade / breakpoint resume / delayed upgrade" based on a comparison between the total available energy and the energy required for the upgrade. Fixed checkpoint units aligned with the Flash erase / write boundary and a rollback mechanism are adopted to improve write reliability.

[0081] Figure 5 is the control logic diagram for the device startup phase, describing a charging control method based on three-level segmentation of capacitor voltage and dynamic switching of dual-stage thresholds. This method monitors the capacitor voltage in real time. With battery voltage By combining the switching logic of MOSFETs (MOS1 / MOS2 / MOS3), dynamic switching and energy distribution during the charging phase are achieved. This process is the startup phase, corresponding to different voltage thresholds and control strategies.

[0082] As shown in Figure 5, the steps of the device startup phase are as follows.

[0083] In response to equipment operation, the voltage of the current transformer (CT) is detected, and a CT voltage > 5.3V is determined to be a large current, while a CT voltage ≤ 5.3V is determined to be a small current.

[0084] Based on the CT voltage, supercapacitor voltage, and battery voltage, the switching states of multiple MOSFETs are controlled according to preset voltage thresholds to manage the charging of the supercapacitor and battery. The voltage thresholds include a first threshold and a second threshold for the supercapacitor voltage, and a third threshold for the battery voltage. The first threshold is greater than the second threshold. Preferably, the first threshold is 2.3V, the second threshold is 2.5V, and the third threshold is 3.2V.

[0085] In high-current scenarios, when the supercapacitor voltage is below a first threshold, the first MOSFET is turned on to charge the supercapacitor. When the supercapacitor voltage is between the first and second thresholds, the first MOSFET remains on to charge the supercapacitor. When the supercapacitor voltage reaches the second threshold, all MOSFETs are turned off.

[0086] In low-current scenarios, when the supercapacitor voltage is below the first threshold, all MOSFETs are turned on to charge the supercapacitor. When the supercapacitor voltage is between the first and second thresholds, if the battery voltage is below the third threshold, all MOSFETs are turned on to charge the supercapacitor. When the supercapacitor voltage reaches the second threshold, if the battery voltage is below the third threshold, all MOSFETs are turned on to charge the battery. Otherwise, all MOSFETs are turned off.

[0087] Specifically, a MOSFET is a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. A CT is a current transformer. Its function is to detect the magnitude of the input or output current of a system in real time. The principle is to convert a large current into a measurable small signal voltage (such as the CT voltage) through electromagnetic induction.

[0088] The purpose of the startup phase is to select different charging strategies based on the current magnitude to avoid overcharging or inefficiency. Specifically, a CT voltage > 5.3V indicates a high current input (e.g., fast charging). A CT voltage ≤ 5.3V indicates a low current input (e.g., low-power charging).

[0089] Startup phase: The main program can be started when the capacitor is above 2.3V; otherwise, if the voltage is insufficient, the program will enter a timer program to continue charging until the operating requirements are met.

[0090] First, determine the current scenario (high current vs. low current). During the startup phase, after the timer detects startup, the scenario is first distinguished based on the CT voltage: if the CT voltage > 5.3V, it is determined to be a "high current scenario". If the CT voltage ≤ 5.3V, it is determined to be a "low current scenario".

[0091] The logic branches for high-current scenarios (CT voltage > 5.3V) are as follows: Upon entering the high-current scenario, three categories are handled based on capacitor voltage: When capacitor voltage < 2.3V, MOS1 is turned on, and MOS2 and MOS3 are turned off. Charging state: Capacitor charging is prioritized, and the battery charging circuit is turned off. When 2.3V ≤ capacitor voltage < 2.5V, the "MOS1 on, MOS2 and MOS3 off" rule is maintained, capacitor charging is enabled, and battery charging is disabled. When capacitor voltage ≥ 2.5V, all MOS are turned off, and both capacitor and battery charging stop.

[0092] The logic branches for low-current scenarios (CT≤5.3V) are as follows: Upon entering the low-current scenario, the system is handled in three categories based on capacitor voltage: When capacitor voltage <2.3V, the actions are: MOS1, MOS2, and MOS3 are turned on. Charging state: Priority is given to capacitor charging, and the battery charging circuit is closed. When 2.3V≤capacitor voltage<2.5V, the battery voltage must be considered: If battery voltage <3.2V, MOS1, MOS2, and MOS3 remain on (capacitor charging is enabled, battery charging is disabled). If battery voltage ≥3.2V, all MOS are turned off, and capacitor and battery charging stops. When capacitor voltage ≥2.5V, the battery voltage is considered: If battery voltage <3.2V, MOS1, MOS2, and MOS3 are turned on (capacitor charging is disabled, battery charging is enabled). If battery voltage ≥3.2V, all MOS are turned off, and capacitor and battery charging stops.

[0093] This embodiment implements a three-level segmented control of dual-stage dynamic threshold plus capacitor voltage during the startup phase.

[0094] As shown in Figure 6, the steps during the equipment operation phase are as follows.

[0095] In response to equipment operation, the voltage of the current transformer (CT) is detected, and a CT voltage > 5.3V is determined to be a large current, while a CT voltage ≤ 5.3V is determined to be a small current.

[0096] Based on the CT voltage, supercapacitor voltage, and battery voltage, the switching states of multiple MOSFETs are controlled according to preset voltage thresholds to manage the charging of the supercapacitor and battery. The voltage thresholds include a first threshold and a second threshold for the supercapacitor voltage, and a fourth threshold for the battery voltage in high-current scenarios and a third threshold for low-current scenarios. The first threshold is greater than the second threshold. Preferably, the first threshold is 2.3V. The second threshold is 2.5V. The third threshold is 3.2V. The fourth threshold is 3.4V.

[0097] In high-current scenarios, when the supercapacitor voltage is below a first threshold, the first and second MOSFETs are turned on to charge the supercapacitor. When the supercapacitor voltage is between the first and second thresholds, if the battery voltage is below a fourth threshold, the first and second MOSFETs are turned on to charge both the supercapacitor and the battery simultaneously. When the supercapacitor voltage reaches the second threshold, if the battery voltage is below the fourth threshold, the first MOSFET is turned on to charge the battery. Otherwise, all MOSFETs are turned off.

[0098] In low-current scenarios, when the supercapacitor voltage is below the first threshold, all MOSFETs are activated to charge the supercapacitor. When the supercapacitor voltage is between the first and second thresholds, if the battery voltage is below the third threshold, all MOSFETs are activated to charge the supercapacitor. When the supercapacitor voltage reaches the second threshold, if the battery voltage is below the third threshold, all MOSFETs are activated to charge the battery.

[0099] Specifically, during the operation phase, the current scenario (high current vs. low current) is first determined. After the timed detection is started during operation, the scenario is first distinguished based on the CT voltage: CT voltage > 5.3V, it is determined to be a "high current scenario". CT voltage ≤ 5.3V, it is determined to be a "low current scenario".

[0100] The logic branch for high current scenarios (CT voltage > 5.3V) is as follows: after entering the high current scenario, it is processed into three categories according to the capacitor voltage.

[0101] When the capacitor voltage is <2.3V, the operation is as follows: MOS1 and MOS2 are turned on, and MOS3 is turned off. Charging state: The capacitor is charged first, and the battery charging circuit is closed.

[0102] When 2.3V ≤ capacitor voltage < 2.5V, further judgment needs to be made based on the battery voltage: If the battery voltage < 3.4V, keep "MOS1 and MOS2 on, MOS3 off" to enable capacitor charging and battery charging. If the battery voltage ≥ 3.4V, turn off all MOS (MOS1, MOS2, and MOS3 are all off), and simultaneously stop capacitor charging and battery charging.

[0103] When the capacitor voltage is ≥2.5V, the decision must also be made in conjunction with the battery voltage: If the battery voltage is <3.4V, turn on MOS1 and turn off MOS2 and MOS3. At this time, capacitor charging stops and battery charging begins. If the battery voltage is ≥3.4V, turn off all MOS, and both capacitor and battery charging stop.

[0104] The logic branch for the low current scenario (CT≤5.3V) is as follows: after entering the low current scenario, it is also divided into three categories according to the capacitor voltage.

[0105] When the capacitor voltage is <2.3V, the following actions are taken: MOS1, MOS2, and MOS3 are turned on. During charging, priority is given to charging the capacitor, and the battery charging circuit is closed.

[0106] When 2.3V ≤ capacitor voltage < 2.5V, the battery voltage must be considered: If battery voltage < 3.2V, keep MOS1, MOS2, and MOS3 on (enable capacitor charging, disable battery charging). If battery voltage ≥ 3.2V, disable all MOS, and capacitor and battery charging will stop.

[0107] When the capacitor voltage is ≥2.5V, the decision is made based on the battery voltage: If the battery voltage is <3.2V, MOS1, MOS2, and MOS3 are turned on (capacitor charging is turned off, and battery charging is turned on). If the battery voltage is ≥3.2V, all MOS are turned off, and capacitor and battery charging stops.

[0108] The core logic during operation is that the system distinguishes current scenarios (large / small current) by the CT voltage, and then dynamically adjusts the MOSFET state based on the capacitor voltage as a secondary condition and the battery voltage as a tertiary condition to achieve priority control or start / stop management of "capacitor charging and battery charging". Under different scenarios, the charging permissions of capacitors / batteries and the MOSFET on / off logic are precisely switched around the "voltage threshold" to ensure that energy distribution is adapted to the current operating conditions.

[0109] This embodiment solves the problem of "disconnect between energy replenishment and scheduling" through dual-stage charging control. Based on the "start-up stage / operation stage" and CT voltage (distinguishing between high / low current scenarios), the charging circuit is controlled by three sets of MOSFETs (MOS1-MOS3) with three threshold levels, realizing dynamic switching between "capacitor-priority charging" and "battery charging".

[0110] By employing a dual-stage (start-up / run) and three-level threshold MOSFET charging control strategy, the charging sequence and rate of the supercapacitor and battery are optimized, ensuring that the equipment can obtain sufficient start-up energy in a short time and provide stable power during operation.

[0111] The novel aspect of this invention is: CT energy harvesting prediction. Dual-source energy (capacitor + battery) The hardware charging strategy includes calculation, dual-stage MOS control, and energy feasibility assessment before checkpoints, prioritizing charging wait when energy is insufficient.

[0112] As shown in Figure 7, the process of the device performing the main task phase is as follows.

[0113] After device initialization, check if the power-on timer has exceeded the preset time (30 minutes). If it has, enter sleep mode; otherwise, continue executing the main task.

[0114] Perform ADC testing regularly to monitor supercapacitor voltage and battery voltage.

[0115] When the supercapacitor voltage is ≥2.5V or the battery voltage is ≥3.2V, acquire data from the acquisition unit and start the network task.

[0116] Execute network tasks and start the network task timer. If the network task timer exceeds the preset time (120 seconds), enter sleep mode; otherwise, parse the data from the acquisition unit and interact with the platform.

[0117] Manage the hibernation counter. If the hibernation counter exceeds a preset number (13 times), the device will be restarted.

[0118] During data interaction, it is determined whether a remote upgrade trigger request has been received. If so, the upgrade process begins.

[0119] Preferably, the CT power supply device is a suspended data collection unit terminal (i.e., the device) or a fault indicator (i.e., the acquisition unit). The suspended data collection unit terminal mainly performs the functions of summarizing and analyzing data and uploading it. The relationship between the device and the indicator is as follows: the data collection unit acquires data from the acquisition unit and uploads it to the main station.

[0120] This main process is used for the overall control logic of the device from power-on / initialization to entering hibernation, executing main tasks, interacting with the platform, and triggering upgrades. Key wake-up / entry into main tasks trigger points include: power-on timer, ADC (battery) detection, network / platform tasks, and hibernation wake-up count.

[0121] The upgrade process serves as an entry point in the main process (determining whether to proceed with the upgrade after parsing platform / collection unit data), with separate flowcharts drawn for upgrade details.

[0122] The main task phase includes the following steps.

[0123] 1. The system starts up and enters the initialization phase. Set to "Performance Mode".

[0124] 2. Check if the power-on timer is greater than 30 minutes. If yes (i.e., power-on time exceeds 30 minutes): Enter hibernation mode. Charge for 150 seconds and then exit hibernation. Increment the hibernation counter by 1. If no (power-on time does not exceed 30 minutes): Proceed to the next step.

[0125] 3. Perform ADC detection every 1 minute. Perform ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) detection once every 1 minute. Adjust the charging status according to the current operating stage.

[0126] 4. Determine if the capacitor voltage is ≥2.5V or the battery voltage is ≥3.2V. If yes: Acquire data from the acquisition unit. Start the network task. If no: Return to continue the ADC detection loop.

[0127] 5. Network Task Execution and Judgment. Execute the network task and start the network task timer. Determine if the network task timer is ≥120 seconds: If yes: Enter sleep mode. Process ends. If no: Parse the data from the acquisition unit. The platform and device exchange data.

[0128] 6. Hibernation Counter Check. The hibernation counter increments by 1 each time the system exits hibernation mode. Check if the hibernation counter has exceeded 13 counts: If yes: Trigger a system restart. If no: Continue with the normal process.

[0129] The upgrade process is as follows: If the result is "yes", proceed to the upgrade process (see Figure 1 for the upgrade process). If the result is "no", continue with the main task. End: The process terminates when specific conditions are met (e.g., network task timeout) and the system enters hibernation mode.

[0130] Key logic summary for the main task execution phase: The system remains active during the initial power-on period (≤30 minutes), periodically checking voltage and ADC values. After 30 minutes, it enters periodic sleep mode, incrementing the count by 1 for each sleep cycle. If the number of sleep cycles exceeds 13, it automatically restarts. Network tasks are only initiated when the voltage meets the standard (capacitor ≥2.5V or battery ≥3.2V). If a network task lasts longer than 120 seconds, it enters sleep mode and terminates the process. Data interaction is achieved by parsing data from the acquisition unit, ensuring normal communication between the platform and the device. This process demonstrates the system's energy-saving management, power monitoring, network task scheduling, and anomaly handling mechanisms.

[0131] As shown in Figure 8, the process of the device's sleep-wake phase is as follows.

[0132] The device is in sleep mode.

[0133] The device can be woken up by RTC timed charging, RTC timed running, or external RF.

[0134] In response to RTC timed charging wake-up, if the timed value is ≥60 seconds, the charging process will enter the running startup phase. After the charging process, it will determine whether the device is in an upgrade state. If it is in an upgrade state, the main task process will be entered.

[0135] In response to the RTC timed wake-up, if the timer value is ≥7200 seconds, the main task process will be entered directly.

[0136] In response to an external RF wake-up, if valid data is available, the main task process will begin.

[0137] After entering the main task flow, perform the operations of the main task phase.

[0138] Preferably, the hibernation-wake phase includes the following steps.

[0139] 1. Start. The process begins at the "Start" node.

[0140] 2. Sleep Mode. The device is in a low-power sleep state, waiting for a wake-up event.

[0141] 3. RTC Timed Charging Wake-up. When a "charging wake-up" event is received from the RTC, determine if the current timer value is greater than or equal to 60 seconds. Decision: Timer >= 60 seconds? Yes: Enter the "running startup phase charging process". No: The condition is not met, return to "sleep mode".

[0142] 4. Run the startup phase charging process (only if the timer is >= 60s). Execute the startup phase charging logic (such as connecting to charge, detecting charging status, etc.). After completion, determine if it is in "upgrade state". Decision: Is it in upgrade state? Yes: Enter "Enter Main Task Process" (subsequent execution of upgrade-related tasks or main tasks). No: If it is not in upgrade state, the process returns to "sleep mode".

[0143] 5. RTC Timed Wake-up. When an "Run Wake-up" event is received from the RTC, determine if the timer value is greater than or equal to 7200 seconds (i.e., 2 hours). Decision: Timer >= 7200 seconds? Yes: Proceed directly to "Enter Main Task Flow". No: Proceed to the next level wake-up judgment (external RF wake-up).

[0144] 6. External RF (Radio Frequency) Wake-up (after RTC wake-up). When the timer is less than 7200 seconds and this branch is entered, wait for an external RF wake-up event. After wake-up, determine if there is valid data to process. Decision: Is there data? Yes: Enter "Enter Main Task Flow" to process the received data. No: If there is no data, return to "Sleep Mode".

[0145] 7. Enter the main task process. After any of the conditions for entering the main task are met (from the charging process and in upgrade state, RTC running timer >= 7200 seconds, or external RF wake-up with data), the main task process will be entered and the process will end upon completion.

[0146] In the power management and upgrade method of the CT power-harvesting equipment in this embodiment, CT energy harvesting prediction and introduction of external harvestable energy: the short-term harvestable energy of the current transformer (CT) is included in the available energy calculation, which can more accurately obtain the power of the equipment.

[0147] At the hardware level, a supercapacitor and battery work together for power supply. A two-stage (startup / run) and three-level threshold MOSFET combination logic (including specific threshold judgment) is used to implement a capacitor-priority / battery-replenishment charging and discharging strategy. This allows for more precise control over the battery's power level.

[0148] Breakpoint resumption based on energy feasibility assessment and fixed checkpoints: Upgrades are based on fixed-size checkpoints (e.g., sectors) aligned with the Flash erase / write boundaries, and a checkpoint write is performed before each write operation. Verification, post-write verification, and rollback mechanisms. In upgrade mode, cycle adjustment and charging occur in parallel: upon receiving an upgrade trigger, the RTC running / charging cycle is temporarily shortened to accelerate the upgrade, while retaining and prioritizing the charging wake-up. After the upgrade is complete, the new running wake-up time is securely persisted.

[0149] The power management and upgrade method for CT power supply devices in this embodiment can significantly improve the upgrade success rate and reliability in low-energy / long-sleep scenarios (more accurate energy estimation, more certain write consistency, and more reasonable hardware-level energy allocation), and is particularly suitable for terminals that rely on overhead line CT power supply.

[0150] Introducing CT, dual-source management, and MOS logic increases hardware complexity and cost, requiring calibration of CT location, sampling accuracy, and prediction models. Thresholds and weights need to be adjusted based on variables such as battery aging and temperature. Fixed checkpoints can effectively improve consistency.

[0151] This approach incorporates short-term harvestable energy from CT scans into available energy. Quantitative prediction ( The upgrade decision and each checkpoint write are based on a more accurate energy assessment, avoiding write interruptions or partial writes caused by coarse energy estimation, and greatly improving the upgrade success rate in energy-constrained scenarios.

[0152] The "upgrade mode" introduces a temporary reduction in the RTC's operation / charging wake-up cycle while retaining the charging wake-up path. This allows the device to attempt energy replenishment and transmission more frequently during the upgrade process, thereby shortening the total upgrade time while ensuring the energy threshold, accelerating the upgrade process, and still enabling parallel charging.

[0153] Because it uses fixed checkpoint units aligned with the flash erase / programming units and MD5 verification, it ensures that each breakpoint either fully takes effect or does not take effect. The recovery logic is clear and reliable, improving firmware write consistency and recovery controllability (reducing the risk of bricking).

[0154] Because it achieves dual-source (supercapacitor + battery) collaboration and dual-stage MOS control (including explicit thresholds and switching strategies) at the physical layer, it reduces the limitations of relying solely on software parameter adjustments, making energy flow more controllable in high current / low power scenarios, pulse power supply safer, and providing better energy distribution and hardware-level protection, thus reducing the risk of operational interruption.

[0155] By aligning checkpoints with flash sector / pages, frequent read-modify-write operations are avoided. Combined with atomic commits and verification, this reduces the number of retries and error recovery attempts, thereby improving overall reliability and lifetime utilization within a limited write lifespan, simplifying write logic, and reducing flash wear and failure probability (engineering benefits at the implementation level).

[0156] The technology incorporates CT energy prediction, RTC cycle control in upgrade mode, atomic writing aligned with flash memory boundaries, and dual-source / dual-stage energy control at the hardware level. It represents a substantial improvement over existing technologies in terms of energy prediction accuracy, write atomicity, parallel charging capability, and hardware protection.

[0157] Example 2: The present invention provides a CT power supply device and its power management and upgrade device, which includes a data acquisition module, an available energy module, a demand energy module, an upgrade judgment module, and a breakpoint upgrade module.

[0158] The data acquisition module is used to collect key hardware status data in response to remote upgrade trigger requests.

[0159] The available energy module is used to calculate the total available energy of the equipment based on the collected parameters. The total available energy is the sum of the available energy of the battery, the available energy of the supercapacitor, and the predicted recoverable energy based on CT parameters.

[0160] The energy demand module is used to calculate the energy required to complete at least one upgrade data unit.

[0161] The upgrade judgment module is used to compare the total available energy with the required energy and execute the corresponding upgrade strategy based on the comparison result. The upgrade strategy includes a full upgrade mode, a breakpoint resume mode, or a delayed upgrade mode.

[0162] The breakpoint upgrade module is used in the breakpoint resume mode to download, write and verify data in fixed upgrade data units, and update the breakpoint information after each unit is completed.

[0163] Example 3: The present invention provides a CT power-harvesting device, which includes a supercapacitor, a battery, an ADC detection circuit for detecting power, an MCU electrically connected to the ADC detection circuit, three sets of current transformers (CTs) plus MOSFETs for harvesting power from overhead lines, and a controller electrically connected to the supercapacitor, battery, MCU and the three sets of power-harvesting devices.

[0164] The CT power supply device is suitable for performing the power management and upgrade method for the CT power supply device as described in any paragraph of Embodiment 1.

[0165] Example 4: This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored computer program, wherein, when the computer program is executed, it controls the device containing the computer-readable storage medium to perform the power management and upgrade method for a CT power supply device as described in any paragraph of Example 1.

[0166] Obviously, the embodiments described above are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0167] In the several embodiments provided in this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can also be implemented in other ways. The apparatus and method embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those marked in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram and / or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0168] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module can exist independently, or two or more modules can be integrated to form an independent part.

[0169] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, electronic device, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory, random access memory, magnetic disks, or optical disks. It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0170] The terminology used in the embodiments of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this invention are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0171] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0172] Depending on the context, the word "if" as used here can be interpreted as "when," "when," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, depending on the context, the phrase "if determination" or "if detection (of the stated condition or event)" can be interpreted as "when determination," "in response to determination," "when detection (of the stated condition or event)," or "in response to detection (of the stated condition or event)."

[0173] The terms "first" and "second" used in the embodiments are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of objects. It is understood that "first" and "second" can be interchanged in a specific order or sequence where permitted. It should be understood that the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0174] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for power management and upgrading of a CT power supply device, characterized in that, Includes: S1, Responding to a remote upgrade trigger request, collecting key hardware status data; S2, Calculating the total available energy of the device based on the collected parameters; The total available energy is the sum of the available energy of the battery, the available energy of the supercapacitor, and the predicted recoverable energy based on CT parameters; S3, calculate the energy required to complete at least one upgraded data unit; S4. Compare the total available energy with the required energy, and execute the corresponding upgrade strategy according to the comparison result. The upgrade strategy includes a full upgrade mode, a breakpoint resume mode, or a delayed upgrade mode. S5. In the breakpoint resume mode, download, write, and verify data in fixed upgrade data units, and update the breakpoint information after each unit is completed.

2. The power management and upgrade method for a CT power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Key hardware status data includes the device's battery voltage, supercapacitor voltage, and electrical parameters of the current transformer (CT); total available energy. The calculation model is as follows: ； ； In the formula This is the energy available to the battery; The available energy for supercapacitors; This is a short-term prediction based on the most recent 10 CT energy harvesting data under the current current conditions; For the estimated SOC; This represents the minimum safe residual capacity of the battery. Battery capacity; To obtain the average voltage of the battery within this SOC range; This refers to the capacitance of the supercapacitor. This is the voltage of the supercapacitor; The minimum voltage of the supercapacitor; SOC estimation model; In the formula These are dynamic weighting coefficients; Battery capacity estimated using the OCV lookup table method; For coulomb counting; Adaptive adjustment based on temperature (Temp) and battery cycle count: Increase coulomb count weight when Temperature < -5℃ or cycle count > 500. Reduce OCV lookup weight When the temperature is 25℃±10℃ or the number of cycles is less than 200, increase the OCV lookup table weight K to improve the estimation efficiency.

3. The power management and upgrade method for a CT power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy demand calculation model is as follows: ； ； ； In the formula For energy demand; For communication energy consumption; The energy consumption for writing upgrade data units to flash memory; Reserved for retransmission; For safety margin; To achieve constants; This represents the average processing cost of the communication link and the receiving end. The number of retransmissions is dynamic; the S5 interrupt point resume mode is a fixed upgrade data unit resume transmission; the size of the fixed upgrade data unit is aligned with the physical erase / write boundary of the device flash memory; the power management and upgrade method also includes S6; S6, after all upgrade data units are written, the device is restarted, the new firmware is self-tested and the results are reported.

4. The power management and upgrade method for a CT power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process also includes the following steps during startup: In response to equipment operation, the voltage of the current transformer (CT) is detected, and a CT voltage > 5.3V indicates a high current, while a CT voltage ≤ 5.3V indicates a low current. Based on the CT voltage, supercapacitor voltage, and battery voltage, the switching states of multiple MOSFETs are controlled according to preset voltage thresholds to manage the charging of the supercapacitor and battery. The voltage thresholds include a first threshold and a second threshold for the supercapacitor voltage, and a third threshold for the battery voltage. The first threshold is greater than the second threshold. In a high-current scenario, when the supercapacitor voltage is less than the first threshold, the first MOSFET is turned on to charge the supercapacitor. When the supercapacitor voltage is between the first and second thresholds, the first MOSFET remains on to charge the supercapacitor. When the supercapacitor voltage reaches the second threshold, all MOSFETs are turned off. In a low-current scenario, when the supercapacitor voltage is less than the first threshold, all MOSFETs are turned on to charge the supercapacitor. When the supercapacitor voltage is between the first and second thresholds, if the battery voltage is lower than the third threshold, all MOSFETs are turned on to charge the supercapacitor. When the supercapacitor voltage reaches the second threshold, if the battery voltage is lower than the third threshold, all MOSFETs are turned on to charge the battery; otherwise, all MOSFETs are turned off.

5. The power management and upgrade method for a CT power supply device according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes steps during the operation phase; in response to equipment operation, the voltage of the current transformer (CT) is detected, and a CT voltage > 5.3V is determined to be a large current, and a CT voltage ≤ 5.3V is determined to be a small current; based on the CT voltage, supercapacitor voltage, and battery voltage, the switching states of multiple sets of MOSFETs are controlled according to preset voltage thresholds to manage the charging of the supercapacitor and battery; wherein, the voltage thresholds include a first threshold and a second threshold for the supercapacitor voltage, and a fourth threshold for the battery voltage for high current scenarios and a third threshold for low current scenarios; the first threshold is greater than the second threshold; in a high current scenario, when the supercapacitor voltage is less than the first threshold, the first and second MOSFETs are turned on to charge the supercapacitor; ... When the voltage is between the first and second thresholds, if the battery voltage is lower than the fourth threshold, the first and second MOSFETs are turned on to charge both the supercapacitor and the battery simultaneously. When the supercapacitor voltage reaches the second threshold, if the battery voltage is lower than the fourth threshold, the first MOSFET is turned on to charge the battery; otherwise, all MOSFETs are turned off. In low-current scenarios, when the supercapacitor voltage is less than the first threshold, all MOSFETs are turned on to charge the supercapacitor. When the supercapacitor voltage is between the first and second thresholds, if the battery voltage is lower than the third threshold, all MOSFETs are turned on to charge the supercapacitor. When the supercapacitor voltage reaches the second threshold, if the battery voltage is lower than the third threshold, all MOSFETs are turned on to charge the battery.

6. The power management and upgrade method for a CT power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the steps of the main task phase; after device initialization, it checks whether the power-on timer has exceeded the preset time. If it has, it enters sleep mode; otherwise, it continues to execute the main task; it periodically performs ADC detection to monitor the supercapacitor voltage and battery voltage; when the supercapacitor voltage is ≥2.5V or the battery voltage is ≥3.2V, it acquires data from the acquisition unit and starts the network task; it executes the network task and starts the network task timer. If the network task timer exceeds the preset time, it enters sleep mode; otherwise, it parses the acquisition unit data and interacts with the platform. Manage the sleep counter; if the sleep counter exceeds a preset number of times, trigger a device restart. During data interaction, it is determined whether a remote upgrade trigger request has been received. If so, the upgrade process begins.

7. The power management and upgrade method for a CT power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the steps of the hibernation wake-up phase; the device is in hibernation mode; wake-up is achieved through RTC timed charging, RTC timed running wake-up, or external RF wake-up; wherein, in response to RTC timed charging wake-up, if the timer value is ≥60 seconds, the device enters the running startup phase charging process, and after the charging process, it is determined whether the device is in an upgrade state. If it is in an upgrade state, the device enters the main task process; in response to RTC timed running wake-up, if the timer value is ≥7200 seconds, the device directly enters the main task process; in response to external RF wake-up, if valid data exists, the device enters the main task process; after entering the main task process, the operations of the main task phase are executed.

8. A CT power supply device and its power management and upgrade mechanism, characterized in that, Includes: a data acquisition module, used to collect key hardware status data in response to remote upgrade trigger requests; The available energy module is used to calculate the total available energy of the device based on the collected parameters; The total available energy is the sum of the available energy from the battery, the available energy from the supercapacitor, and the predicted recoverable energy based on CT parameters; The energy demand module is used to calculate the energy required to complete at least one upgrade data unit; the upgrade judgment module is used to compare the total available energy with the energy demand, and execute the corresponding upgrade strategy according to the comparison result. The upgrade strategy includes a full upgrade mode, a breakpoint resume mode, or a delayed upgrade mode. The breakpoint upgrade module is used in the breakpoint resume mode to download, write and verify data in fixed upgrade data units, and update the breakpoint information after each unit is completed.

9. A CT power supply device, characterized in that, The device includes a supercapacitor, a battery, an ADC detection circuit for detecting power, an MCU electrically connected to the ADC detection circuit, three sets of current transformers (CTs) plus MOSFETs for drawing power from overhead lines, and a controller electrically connected to the supercapacitor, battery, MCU, and the three sets of power drawing equipment; the CT power drawing equipment is adapted to perform the power management and upgrade method of the CT power drawing equipment as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored computer program, wherein, when the computer program is executed, it controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform the power management and upgrade method for a CT power supply device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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