Intelligent roller with speed-increasing composite power generation device and mass block counterweight method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an intelligent roller with a speed-increasing composite power generation device and a mass block counterweight method of the intelligent roller. The intelligent roller comprises a roller body, an energy capture device, an energy management and sensing system, a battery and a wireless transmission module, wherein the energy capture device, the energy management and sensing system, the battery and the wireless transmission module are mounted in the roller body; the energy capture device comprises a friction nanometer power generation unit and an electromagnetic power generation unit. The energy capture device is arranged in the roller body to supply power to the capacity management and sensing system, the working time of the intelligent roller can be effectively prolonged, and the problems of time limitation of battery power supply and repeated disassembly and assembly are solved; kinetic energy of a roller body can be effectively captured by adopting a power generation mode of combining electromagnetism and friction nanometer power generation, high output power and power volume density are achieved, and aiming at the problems that a roller of a low-speed heavy-duty bearing is low in rotating speed and small in kinetic energy, a speed-increasing transmission mechanism and a mass block are adopted; the relative rotation speed of the coil assembly and the magnetic ring of the electromagnetic power generation unit is effectively improved, and efficient energy capture is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy harvesting technology and condition monitoring, specifically relating to a smart roller with a speed-increasing composite power generation device and its mass block counterweight method. Background Technology

[0002] The emergence and development of intelligent roller bearings, special bearing rollers integrating sensing, signal processing, and self-generating functions, is a result of the combined driving forces of the upgrading needs of industrial equipment condition monitoring and breakthroughs in energy harvesting technology. In the industrial field, bearings, as core components of rotating machinery, directly determine equipment reliability. For example, failures of critical components such as wind turbine main shaft bearings and tunnel boring machine main bearings can lead to millions of dollars in downtime losses. Traditional condition monitoring technologies have long been hampered by power supply problems: wired power supply requires complex wiring, cannot adapt to high-speed rotating components, and is susceptible to corrosion under harsh operating conditions; battery power supply has a limited lifespan, typically only 2 to 3 years, with a single replacement and maintenance cost exceeding 3,000 yuan, and poses environmental pollution problems due to discarded batteries, making it almost impossible to implement, especially under extreme conditions such as sealed environments, high temperatures, and humidity. With the popularization of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and predictive maintenance concepts, the market urgently needs a sensor power supply solution that requires no external power source and can operate sustainably. The intelligent roller bearing's internal power generation device has thus emerged, its core relying on the innovative development of energy harvesting technology.

[0003] Energy harvesting technology converts redundant mechanical and thermal energy in the environment into electrical energy, providing autonomous power for microsensors. Among these technologies, electromagnetic induction power generation is known for its maturity and reliability, boasting an energy conversion efficiency exceeding 95%. This technology utilizes Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, where a permanent magnet and a fixed coil are placed inside the central hole of a roller. As the roller rotates, the resulting change in the magnetic field induces a current in the coil. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology, with its excellent low-frequency response characteristics, has become a preferred solution for low-speed, heavy-load conditions in large bearings. Based on the coupling effect of triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction, this technology places a stator and rotor inside the roller, respectively attached with friction materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and copper. When the roller rotates, the relative motion between the two generates electrical charges, which are collected by electrodes and output as electrical energy. Its energy density can reach tens of milliwatts, and it offers advantages such as simple structure and low cost.

[0004] Currently, facing increasingly complex working conditions, single power generation technologies are no longer sufficient to meet actual needs. There is an urgent need in this field for a composite power generation device that can combine the high sensitivity of the former in the high frequency band with the high energy density of the latter in the low frequency band, thereby achieving a wider speed range. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, the first aspect of the present invention is to provide an intelligent roller with a speed-increasing composite power generation device. The second aspect, based on the same inventive concept, also provides a counterweight method based on a mass block inside the aforementioned intelligent roller.

[0006] In this embodiment of the invention, a smart roller with a speed-increasing composite power generation device includes a roller body, an energy harvesting device installed inside the roller body, an energy management and sensing system, a battery, and a wireless transmission module; the energy harvesting device includes a triboelectric nano-power generation unit and an electromagnetic power generation unit; the triboelectric nano-power generation unit includes a first triboelectric electrode fixed to the inner wall of the roller body, a mass block disposed inside the roller body capable of oscillating relative to the roller body, and a second triboelectric electrode disposed on the cylindrical surface of the mass block, wherein the first triboelectric electrode and the second triboelectric electrode are composed of a pair of materials with opposite polarities in the triboelectric charging sequence; the roller body... During rotation, the mass block oscillates relative to the roller body, causing the second friction electrode to periodically rub against the first friction electrode and generate electrical energy, which is collected and stored in the battery. The electromagnetic power generation unit includes a coil assembly fixed inside the roller body and a magnetic ring that is driven by the mass block through a speed-increasing transmission mechanism. When the roller body rotates, the mass block oscillates relative to the roller body. This oscillation is converted into a rotational motion of the magnetic ring around its axis by the speed-increasing transmission mechanism, causing relative rotation between the magnetic ring and the coil assembly and realizing electromagnetic induction power generation. The generated electrical energy is stored in the battery.

[0007] The mass block counterweight method of this invention includes the following steps: 1) The mass block has a semi-circular structure, and the motion state of the mass block's center of gravity A is determined; 2) During the deflection of the mass block by the driving force, based on the effects of inertial force, electromagnetic damping force, mechanical damping force, and gravity on the mass block, a dynamic equation for the mass block is constructed, and the total mass of the mass block is calculated based on the dynamic equation; 3) The thickness of the mass block is obtained according to the following mass block weight formula. .

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the superior technical solution of the present invention include:

[0009] 1. This invention employs an intelligent roller to sense the service status of low-speed heavy-load bearings and transmits data via a wireless transmission module. An energy harvesting device is arranged inside the roller body to power the capacity management and sensing system, effectively extending the working time of the intelligent roller and solving the problems of battery power time limitations and repeated disassembly and assembly. The power generation method combining electromagnetic and triboelectric nano-power generation can effectively harvest the kinetic energy of the roller body, possessing high output power and power volume density. The energy is stored in the battery. Furthermore, addressing the issues of low roller speed and low kinetic energy in low-speed heavy-load bearings, this invention uses a speed-increasing transmission mechanism and a oscillating mass block to effectively increase the relative rotational speed between the electromagnetic power generation unit coil assembly and the magnetic ring, achieving efficient energy harvesting.

[0010] 2. This invention employs a composite scheme of electromagnetic power generation and triboelectric nano-power generation. The triboelectric nano-power generation unit is extremely sensitive to low-speed, small-amplitude irregular oscillations or vibrations, and can efficiently convert mechanical energy into electrical energy when the intelligent roller starts, operates at low speeds, or experiences weak vibrations. The electromagnetic power generation unit, driven by a speed-increasing transmission mechanism, can output a stable current with high power under continuous, relatively large-amplitude oscillations. The combination of the two enables the energy harvesting device to cover a wide range of operating conditions, from low speed to high speed and from micro-vibrations to large-amplitude oscillations, greatly improving the ability to capture the "full spectrum" of random kinetic energy in complex and variable rolling environments, and avoiding the problem of a sharp drop in efficiency of a single power generation method under specific operating conditions. Moreover, the iteration and integration of electromagnetic and triboelectric nano-power generation not only breaks through the power supply bottleneck of intelligent rollers, but also promotes the leap from "periodic maintenance" to "real-time prediction" in condition monitoring, providing key technical support for improving the reliability of industrial equipment.

[0011] 3. In this invention, electromagnetic power generation and triboelectric nano-power generation operate in parallel. Even if one power generation unit experiences performance degradation or temporary failure due to extreme conditions (such as electromagnetic power generation in a strong magnetic interference environment or triboelectric nano-power generation in extreme humidity), the other power generation unit can still operate independently, providing a minimum power guarantee for critical sensing or monitoring functions and enhancing the robustness and reliability of the entire intelligent roller system. The triboelectric power generation unit primarily utilizes the surface properties of the material, while the electromagnetic power generation unit relies on a magnetic circuit and coils. Furthermore, their failure mechanisms differ, reducing the risk of energy harvesting device failure due to a single physical mechanism malfunction.

[0012] 4. The core driving element of this invention—the mass block—acts simultaneously on both the triboelectric nano-power generation unit and the electromagnetic power generation unit through its oscillation relative to the roller body. For the triboelectric nano-power generation unit, the oscillation of the mass block directly drives the second friction electrode to periodically contact and separate from the first friction electrode, achieving efficient triboelectric charging at low speeds. For the electromagnetic power generation unit, the oscillation of the mass block is converted into high-speed rotational motion of the magnetic ring relative to the coil assembly through the speed-increasing transmission mechanism, enabling the electromagnetic power generation unit, which was originally unable to generate electricity due to synchronized rotation speeds, to achieve efficient magnetoelectric conversion.

[0013] 5. This invention utilizes a mass block as a shared drive source for two different power generation mechanisms. It fully leverages the direct mechanical energy of the mass block's oscillation for triboelectric power generation and converts the amplitude of the oscillation into the high speed difference required for electromagnetic power generation through mechanical speed increase. This achieves coordinated and efficient energy harvesting of the same mechanical motion energy by the two power generation mechanisms in the same space. Furthermore, the second triboelectric electrode is set on the surface of the mass block, and the magnetic ring of the electromagnetic power generation unit is connected to the mass block through a speed-increasing transmission mechanism. This achieves a highly compact integration of the two power generation units within the limited space inside the roller body, avoiding the addition of extra moving parts and maximizing energy harvesting function while minimizing space occupation.

[0014] 6. In this invention, the mass block calculated at the maximum actual rotational speed of the roller body (i.e., the maximum rotational speed of the intelligent roller) is the overall mass. To accommodate different rotational speeds, the mass block can be divided into multiple sub-mass blocks. When the electromagnetic power generation unit generates electricity, differential motion occurs between the coil assembly and the magnetic ring, resulting in electromagnetic damping. This causes the mass block to oscillate. The smaller the mass block's mass, the smaller the kinetic energy of the oscillation, and the less impact it has on the roller body's operating state. This invention uses multiple sub-mass blocks to adapt to electromagnetic damping at different rotational speeds; as the rotational speed increases, the number of oscillating sub-mass blocks increases. Therefore, under low-speed conditions, only a small sub-mass block is needed to capture weak kinetic energy and efficiently collect it using the triboelectric power generation unit, while maintaining a slight influence on the running state of the roller body. When the speed increases and the electromagnetic damping effect is enhanced, more sub-mass blocks are linked in stages to participate in synchronous oscillation, increasing the overall rotational inertia of the oscillating object. On the one hand, this provides a larger driving torque to drive the electromagnetic power generation unit to generate higher output power. On the other hand, by increasing the equivalent mass, it significantly suppresses the amplitude of the violent oscillation of the mass block caused by electromagnetic damping, thereby effectively avoiding excessive disturbance and impact of the mass block on the operation of the roller body, ensuring the high-speed stability and reliability of the overall operation of the intelligent roller. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the smart roller with a speed-up composite power generation device in an embodiment.

[0016] Figure 2This is a side view of the speed-increasing transmission mechanism in the embodiment.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a side view schematic diagram of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit in the embodiment.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a side view of the electromagnetic power generation unit in the embodiment.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a simplified diagram of the energy harvesting device in the embodiment.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the driving part and the driven limiting part of the mass block in the embodiment.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a simplified diagram of the mechanism for calculating the total mass of the mass block.

[0022] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: roller body 1, support plate 2, electromagnetic housing 3, central shaft 3-1, speed-increasing transmission mechanism 4, first gear 4-1, second gear 4-2, third gear 4-3, fourth gear 4-4, bracket 5, speed-increasing support bearing 6, battery 7, energy management and sensing system 8, wireless transmission module 9, magnetic ring 10, coil assembly 11, coil 11-1, coil core 11-2, electromagnetic support bearing 13, mass block 14, first sub-mass block 14-1, second sub-mass block 14-2, third sub-mass block 14-3, first friction electrode 15, second friction electrode 16, driving part (pin) 17, driven limiting part (arc-shaped groove) 18. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] This embodiment provides a smart roller with a speed-increasing composite power generation device, such as Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the smart roller includes a roller body 1, an energy harvesting device installed inside the roller body 1, an energy management and sensing system 8, a battery 7, and a wireless transmission module 9. The roller body 1, the energy management and sensing system 8, the battery 7, and the wireless transmission module 9 utilize existing technology and are not the focus of this invention, and will not be described in detail.

[0026] In this invention, the energy harvesting device includes a triboelectric nanogenerator unit and an electromagnetic generator unit.

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the triboelectric nanogenerator unit includes a first triboelectric electrode 15 fixed to the inner wall of the roller body 1, a mass block 14 disposed inside the roller body 1 and capable of swinging relative to the roller body 1, and a second triboelectric electrode 16 disposed on the cylindrical surface of the mass block 14. The rotation axis of the mass block 14 is coaxial with the axis of the roller body 1. The first triboelectric electrode 15 and the second triboelectric electrode 16 are both composed of a pair of materials with opposite polarities in the triboelectric generation sequence. For example, the pair of materials with opposite polarities includes copper and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Preferably, copper is used to form the first triboelectric electrode 15 and PTFE is used to form the second triboelectric electrode 16. Specifically, multiple first triboelectric electrodes 15 can be uniformly arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the roller body 1, and multiple second triboelectric electrodes 16 can be uniformly arranged on the cylindrical surface of the mass block 14. For example, nine first triboelectric electrodes 15 and six second triboelectric electrodes 16 can be provided.

[0028] When the roller body 1 rotates, the mass block 14 oscillates relative to the roller body 1, and collects the kinetic energy of the roller body 1 through relative rotation. The relative oscillation of the mass block 14 causes the second friction electrode 16 to periodically rub against the first friction electrode 15 and generate electrical energy. The electrical energy is collected and stored in the battery 7. The specific process and principle of triboelectric nano-power generation are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, in this invention, the electromagnetic power generation unit includes a coil assembly 11 fixed inside the roller body 1 and a magnetic ring 10 connected to the mass block 14 via a speed-increasing transmission mechanism 4. When the roller body 1 rotates, the magnetic ring 10 and the coil assembly 11 can rotate relative to each other. When the roller body 1 rotates, the mass block 14 oscillates relative to the roller body 1. This oscillation is converted into rotational motion of the magnetic ring 10 around its axis via the speed-increasing transmission mechanism 4, causing relative rotation between the magnetic ring 10 and the coil assembly 11 and realizing electromagnetic induction power generation. The generated electrical energy is stored in the battery 7. The specific process and principle of electromagnetic induction power generation are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0030] Specifically, the magnetic ring 10 is covered by an electromagnetic housing 3 fixedly connected to it. The electromagnetic housing 3 has a central shaft 3-1 in the middle. The input shaft of the speed-increasing transmission mechanism 4 is sleeved on the central shaft 3-1 and can rotate relative to it. The output shaft of the speed-increasing transmission mechanism 4 is coaxially fixedly connected to the central shaft 3-1. Inside the roller body 1, a support plate 2 is fixedly connected to its inner wall and sleeved outside the central shaft 3-1. The coil assembly 11 is fixedly mounted on the support plate 2 and located inside the magnetic ring 10. The coil assembly 11 includes multiple sets of paired coils 11-1 and coil cores 11-2, for example, nine sets of coils 11-1 and coil cores 11-2 evenly distributed circumferentially. Preferably, a speed-increasing support bearing 6 (a common bearing that provides support) is provided between the input shaft of the speed-increasing transmission mechanism 4 and the central shaft 3-1 to ensure coaxial rotation; an electromagnetic support bearing 13 (also a common bearing that provides support) is provided between the support plate 2 and the central shaft 3-1 to ensure coaxial rotation.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, in this invention, the speed-increasing transmission mechanism 4 includes a transmission input shaft coaxially fixed to the rotation axis of the mass block 14, a transmission output shaft coaxially fixed to the magnetic ring 10, and a speed-increasing transmission chain consisting of at least two stages of external meshing gear pairs connected between the transmission input shaft and the transmission output shaft; the oscillation transmitted from the mass block 14 to the transmission input shaft is converted into high-speed rotation of the transmission output shaft and the magnetic ring 10 relative to the roller body 1 through the speed-increasing transmission chain.

[0032] Specifically, at least two-stage tandem external meshing gear pairs include a first-stage gear pair and a second-stage gear pair.

[0033] The first-stage gear pair includes a first gear 4-1 fixed coaxially with the transmission input shaft, and a second gear 4-2 fixedly meshing with the first gear 4-1 and rotatable relative to the roller body 1. The number of teeth of the first gear 4-1 is greater than the number of teeth of the second gear 4-2. The first gear 4-1 is sleeved outside the central shaft 3-1, and the speed-increasing support bearing 6 is located between the first gear 4-1 and the central shaft 3-1. The first gear 4-1 is coaxially fixed to the mass block 14 and swings together with it. The second gear 4-2 is rotatably mounted on a bracket 5 fixed to the inner wall of the roller body 1 via a rotating shaft, and is driven to rotate by the first gear 4-1.

[0034] The second-stage gear pair includes a third gear 4-3 fixed coaxially with the second gear 4-2, and a fourth gear 4-4 meshing externally with the third gear 4-3. The third gear 4-3 has more teeth than the fourth gear 4-4. The third gear 4-3 is fixed to the extension of the shaft of the second gear 4-2, ensuring that the two are coaxially fixed. The second gear 4-2 drives the third gear 4-3, which is coaxially fixed with it, to rotate. The fourth gear 4-4 is coaxially fixed with the transmission output shaft. The fourth gear 4-4 is sleeved outside the central shaft 3-1 and coaxially fixed with it. The third gear 4-3 drives the fourth gear 4-4 to rotate, and the fourth gear 4-4 drives the magnetic ring 10, which is coaxially fixed with it, to rotate.

[0035] The number of teeth on the first gear 4-1 is greater than the number of teeth on the second gear 4-2, and the number of teeth on the third gear 4-3 is greater than the number of teeth on the fourth gear 4-4, so as to achieve high-speed rotation of the fourth gear 4-4 by means of the number of teeth.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, in this invention, the mass block 14 includes N sub-mass blocks stacked along its rotation axis and rotatable relative to each other around its rotation axis, and N-1 linkage mechanisms respectively disposed between two adjacent sub-mass blocks, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The input shaft of the speed-increasing transmission mechanism 4 is coaxially fixed to the sub-mass block at the foremost position, that is, the first gear 4-1 is coaxially fixed to the first sub-mass block 14-1 immediately to its right. When the relative swing angle between the preceding sub-mass block 14 at the preceding position and the following sub-mass block 14 at the subsequent position reaches a preset angle threshold, the linkage is triggered, driving the following sub-mass block 14 to start swinging synchronously with the preceding sub-mass block 14; and as the driving force acting on the mass block 14 increases, each level of linkage mechanism is triggered sequentially, so that the number of sub-mass blocks 14 swinging synchronously around the rotation axis increases step by step.

[0037] Combination Figure 6 As shown, in one embodiment, each linkage mechanism of the mass block 14 includes a driving part 17 disposed on the preceding sub-mass block and a driven limiting part 18 disposed on the following sub-mass block and movingly cooperating with the driving part 17. In the untriggered state, there is a movement gap between the driving part 17 and the driven limiting part 18, allowing the preceding sub-mass block to swing freely relative to the following sub-mass block by a limited angle; in the triggered state, the driving part 17 contacts the limiting end of the driven limiting part 18 and pushes the following sub-mass block to swing. Specifically, the driving part 17 is a protruding pin, and the driven limiting part 18 is an arc-shaped groove symmetrically arranged with respect to the center line of gravity of the mass block 14. The pin 17 is engaged in the arc-shaped groove 18 and can slide within it. Half of the central angle corresponding to the arc-shaped groove 18 is a preset angle threshold. For example, if the central angle corresponding to the arc-shaped groove 18 is 30°, then the preset angle threshold is 15°.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention is illustrated using three sub-mass blocks as an example, namely, the first sub-mass block 14-1, the second sub-mass block 14-2, and the third sub-mass block 14-3. A protruding pin 17 is provided at the middle right side of the first sub-mass block 14-1, and a recessed arc-shaped groove 18 is provided at the middle left side of the second sub-mass block 14-1. The center angle of the arc-shaped groove 18 is 30°. As the rotational speed of the roller body 1 increases, when the swing angle of the first sub-mass block 14-1 is greater than 15°, the pin 17 on the right side of the first sub-mass block 14-1 drives the second sub-mass block 14-2 to swing together. A protruding pin 17 is also provided at the middle right position of the second sub-mass block 14-2, and a recessed arc-shaped groove 18 is provided at the middle left position of the third sub-mass block 14-3. The center angle of the arc-shaped groove 18 is 30°. As the rotational speed of the roller body 1 increases again, when the swing angle of the second sub-mass block 14-2 is greater than 15°, the pin 17 on the right side of the second sub-mass block 14-2 drives the third sub-mass block 14-3 to swing together.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] This embodiment provides a method for counterweighting a mass block, which is the mass block inside the smart roller of Embodiment 1. The counterweighting method includes the following steps:

[0041] 1) such as Figure 7 As shown, the mass block has a semi-circular structure. Determine the motion state of the mass block's center of gravity, point A:

[0042]

[0043] in, Let A be the distance between the center of gravity A of the mass block and the center of its circle. , The radius of the mass block is usually the same as the inner diameter of the roller body. Let be the deflection angle of the mass block, usually taken as 90°. The deflection angular velocity is the actual rotational speed of the roller body. The conversion between angular velocity and rotational speed is based on existing technology and will not be detailed here. This is the angular acceleration. and The displacement at point A is determined based on the actual structural dimensions of the roller body. and Let A be the velocity. and Let be the acceleration at point A.

[0044] Obtain the actual rotational speed of the roller body The method is as follows:

[0045]

[0046]

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] in, and These are the revolution speed and rotation speed of the roller body, respectively. and These are the rotational speeds of the inner and outer rings of the roller bearing, respectively. and These are the intelligent roller diameter and the bearing pitch circle diameter, respectively. For bearing coefficient, This refers to the contact angle of the intelligent roller. Each parameter needs to be calculated and determined based on the actual bearing dimensions and operating conditions, which is standard practice in this field.

[0050] 2) During the deflection of the mass block by the driving force, the dynamic equation of the mass block is constructed based on the inertial force, electromagnetic damping force, mechanical damping force and gravity acting on the mass block, and the total mass of the mass block is calculated based on the dynamic equation.

[0051] The dynamic equation of the mass block:

[0052]

[0053] Where F is the driving force of the mass block, Let be the moment of inertia of the mass block. For the number of coils, The electromagnetic damping force acting on the mass block. Where is the coil radius, The mechanical damping force acting on the mass block, The radius of action of the mechanical damping force. The total mass of the mass block. This represents gravitational acceleration. Each part of the dynamic equation is calculated using the structural and material parameters of the smart roller.

[0054] driving force of the mass block :

[0055]

[0056] Moment of inertia of the mass :

[0057]

[0058] Electromagnetic damping force on the mass block :

[0059]

[0060] in, The number of coil turns is determined based on the structural design of the intelligent roller. This represents the residual magnetic field strength of the magnetic ring, typically taken as 0.7T. The length of a single-turn coil is determined based on the structural design of the intelligent roller. The coil resistance is obtained based on the structural design of the smart roller. This is the ratio of the magnetic ring rotation speed to the roller body rotation speed;

[0061] Mechanical damping force on the mass block :

[0062]

[0063] in, This is the mechanical damping coefficient;

[0064] 3) Obtain the thickness of the mass block using the following formula. :

[0065]

[0066] in, The total mass of the mass block, The radius of the mass block is usually the same as the inner diameter of the roller body. Where is the thickness of the mass block, and is the total thickness of the mass block. When three sub-mass blocks are set, the thickness of each sub-mass block is one-third. , The density of the mass block, for example, if we choose metallic tungsten, its density is taken as 19.35 g / L. Alternatively, materials of other densities can be selected to make the mass block as small as possible to meet the operating conditions of the intelligent roller speed and achieve power generation.

[0067] 4) The actual rotational speed of the roller body The total mass and corresponding thickness of the mass block, as well as the radius and density of the mass block, are obtained when the maximum value is obtained (confirmed by calculation based on the working conditions of the roller bearing, which is a conventional technique in this field) and are used as the final counterweight parameters of the mass block.

[0068] In this invention, the electromagnetic damping force acting on the mass block is obtained. The method is as follows:

[0069] Electromagnetic damping force on the mass block

[0070]

[0071] in, The number of coil turns. The residual magnetic field strength of the magnetic ring. For the induced current in the coil, The length of a single-turn coil. This is the ratio of the magnetic ring rotation speed to the roller body rotation speed;

[0072] Coil induced current ,in, For coil resistance, The induced electromotive force of the coil. ,in, The coil rotation speed;

[0073] Will and Substitute ,get .

[0074] In this invention, the ratio of the magnetic ring rotation speed to the roller body rotation speed is obtained. The method is as follows:

[0075] According to the transmission ratio formula After deformation,

[0076]

[0077] in, It is the rotational speed of the first gear, which swings along with the mass block, and the rotational speed is 0. It is the rotational speed of the fourth gear, which is equal to the rotational speed of the magnetic ring; It is the rotational speed of the support, which is the same as the rotational speed of the roller body; It is the number of teeth on the first gear; It is the number of teeth on the second gear; It is the number of teeth on the third gear; It is the number of teeth on the fourth gear;

[0078] After deformation, the result is .

[0079] It should be noted that in this invention, the overall structural dimensions of the intelligent roller are all in meters (m), with magnetic field strength Gs, mass g, force N, and torque Nm. The overall structural dimensions are determined by the internal dimensions of the hollow cylindrical roller body, and the remaining dimensions can be adjusted according to the power generation and actual operating speed. Each parameter is mainly fine-tuned using conventional values. The values ​​must satisfy the consistency of the physical properties on both sides of the equation.

[0080] Because the faster the intelligent roller rotates, the greater the electromagnetic damping force, and the greater the mass required, the rotational speed of the intelligent roller is the input in the counterweight method of this invention. The rotational speed affects the magnitude of the electromagnetic damping force, and the output is the parameters of the mass block.

[0081] This invention can obtain the total mass of the mass block at different rotational speeds, including the maximum rotational speed and the long-term working speed; at the maximum rotational speed, the total mass of the mass block is calculated.

[0082] It can obtain the working time corresponding to different working speeds. It can divide the mass block into several sub-mass blocks based on the working speed with the longest working time, or it can be divided equally. The preferred number is three, but other values ​​are also possible.

[0083] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A smart roller with a speed-increasing composite power generation device, installed in a roller bearing, comprising a roller body, an energy harvesting device installed inside the roller body, an energy management and sensing system, a battery, and a wireless transmission module; characterized in that, The energy harvesting device includes a triboelectric nanogenerator unit and an electromagnetic generator unit; The triboelectric nanogenerator unit includes a first triboelectric electrode fixed to the inner wall of the roller body, a mass block disposed inside the roller body that can swing relative to the roller body, and a second triboelectric electrode disposed on the cylindrical surface of the mass block. The first and second triboelectric electrodes are made of a pair of materials with opposite polarities in the triboelectric generation sequence. When the roller body rotates, the mass block swings relative to the roller body, causing the second triboelectric electrode to periodically rub against the first triboelectric electrode and generate electrical energy, which is collected and stored in the battery. The electromagnetic power generation unit includes a coil assembly fixed inside the roller body and a magnetic ring that is connected to the mass block via a speed-increasing transmission mechanism. When the roller body rotates, the mass block oscillates relative to the roller body. This oscillation is converted into a rotational motion of the magnetic ring around its axis via the speed-increasing transmission mechanism, causing relative rotation between the magnetic ring and the coil assembly and realizing electromagnetic induction power generation. The generated electrical energy is stored in the battery.

2. The intelligent roller with a speed-increasing composite power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pair of materials with opposite polarities includes copper and polytetrafluoroethylene; the copper constitutes the first friction electrode, and the polytetrafluoroethylene constitutes the second friction electrode.

3. The intelligent roller with a speed-increasing composite power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The speed-increasing transmission mechanism includes a transmission input shaft coaxially fixed to the rotation axis of the mass block, a transmission output shaft coaxially fixed to the magnetic ring, and a speed-increasing transmission chain consisting of at least two stages of external meshing gear pairs connected between the transmission input shaft and the transmission output shaft. The oscillation transmitted from the mass block to the transmission input shaft is converted into high-speed rotation of the output shaft and magnetic ring relative to the roller body via the speed-increasing transmission chain.

4. The intelligent roller with a speed-increasing composite power generation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The at least two-stage tandem external meshing gear pair includes a first-stage gear pair and a second-stage gear pair; The first-stage gear pair includes a first gear fixed coaxially with the transmission input shaft, and a second gear fixed in a position to mesh externally with the first gear and rotatable relative to the roller body. The number of teeth of the first gear is greater than the number of teeth of the second gear. The second-stage gear pair includes a third gear fixed coaxially with the second gear and a fourth gear externally meshing with the third gear. The number of teeth of the third gear is greater than the number of teeth of the fourth gear, and the fourth gear is coaxially fixed to the transmission output shaft.

5. The intelligent roller with a speed-increasing composite power generation device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The mass block includes N sub-mass blocks stacked along its rotation axis and rotatable relative to each other around its rotation axis, and N-1 linkage mechanisms respectively disposed between two adjacent sub-mass blocks, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The input shaft of the speed-increasing transmission mechanism is coaxially fixed to the sub-mass block at the foremost position. When the relative swing angle between the preceding sub-mass block and the following sub-mass block in the preceding position reaches a preset angle threshold, the linkage of this level is triggered, driving the following sub-mass block to start swinging synchronously with the preceding sub-mass block. As the driving force acting on the mass block increases, the linkage mechanisms at each level are triggered in sequence, so that the number of sub-mass blocks that swing synchronously around the rotation axis increases step by step.

6. The intelligent roller with a speed-increasing composite power generation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Each stage of the linkage mechanism includes a driving part disposed on the preceding sub-mass block and a driven limiting part disposed on the following sub-mass block and moving in coordination with the driving part; In the untriggered state, there is a movement gap between the driving part and the driven limiting part, allowing the previous sub-mass block to swing freely relative to the next sub-mass block by a limited angle. In the triggered state, the driving part contacts the limiting end of the driven limiting part and pushes the next sub-mass block to swing.

7. The intelligent roller with a speed-increasing composite power generation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The driving part is a protruding pin, and the driven limiting part is an arc-shaped groove. Half of the central angle corresponding to the arc-shaped groove is the preset angle threshold.

8. A method for counterweighting a mass block, used to counterweight the mass block in the smart roller according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) The mass block has a semi-circular structure. Determine the motion state of the mass block's center of gravity point A: ， in, Let A be the distance between the center of gravity A of the mass block and the center of its circle. , Let the radius of the mass block be , Let be the deflection angle of the mass block. The deflection angular velocity is the actual rotational speed of the roller body. The conversion yields, This is the angular acceleration. and Let A be the displacement of point A. and Let A be the velocity. and Let A be the acceleration. 2) During the deflection of the mass block by the driving force, the dynamic equation of the mass block is constructed based on the inertial force, electromagnetic damping force, mechanical damping force and gravity acting on the mass block, and the total mass of the mass block is calculated based on the dynamic equation. The dynamic equation of the mass block: ， Where F is the driving force of the mass block, Let be the moment of inertia of the mass block. For the number of coils, The electromagnetic damping force acting on the mass block. Where is the coil radius, The mechanical damping force acting on the mass block, The radius of action of the mechanical damping force. The total mass of the mass block. It is the acceleration due to gravity; driving force of the mass block : Moment of inertia of the mass : Electromagnetic damping force on the mass block : in, The number of coil turns. The residual magnetic field strength of the magnetic ring. The length of a single-turn coil. For coil resistance, This is the ratio of the magnetic ring rotation speed to the roller body rotation speed; Mechanical damping force on the mass block : in, 3) Obtain the thickness of the mass block according to the following formula: (1) Mechanical damping coefficient; : in, The total mass of the mass block, Let the radius of the mass block be , For the thickness of the mass block, The mass density; 4) The total mass of the mass block, the corresponding thickness of the mass block, the radius of the mass block, and the density of the mass block, obtained when the actual rotational speed of the roller body reaches its maximum value, are used as the final counterweight parameters of the mass block.

9. The counterweight method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Obtain the actual rotational speed of the roller body The method is as follows: in, and These are the revolution speed and rotation speed of the roller body, respectively. and These are the rotational speeds of the inner and outer rings of the roller bearing, respectively. and These are the intelligent roller diameter and the bearing pitch circle diameter, respectively. For bearing coefficient, The contact angle of the intelligent roller.

10. The counterweight method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the electromagnetic damping force on the mass block is as follows: Electromagnetic damping force on the mass block : in, The number of coil turns. The residual magnetic field strength of the magnetic ring. For the induced current in the coil, The length of a single-turn coil. This is the ratio of the magnetic ring rotation speed to the roller body rotation speed; Coil induced current ,in, For coil resistance, The induced electromotive force of the coil. ,in, The coil rotation speed; Will and Substitute ,get: 。

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