System for tool cutting edge monitoring

Abstract

A method and system for monitoring and / or operating a machine (10) comprising a rotatable tool (20, 22) having a first number (L) of tool edges (310) configured to penetrate a raw material workpiece (30) when the tool (20, 22) is rotated for causing the tool edges (310) to shear the raw material (30) in order to generate a product piece (95; 96) to cause a vibration (YPENF) having a first repetition frequency (fR, fTP) dependent on the rotational speed (U1, fROT) of the rotatable tool (20, 22) and dependent on the first number (L), the method comprising: receiving a vibration signal (SFPENF; sEA, SMD, Se (i), S (j), S (q)), receiving a position signal (Ep, P (i), P (j), P (q)) indicative of a rotational position of the rotatable tool (20, 22), generating, based on the vibration signal and the position signal, a signal indicative of a wear state (X; xI).

Description

System for monitoring tool cutting edges Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machines including tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces, and to the monitoring of such machines. The invention also relates to a method for generating information related to the tool wear condition of a machine including tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces, and to the field of controlling such machines. The invention further relates to a method for operating a shearing process in a machine including tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces, and to an apparatus for monitoring the tool wear condition of such machines. The invention also relates to an apparatus for controlling the tool wear condition of a machine including tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces. The invention also relates to a computer program for monitoring the tool wear condition of a machine including tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces. Finally, the invention relates to a computer program for controlling the tool wear condition of a machine including tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces. The present invention also relates to an apparatus for monitoring and / or operating a machine (10) including a rotatable tool, and a method of operating such an apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] In some industries (such as forestry), there is a need to shear large pieces of material to reduce the size of individual blocks of the received material. Machines, including tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping them, can achieve this material shearing. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Given the existing technology, the problem to be solved is how to generate improved information related to the tool wear condition of a machine including tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces, and / or how to obtain improved methods for operating the shearing process in a machine including tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces.

[0004] The example given in this article solves this problem. Attached Figure Description

[0005] To provide a simple understanding of the invention, it will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein FIG1A shows a schematic side view of a system including a machine comprising tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping the raw material workpieces.

[0006] Figure 1B is a block diagram of a machine including tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces, which is a block that receives multiple inputs and generates multiple outputs.

[0007] Figure 2 shows another example of a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of Figure 1A.

[0008] Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram of an example of the analysis device shown in Figure 1.

[0009] Figure 4 is a simplified diagram of the program memory and its contents.

[0010] Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the analysis device.

[0011] Figure 6A is a diagram of the signal pairs S(i) and P(i) transmitted by the A / D converter.

[0012] Figure 6B is a diagram of the sequence of signal pairs S(i) and P(i) transmitted by the A / D converter.

[0013] Figure 7 is a block diagram showing an example of a state parameter extractor.

[0014] Figure 8 is a simplified diagram of an example of a memory and its contents.

[0015] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for operating the state parameter extractor of Figure 7.

[0016] Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for performing step S#40 of Figure 9.

[0017] Figure 11 is a flowchart illustrating another example of the method.

[0018] Figure 12 is a flowchart illustrating another example of the method for performing step S#40 of Figure 9.

[0019] Figure 13 is a diagram showing a series of time-series position signals P1, P2, P3, ..., where each position signal P indicates a complete circle of the monitored tool.

[0020] Figures 15A and 15B are block diagrams illustrating an example of a state parameter extractor.

[0021] Figures 16A and 16B show examples of visual indications of analysis results related to the time domain.

[0022] Figures 17A and 17B show examples of visual indications of analysis results related to the frequency domain.

[0023] Figure 18 illustrates an exemplary interaction between the tool cutting edge and the raw material.

[0024] Figures 19A, 19B, and 19C show examples of different types of machines used for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces.

[0025] Figure 20 is a block diagram of an example of a compensation extractor.

[0026] Figure 21 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of the method for operating the compensation extractor of Figure 20.

[0027] Figures 22A, 22B, and 22C show flowcharts of implementation methods for operating the compensation extractor of Figure 20.

[0028] Figure 26 shows a schematic top view of another embodiment of a system including a machine that includes tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping the raw material workpieces.

[0029] Figure 27 shows a schematic top view of another embodiment of a system including a machine that includes tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping the raw material workpieces.

[0030] Figure 28 shows a schematic top view of another embodiment of a system including a machine that includes tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping the raw material workpieces.

[0031] Figure 29 shows a schematic top view of another embodiment of a system including a machine that includes tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping the raw material workpieces.

[0032] Figure 31 is a block diagram illustrating another example of a state parameter extractor.

[0033] Figure 32 is a block diagram of an exemplary system.

[0034] Figure 33 is a block diagram of an exemplary system.

[0035] Figure 34 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary system including a machine.

[0036] Figure 35 is a schematic general overview of the information that can be conveyed by an exemplary input / output interface.

[0037] Figure 39 is a block diagram of a system for monitoring the tool wear condition X of a machine tool and implementing improved control of shearing and / or forming processes occurring in the machine.

[0038] Figure 40 is a block diagram of a system for monitoring the tool wear condition X of a machine tool and implementing improved control of shearing and / or forming processes occurring in the machine. Detailed Implementation

[0039] In the following text, similar features in different examples will be represented by the same reference numbers.

[0040] Figure 1A shows a schematic side view of a system 5 including machine 10. For example, machine 10 may be a wood chipper. Alternatively, machine 10 may be a cutter, for example, with a circular saw. Another example is that machine 10 is a lathe or any other machine that cuts and / or shapes raw material 30 by means of a tool 20 that interacts with the raw material 30 in a rotary or cyclic repetitive manner. The term "cyclic repetitive" may refer to a cycle, i.e., cutting and / or shaping a raw material workpiece 30, such that each cycle is the machining of a raw material workpiece 30 by the tool 20 in a lathe.

[0041] Figure 1A also shows a cross-sectional view, section AA. Section AA is also identified by reference numeral 15. Machine 10 includes a tool 20 for shearing raw material 30, the tool 20 including a tool edge 310 arranged to shear and / or shape the raw material 30. In the cross-sectional view identified by reference numeral 15 in Figure 1A, tool 20 is shown rotating clockwise at a speed f from the viewing angle. ROT Rotate, like a bent arrow f ROT As shown.

[0042] It should be understood that the terms "raw material workpiece" and "raw material" refer to the same material. Generally, a workpiece is the raw material that the machine is currently processing. The term "raw material" refers to raw material being processed, raw material to be processed, and more generally, raw material suitable as a raw material workpiece in a machine. It should also be understood that the term "raw material workpiece" includes raw material intended to be cut into smaller pieces, such as tree trunks chopped into pieces by a wood chipper.

[0043] It should be understood that shearing and / or shaping the raw material 30 by bringing the raw material workpiece 30 into contact with the rotating tool 20 is equivalent to bringing the correspondingly moving raw material workpiece 30 into contact with the tool 20, or a corresponding combination of movements.

[0044] The machine includes a tool 20 for shearing raw material workpiece 30 and / or shaping the raw material workpiece 30, and a support 21 for the raw material 30 during operation. The support 21 is in contact with a vibration sensor 70. The support 21 and the vibration sensor 70 are arranged such that changes in the force applied to the raw material 30 by the tool edge 310 of the rotating tool 20 cause vibration through the support 21, which is detected by the vibration sensor 70 as the vibration amplitude.

[0045] Typically, the cutting edge 310 of the tool has a fixed position relative to the tool 20.

[0046] According to some embodiments, tool 20 is connected to motor 101 via shaft 102 that rotates about rotation axis 60. Tool 20 is rotatable about rotation axis 60, and motor 101 is arranged to rotate tool 20. In this respect, it should be noted that shaft is an imaginary line (axis of rotation) about which an object rotates. The rotation of tool 20 brings tool cutting edge 310 into contact with raw material 30. Typically, raw material 30 is pushed against the rotating tool, as indicated by force arrow F in FIG1A, such as gravity, a raw material feeding device (not shown), or a combination thereof.

[0047] Vibration sensor 70 can generate measurement signal S EA Measurement signal S EA This can depend on the mechanical vibrations or impact pulses generated as the tool 20 rotates. In some examples, the machine 10 includes two or more vibration sensors 70 arranged at different locations. In some of these examples, the system 5 is configured to combine the corresponding position signal E P For each vibration signal S from each vibration sensor 70 EA Perform signal analysis.

[0048] The example of system 5 is operable when the vibration sensor 70 is securely mounted on or at a measuring point on machine 10. The measuring point may include a connection coupler to which the sensor 70 is securely or detachably attached. In the example shown in FIG1A, the sensor 70 is mounted on shaft 102. Alternatively, the sensor 70 may be mounted elsewhere on a tooling machine including tools for shearing raw material workpiece 30 and / or shaping raw material workpiece 30, where the sensor 70 is capable of generating a measurement signal S based on mechanical vibrations or impact pulses generated when the tool 20 rotates. EA .

[0049] Raw material 30 may include plant matter, biological matter, polymers, metals and / or rocks. Typically, when selecting raw material 30, a tool 20 is provided for it, which can easily cut and / or shape raw material 30 by cutting.

[0050] Machine 10 has an output area (not shown) for conveying output material 95 that has passed through machine 10.

[0051] Typically, raw material 30 is fed to tool 20 via a raw material feeding device. In some examples, machine 10 includes a raw material feeding device. In some of these examples, machine 10 obtains raw material state data indicating the properties of the raw material 30 supplied to machine 10.

[0052] According to some embodiments, machine 10 operates to perform shearing. According to one embodiment, machine 10 is a machine for performing shearing. Machine 10 includes a plurality of tool edges 310 for shearing raw material 30 into output material 95, such as shearing a portion of a tree into sawdust.

[0053] The output area 90 of machine 10 may include a separator for conveying output material 95 and for maintaining output material 95 with performance exceeding limits. The separator may include a screen configured to screen out output material 95 with dimensions greater than a certain limit value for conveying as output material 95.

[0054] One measure of the production quality of machine 10 can be the variability of the properties of the output material, or the amount of output material produced per hour with acceptable properties within certain limits.

[0055] Output material limits and tool wear condition limits are related to thresholds or process-compatible value ranges. For example, tool wear condition limits may be related to a maximum threshold for tool wear levels, where higher tool wear levels are expected to no longer produce the desired output material.

[0056] Furthermore, high efficiency in the shearing process is desirable. One aspect of shearing process efficiency is the amount of raw material processed per unit time (30%).

[0057] Another aspect of shearing process efficiency is the amount of raw material consumed per unit of energy to minimize energy consumption during the shearing process. Therefore, it is desirable to increase or optimize throughput by outputting material 95 kg / kWh. In this context, it should be noted that machines including tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping them can typically have high power consumption. Therefore, when a machine including tools 20 for shearing raw material workpieces 30 and / or shaping them 30 operates 24 hours a day, year-round, even a small increase in shearing process energy efficiency, such as as low as one percent (1%), can result in significant energy cost savings. Such improvements in energy efficiency may result from properly adjusting the operating parameters of machine 10 and / or replacing worn tools 20 at the right time.

[0058] The efficiency of the shearing process in machine 10 depends on several variables, one of the most important of which is the tool wear condition X of the tool 20 of machine 10, such as the amount of wear on the tool edge 310 of tool 20. Therefore, it is desirable to monitor the tool wear condition X of the tool 20 of machine 10 to avoid operating machine 5 when the tool edge 310 is severely worn.

[0059] It should be understood that the term "tool wear condition X" relates to the actual condition of the tool. The values ​​X1, X2, and X3, which indicate tool wear condition X, represent estimates or provide information related to tool wear condition X.

[0060] Another variable affecting the efficiency of the shearing process in machine 10 is the properties of the raw material 30. Furthermore, the properties of the raw material 30 are not constant over time. Therefore, due to variations in the properties of the raw material 30, the efficiency of the shearing process may change over time. The property distribution of the raw material 30 to be processed can determine whether the tool wear condition X of tool 20 is acceptable, thereby determining whether tool 20 needs to be completely or partially replaced.

[0061] Tool 20 typically comprises a body consisting of multiple evenly spaced tool edges 310. Tool 20 is usually located inside machine 10 and cannot be directly accessed from the outside to reduce the risk of accidents. During operation of machine 10, visually inspecting tool 20 or tool edges 310 or using conventional measurement methods may be impractical.

[0062] The purpose of this document is to describe methods and systems for improved monitoring of tool wear condition X of a tool 20 in a machine 10 used for shearing and / or shaping raw material workpieces during operation. Another purpose of this document is to describe methods and systems for improving a human-machine interface (HCI) related to tool wear condition in a machine including a tool 20 for shearing and / or shaping raw material workpieces during operation. A further purpose of this document is to describe methods and systems for an improved graphical user interface related to the shearing process in a machine 10 including the tool 20.

[0063] The inventors recognized that during the operation of machine 10, there may be mechanical vibration V that indicates the impact between the tool edge 310 of the rotating tool 20 and the raw material workpiece 30. IMP The inventors also envisioned this mechanical vibration V IMP It can indicate the current tool wear condition and / or the current state of the shearing process of machine 10. When the tool edge 310 is subjected to force F IMP When the raw material is impacted at 30°C, mechanical vibration V may be generated. IMP This leads to mechanical impact vibration V. IMP The impact. In fact, mechanical impact vibration V IMP Indicates the current tool wear status and / or the current status of the shearing process of machine 10.

[0064] The sensor 70, positioned at the support 21, can detect vibrations passing through the raw material 30 during operation of the machine 10. Therefore, referring to Figure 1A, the sensor 70 is capable of generating a measurement signal S based on the mechanical vibrations or impact pulses generated when the tool 20 rotates and contacts the raw material workpiece 30.EA Therefore, the measured signal S EA The impact force F between the tool cutting edge and the raw material 30 during the operation of machine 10 can be determined and indicated. IMP .

[0065] Sensor 70 may be, for example, an accelerometer 70, configured to generate a value that depends on the impact force F. IMP The amplitude measurement signal S EA .

[0066] The inventors concluded that there may be mechanical vibration V indicating the current tool wear state and / or the current state of the shearing process of machine 10. IMP However, the traditional methods used to measure vibration and / or to analyze and / or visualize such vibration may not be sufficient to date.

[0067] An analytical device 150 is provided for monitoring the shearing process. The analytical device 150 may also be referred to as a monitoring module 150A.

[0068] Analysis device 150 can analyze the measurement signal S EA Generate information indicating the tool wear status during the shearing process. Generate a measurement signal S. EA The sensor 70 is coupled to the input terminal 140 of the analysis device 150 so as to transmit the measurement signal S EA The signal is transmitted to analysis device 150. Analysis device 150 also has a second input 160 for receiving a position signal Ep that depends on the rotational position of tool 20. More generally, for repetitive cycles, the term P relates to the tool position along the cycle path; for rotating tool 20, the cycle position P is typically an angle between 0 degrees and 360 degrees.

[0069] A position sensor 170 is provided to generate a position signal Ep based on the rotational position of the tool 20. In FIG. 1A, the position signal Ep is measured at the axis 102 of the machine 10; in some embodiments, the position information Ep is measured directly at the tool 20. As described above, the tool 20 can rotate about the rotation axis 60, and therefore the position sensor 170 can generate a position signal Ep having a tool position signal value P. S A sequence (not shown) is used to indicate the instantaneous rotational position of tool 20. Position marker 180 can be disposed on the outer surface of tool 20 such that when tool 20 rotates about rotation axis 60, position marker 180 passes position sensor 170 for each revolution of the tool, thereby causing position sensor 170 to generate a rotation marker signal P. S Such a rotational marker signal P SThe marker signal, which can be in the form of an electrical pulse, has a precisely detectable edge and indicates a specific rotational position of the monitored tool 20. The analysis device 150 can generate an indicator of the rotational speed f of the tool 20 based on the position signal Ep. ROT Information such as the time duration between rotation mark signals PS can be obtained, for example, by detecting the time duration between rotation mark signals PS. When the position sensor 170 is an optical device (e.g., a laser transceiver), the position mark 180 can be, for example, an optical device 180 (e.g., a reflector 180), such as a laser transceiver configured to generate a rotation mark signal P when a laser beam strikes the reflector 180, causing a change in the intensity of the laser reflection. S Alternatively, when the position sensor 170 is a device 170 configured to detect a changing magnetic field, the position marker 180 can be, for example, a magnetic device 180, such as a strong magnet 180. An example of a device configured to detect a changing magnetic field is a device including an induction coil that generates an electric current in response to the changing magnetic field. Thus, the device 170 configured to detect a changing magnetic field is configured to generate a rotation marker signal P when passing the magnetic device 180. S Alternatively, the position sensor 170 can be implemented by an encoder 170, which is mechanically coupled to the rotary tool 20, such that the encoder generates, for example, a marker signal P each revolution of the rotary tool 20. S .

[0070] System 5 may include a control room 220, allowing machine operator 230 to operate machine 10. Analysis device 150 may be configured to generate information indicating the tool wear status of tool 20 on machine 10. Analysis device 150 also includes a human-machine interface (HCI) 210 for user input and output. HCI 210 may include a display or screen 210S for providing visual indications of the analysis results. The displayed analysis results may include information indicating the tool wear status during the shearing process, enabling operator 230 to control the machine, which includes tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces.

[0071] Machine controller 240 is configured to transmit rotational speed setpoint f ROT_SP and / or machine instruction M of machine 10 INSTR The machine controller 240 can be connected to the human-machine interface (HCI) 210 and / or the analysis device 150. According to some embodiments, the rotational speed setpoint f... ROT_SP Set by operator 230. According to some implementations, the machine's machine instruction M... INSTR Selected by operator 230. Therefore, machine controller 240 may include machine user input / output interface 250, enabling the operator to transmit the rotational speed setpoint f. ROT_SPand / or the machine instruction M of the machine INSTR .

[0072] In some implementations, the machine instruction M of machine 10 INSTR Including instructions to perform at least one of the following: - stop the process, - initiate the replacement of tool 20 or its parts, - execute an automatic process to replace tool 20 or its parts, - adjust the operating mode of machine 10, and / or - generate visual and / or sound signals for the operator at machine 10 based on the tool wear condition of tool 20.

[0073] The machine controller 240 can be configured to restart the machine 10 after receiving information that the instruction tool 20 has been successfully replaced.

[0074] The machine can be arranged to receive the rotational speed setpoint f ROT_SP At that time, try to achieve the corresponding rotational speed f of tool 20. ROT .

[0075] Machine 10 can be configured to respond to received machine instructions M INSTR Adjust tool 20, such as tilting the tool edge 310.

[0076] According to some implementations, the machine controller 240 can also set the rotational speed f of the tool. ROT Generate setpoint value f ROT_SP Rotational speed setpoint value f ROT_SP It can also be called U1 SP Rotational speed setpoint value f ROT_SP (also known as U1) SP It can be generated in response to user input from machine operator 230 via user input / output interface 250.

[0077] The machine controller 240 can also generate a set of setpoint values, each setpoint value corresponding to the operating parameters of the machine 10, such as setpoint value U1. SP U2 SP and U3 SP .

[0078] In some implementations, the setpoint value is related to the force F that the raw material workpiece 30 presses against the tool 20 and / or the type or size of the raw material 30 to be processed.

[0079] In some embodiments, machine 10 includes means for feeding raw materials to tool 20. In some of these embodiments, the machine includes means for feeding raw materials and means 30 for selecting different types and / or sizes of raw materials. The term "raw material size" may relate to the cross-sectional area of ​​the raw material workpiece 30 during processing.

[0080] In the example shown in Figure 1A, the machine user input / output interface 250 is coupled to the regulator 240, and the HCI 210 is coupled to the analysis device 150 or the monitoring module 150A, which is configured to generate information indicating the tool wear status of the tool 20 of the machine 10. Therefore, when coupled only to the monitoring module 150A as shown in Figure 1A, the HCI 210 can be advantageously added in the control room 220 without modifying any previously existing input / output interfaces 250 and regulators 240 used by the machine operator 230 to operate the machine 10.

[0081] One objective of the solutions and examples disclosed in this document is to describe an improved method and system for monitoring the tool wear condition X of tool 20 in machine 10 during operation. Furthermore, one objective of the solutions and examples disclosed in this document is to describe an improved human-machine interface (HCI) method and system related to conveying useful information about the tool wear condition X in machines including tools used for shearing and / or shaping raw material workpieces during operation. Another objective of this document is to describe an improved graphical user interface (GUI) method and system related to the shearing process in machine 10.

[0082] Another objective of the solutions and examples disclosed in this document is to describe methods and systems for improved control of the output Y of machine 10 during operation. Yet another objective of the solutions and examples disclosed in this document is to describe methods and systems for improved human-machine interface (HCI) that communicate useful information during operation regarding the output state Y indicating output material 95 from machine 10 and / or also convey useful information regarding the corresponding tool wear state X of tool 20 in machine 10, which includes tools for shearing and / or shaping raw material workpiece 30 during operation.

[0083] In some implementations, instead of the HCI being coupled to the regulator 240 as a separate input / output interface coupled to the analysis device 150 or the monitoring module 150A, the machine user input / output interface 250 provides an integrated HCI 210, 250, 210S. Therefore, the input / output interface 210 in the implementation can be configured to enable all of the aforementioned inputs and / or outputs together with interfaces 210 and 250.

[0084] Figure 1B is a block diagram illustrating a machine including tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces, which is a block 10B that receives multiple inputs U1, ..., Uk and generates multiple outputs Y1, ..., Yn. Referring to Figure 1B, it should be noted that, for ease of analysis, machine 10 can be considered as a black box 10B, which has multiple input variables, referred to as input parameters U1, U2, U3, ..., Uk, where the index k is a positive integer. During the operation of the black box machine 10B, the black box machine 10B has a tool wear state X, and it produces multiple output variables, also referred to as output parameters Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn, where the index n is a positive integer.

[0085] The tool wear state X of machine 10 can be described or represented by multiple tool wear state parameters X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm, where the index m is a positive integer.

[0086] Using linear algebra terminology, the input variables U1, U2, U3, ..., Uk can be collectively referred to as the input vector U; the tool wear state parameters X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm can be collectively referred to as the tool wear state vector X; and the output parameters Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn can be collectively referred to as the output vector Y.

[0087] The tool wear state X of machine 10 can be referred to as X(r) at a point in time called r. This tool wear state X(r) can be described or indicated by multiple parameter values ​​that define different aspects of the tool wear state X(r) of machine 10 at time r.

[0088] The tool wear state X(r) of the black-box machine 10B depends on the input vector U(r), while the output vector Y(r) depends on the tool wear state vector X(r). One aspect of the tool wear state X is the cutting edge 310 of the tool 20 used to process the raw material 30, and the tool wear state vector X(r) does not change immediately. Therefore, during the operation of the machine 10, the tool wear state X(r) can be regarded as a function of the earlier tool wear state X(r-1) and the input U(r): X(r) = f1(X(r-1), U(r)), where X(r-1) represents the tool wear state X of the tool 20 at a time point before time point r.

[0089] Similarly, the output Y of black box 10B can also be considered as a function of tool wear state X: Y(r) = f2(X(r)). Figure 2 is another example of a cross-sectional view similar to the one depicted in Figure 1A, taken along line AA of the machine, showing a more detailed example of tool 20. Tool 20 may have tool edge attachment devices 22 for releasably attaching multiple tool edges 310. According to one example, the tool edge attachment device 22 is configured to releasably attach at least one tool edge 310. Figure 2 depicts two tool edge attachment devices 22, each attaching one tool edge 310. In some embodiments, all tool edges 310 are attached via tool edge attachment device 22. In some embodiments, multiple tool edges 310 are attached via the same tool edge attachment device 22. In some embodiments, all tool edges 310 are attached via the same tool edge attachment device 22.

[0090] According to some embodiments, at least two tool edges 310 are provided on the tool 20. The example tool 20 shown in FIG2 includes twelve tool edges 310, which can be arranged radially on the tool 20 at equal angular intervals, as indicated by reference numeral 310_. I 310_ II 310_ III 310_ IV 310_ V 310_ VI 310_ VII 310_ IIX 310_ IX 310_ X 310_ XI 310_ XII As shown, each of the Roman numerals I, II...XI, XII in the index represents a single tool cutting edge 310.

[0091] The tool cutting edge 310 can be configured to engage and deform the raw material 30 as the tool 20 rotates about the axis of rotation 60. The raw material 30 has a material surface, i.e., the boundary between the environment and the raw material 30. The term "deformation" refers to any change in the shape of an object and / or the removal of parts of an object, such as peeling bark from a log.

[0092] In Figure 2, tool 20 rotates clockwise at a speed f. ROT Rotation. The tool edge 310 includes structures such as cutting blades or saw teeth protruding from the tool edge attachment 22. The tool edge 310 has a front edge (not shown) that engages and shears the raw material 30 as the tool rotates about the rotation axis 60, such that the raw material workpiece 30 is sheared and / or reshaped and / or deformed.

[0093] In one example, the tool edge 310 is integrally formed with the tool edge attachment 22 and the tool 20 as a single unit. According to some embodiments, the tool edges 310 are surrounded by equal space around the tool 20, such that, for rotating the tool 20, the tool edges 310 (more specifically, the front edges of the tool edges 310) will pass through the resting position on the surface of the tool 20 at a constant frequency. Thus, referring to the exemplary tool 20 shown in FIG. 2, which includes twelve tool edges 310, the angular distance between any two adjacent tool edges 310 is 30 degrees. In the context of a rotating tool, it should be noted that when there are L tool edges 310 on the tool, and the L tool edges 310 are positioned such that the front edges of the tool edges 310 are evenly spaced, the angular distance between any two adjacent front edges is 360 / L degrees. Therefore, when there are L tool edges 310 at the corner position on tool 20, and the L tool edges 310 are positioned at equal intervals, the angular distance between any two adjacent tool edges 310 is 360 / L degrees.

[0094] The term "front edge of a tool cutting edge" refers to one or more portions of the raw material that the tool cutting edge is intended to engage during operation. For example, for a saw blade tool cutting edge, the front edge would be the teeth of the saw blade, or the outermost portion of the saw blade teeth. Unless otherwise stated, uniformly spaced tool cutting edges also mean uniformly spaced front edges of the tool cutting edges.

[0095] In the example shown in Figure 2, tool position measurement is performed at tool 20. Position sensor 170 is fixedly mounted to generate a sequence of position signals Ep with position signal values ​​PS, indicating the instantaneous rotational position of tool 20. Position marking device 180 can be disposed on the outer surface of tool 20 such that as tool 20 rotates about rotation axis 60, position mark 180 passes position sensor 170 for each revolution of the tool, causing position sensor 170 to generate a rotation mark signal value P. S The position sensor 170 may include a tachometer 170 that transmits, for example, a position signal pulse Ep per revolution.

[0096] The position marking device 180 may include a metal object. For example, the metal object may be a bolt or a metal bracket. The machine 10 and / or tool 20 may include multiple position sensors 170 and / or multiple marking devices 180, thereby allowing multiple interactions between the position sensors 170 and the position marking devices 180 per revolution.

[0097] An important aspect of the shearing process is the flow rate of the output material 95 exiting the machine 10. The conveying of the output material 95 from the machine 10 can also be referred to as the output material discharge rate.

[0098] Raw material 30 can be measured as it is fed into machine 10. A feed analyzer 325 can be provided to generate measurements indicating at least one raw material property U4. At least one feed property U4 may include the raw material size distribution. Therefore, the raw material size distribution can be estimated, for example, by measurement. Alternatively, the raw material size distribution U4 can be predetermined. In some examples, the raw material size distribution U4 is known because it is processed and / or sorted before the raw material 30 arrives at machine 10.

[0099] Once the raw material 30 enters the machine 10, it can be collectively referred to as raw material workpiece 30. Upon contact with the rotating tool 20, the raw material workpiece 30 is deformed, typically resulting in breakage into smaller fragments, which are discharged from the machine 10 via a zone. This deformation causes a change in the size distribution of the raw material, thereby producing output material 95.

[0100] During operation, the output material 95 is discharged at an output material discharge rate R. SDis Outflow from machine 10. The output material discharge rate R can be measured. SDis And it can be regarded as the output parameter Y1.

[0101] It can measure the size distribution of the output material and provide values ​​indicating the size distribution, such as output parameter values ​​Y2, Y3, etc. It can also measure the surface roughness of the output material and provide a value indicating the surface roughness as output parameter value Y4.

[0102] It is believed that the output material property Y depends on

[0103] -Properties of raw materials U, and

[0104] -Tool wear condition X for machine 10.

[0105] Referring to Figure 1A, during steady-state operating conditions, the mass flow rate of material entering and exiting machine 10 will be constant or substantially constant. Therefore, the flow of output material 95 leaving machine 10 can be discussed based on the mass per unit time, for example, measured in kilograms per minute or metric tons per hour.

[0106] Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram of an example of the analysis device 150 shown in Figure 1.

[0107] The analysis device 150 has a function for receiving analog vibration signals S from the vibration sensor 70. EA Input terminal 140. Input terminal 140 is connected to analog-to-digital (A / D) converter 330. A / D converter 330 operates at a specific sampling frequency f. S For the received analog vibration signal S EASampling is performed in order to transmit data at a specific sampling frequency f. S Digital measurement data signal S MD Furthermore, the amplitude of each sample depends on the amplitude of the analog signal received at the sampling time. Digital measurement data signal S is transmitted at the digital output terminal 340 coupled to the data processing device 350. MD .

[0108] Referring to Figure 3, the data processing device 350 is coupled to a computer-readable medium 360 for storing program code. The computer-readable medium 360 may also be referred to as memory 360. The program memory 360 is preferably non-volatile memory. The memory 360 may be a read / write memory, i.e., capable of reading data from memory and writing new data to memory 360. According to one example, the program memory 360 is implemented using flash memory. The program memory 360 may include a first memory segment 370 for storing a first set of executable program code 380 to control the analysis device 150 to perform basic operations. The program memory 360 may also include a second memory segment 390 for storing a second set of program code 394. The second set of program code in the second memory segment 390 may include program code for causing the analysis device 150 to process detection signals. Signal processing may include processing for generating information indicating the tool wear state of a machine, which includes tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces, as discussed elsewhere in this document. Furthermore, signal processing may include control of a machine comprising tools for shearing and / or shaping raw material workpieces, as discussed elsewhere in this document. Therefore, signal processing may include generating data indicating the tool wear state X of a machine comprising tools for shearing and / or shaping raw material workpieces, as disclosed in embodiments of, for example, the state parameter extractor 450 of Figures 5, 15, and / or 24.

[0109] The memory 360 may further include a third memory segment 400 for storing a third set of program code 410. This set of program code 410 in the third memory segment 400 may include program code for causing the analysis device to perform a selected analysis function. When the analysis function is performed, the analysis device may present the corresponding analysis results on the user interfaces 210, 210S, or transmit the analysis results on port 420.

[0110] The data processing device 350 is also coupled to a read / write memory 430 for data storage. The memory 430 may include non-volatile memory segments for storing data such as reference values ​​and / or historical measurements. Therefore, the analysis device 150 includes a data processor 350 and program code for causing the data processor 350 to perform certain functions, including digital signal processing functions. When it is stated in this document that the device 150 performs a particular function or method, that statement may mean that a computer program operates within the data processing device 350 to cause the device 150 to perform the methods or functions described in this document.

[0111] Processor 350 may be a digital signal processor (DSP). DSP 350 may also be referred to as a DSP. Alternatively, processor 350 may be a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Therefore, a computer program can be executed by the FPGA. Alternatively, processor 350 may include a combination of a processor and an FPGA. Therefore, the processor can be configured to control the operation of the FPGA.

[0112] Figure 4 is a simplified diagram of the program memory 360 and its contents. The simplified diagram is intended to convey an understanding of the general idea of ​​storing different program functions in memory 360 and is not necessarily a correct technical instruction on how programs will be stored in actual memory circuitry. The first memory segment 370 stores program code used to control the analysis device 150 to perform basic operations. Although the simplified diagram in Figure 4 shows pseudocode, it should be understood that the program code can consist of machine code or program code of any level that can be executed or interpreted by the data processing device 350 (Figure 3).

[0113] The second memory segment 390 shown in Figure 4 stores a second set of program code 394. When operated on the data processing device 350, the program code 394 in segment 390 causes the analysis device 150 to perform functions, such as digital signal processing functions. These functions may include digital measurement data signals S. MD Advanced mathematical processing.

[0114] A computer program for controlling the functions of the analysis device 150 can be downloaded from a server computer. This means that the program to be downloaded is transmitted over a communication network. This can be achieved by carrying the program over a communication network via a modulated carrier wave. Therefore, the downloaded program can be loaded into a digital memory, such as memory 360 (see Figures 3 and 4). Thus, program 380 and / or signal processing program 394 and / or analysis function program 410 can be received via a communication port such as port 420 (Figures 1A and 3) to load them into program memory 360.

[0115] Therefore, this document also relates to a computer program product, such as program code 380 and / or program code 394 and / or program code 410, which can be loaded into the digital memory of the device. The computer program product includes software code portions that, when the product is run on the data processing unit 350 of the device 150, are used to perform signal processing methods and / or analysis functions. The term "running on the data processing unit" means that the computer program, together with the data processing unit 350, performs the methods described in this document.

[0116] The phrase "computer program product loadable into the digital memory of the analysis device" means that a computer program can be incorporated into the digital memory of the analysis device 150 to enable the analysis device 150 to be programmed to perform or be adapted to perform the methods described herein. The term "loaded into the digital memory of the device" means that a device programmed in this manner is capable of or adapted to perform the functions and / or methods described herein. The aforementioned computer program product may also be programs 380, 394, 410 loadable onto a computer-readable medium (such as an optical disc or DVD). Such a computer-readable medium can be used to transmit programs 380, 394, 410 to a client. Alternatively, as described above, the computer program product may include a carrier wave, which is modulated to carry the computer program 380, 394, 410 over a communication network. Therefore, computer programs 380, 394, 410 can be downloaded from a vendor server to a client with the analysis device 150 via the Internet.

[0117] Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the analysis device 150. In the example of Figure 5, some functional blocks represent hardware, and some functional blocks may represent hardware, or may represent functions implemented by running program code on the data processing device 350, as discussed in conjunction with Figures 3 and 4.

[0118] The device 150 in Figure 5 illustrates an example of the analysis device 150 shown in Figure 1A and / or Figure 3. For simplicity, Figure 5 also shows some peripheral devices coupled to the device 150. A vibration sensor 70 is coupled to the input 140 of the analysis device 150 to convert the analog measurement signal S... EA (also known as vibration signal S) EA The data is transmitted to analysis device 150.

[0119] Furthermore, position sensor 170 is coupled to second input terminal 160. Therefore, position sensor 170 transmits Ep to second input terminal 160 of analysis device 150 based on the rotational position of tool 20 and the position signal of tool cutting edge 310.

[0120] Input terminal 140 is connected to analog-to-digital (A / D) converter 330. A / D converter 330 operates at a specific sampling frequency f. S For the received analog vibration signal S EA Sampling is performed in order to transmit data at a specific sampling frequency f. S Digital measurement data signal S MD Furthermore, the amplitude of each sample depends on the amplitude of the analog signal received at the sampling time. Digital measurement data signal S is transmitted on the digital output terminal 340. MD The digital output is coupled to the data processing unit 440. The data processing unit 440 includes function blocks indicating the functions performed. In terms of hardware, the data processing unit 440 may include a data processing unit 350, a program memory 360, and a read / write memory 430, as described above in conjunction with Figures 3 and 4. Therefore, the analysis device 150 of Figure 5 may include the data processing unit 440 and program code for causing the analysis device 150 to perform certain functions.

[0121] Digital measurement data signal S MD It is processed in parallel with the position signal Ep. Therefore, the A / D converter 330 can be configured to sample the analog vibration signal S. EA Simultaneously sample the position signal Ep. The position signal Ep can be sampled using the same sampling frequency f. S To execute in order to generate digital position signal E PD The amplitude of each sample P(i) depends on the amplitude of the received analog position signal Ep at the sampling time.

[0122] As described above, the analog position signal Ep can have a marker signal value P. S For example, in the form of an electrical pulse, the marker signal value has an amplitude edge that can be accurately detected and indicates a specific rotational position of the monitored tool 20. Therefore, although the analog position marker signal P... S It has amplitude edges that can be accurately detected, but the digital position signal E PD It will switch from the first value (e.g., "0" (zero)) to the second value (e.g., "1" (one)) at different times.

[0123] Therefore, the A / D converter 330 can be configured to transmit a sequence of measurement pairs S(i) associated with the corresponding position signal value P(i). The letter "i" in S(i) and P(i) represents a time point, i.e., a sample number. Thus, by analyzing the time series of the position signal value P(i), the indicative digital position signal E can be identified. PD The sample P(i) that has switched from the first value (e.g., "0" (zero)) to the second value (e.g., "1" (one)) is used to detect the timing of the occurrence of the rotation reference position of the rotating tool.

[0124] Figure 6A is a diagram of the signal pairs S(i) and P(i) transmitted by the A / D converter 330.

[0125] Figure 6B is a diagram illustrating the sequence of signal pairs S(i) and P(i) transmitted by the A / D converter 330. The first signal pair includes a first vibration signal amplitude value S(n) associated with sampling time "n", which is transmitted simultaneously with a first position signal value P(n) associated with sampling time "n". This is followed by a second signal pair, which includes a second vibration signal amplitude value S(n+1) associated with sampling time "n+1", which is transmitted simultaneously with a second position signal value P(n+1) associated with sampling time "n+1", and so on.

[0126] Referring to Figure 5, signal pairs S(i) and P(i) are transmitted to state parameter extractor 450. State parameter extractor 450 is configured to generate and output a value indicating tool wear condition X. The value indicating tool wear condition X is based on the measured impact force F generated when the cutting edge 310 of the rotating tool interacts with the raw material workpiece 30. IMP (See Figure 1A and Figure 2). As described above, the digital location signal E can be identified by analyzing the time series of the location signal value P(i) and recognizing the sample P(i). PD The value has been switched from the first value (e.g., "0" (zero)) to the second value (e.g., "1" (one)) to detect the timing of the occurrence of the rotation reference position of the rotation tool.

[0127] Figure 5 shows five output values: indicating the impact force F. IMP The amplitude of S p (r), R indicating the position and / or rotation of the indicator tool 20 at the time of impact. T (r), the corresponding derivative, and the indicator tool 20 for determining the rotational speed f. ROT (r). It should be understood that the state parameter extractor 450 can generate various types of output values, such as values ​​representing signal pairs S(i), P(i) in the time domain. According to one example, the state parameter extractor 450 can generate time-domain values ​​by averaging signal pairs S(i), P(i) over multiple rotations.

[0128] The state parameter extractor 450 can also be configured to generate a set of cyclic position values ​​P(i) based on cyclic position values ​​P(i) from multiple rotations and vibration signal values ​​S(i). TSA and a set of corresponding average vibration signal values ​​S TSA In some examples, a set of cyclic position values ​​P TSA and a set of corresponding average vibration signal values ​​S TSAIncluding the average vibration amplitude value S at equidistant locations along the rotation or cyclic path TSA (i) and position value P TSA (i), such as 360 pairs of values ​​containing one rotation, where a pair of values ​​is spaced 1 degree apart.

[0129] The state parameter extractor 450 can also be configured to generate frequency amplitude and / or frequency phase based on the Fourier transform of the cyclic position value P(i) and the vibration signal value S(i). The relationship between the frequency amplitudes of different frequencies or frequency bins can indicate the tool wear state X. The phase of different frequencies or frequency bins can indicate the tool wear state X and / or the position of the interaction between the raw material workpiece 30 and the tool cutting edge 310 on the tool 20.

[0130] Figure 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a portion of a state parameter extractor 450. According to one example, the state parameter extractor 450 includes a memory 460. The state parameter extractor 450 is adapted to receive a sequence of measured values ​​S(i) and a sequence of position signals P(i), as well as the temporal relationship between them, and the state parameter extractor 450 is adapted to provide the time-coupled value sequence S(i), f ROT (i) and P(i). Therefore, a single measurement value S(i) corresponds to the velocity value f. ROT (i) Related, velocity value f ROT (i) indicates the rotational speed of tool 20 when detecting the associated single measurement value S(i). This will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 8 through 13.

[0131] Figure 8 is a simplified illustration of an example of memory 460 and its contents, and columns #01, #02, #03, #04 and #05 on the left side of the illustration of memory 460 provide illustrative images intended to show the time relationship between the detection time of the encoder pulse signal P(i) (see column #02) and the corresponding vibration measurement value S(i) (see column #03).

[0132] As described above, the analog-to-digital converter 330 operates at an initial sampling frequency f S For analog electrical measurement signal S EA Sampling is performed to generate a digital measurement data signal S MD It can also have essentially the same initial time resolution f. S The encoder signal P is detected, as shown in column #02 of Figure 8.

[0133] Column #01 illustrates the time progression as a series of time slots, each with a duration dt = 1 / f. Sample ; where f Sample It is related to the analog electrical measurement signal S EA The initial sampling frequency f for samplingS Sampling frequencies that have an integer relationship. According to a preferred example, the sampling frequency f... Sample It is the initial sampling frequency f S According to another example, the sampling frequency f Sample The first reduced sampling frequency f SR1 , with the initial sampling frequency f S In comparison, it reduces M by an integer multiple.

[0134] In column #02 of Figure 8, each positive edge of the encoder signal P is represented by a "1". In this example, positive edges of the encoder signal P are detected in slots 3, 45, 78, and 98, as shown in column #02. According to another example, negative edges of the position signal are detected, which provides an equivalent result to detecting positive edges. According to yet another example, both positive and negative edges of the position signal are detected to obtain redundancy by allowing later selection of whether to use positive or negative edges.

[0135] Column #03 shows the sequence of vibration sample values ​​S(i). Column #05 shows the corresponding sequence of vibration sample values ​​S(j) when integer decimation is performed. Therefore, when integer decimation is performed by this level, it can be set, for example, to provide an integer decimation factor M=10, and as shown in Figure 8, a vibration sample value S(j) will be provided for every ten samples S(i) (see column #03 in Figure 8) (see column #05 in Figure 8). According to one example, by setting the position-time signal in column #04 to the value PT=3, very precise position and time information PT associated with the decimated vibration sample value S(j) is maintained to indicate the detection of a positive edge in time slot #03 (see column #02). Therefore, the value of the position-time signal after integer decimation indicates the detection time of the position signal edge P relative to the sample value S(1).

[0136] In the example in Figure 8, the amplitude value of the position time signal at sample i=3 is PT=3, and because the decimation factor M=10, sample S(1) is transmitted in time slot 10, which means that the edge is detected in M-PT=10-3=7 time slots before the time slot of sample S(1).

[0137] Therefore, device 150 can operate to process information about the positive edges of encoder signal P(i) in parallel with vibration sample S(i), in order to establish velocity value f from detecting analog signal. ROT The above signal processing maintains the time relationship between the positive edge of the encoder signal P(i) and the corresponding vibration sample value S(i) and / or the integer extracted vibration sample value S(j).

[0138] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for operating the state parameter extractor 450 of Figure 7.

[0139] According to one example, the state parameter extractor 450 analyzes (step S#10) the temporal relationship between three consecutively received position signals to determine whether the monitored rotating tool 20 is in a constant speed phase or an acceleration phase. As mentioned above, this analysis can be performed based on information in memory 460 (see Figure 8).

[0140] If the analysis shows that there are the same number of time slots between the position signals, the state parameter extractor 450 determines (in step #20) that the speed is constant, and in this case, proceeds to step S#30.

[0141] In step S#30, the state parameter extractor 450 can calculate the duration between two consecutive position signals by multiplying the duration of the time slot dt = 1 / fs by the number of time slots between the two consecutive position signals. When the monitored tool 20 provides a position signal for each full revolution, the rotational speed can be calculated as follows:

[0142] V=1 / (n diff ×dt), where n diff = The number of time slots between two consecutive position signals.

[0143] During the constant velocity phase, all sample values ​​S(j) associated with the position signals of the three analyses (see column #05 in Figure 8) can be assigned the same velocity value f. ROT =V=1 / (n) diff ×dt), as described above. Thereafter, step S#10 can be performed again for the next three consecutively received position signals. Alternatively, when repeating step S#10, the previous third position signal P3 will be used as the first position signal P1 (i.e., P1:=P3) to determine whether the speed is about to change.

[0144] If the analysis (step S#10) shows that the number of time slots between the first position signal and the second position signal is different from the number of time slots between the second position signal and the third position signal, then the state parameter extractor 450 determines (in step S#20) that the monitored rotating tool 20 is in an acceleration phase. The acceleration can be positive, i.e., the rotational speed increases, or the acceleration can be negative, i.e., the rotational speed decreases, also known as deceleration.

[0145] In the next step S#40, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish instantaneous velocity values ​​during the acceleration phase and associates each measured data value S(j) with an instantaneous velocity value Vp, which indicates the rotational speed of the tool 20 being monitored when a sensor signal (SEA) value corresponding to the data value S(j) is detected.

[0146] According to one example, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish instantaneous velocity values ​​through linear interpolation. According to another example, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish instantaneous velocity values ​​through nonlinear interpolation.

[0147] Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for performing step S#40 of Figure 9. According to one example, it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value over the duration between two adjacent position indicators P (see column #02 in Figure 8). Therefore, when The position indicator P is teleported once every time the circle is completed, and The gear ratio is 1 / 1: then the angular distance traveled by the rotating tool 20 between two adjacent position indicators P is one (1) revolution, which can also be expressed as 360 degrees, and the duration is T=n. diff ×dt, where n diff It is the number of time slots for the duration dt between two adjacent position indicators P.

[0148] Referring to Figure 8, the first position indicator P is detected in time slot i1=#03, and the next position indicator P is detected in time slot i2=#45. Therefore, the duration is n. diff1 =i2-i1=45-3=42 time slots.

[0149] Therefore, in step S#60 (see Figure 10 in conjunction with Figure 8), the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish a first time slot number n between the initial two consecutive position signals P1 and P2, i.e., between position signal P(i=3) and position signal P(i=45). diff1 .

[0150] In step S#70, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to calculate the first rotational speed value VT1. The first rotational speed value VT1 can be calculated as follows:

[0151] VT1=1 / (n) diff1 ×dt), where VT1 is the speed expressed in revolutions per second, n diff1 = The number of time slots between two consecutive position signals; and dt is the duration of the time slot, expressed in seconds.

[0152] Since it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value over the duration between two adjacent position indicators P, the calculated first velocity value VT1 is assigned to the intermediate time slot between the two consecutive position signals (step S#80).

[0153] Therefore, in this example, where, in time slot i P1The first position indicator P1 was detected in time slot #03, and the next position indicator P2 was detected in time slot iP2=#45; the first intermediate time slot is

[0154] Time slot i P1-2 =i P1 +(i P2 -i P1 ) / 2=3+(45-3) / 2=3+21)=24.

[0155] Therefore, in step S#80, the first rotational speed value VT1 can be assigned to a time slot (e.g., time slot i=24), which represents a time point earlier than the time point at which the second position signal edge P (i=45) is detected, see Figure 8.

[0156] Assigning the speed value retrospectively to the time slot representing the point in time between two consecutive position signals advantageously reduces the inaccuracy of the speed value significantly. While existing methods for obtaining the instantaneous rotational speed value of tool 20 may be satisfactory for establishing a constant speed value at several different constant rotational speeds, the existing solution appears unsatisfactory when used to establish the speed value of rotating tool 20 during the acceleration phase.

[0157] In contrast, the method described in the example in the document enables the establishment of velocity values ​​with a favorable small degree of inaccuracy, even during the acceleration phase.

[0158] In the subsequent step S#90, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish a second time slot number n between the next two consecutive position signals. diff2 In the example in Figure 8, this is the number of time slots n between time slot 45 and time slot 78. diff2 That is, n diff2 =78-45=33.

[0159] In step S#100, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to calculate the second rotational speed value VT2. The second rotational speed value VT2 can be calculated as: VT2 = Vp61 = 1 / (n diff2 ×dt), where n diff2 = The number of time slots between the next two consecutive position signals P2 and P3. Therefore, in the example in Figure 8, n diff2 =33, which is the number of time slots between time slot 45 and time slot 78.

[0160] Since it can be assumed that the acceleration has a constant value over the duration between two adjacent position indicators P, the calculated second velocity value VT2 is assigned (step S#110) to the intermediate time slot between the two consecutive position signals.

[0161] Therefore, in the example of Figure 8, the calculated second velocity value VT2 is assigned to time slot 61 because 45 + (78 - 45) / 2 = 61.5. Thus, the velocity at time slot 61 is set as: V(61):=VT2.

[0162] Therefore, in this example, where a position indicator P is detected in time slot i2=#45 and the next position indicator P is detected in time slot i3=#78; the second intermediate time slot is the integer part of the following: i P2-3 =i P2 +(i P3 -i P2 ) / 2=45+(78-45) / 2=45+33 / 2=61.5 Therefore, time slot 61 is the second intermediate time slot i P2-3 .

[0163] Therefore, in step S#110, the second speed value VT2 can be advantageously assigned to a time slot (e.g., time slot i=61), which represents a time point earlier than the time point at which the third position signal edge P (i=78) is detected, see Figure 8. This feature enables real-time monitoring of the rotational speed with a slight delay, while simultaneously improving the accuracy of the detection speed.

[0164] In the next step S#120, the first acceleration value for the relevant time period is calculated. The first acceleration value can be calculated as: a12=(VT2-VT1) / ((i VT2 -i VT1 In the example of Figure 8, the second velocity value VT2 is assigned to time slot 61, therefore i VT2 =61, and the first velocity value VT1 is assigned to time slot 24, therefore i VT1 =24.

[0165] Therefore, since dt = 1 / fs, the acceleration value can be set as: a12 = fs × (VT2 - VT1) / (i VT2 -i VT1 For the time period between time slot 24 and time slot 60, see the example in Figure 8.

[0166] In the next step S#130, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to associate the established first acceleration value a12 with the valid time slots of the established acceleration value a12. This can be all time slots between the time slot of the first velocity value VT1 and the time slot of the second velocity value VT2. Therefore, the established first acceleration value a12 can be associated with each time slot of the duration between the time slot of the first velocity value VT1 and the time slot of the second velocity value VT2. In the example of Figure 8, these are time slots 25 to 60. This is shown in column #07 of Figure 8.

[0167] In the next step S#140, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish a velocity value s(j) associated with the duration for which the established acceleration value is valid. Therefore, a velocity value is established for each time slot.

[0168] Associated with the measured value s(j), and

[0169] It is associated with the first acceleration value a12 established.

[0170] During linear acceleration, i.e. when the acceleration a is constant, the velocity at any given time point is given by the following equation: V(i) = V(i-1) + a × dt, where V(i) is the instantaneous velocity at time point i, V(i-1) is the instantaneous velocity at time point immediately preceding time point i, a is the acceleration, and dt is the duration of the time slot.

[0171] According to one example, the velocity in each time slot from time slot 25 to time slot 60 can be calculated continuously in this way, as shown in column #08 in Figure 8. Thus, the instantaneous velocity value Vp associated with the detected measurements Se(25), Se(26), Se(27)...Se(59) and Se(60) can be established in this way, which are associated with the acceleration value a12 (see column #08 in Figure 8 along with columns #03 and time slots 25 to 60 in column #07).

[0172] Therefore, an instantaneous velocity value S(j) can be established in this way [see column #05] associated with the detected measurements S(3), S(4), S(5) and S(6), which are associated with the acceleration value a12.

[0173] According to another example, the instantaneous velocity of time slot 30 related to the first measured value s(j)=S(3) can be calculated as: V(i=30)=Vp30=VT1+a×(30-24)×dt=Vp24+a×6×dt. The instantaneous velocity of time slot 40 related to the first measured value s(j)=S(4) can be calculated as: V(i=40)=Vp40=VT1+a×(40-24)×dt=Vp40+a×16×dt or can be calculated as: V(i=40)=Vp40=V(30)+(40-30)×dt=Vp30+a×10×dt. The instantaneous velocity of time slot 40 related to the first measured value s(j)=S(5) can be calculated as: V(i=40)=Vp40=V(30)+(40-30)×dt=Vp30+a×10×dt. The instantaneous velocity of time slot 50 can then be calculated as: V(i=50)=Vp50=V(40)+(50-40)×dt=Vp40+a×10×dt and the instantaneous velocity of time slot 60 associated with the first measured value s(j)=S(6) can then be calculated as: V(i=60)=Vp50+a×10×dt. As described above, when the measured sample value S(i) [see column #03 in Figure 8] associated with the established acceleration value has been associated with the instantaneous velocity value, a data array including the time series of the measured sample value S(i) can be transmitted at the output of the state parameter extractor 450, each value associated with the velocity value V(i), f ROT (i) Related.

[0174] Alternatively, if a sampling rate is desired, it can be done as follows: As described above, when the measured sample value S(j) [see column #05 in Figure 8] associated with the established acceleration value has been associated with the instantaneous velocity value, a data array including the time series of the measured sample value S(j) can be transmitted at the output of the state parameter extractor 450, each value associated with the velocity value V(j), f ROT (j) Related.

[0175] Referring to Figure 11, another example of the method is described. According to this example, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to record (see step S#160 in Figure 11) a time series of position signal values ​​P(i) of the position signal (Ep), such that between at least some of the recorded position signal values ​​(P(i)), for example, between the first position signal value P1(i) and the second position signal value P2(i), there exists a value n. diff1 According to one example, the second position signal value P2(i) is received and recorded in time slot (i), which is n times after the first position signal value P1(i) is received. diff1 The first time slot arrives (see step S#160 in Figure 11). Then, the third position signal value P3(i) is received and recorded (see step S#170 in Figure 11) in time slot (i), which arrives ndiff2 time slots after the second position signal value P2(i) is received.

[0176] As shown in step S#180 of Figure 11, the state parameter extractor 450 can operate to calculate the relational value.

[0177] a12 = ndiff1 / ndiff2

[0178] If the relation value a12 is equal to one (unity) or approximately equal to one, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish that the speed is constant, and the speed can continue to be calculated according to the constant speed phase method.

[0179] If the relation value a12 is greater than one, then the relation value indicates a percentage increase in speed.

[0180] If the relation value a12 is less than one, then the relation value indicates a percentage decrease in speed.

[0181] The relation value a12 can be used to calculate the velocity V2 at the end of the time series based on the velocity V1 at the beginning of the time series, for example, as...

[0182] V2 = a12 × V1

[0183] Figure 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for performing step S#40 of Figure 9. According to one example, it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value over the duration between two adjacent position indicators P (see column #02 in Figure 8). Therefore, when The position indicator P is teleported once every time the circle is completed, and If the gear ratio is 1 / 1, then - the angular distance between two adjacent position indicators P is 1 revolution, which can also be expressed as 360 degrees, and - the duration is T=n×dt, where n is the number of time slots of the duration dt between the first two adjacent position indicators P1 and P2.

[0184] In step S#200, the first rotational speed value VT1 can be calculated as: VT1 = 1 / (n diff1 (×dt), where VT1 is the speed expressed in revolutions per second, ndiff1 is the number of time slots between two consecutive position signals, and dt is the duration of the time slot in seconds. The value of dt can be, for example, the reciprocal of the initial sampling frequency fs.

[0185] Since it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value during the duration between two adjacent position indicators P, the calculated first velocity value VT1 is assigned to the first intermediate time slot between the two consecutive position signals P(i) and P(i+ndiff1).

[0186] In step S#210, the second speed value VT2 can be calculated as: VT2 = 1 / (ndiff2 × dt), where VT2 is the speed in revolutions per second, ndiff2 is the number of time slots between two consecutive position signals, and dt is the duration of the time slot in seconds. The value of dt can be, for example, the reciprocal of the initial sampling frequency fs.

[0187] Since it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value during the duration between two adjacent position indicators P, the calculated second velocity value VT2 is assigned to the second intermediate time slot between the two consecutive position signals P(i+ndiff1) and P(i+ndiff1+ndiff2).

[0188] After that, the speed difference V Delta It can be calculated as: V Delta =VT2–VT1, the speed difference V Delta The value can be divided by the number of time slots between the second and first intermediate time slots. The resulting value indicates the velocity difference dV between adjacent time slots. Of course, as mentioned above, this assumes that the acceleration is constant.

[0189] The instantaneous velocity value associated with the selected time slot can then be calculated based on the first rotational velocity value VT1 and the value indicating the velocity difference between adjacent time slots.

[0190] As described above, when the measured sample value S(i) associated with the time slot between the first and second intermediate time slots has been associated with the instantaneous velocity value, a data array including the time series of the measured sample values ​​S(i) is transmitted at the output of the state parameter extractor 450, each value being associated with a velocity value V(i). The instantaneous velocity value V(i) can also be referred to as f ROT (i).

[0191] In summary, based on some examples, the first instantaneous velocity value VT1 can be established based on the following: the angular distance Δ-FI between the first position signal P1 and the second position signal P2. p1-p2 And it depends on: the corresponding duration Δ-T p1-p2 =t P2 -t P1 .

[0192] Subsequently, the second instantaneous velocity value VT2 can be established based on the following: the angular distance Δ-FI between the second position signal P2 and the third position signal P3. p2-p3 And it depends on: the corresponding duration Δ-T p2-p3 =t P2 -t P1 .

[0193] Subsequently, the instantaneous velocity value of the rotating tool 20 can be established by interpolation between the first instantaneous velocity value VT1 and the second instantaneous velocity value VT2.

[0194] In other words, based on the example, it can be based on the angular distance Δ-FI p1-p2 Δ-FI p2-p3 Two instantaneous velocity values ​​VT1 and VT2 are established by the corresponding duration between the three consecutive position signals, and thereafter, the instantaneous velocity value of the rotating tool 20 can be established by interpolation between the first instantaneous velocity value VT1 and the second instantaneous velocity value VT2.

[0195] Figure 13 is a diagram showing a series of time-series position signals P1, P2, P3, ..., each position signal P indicating a complete revolution of the monitored tool 20. Therefore, the time value in seconds increases to the right along the horizontal axis.

[0196] The vertical axis indicates the rotational speed, graded in revolutions per minute (RPM).

[0197] Referring to Figure 13, the effect of a method according to an example is shown. The first instantaneous velocity value V(t1) = VT1 can be established based on the following: the angular distance Δ-FI between the first position signal P1 and the second position signal P2. p1-p2 And according to: the corresponding duration Δ-T 1-2 =t P2 -t P1 By using the angular distance Δ-FI p1-p2 Divide by the corresponding duration (t) P2 -t P1 The obtained velocity value represents the velocity V(t1) of the rotating tool 20 at the first intermediate time point t1, also known as mtp (intermediate time point), as shown in Figure 13.

[0198] Subsequently, the second instantaneous velocity value V(t2) = VT2 can be established based on the following: the angular distance Δ-FI between the second position signal P2 and the third position signal P3, and the corresponding duration Δ-T2-3 = t. P3 -t P2 .

[0199] As shown in Figure 13, by dividing the angular distance δ-FI by the corresponding duration (t) P3 -t P2 The obtained velocity value represents the velocity V(t2) of the rotating tool 20 at the second intermediate time point t2 (second mtp).

[0200] Subsequently, the instantaneous velocity value between the first instantaneous velocity value VT1 and the second instantaneous velocity value VT2 can be established by interpolation between the first intermediate time point and the second intermediate time point, as shown by curve f. ROTint As shown.

[0201] Mathematically, this can be expressed by the following equation: V(t12) = V(t1) + a × (t12 – t1). Therefore, if the velocity of tool 20 can be detected at two time points (t1 and t2), and the acceleration a is constant, the instantaneous velocity at any time point can be calculated. Specifically, the velocity of the tool V(t12) at time t12 (the time point after t1 and before t2) can be calculated by the following formula: V(t12) = V(t1) + a × (t12 – t1), where a is the acceleration, and t1 is the first intermediate time point t1 (see Figure 13).

[0202] The speed value established as described above and the compensation extraction as shown in Figures 20, 21, and 22 can be achieved by executing the corresponding method steps, and this can be achieved by a computer program 94 stored in memory 60, as described above. The computer program can be executed by DSP 50. Alternatively, the computer program can be executed by a field-programmable gate array (FPGA).

[0203] When processor 350 executes the corresponding program codes 380, 394, and 410, the speed value f as described above... ROT The establishment of (i) can be performed by the analysis device 150, as discussed above in conjunction with Figure 4. The data processor 350 may include a central processing unit 350 for controlling the operation of the analysis device 14. Alternatively, the processor 50 may include a digital signal processor (DSP) 350. According to another example, the processor 350 includes a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The operation of the FPGA may be controlled by the central processing unit 350, which may include the digital signal processor (DSP) 350.

[0204] Identify data related to the cutting edge status of the tool in machine 10, which includes a tool for shearing raw material workpiece 30. And / or a tool 20 for shaping the raw material workpiece 30.

[0205] Tool 20 has a tool edge attachment device 22, which includes a plurality of tool edges 310 configured to engage raw material workpiece 30 as the tool rotates about axis 60 (see, for example, FIG. 2). The number of tool edges 310 provided on tool edge attachment device 22 is referred to herein as a variable L. Although FIG. 2 shows a case with twelve tool edges 310 (i.e., L=12), the number of tool edges 310 L can be higher or lower. According to some embodiments, the number of tool edges 310 L can be at least one, i.e., the number of tool edges 310 L can be L=1. According to some embodiments, the number of tool edges 310 L can be any number greater than L=1. According to some embodiments, the number of tool edges 310 L can be any value in the range of L=2 to L=60. According to some embodiments, the number of tool edges 310 L can be any value in the range of L=2 to L=35.

[0206] The number L of tool cutting edges 310 is an important factor related to the analysis of vibrations caused by the rotation of the tool 20. The inventors recognized that the interaction between the tool cutting edges 310 and the raw material workpiece 30 leads to mechanical vibration V. IMP The inventors also realized that this mechanical vibration V caused by the interaction between the tool cutting edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30 IMP It will be repetitive, meaning there will be a repetition frequency f. R .

[0207] Therefore, the measured signal S MD (See, for example, Figure 5) may include at least one vibration signal feature S that depends on the vibrational movement of the rotary moving tool 20. FIMP Among them, vibration signal characteristics S FIMP With repetition frequency f R It depends on the rotational speed f of the rotary moving tool 20. ROT .

[0208] In addition, vibration signal characteristics S FIMP The peak amplitude Sp appears to depend on the impact force F. IMP The range.

[0209] Therefore, the inventors concluded that the vibration signal characteristic S FIMP The measurement of energy or amplitude seems to indicate the impact force F IMP The range.

[0210] Therefore, in a tool 20 comprising multiple cutting edges, the vibration signal characteristic S depends on the vibrational movement of the rotary moving tool 20. FIMPThe presence of a tool edge can provide information about the identity of an individual tool edge. For example, the position of an individual tool edge on tool 20 can be indicated relative to a reference position value.

[0211] The inventors concluded that the mechanical vibration V caused by the interaction between the tool cutting edge 310 and the raw material 30 IMP repetition frequency f R Depending on the number L of tool edges 310 set on the tool and the rotational speed f of the tool 20 ROT .

[0212] When the monitored tool 20 rotates at a constant speed, this repetition frequency fR can be discussed either based on repetitions per unit of time or repetitions per revolution of the monitored tool, without distinction between the two. However, if the tool 20 rotates at a variable speed, it typically leads to complexities, and how to handle variable speeds is discussed elsewhere in this disclosure, for example in conjunction with Figures 20, 21, 22A, 22B, and 22C. In fact, regarding the tailing of the detected vibration signal, even a very small change in the tool's rotational speed can have a significant adverse effect on the quality of the detected signal unless compensated for. Therefore, the rotational speed f of the tool 20... ROT Very accurate detection is therefore very important.

[0213] Furthermore, the inventors realized that not only mechanical vibration V IMP The amplitude, and mechanical vibration V IMP The occurrence time of these signals can indicate data related to the state of the tool 20 used for shearing the raw material workpiece 30 and / or shaping the raw material workpiece 30. Therefore, the measurement signal S MD (For example, see Figure 5) It may include at least one vibration signal amplitude component S that depends on the vibrational movement of the rotary moving tool 20. FIMP Among them, the vibration signal amplitude component S FIMP With repetition frequency f R The repetition frequency depends on the rotational speed f of the rotary moving tool 20. ROT Furthermore, it also depends on the number L of tool edges 310 provided on tool 20; and wherein, there exists a time relationship between the following: - the amplitude component S of the repetitive vibration signal. FIMP The occurrence of - with a second repetition frequency f P The frequency of the position signal P(i) depends on the rotational speed f of the rotating tool 20. ROT .

[0214] Regarding a constant rotational speed, the inventors concluded that if the rotational speed f ROTIf it is constant, then the digital measurement signal S includes the time series of vibration sample values ​​S(i). MD With repetition frequency f R The repetition frequency depends on the number L of tool edges 310 set on the tool.

[0215] It should be understood that although the example in Figure 2 depicts tool 20 rotating and repeatedly impacting raw material workpiece 30 with tool edge 310, the invention is more generally applicable to any repetitive or cyclic interaction between tool edge 310 and raw material workpiece 30. In some embodiments, at least one tool edge 310 is arranged on tool 20, and tool 20 moves relative to raw material workpiece 30 along a predetermined path, whereby at least one tool edge 310 engages raw material workpiece 30. In these embodiments, each traversal along the predetermined path is a cycle corresponding to one rotation of tool 20 in Figure 2, and corresponding vibration signals from multiple complete movements along the path can be processed correspondingly to vibration signals from multiple rotations of tool 20 in Figure 2. In some embodiments, tool 20 and tool edge 310 are included in a lathe arranged to repeatedly and cyclically perform predetermined material removal from geometrically similar raw material workpieces 30. In these embodiments, one rotation of tool 20 in FIG. 2 corresponds to performing predetermined material removal from a raw material workpiece 30, and multiple rotations of tool 20 in FIG. 2 correspond to cyclically removing material from multiple raw material workpieces 30.

[0216] It should be understood that vibration analysis of multiple cycles typically depends on the engagement between the tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30 occurring at substantially the same point in repeated cycles, in order to compare / identify the effects between each tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30 during the cycle, or to allow the use of vibration data from multiple cycles / rotations to assess the tool wear condition of the tool 20. Generally, performing shearing and / or forming of the raw material workpiece 30 in a cyclic manner is ideal and common in industry, therefore vibration analysis of multiple cycles can be compatible with several existing industrial processes.

[0217] Throughout the description, the use of the terms "rotation," "rotational speed," and "rotational movement tool" for tool 20 is also related to the aforementioned cyclical repetitive interaction between the tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30. It should be understood that expressions of "tool rotational position" and any description of rotational positions from 0° to 360° are also relevant to the general cycle, such as descriptions of positions along the cycle, expressed as 0% to 100% of the total cycle path, or mapped as values ​​from 0 degrees to 360 degrees of the total cycle path. It should be understood that for cycles involving the movement and / or rotation of the complex tool 20, the expression "distance along the total cycle path" may relate to the time to reach a point along the path divided by the total time to complete a normal cycle, rather than a Euclidean distance.

[0218] The state parameter extractor 450 may optionally include components coupled to receive digital measurement signals S. MD Or it depends on the digital measurement signal S MD (See Figures 15A and / or 15B) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analyzer 510 for the signal. Combined with the analysis of a machine 10 including a tool 20 for shearing raw material workpiece 30 and / or shaping the raw material workpiece 30, the analysis focuses on rotational frequencies f higher than those of the rotating tool 20. ROT The signal frequency may be of interest, such as the signal frequency associated with the impact between each tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30. In this context, the rotational frequency f of the tool 20... ROT This can be called "first order". If the signal of interest occurs ten times per revolution of the instrument, then this frequency can be called the 10th order, i.e., the repetition frequency f. R (Measured in Hz) Divide by the rotational speed f ROT (Measured in revolutions per second, rps) equals 10 Hz / rps, i.e., Oi=f R / f ROT =10th order.

[0219] The highest order is called O. MAX And the total number of frequency intervals in the FFT is used as B. n The inventors concluded that, based on an example, the following equation applies: Oi × B n =N R ×O MAX .

[0220] In contrast, N R =Oi×B n / O MAX , of which O MAX It is the largest order; and B nOi is the number of intervals in the spectrum generated by FFT, and Oi is the number L of tool edges 310 in the monitored tool 20.

[0221] The above-mentioned variable O should preferably be set. MAX B n and Oi, so that variable N R It is a positive integer. Referring to the example above, it should be noted that the FFT analyzer 510 can be configured to receive a reference signal, i.e., the position marker signal value PS or E, once per revolution of the rotating tool 20. P As shown in Figure 2, a position marking device 180 can be configured such that when the tool 20 rotates around the rotation axis 60, the position mark 180 passes the position sensor 170 once for each revolution of the tool 20, thereby causing the position sensor 170 to generate rotation mark signal values ​​PS and E. P .

[0222] Incidentally, referring to the example above of the FFT analyzer settings, the obtained integer N R It can indicate the revolutions of the monitored tool 20, during which the digital signal S is analyzed. MD According to an example, the above variable O MAX B n The Oi can be set via the HCI 210, 210S (see, for example, Figure 1 and / or Figure 5 and / or Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B).

[0223] Consider the digital measurement signal S MD The case transmitted to the FFT analyzer: In this case, when the FFT analyzer 510 is set up for ten tool edges, i.e., L=10, and B n =160 frequency ranges, and user attention analysis up to O MAX =100th order frequency, then N R The value becomes N R =Oi×B n / O MAX =10×160 / 100=16.

[0224] Therefore, when B is needed n When there are 160 frequency ranges, it is necessary to perform sixteen tool rotations (N). R Measurements were taken during the period L=10 (=16); and the user performed analysis up to O MAX =The frequency of order 100 is of interest. Combined with the settings of the FFT analyzer 510, the order value OMAX can indicate the highest frequency to be analyzed in the digital measurement signal SMD.

[0225] According to some implementations, when the FFT analyzer is configured to receive a reference signal, i.e., the position marker signal value PS, for each revolution of the rotary tool 20, the settings of the FFT analyzer should meet the following criteria: the integer value Oi is set to be equal to L, i.e., the number of tool edges 310 in the tool 20, and the settable variable O is selected. MAX and B n This makes the mathematical expression Oi×B n / O MAX To make N a positive integer. In other words: when the integer value Oi is set to equal L, the settable variables OMAX and Bn should be set to integer values ​​so that the variable NR is a positive integer, where N... R =Oi×B n / O MAX Based on one example, a value B can be selected from a set of values. n To set the number of intervals B n The interval size B related to the frequency resolution of the FFT n The optional value group can include: B n =200B n =400B n =800B n =1600B n =3200 Figure 15A is a block diagram showing an example of a state parameter extractor 450.

[0226] The exemplary state parameter extractor 450 in Figure 15A includes a tool speed detector 500, a speed change compensation extractor 470, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) 510. In summary, the tool speed detector 500 is configured to determine the rotational frequency f of the tool 20. ROT and output S(j), P(j), f ROT (j); The speed variation compensation extractor 470 is configured to generate a signal S(q), P(q), f for each predetermined fraction of tool rotation. ROT Thus, for each rotation generating tool 20, a signal is generated in the same direction, and the rotation speed f is... ROT Irrelevant; and the Fast Fourier Transform 510 is configured to calculate the amplitude of at least two orders of the fundamental frequency. Typically, the vibration amplitude S(q), together with the rotational position P(q) output from the velocity variation compensation extractor 470, indicates the tool wear state X and can be provided as the output of the state parameter extractor 450.

[0227] It should be understood that the state parameter extractor 450 can extract parameters from vibration signals of any repetitive cyclic engagement between the tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30, as long as the position along the cycle can be determined.

[0228] In some examples, the output S(q) P(q) of the velocity variation compensation extractor 470 is provided to the FFT 510.

[0229] In some examples, the output S(q) P(q) of the velocity variation compensation extractor 470 is provided to the HCI 210.

[0230] In some examples, the HCI 210 is arranged to set the number of signal sets output by the speed variation compensation decimator 470 per revolution or per cycle.

[0231] The state parameter extractor 450 in Figure 15A includes a receiver for digital vibration signal S. MD A tool velocity detector 500 receives a digital position signal (Pi) S(i). The tool velocity detector 500 can also be called a tool velocity value generator 500. The tool velocity detector 500 can be based on the received digital vibration signal S... MD S(i) and the digital position signal (Pi) generate three signals S(j), P(j) and f. ROT (j). This can be implemented, for example, in the manner described above with respect to Figures 7 to 13. In this respect, it should be noted that three signals S(j), P(j), and f can be transmitted simultaneously. ROT (j), meaning these signals are all associated with the same time slot j. In other words, three signals S(j), P(j), and f can be provided synchronously. ROT (j). Provide S(j), P(j), and f in a synchronous manner. ROT (j) and other signals advantageously provide accurate information about the time relationship between the signal values ​​of each signal. Therefore, for example, the speed value f transmitted by the tool speed value generator 500... ROT (j) indicates the instantaneous rotational speed of tool 20 when the detection amplitude value S(j) is reached.

[0232] It should be noted that the signals S(j) and P(j) transmitted by the tool speed value generator 500 are delayed relative to the signals S(i) and (Pi) received by the tool speed value generator 500. It should also be noted that signals S(j) and P(j) are delayed equally relative to signals S(i) and (Pi), thus preserving their time relationship. In other words, signals S(j) and P(j) are synchronously delayed.

[0233] The tool speed detector 500 can transmit a signal indicating whether the rotational speed remains constant for a sufficiently long time. In this case, signals S(j) and P(j) can be transmitted to the fast Fourier transform 510.

[0234] The above-mentioned variable O should preferably be set. MAX B n and Oi, so that variable NR It is a positive integer, as discussed above. According to an example, the above variable O... MAX N R and B N This can be set via the Human-Machine Interface (HCI) 210, 210S (see, for example, Figure 1 and / or Figure 5 and / or Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B). As described above, the resulting integer N... R The rotational speed of the monitored tool 20 can be indicated during this period, and the digital signals S(j) and P(j) are analyzed by FFT 510. Therefore, based on variable O MAX N R and B N With the settings, FFT 510 obtains approximately N R / f ROT The measurement data corresponds to the duration of the measurement. Subsequently, FFT 510 can transmit a set of amplitude values ​​C1(r), C2(r), C3(r), etc., for the corresponding set of frequency ranges. The transmitted set of amplitude values ​​C1(r), C2(r), C3(r) can indicate the tool wear state X (see the discussion of Equations 1 and 2 below in this disclosure).

[0235] In the tool wear state values ​​C1(r), C2(r), and C3(r), the concept of "r" represents a point in time. In some examples, X1(r) refers to the tool wear state value corresponding to the number of revolutions or cycles r, or the tool wear state value corresponding to the most recently calculated value at point r.

[0236] It should be noted that there may be a time delay from receiving the first pair of input signals S(j), P(j) at the input of FFT 510 until the tool wear state values ​​C1(r), C2(r), C3(r) are transmitted from FFT 510.

[0237] As explained below, the tool wear state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r) can also be referred to as |C L | and Ф L As described above regarding Figure 2, the vibration signal S EA S MD S(j) and S(r) will present the signal signature S. FIMP The indicator tool 20 impacts the cutting edge 310 with the raw material workpiece 30. When there are L cutting edges 310 in the tool 20 (refer to Figure 1 in conjunction with Figures 15 and 14), rotating the tool 20 will generate L signal signatures S for each revolution of the tool 20. FIMP .

[0238] To convey an intuitive understanding of some examples of this signal processing, it may be helpful to consider the superposition principle and repetitive signals such as sinusoidal signals. A sinusoidal signal can exhibit both amplitude and phase values. In short, the superposition principle (also known as the superposition property) states that for all linear systems, the net response induced by two or more stimuli at a given location and time is the sum of the responses induced by each stimulus individually. Sound waves are one such stimulus. Vibrational signals (such as the signal characteristic S indicating the impact of a tool cutting edge with a raw material workpiece 30) FIMP Vibration signal S EA S MD S(j), S(r)) are also types of stimuli. In fact, signal characteristics S FIMP Vibration signal S EA S MD S(j) and S(r) can be considered as the sum of sinusoidal signals, each of which exhibits an amplitude and a phase value. In this respect, refer to the Fourier series (see Equation 1 below): F(t) = ∑Cn=∞ n sin(nωt+Ф n (Equation 1) n=0 where n=0 is the average value of the signal during a time period (it can be zero, but does not have to be zero), n=1 corresponds to the fundamental frequency of the signal F(t), n=2 corresponds to the first harmonic partial of the signal F(t), ω = angular frequency, i.e. (2×π×f ROT ), f ROT = Tool rotation speed expressed in cycles per second, t = time, Ф n =The phase angle of the nth partial, and C n =The amplitude of the nth tone can be derived from the Fourier series above. The time signal can be considered as a superposition of multiple sine signals.

[0239] Overtones are any frequencies greater than the fundamental frequency of a signal.

[0240] In the example above, it should be noted that the fundamental frequency will be f. ROT That is, the tool rotation speed, because for every revolution of tool 20, FFT 510 only receives the marker signal value P(j)=1 once (for example, see Figure 2).

[0241] Using a Fourier analysis model, the fundamental tone and overtones together are called partial tones. Harmonics, or more precisely, harmonic partial tones, are partial tones whose frequencies are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency (including the fundamental frequency, which itself is 1).

[0242] Referring to Figures 15A and 15B and Equation 1 above, the FFT 510 can transmit the amplitude value Cn(r) for n=L, i.e., CL(r) = Sp(r). The FFT 510 can also transmit the phase angle of the subtone (n=L), i.e., ФL(r) = FI(r).

[0243] In this regard, it should be noted that the amplitude value C n (r) can indicate the tool wear condition X when n = L.

[0244] According to one example, two or more amplitude values ​​C n The combination of (r) can indicate the tool wear condition X.

[0245] Now consider an example where the tool has ten (10) cutting edges when it rotates at a speed of 10 revolutions per minute (rpm). 10 rpm means one rotation every 6 seconds, or f ROT =0.1667 revolutions per second. It has ten tool edges (i.e., L=10) and uses f... ROT The tool operates at a speed of 0.1667 revolutions per second, causing the repetition frequency f of the signal associated with the tool edge 310 to be [value missing]. R It is 1.667 Hz because the repetition frequency f R It is a 10th order frequency.

[0246] Position signals P(j), P(q) (see Figure 15A) can be used as reference signals for digital measurement signals S(j), S(r). According to some embodiments, the FFT analyzer 510 is configured to receive the reference signals, i.e., position signals P(j), P(q), P(r), and S(r), once per revolution of the rotating tool 20. TSA When (t), the FFT analyzer settings should meet the following criteria: the integer value Oi is set to equal L, i.e., the number of tool edges 310 in tool 20, and the configurable variable O is selected. MAX and B n This makes the mathematical expression Oi×B n / O MAX To make N a positive integer. In other words: when the integer value Oi is set to equal L, the settable variables OMAX and Bn should be set to integer values ​​so that the variable NR is a positive integer, where N... R =Oi×B n / O MAX O MAX It is the largest order; and B n It is the number of intervals in the spectrum generated by FFT, and Oi is related to the fundamental frequency (usually f). ROTThe multiplication is of interest because it typically represents the frequency at which the equidistant tool edge 310 impacts the raw material 30. This frequency is expressed as an integer order, where f0 is the frequency of impact. ROT It is the frequency with an order of 1, i.e., the fundamental frequency.

[0247] Therefore, when the FFT analyzer 510 is configured to receive reference signals P(j), P(q), P(j) per revolution of the rotary tool 20, TSA (t), such that the fundamental frequency of the signal F(t) corresponds to the rotational speed f of the tool 20. ROT When n = L, the amplitude value C n (r) can indicate the tool wear condition X.

[0248] In other words, when the FFT analyzer 510 is configured to receive reference signals P(j), P(q), P(j) per revolution of the rotary tool 20 TSA (t), such that the fundamental frequency of the signal F(t) corresponds to the rotational speed f of the tool 20. ROT At that time, the amplitude value of the Lth harmonic subtone of the signal F(t) indicates the tool wear state X.

[0249] The Lth harmonic is related because when tool 20 has L tool edges, the repetition frequency f of the interaction between the tool and the workpiece... R The interaction will occur with each rotation of the tool.

[0250] Furthermore, when the FFT analyzer 510 is configured to receive reference signals P(j), P(q), P(j) per revolution of the rotary tool 20 TSA (t), such that the fundamental frequency of the signal F(t) corresponds to the rotational speed f of the tool 20. ROT At that time, the amplitude value of an integer multiple of the Lth harmonic subtone of the signal F(t) also indicates the tool wear state X.

[0251] Experiments show that when the FFT analyzer 510 is configured to receive reference signals P(j), P(q), and P(j) per revolution of the rotary tool 20, TSA (t), such that the fundamental frequency of the signal F(t) corresponds to the rotational speed f of the tool 20. ROT At that time,

[0252] The increase in the amplitude of the Lth harmonic of the signal F(t) indicates that the higher the amplitude, the more severe the tool wear.

[0253] Furthermore, experiments show that when the FFT analyzer 510 is configured to receive reference signals P(j), P(q), and P(j) per revolution of the rotary tool 20, TSA (t), such that the fundamental frequency of the signal F(t) corresponds to the rotational speed f of the tool 20. ROT At that time,

[0254] The amplitude of the Lth harmonic subtone of the signal F(t) increases as the amplitude value increases, so that the higher the amplitude value, the more severe the tool wear.

[0255] In other words, the high-frequency content of the vibration signal appears to increase with increasing tool wear. This increase in the high-frequency content of the vibration signal can be indicated by the following comparisons: amplitude values ​​related to integer multiples of the Lth harmonic component of the signal F(t) based on measurements taken with a sharp or unworn tool (see Figure 17A); and amplitude values ​​related to integer multiples of the Lth harmonic component of the signal F(t) based on measurements taken with a less sharp or worn tool (see Figure 17B).

[0256] Referring to the examples in Figures 17A and 17B, it should be noted that the measurement results of the unworn tool (see Figure 17A) show that the amplitude values ​​of integer multiples of 10L, 11L, 12L, 13L, 14L, and 15L are zero, while the measurement results of the worn tool (see Figure 17B) show that the amplitude values ​​of integer multiples of 10L, 11L, 12L, 13L, 14L, and 15L are not zero.

[0257] Using the above settings, i.e., the integer value Oi is set to equal L, and referring to Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B and Equation 1 above, the FFT 510 can transmit the amplitude value Cn for n=L, i.e., C L =Sp(r). The FFT 510 for full rotation or loop can also transmit the phase angle of the subtone (n=L), i.e., Ф. L =FI(r).

[0258] Therefore, according to the embodiments of this disclosure, when the rotating tool 20 rotates once and the FFT 510 receives a position reference signal P(j) and P(q) once, the FFT analyzer can be configured to generate a repetition frequency f. R The peak amplitude value of the signal with frequency L is |C L | where L is the number of equally spaced tool edges 310 in the rotating tool 20. In some of these embodiments, the FFT analyzer can be configured to generate peak amplitude values ​​for frequency ranges corresponding to orders that are multiples of L, up to 0. MAX In some of these implementations, the FFT analyzer can be configured to generate peak amplitude values ​​for frequency intervals corresponding to each integer order value, up to 0. MAX .

[0259] Referring to the discussion of Equation 1 above in this disclosure, the repetition frequency f R The amplitude of a signal with an L-order frequency can be called |C|. n |, where n=L, i.e., C LReferring to Equation 1 and Figures 15A and / or 15B, the amplitude value C can be transmitted. L |, as the peak amplitude value, is represented as Sp(r) in Figures 15A and 15B.

[0260] Referring again to Equation 1 above, in this disclosure, its repetition frequency f can be transmitted. R The phase angle value Ф of the signal with frequency L. L As a time indication value, this time indication value indicates the impact force F IMP The time duration T between the occurrence of the rotation and the occurrence of the rotation reference position of the rotating tool D1 .

[0261] Therefore, according to the embodiments of this disclosure, when the rotating tool 20 rotates once and the FFT 510 receives a position reference signal P(j) and P(q) once, the FFT analyzer can be configured to generate a repetition frequency f. R The phase angle value Ф of the signal with frequency L. L Where L is the number of equally spaced tool edges 310 in the rotary tool 20. Assuming the raw material workpiece 30 contacts the tool 20 in the same manner in each cycle, the phase angle value Ф is typically expected. L It will remain essentially constant. Furthermore, with the fundamental frequency f... ROT The relationship between the amplitude values ​​of the L-order frequency and the frequency ranges corresponding to frequencies above L can indicate the wear state X of tool 20. Typically, the most relevant orders above L are L multiplied by an integer, such as 2L or 3L.

[0262] Therefore, using the above settings, i.e., the integer value Oi is set to be equal to L, and referring to Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B and Equation 1 above, the FFT 510 output can be used to determine the amplitude and phase values ​​for multiple frequency ranges.

[0263] Referring to Figure 1A, and / or Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B, the tool wear state value Sp(r) = |C L | and FI(r) = Ф L The results can be transmitted to a human-machine interface (HCI) 210 to provide visual indications of the analysis results. As described above, the displayed analysis results may include information indicating the tool wear state X of the shearing process, enabling the operator 230 to control the machine 10, which includes tools 20 for shearing the raw material workpiece 30 and / or shaping the raw material workpiece 30.

[0264] It should be understood that, during the process, the term "tool wear condition value" is not limited to values ​​indicating the inherent characteristics of tool 20 and its cutting edge 310. For example, it could indicate the phase angle FI(r) = Ф at the point of impact between tool 20 and the raw material workpiece 30 during operation.L The value can also be used as a tool wear condition value to describe the tool wear condition X.

[0265] Figure 15B is a block diagram showing an example of a state parameter extractor 450.

[0266] The exemplary state parameter extractor 450 in Figure 15B includes a tool speed detector 500, a speed variation compensation extractor 470, a time synchronization averager 471, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) 510. In this disclosure, the abbreviation TSA may be used to denote a time synchronization averager. The exemplary state parameter extractor 450 may be the state parameter extractor 450 described in Figure 15A, with the addition of a time synchronization averager TSA 471. TSA 471 is configured to receive a measurement signal value S(q) and a corresponding position signal value P(q), such as that transmitted by the speed variation compensation extractor 470. The received measurement signal value S(q) may be a vibration signal value S(q) or another measurement signal value S(q) indicating tool wear.

[0267] TSA 471 is configured to receive a measurement signal value S(q) associated with multiple revolutions or cycles and a corresponding position signal value P(q), and generate an average measurement signal value S(t), wherein the average measurement signal value S(t) is based on M measurements detected at the same rotational position of tool 20.

[0268] As discussed in other parts of this disclosure, the compensated decimator 470 is configured to generate the decimated digital measurement signal S. MDR This ensures that even when the rotational speed changes, the number N of measurement sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating tool remains constant. V Maintain a constant value, or maintain a substantially constant value. Therefore, when the compensation extractor 470 delivers N per revolution of the rotary tool... V When measuring the sample value, every Nth time V Each measured sample value is associated with the same rotational position.

[0269] Therefore, when N V When N = 100, the speed change compensation extractor 470 outputs one hundred (100) measurement signal values ​​S(q) per revolution. Therefore, when N V =100 and TSA 471 is configured to generate a single average measurement signal value S as the average of M measurement signal values ​​S(q). TSA When (t) and M=3, the average output S is... TSA (t) can be generated as: S TSA (t)=(S(q)+S(q+N V )+S(q+2×N V )) / MS TSA(t)=(S(q)+S(q+100)+S(q+200)) / 3 Therefore, when the compensation extractor 470 delivers N per revolution of the rotating tool V When measuring the sample value, every Nth time V Each measurement sample value is associated with the same rotational position. This advantageously means that the combination of the velocity variation compensation extractor 470 and the time synchronization averager 471 produces a position synchronization average. In summary, the measurement sample value S transmitted from the position synchronization averager 473... TSA (t) can be generated as follows:

[0270] Where M is the number of tool rotations to be averaged, and Nv is the number of measurement samples taken per revolution of the rotating tool.

[0271] For example, if M = 3, then TSA 471 transmits the average value S(q) based on three (3) measured signal values ​​S(q). TSA (t). Therefore, it should be understood that the signal values ​​S(q) and S(q+N) are... V ) and S(q+2×N V All of these represent the same tool position at different revolutions. Therefore, the average signal value S transmitted by TSA 471 TSA (t) has the same number of outputs per revolution N provided by the speed change compensation extractor 470. V An array of values ​​with the same number of elements. For example, if the speed change compensation extractor 470 transmits N per revolution. V =100 (one hundred) measurement signal values ​​S(q), then TSA 471 provides N per revolution V = 100 (one hundred) average measured signal values ​​S(t).

[0272] The combination of the tool speed detector 500, the speed variation compensation extractor 470, and the time synchronization averager 471 allows the output of the TSA 471 to have a measurement averaged over several revolutions, which advantageously reduces noise. It should be noted that the TSA 471 is configured to generate an average measurement such that the average measurement represents the average of multiple measurements detected at the same rotational position of the tool 20. In this respect, it should be noted that the rotational position can be represented by a polar angle.

[0273] As shown in Figure 15B, the output signal P of TSA 471 TSA and S TSA It can be provided to FFT 510.

[0274] In some examples, the output P of TSA 471 TSA S TSA It was provided to HCI 210.

[0275] In some examples, the HCI 210 is arranged to set a specific number of revolutions or cycles for the TSA 471 to average, thereby configuring the TSA 471 to provide

[0276] The current tool wear state X of the machine 10, including the tool 20 used to shear the raw material workpiece 30 and / or shape the raw material workpiece 30, can be represented and visualized by a single tool wear state value or by a combination of two or more tool wear state values.

[0277] Furthermore, the tool wear condition X of the tool 20 used to shear the raw material workpiece 30 and / or shape the raw material workpiece 30 can be represented and visualized by an image 520 (see Figures 16A and 16B), which is intuitive and easy to understand for the operator 230 of the machine system 5 when viewed. Visualizing the tool wear condition X of the tool 20 can advantageously enable the operator 230 of the machine system 5 to determine whether action needs to be taken. One example action that can be taken is to stop the shearing process so that the tool wear condition X indicates that the tool wear condition limit X has been exceeded. LIMIT When the tool is worn out, replace the worn tool edge with a sharper tool edge 310.

[0278] According to the exemplary solution, it is particularly advantageous to provide tool wear analysis results based on: - the analysis of vibration measurements in the time domain, and - the analysis of vibration measurements in the frequency domain.

[0279] The following sections discuss examples of the analysis of vibration measurements in the time domain with reference to Figures 16A and 16B, and the following sections discuss examples of the analysis of vibration measurements in the frequency domain with reference to Figures 17A and 17B.

[0280] Figures 16A and 16B are illustrations of examples of visual indications of the analysis results of the state parameter extractor 450, which represent the sample values ​​S(j), S(q), or S in the time domain when measured on a tool 20 with twelve tool edges. TSA (t), that is, the number of tool cutting edges L=12. Referring to Figure 3, the device 150 can generate images representing the tool wear state as shown in Figures 16A and 16B, and such images can be displayed on the screen display 210S or the user interface 210, 210S.

[0281] According to one example, the visual indication of the analysis results from TSA 471 may include providing polar coordinate systems 530 and 540. A polar coordinate system is a two-dimensional coordinate system in which each point in the plane is determined by its distance from a reference point 530 and its angle from a reference direction 540. The reference point 530 (similar to the origin of a Cartesian coordinate system) is called the pole 530, and the ray 540 from the pole in the reference direction is the polar axis. The distance to the pole is called the radial coordinate, radial distance, or simply radius, and the angle is called the angular coordinate, polar angle, or azimuth angle. In this respect, it should be noted that the rotational position can be represented by the polar angle, as mentioned above in the discussion of the time-synchronization averager 471 of Figure 15B.

[0282] Based on the example using the output of TSA 471, the average vibration amplitude value S is used. TSA (t) is used as the radius, and the average cyclic position value P is used. TSA (t) is used as the angular coordinate.

[0283] In some examples, sample values ​​S(q) and P(q) from the velocity variation compensation extractor 470 can be used instead of the value S transmitted by the TSA 471. TSA (t), P TSA (t) (See Figure 15B). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the measured sample value S(q) is better than that of the vibration signal sample value S(j) because the velocity variation compensation extractor 470 reduces or eliminates the effect caused by the tool speed f. ROT The trailing effect caused by change.

[0284] However, using sample value S TSA (t) This is particularly advantageous because they provide measurements with very low inaccuracy. The extremely low level of error is achieved through the combination of the speed variation compensation extractor 470 and the noise reduction effect of the time-synchronized averager 471, the former reducing or eliminating noise caused by the tool speed f. ROT The trailing effect caused by the change. In this regard, it should be noted that when tool 20 rotates, the tool edge 310 will engage the workpiece in a manner synchronized with the rotation time of rotating tool 20. Therefore, vibration signature V PENf It is advantageous for the recurrence of the digital measurement signal S(j) to be time-synchronized with the recurrence of the position signals P(j) and P(q) used as reference signals (see Figure 15A). The time synchronization between the digital measurement signal S(j) and the position signal P(j) is maintained by the velocity variation compensation extractor 470, which enables the time synchronization averager 471 to suppress signal components that are out of sync with the recurrence of the position signals P(j) and P(q).

[0285] Therefore, as described in this disclosure, for example with respect to FIG15B, the velocity variation compensation extractor 470 cooperates with the time-domain synchronous averager 471 to measure the sample value S. TSA The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of (t) is significantly better than that of the vibration signal sample values ​​S(j) and / or S(q).

[0286] Referring to Figures 16A and 16B, the cyclic position values ​​P, P(q), or P TSA (t) can indicate the angular difference between the current rotational position of tool 20 and the rotational reference position. For example, the rotational reference position can be the rotational position of tool 20 when position mark 180 is aligned with position sensor 170, as shown in Figure 2. The cyclic position values ​​P, P(q), or P(q) are repeated. TSA (t) can more generally be expressed as 360 times the ratio of the distance along the loop path to the total loop path distance. In Figure 16A, one rotation of the actuating tool 20 corresponds to starting from 0° in, for example, the reference direction 540, rotating 360° clockwise back to the reference direction 540, mapping the amplitude value S(q) or S of the vibration signal. TSA (t).

[0287] Therefore, Figures 16A and 16B are illustrations of examples of visual representations of vibration signals in the time domain. The vibration amplitude value S(q) or S... is represented using a time-domain polar coordinate system. TSA (t) can be visualized to effectively convey information about each of the L tool blades 310 of tool 20, where the number L can be an integer greater than one (1).

[0288] In this way, the tool wear state X of the monitored machine, including the tool 20 used for shearing the raw material workpiece 30 and / or shaping the raw material workpiece 30, can be shown as an amplitude pattern, wherein each impact of the tool edge 310 with the raw material workpiece 30 is determined by a set of cyclic position values ​​P, P(q), or P of the tool 20. TSA The amplitude signature V in the circular sector corresponding to (t) PENf express.

[0289] In the examples shown in Figures 16A and 16B, the number of tool edges L is twelve, and the vibration signature V PENf They do not appear to overlap.

[0290] Figure 16A is based on measurement data of a new tool 20 with L = twelve relatively sharp tool edges. Figure 16B is based on measurement data of a corresponding worn tool 20, i.e., a tool 20 with twelve tool edges that are more severely worn than those shown in Figure 16A.

[0291] In Figure 16A, the vibration signature V is shown during each interaction between the tool edge and the raw material workpiece. PENfIt appears relatively uniform. In contrast, in Figure 16B, the vibration signature V... PENf This appears to indicate that a significantly higher impact force occurred in the first part of the vibration signature compared to the rest of the interaction. It should be noted that the vibration signature V... PENf The first part can represent the moment when a single tool edge 310 begins to interact with the raw material workpiece. In other words, it should be noted, for example, the peak amplitude value 545. VB (i.e., the worn tool edge 310 in Figure 16B) V The relevant fifth vibration signal signature V PENf_V The peak amplitude in the middle is significantly higher than the peak amplitude value of 545. VA (i.e., the fifth tool edge 310 in Figure 16A, which is unworn and sharper) V The relevant fifth vibration signal signature V PENf_V Peak amplitude 545 VA Therefore, based on multiple measurements of the tool during aging, wear, and dulling processes, it has been concluded that the peak amplitude 545 associated with the tool edge 310 increases with the degree of wear.

[0292] According to the example, the monitoring module 150A and / or the state parameter extractor 450 are configured to identify vibration signature V. PENf At least one peak amplitude value Sp, 545, the peak amplitude value being the vibration signature V associated with a single tool edge 310. PENf The highest amplitude value identified. Refer to Figure 16A, sixth vibration signature V. PENf_VI Medium and tool cutting edge 310_ VI The relevant peak amplitude value 545 is labeled 545 in Figure 16A. VI Instructions. Furthermore, with the 6th vibration signature V PENf_VI The starting angular position 547 is indicated by reference numeral 547, corresponding to the 6th vibration signature V. PENf_VI The angular position 548, which is the end of the associated relationship, is indicated by reference numeral 548. Angular positions 547 and 548 can be identified respectively by their lowest amplitude values. In this regard, it should be noted that when there are L vibration signatures V... PENf At the same time, it is also possible to identify L peak amplitude values ​​545 per revolution of tool 20, and it is also possible to identify L minimum amplitude values ​​549 per revolution of tool 20. According to one example, the L minimum amplitude values ​​549 can be used to indicate adjacent vibration signatures V PENf The boundary between them.

[0293] Furthermore, according to one example, the analysis device 150 and / or the state parameter extractor 450 can be configured to identify the average amplitude value. The average amplitude value can be generated as the root mean square (RMS) value for all amplitude values ​​in the complete tool rotation curve, i.e., for all amplitude values ​​shown in Figures 16A or 16B. Peak amplitude value 545 V The ratio between the peak amplitude value and the average amplitude value can be used as the tool edge condition value for the fifth tool edge 310_V (see Figure 2 in conjunction with Figures 16A and 16B). In this regard, the peak amplitude value is 545. V This refers to the fifth vibration signature V. PENf_V The peak amplitude value is 545.

[0294] According to one example, the tool wear state X of tool edge 310 can be described or represented by multiple tool edge wear state parameters X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm, where the index m is a positive integer. Furthermore, according to another example, the tool wear state X of tool 20 having L tool edges can be described or indicated by multiple tool wear state parameters X0, X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm, where the index m is a positive integer, and where parameter X0 provides an identification code. The identification code may include the tool's identifier and a number in the range (1) to L to provide a reference to a single tool edge 310 associated with tool 20. I 310_ II 310_ III 310_ IV 310_ V 310_ VI 310_ VII The identifier is 310_L.

[0295] Alternatively, for example when only one tool is present, the identification code may consist of numbers in the range of one (1) to L, in order to provide identification of a single tool edge 310 associated with tool 20. I 310_ II 310_ III 310_ IV 310_ V 310_ VI 310_ VII Identification of 310_L.

[0296] In this regard, refer to the example tool 20 shown in Figure 2, which includes twelve tool edges 310. Thus, in this example, L = 12, and each of the Roman numerals I, II...XI, XII represents a single tool edge 310.

[0297] Therefore, according to this example, the identification code provided by parameter X0 indicates the single tool blade 310_ I310_ II ...310_ L One of them. Therefore, it should be understood that the tool edge wear state parameters X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm are related to the tool edge 310 identified by the identification code carried by parameter X0. Thus, each parameter X0 can identify the tool wear state vector X0 associated with the identified tool edge 310.

[0298] As discussed in other parts of this disclosure, the tool wear state parameter values ​​Xm (such as X1 and X2) are preferably generated as time series of sample values ​​Xm(r) (such as X1(r) and X2(r)). Therefore, it is preferable to generate the tool wear state vector X0 as a time series of the tool wear state vector X0(r).

[0299] At least one tool wear condition parameter value X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm associated with a single tool edge 310 of the identified tool 20 can be one or more parameter values ​​selected from the following group: X1 = peak amplitude value S P 545, in the time-domain vibration signal (i.e., S(j), S(q) or S... TSA (t) and vibration signal signature V PENf The vibration signal signature V was identified in the relevant section. PENf The identification is carried by the identification code carried by parameter X0. Therefore, parameter X1 can be the peak amplitude value S associated with tool 20 and the tool edge 310 identified by the identification code carried by the associated parameter X0. P 545. Therefore, the peak value is 545. VI The sixth tool cutting edge 310_ VI The parameter value X1 (see Figure 16A in conjunction with Figure 2).

[0300] X2 = Vibration signal signature V identified by the identity code carried by parameter X0. PENf The average amplitude value can be based on the vibration signal signature V identified by the identity code carried by parameter X0. PENf All relevant time-domain vibration samples (such as S(j), S(q), or S...) TSA The value of (t)). Therefore, parameter X2 is related to tool 20 and the tool edge 310 identified by the identity code carried by the associated parameter X0. According to one example, the average value, i.e., the RMS value, can be generated as the root mean square value, as described below.

[0301] X3 = The signature of all vibration signals of the tool identified by the identification code carried by parameter X0. PENf The average amplitude value. Therefore, parameter X3 can be based on all time-domain vibration sample values ​​(i.e., S(j), S(q), or S) related to one or more tool revolutions.TSA The average amplitude value of (t)). Therefore, parameter X3 is related to tool 20 and tool edge 310 identified by the identity code carried by the associated parameter X0.

[0302] X4 = the average amplitude value of all L time-domain peak values ​​X1 of the tool 20 identified by the identification code carried by parameter X0. Therefore, parameter X4 is associated with the tool 20 identified by the identification code carried by the associated parameter X0. Since parameter value X4 is based on measurement data associated with all tool edges 310 on the tool 20, parameter value X4 can provide an indication of the average wear condition of all tool edges 310 on the associated tool 20.

[0303] X5 is a value indicating the relationship between time-domain parameters X1 and X2. Therefore, parameter X5 is associated with tool 20 and the tool edge 310 identified by the identity code carried by the associated parameter X0. Thus, parameter X5 can be equal to X1 / X2.

[0304] X6 is a value indicating the relationship between time-domain parameter X1 and time-domain parameter X3. Therefore, parameter X6 is a time-domain parameter associated with tool 20 and the tool edge 310 identified by the identity code carried by the associated parameter X0. Therefore, parameter X6 can be equal to X1 / X3.

[0305] X7 is a value indicating the relationship between time-domain parameters X4 and X3. Therefore, parameter X7 is a time-domain parameter associated with the tool 20 identified by the identification code carried by the associated parameter X0. Parameter X7 is based on time-domain amplitude measurements and provides an indication of the average wear condition of all tool edges 310 of the tool 20 identified by the identification code carried by the associated parameter X0. Therefore, parameter X7 can be equal to X4 / X3, i.e., the value X4 divided by the value X3.

[0306] X8 is a value indicating the relationship between frequency domain parameter X11 and frequency domain parameter X12. Parameters X11 and X12 can be discussed below. Therefore, parameter X8 is associated with the tool 20 identified by the identity code carried by the associated parameter X0. Therefore, parameter X8 can be equal to X11 / X12.

[0307] X9 represents the relationship between the current parameter X11 and its historical values ​​at earlier points in time. Therefore, parameter X11 can be equal to the current or the most recent peak amplitude value S. P X11 and the previously detected peak amplitude value S P The division of X11, where the previously detected peak amplitude value S P X1 can be stored as parameter X111. This will be discussed in more detail below.

[0308] Therefore, X9 is a parameter based on frequency domain data.

[0309] X10 is a value indicating the relationship between the current time-domain parameter X1 and its historical values ​​at earlier points in time. Therefore, parameter X10 can be equal to the current or the most recent peak amplitude value S. P 545, X1 and the previously detected peak amplitude value S P The division of 545 and X1, where the previously detected peak amplitude value S P 545 and X1 can be stored as parameter X101. This will be discussed in more detail below.

[0310] X11 = the amplitude value generated by FFT 510. Therefore, parameter X11 is a parameter value extracted from the frequency domain data. Parameter X11 can indicate the amplitude of the amplitude component, which has a repetition frequency of L times per tool revolution, when the tool has L tool edges for engaging the workpiece. Therefore, parameter X11 can be the amplitude value C of the nth harmonic. n Wherein, when the FFT 510 is configured to receive L reference pulses per revolution, n=1; or parameter X11 can be the amplitude value C of the nth harmonic. n Wherein, when the FFT 510 is configured to receive one reference pulse per revolution, n=L.

[0311] X12 = Another amplitude value generated by FFT 510. Therefore, parameter X12 is a parameter value extracted from the frequency domain data.

[0312] Parameter X12 can indicate the amplitude of the amplitude component, which repeats at a frequency of 2L times per tool revolution when the tool has L tool edges for engaging the workpiece. Therefore, for example, if the tool has 12 tool edges, parameter X12 can indicate the amplitude of the amplitude component with a repetition frequency of 24 times per revolution.

[0313] X13 = Another amplitude value generated by FFT 510. Therefore, parameter X13 is a parameter value extracted from the frequency domain data.

[0314] Parameter X13 indicates the amplitude of the amplitude component, which repeats at a frequency of 3L times per tool revolution when the tool has L tool edges for engaging the workpiece. Therefore, for example, if the tool has 12 tool edges, parameter X13 can indicate the amplitude of the amplitude component with a repetition frequency of 36 times per revolution.

[0315] Furthermore, it can provide multi-frequency domain parameters X14, X15, ..., X1+n, where parameter X1+n can be set to the amplitude value C of the nth component. n .

[0316] The tool wear condition parameter values ​​X101 to X200 can be copies of one or more parameter values ​​X1 to X100 at an earlier point in time. According to a preferred example, the tool wear condition parameter values ​​X101 to X200 can be values ​​obtained when tool 20 and all associated tool edges 310 are not worn.

[0317] According to one example, the tool wear state vector includes one hundred (100) or fewer one hundred parameter values ​​related to the current wear state of the tool and / or tool edge.

[0318] However, according to one example, the tool wear state vector also includes multiple historical tool wear state values ​​X101 to X200 as described above. According to one example, one or more of the above parameter values ​​X1 to X100, measured when operating the machine with a new and unworn tool 20, can be copied and stored at positions 101 to 200 in the tool wear state vector.

[0319] Therefore, for example, when a new tool with a sharp cutting edge 310 is installed, the measurement method described in this disclosure can be performed, and when one or more of the aforementioned tool wear condition parameters X1 to X100 are established for the new tool 20 with the sharp cutting edge 310, these initial measurements are stored for future use. Thus, one or more initial tool cutting edge wear condition parameters X1 to X100 can be stored in a manner suitable for future comparison.

[0320] Alternatively, one or more tool wear condition parameters X1 to X100 associated with the tool 20 in its unworn state depicted in Figure 16A can be stored in another suitable manner, such that history Tool wear status parameters are associated with tool identification data and timestamps such as year, month, and day (e.g., YYYY.MM.DD).

[0321] Therefore, when the wear of the same tool is greater, as shown in Figure 16B, the current tool wear state parameters X1 to X100 can be compared with the corresponding initial tool wear state parameter values.

[0322] In addition, historical tool wear data may include a complete time series of synchronization signal pairs (S(q), P(q)) and / or synchronization signal pairs (S... TSA (t), P TSA The complete time series of the synchronization signal pair (S(q), P(q)) is obtained. In this way, historical data can be used to reproduce later illustrations of the wear state of earlier historical tools, such as those depicted in Figures 16A and / or 17A. As described above in conjunction with Figure 3, the complete time series of the synchronization signal pair (S(q), P(q)) and / or the synchronization signal pair (S... TSA (t), P TSAThe complete time series of (t) can be stored in non-volatile memory 430, and these time series can be associated with tool identification data and timestamps (such as year, month, day, e.g., YYYY.MM.DD). This advantageously enables visual indication of the current tool wear state (such as shown in Figures 16B and / or 17B) and depiction of the previous tool wear state (such as shown in Figures 16A and / or 17A).

[0323] In addition, according to one example, the tool wear state vector also includes multiple tool wear state reference values.

[0324] In the above discussion of parameters, some values ​​were stated to be averages. As an example, processor 350 can generate averages as root mean square (RMS) values. The RMS value of a set of values ​​is the square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of that set of values.

[0325] As mentioned above, two or more amplitude values ​​C n Combinations of (r) can indicate the tool wear condition X. For example, amplitude values ​​C with n equal to 1, 2, and 3 can be used. n (r), which are the tool wear condition indication values ​​C1(r), C2(r), and C3(r) from FFT 510.

[0326] As described above, the ratio between the peak amplitude value and the average amplitude of the amplitude signature can be used as a tool status value. The example parameters X5, X6, and X7 above are examples of such ratios based on time-domain measurements. The example parameters X8 and X9 above are examples of such ratios based on frequency-domain measurements.

[0327] This tool status value can be presented to the user, for example, via user interfaces 210, 210S. Alternatively, this tool status value can be compared with tool status limits to determine whether the relevant tool edge 310 or the relevant tool 20 should be replaced.

[0328] According to one example, the analysis device 150 can be configured to generate tool status values ​​(e.g., in the form of a ratio between a peak amplitude value and the average amplitude of an amplitude signature), and the analysis device 150 can be configured to automatically compare the tool status values ​​with tool status limits to determine whether the relevant tool edge 310 or the relevant tool 20 should be replaced.

[0329] Referring to Figures 16A and 16B, a tool edge monitoring system 150 is provided for displaying information related to tool wear conditions on user interfaces 210, 210S. Therefore, the example relates to a method of operating the tool edge monitoring system 150, 210S for generating and displaying information related to the shearing process in machine 10 (520, V). PENfThe machine has a rotational speed f ROT A tool 20, rotating about axis 60, is used to shear raw material 30. Referring to FIG1A, device 150 can generate images representing tool wear conditions as shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B, and such images can be displayed on screen display 210S or user interfaces 210, 210S. Therefore, Example A1 relates to a monitoring system 150 including: a computer-implemented method for representing tool wear conditions in a shearing process in a machine, the machine including a tool for shearing and / or shaping raw material workpiece 30 on screen display 210S, the method comprising: displaying on screen display 210S: a polar coordinate system (530, 540), the polar coordinate system having a reference point (O, 530), and a reference direction (0 degrees, 360 degrees, 540); and a vibration amplitude indicator object, the radius (S) of the object from the reference point (O, 530). TSA The polar angle (P) at (t), S(q)) relative to the reference direction (0°, 360°, 540°) TSA At point (t), P(q)), radius (P TSA P(t), P(q)) indicates the amplitude of the vibration signal generated when at least one tool edge (310) of the rotating tool (20) interacts with the raw material (30), and the polar angle (t, q) indicates the rotational position of the tool 20 relative to the reference direction (0 degrees, 360 degrees, 540).

[0330] A2. According to the method defined in Example A1 above, where the vibration amplitude indicator object is an indicator, such as a screen pixel, used to display the digital measurement data signal (S) on the screen display 210S. MD The measured sample value (S) TSA The time series of S(t), S(q)); where the measured sample values ​​(S) TSA The time series of (t), S(q)) includes signal sample values ​​(S(q), S(q+N)) representing the same rotational position of the tool at different rotation numbers. V ) and S(q+2×N V )).

[0331] A3. According to the method defined in Example A1 above, where the vibration amplitude indicator object is an indicator, such as a screen pixel, which is activated to display a point representing the measured sample value on the screen display 210S.

[0332] A4. According to the method defined in Example A1 above, where the vibration amplitude indicator object is an indicator, such as a screen pixel, which is activated to transmit an image (520, V). PENf At least a part of ).

[0333] A5. According to the method defined in Example A1 above, where the vibration amplitude indicator object is an indicator, such as a screen pixel, used to display the digital measurement data signal (S) on the screen display 210S. MD The measured sample value (S) TSA The time series of (t), S(q)); where a single measured sample value ((S) TSA (t), S(q)) and a single polar angle (P(q), P TSA (t) is related.

[0334] In this regard, it should be noted that the rotation position can be represented by the polar angle, as mentioned in the discussion above regarding the time synchronization averager 471 of Figure 15B.

[0335] In some examples, tool edge monitoring systems 150 and 210S are used to generate and display information related to the shearing process in machine 10, which has a rotational speed f ROT A tool 20, rotating about axis 60, for cutting raw material 30, is arranged to receive output from FFT 510 and is displayed on screen display 210S: a set of amplitude values ​​C1(r), C2(r), C3(r) in a corresponding set of frequency ranges. In some of these examples, a numerical relationship between at least two amplitude values ​​is further shown, where the numerical relationship indicates the tool wear state X. For example, with the fundamental frequency f ROT 、L×f ROT and 2×L×f ROT The relationship between the amplitude values ​​in the corresponding frequency ranges.

[0336] As described above, the state parameter extractor 450 can be configured to generate continuous tool wear state value pairs S TSA S(q) and P TSA P(q). The state parameter extractor 450 can also generate tool wear state values ​​S. TSA S(q) and P TSA The time derivative of S(q) can be calculated by, for example, subtracting the most recent previous tool wear state value or its derived value S(q-1) from the latest value S(q) divided by the time duration between the two values. Thus, derivative values ​​dSp(r) and dFI(r) can be generated. Derivative values ​​such as dS(q) can be used to indicate sudden changes in the tool wear state of tool 20.

[0337] As described in step S#30 of Figure 9, the state parameter extractor 450 can identify the constant speed phase, i.e., the constant rotational speed f of the tool 20. ROT The state.

[0338] In one example, tool 20 has twelve tool edges 310, i.e., a quantity L=12, which are configured to engage raw material 30 when the tool rotates about axis 60.

[0339] For this example, the sampling frequency is: n=7680 sampling points per revolution of tool 20.

[0340] As described above, tool 20 can rotate about rotation axis 60, and therefore position sensor 170 can generate a position signal Ep to indicate the instantaneous rotational position of tool 20. Position mark 180 can be disposed on the outer surface of tool 20 such that as tool 20 rotates about rotation axis 60, position mark 180 passes position sensor 170 for each revolution of the tool, thereby causing position signal Ep to exhibit the position mark signal value P. S Each location is marked with a signal value P. S Indicates the fixed position, that is, the position of the fixed stator.

[0341] Figure 2 shows the rotational position of the rotary tool 20, where position mark 180 is located at the same rotational position as static position sensor 170, and tool cutting edge 310_I is engaged with raw material workpiece 30. Tool cutting edge 310_I is followed by the adjacent tool cutting edge 310_II.

[0342] The impact between the tool cutting edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30 causes vibration V IMP This vibration causes signal characteristic events in the vibration signal. Therefore, since the position mark 180 is located at the same rotational position as the static position sensor 170, the rotational position can be determined based on the signal characteristic events indicating the impact and the number of such signal characteristic events.

[0343] Each revolution generates a position marker signal value P. S And the rotational speed f ROT When constant or substantially constant, there will be a constant or substantially constant number of vibration sample values ​​S(i) for each revolution of tool 20. For the purposes of this example, the position signal P(0) indicates vibration sample i=0, as shown in Table 1 (see below).

[0344] Therefore, if the position signal Ep has a pulse Ps for every revolution of tool 20, then the digital position signal will also have a position signal value P(i)=1 for every revolution, and the rest of the position signal values ​​will be zero.

[0345]

[0346] Table 1

[0347] Therefore, at a specific constant velocity f ROT Each revolution may have n time slots, as shown in Table 1, and n can be a positive integer. In the example in Table 1, n = 7680.

[0348] There is a position signal Ps for each revolution. We know that the position signal will repeat once every n time slots because the rotational speed fROT is constant. Therefore, as shown in Table 1, the position signal can be provided in time slot zero (0) and the next position signal can be provided in time slot 7680.

[0349] Referring to Figures 3, 5, 15A, and 15B, the state parameter extractor can operate to identify the detectable peak amplitude value Sp in the vibration signal. More specifically, when there are L tool edges on tool 20, tool 20 will generate L vibration signatures VPENf for each revolution. Therefore, the temporal order of the vibration signatures VPENf can be used to distinguish the tool edges.

[0350] Referring to Figures 2 and 16A, and in conjunction with Table 1, it can be noted that by detecting the order of occurrence of peak amplitude values ​​Sp and / or by detecting the time relationship between the occurrence of peak amplitude values ​​Sp and the occurrence of position signals, a single vibration signature VPENf_I can be assigned to a single tool edge 310_I on tool 20.

[0351] Column number 03 in Table 1 indicates the time slot number where the peak amplitude value Sp was detected. In the example shown in Table 1 in conjunction with Figures 2 and 16A, the vibration signature VPENf_I has a peak amplitude value Sp detected in time slot number 33 (see columns #3 and #01 in Table 1).

[0352] Therefore, the detected peak amplitude value Sp can be assigned a number, such as a number from 1 to L, where L is the number of tool edges 310 on the associated tool 20. In the example in Table 1, the tool edges are numbered using Roman numerals I, II...XII.

[0353] After detecting the peak value Sp in time slot 30, the temporal relationship between the occurrence of the repetitive vibration signal amplitude component Sp in time slot 33 and the occurrence of the position signal P(i) in time slots 0 and 7680 can be established. Therefore, it can be deduced that the first peak value Sp_I was detected at a rotational position two (2) degrees away from the fixed position of the position reference signal P(i).

[0354] Therefore, the inventors concluded that the following relationships exist: - Amplitude component S of the repetitive vibration signal FIMP The position signal P(i) can be used as the corresponding tool cutting edge 310 in the raw material workpiece 30 and the rotary tool 20. I 310 II 310 III310 IV ... 310 L Impact force F between IMP Instructions.

[0355] Since S = v × t, where S = distance, v = constant velocity, and t is time, the time relationship can be directly converted into distance. Referring to Figures 15B, 16A, and 16B, the inventors conclude that when the position signal includes a time series of position signal values, as shown in Figure 15B, P(q) and P... TSA As shown in (t); and

[0356] Vibration signals include position signal values ​​P(q) or P TSA The time series time synchronization measurement sample values ​​of (t) (S(q) and S in Figure 15B) TSA The time series of (t) then the single measured sample value ((S) TSA (t), S(q)) can be related to a single polar angle (P(q), P TSA (t) is related.

[0357] Therefore, the temporal order of the detected peak Sp can be used to generate an ID number associated with the detected peak Sp and / or the corresponding vibration signal signature.

[0358] Figures 17A and 17B are illustrations of examples of visual indications of the analysis results of the state parameter extractor 450 in the frequency domain related to the vibration signal. According to one example, the visual indication of the analysis results of FFT 510 may include providing a vibration frequency amplitude versus frequency plot 560. In other words, the analysis results of FFT 510 may include providing vibration signal amplitude values ​​at selected frequency values. The x-axis of such plot 560 represents frequency. Therefore, the x-axis can provide frequency values ​​in Hertz, or alternatively, the frequency values ​​can be expressed as rotational frequency f. ROT The order of the interaction. When the rotating tool has a specific number L of equidistant tool edges 310, the interaction between the tool and the raw material 30 will occur in L times per revolution, and therefore the analysis includes the order L, i.e., the frequency L×f. ROT The vibration signal amplitude value appearing at a selected frequency value in Hertz is advantageous. In Figures 17A and 17B, some orders of vibration signal amplitude, i.e., vibration signal amplitude values, which are multiples of L, are shown, where L is equal to the number of equidistant tool edges 310 of tool 20.

[0359] Figure 17A shows the FFT output for measurements taken with the new sharp tool edge 310. Figure 17B shows the FFT output for measurements taken with the worn tool edge 310. The amplitude of the L-order frequency is more than twice that of the worn tool edge 310 compared to the new tool 310. Additional information can be obtained by comparing subsequent order frequencies that are multiples of L.

[0360] The state parameter extractor 450 utilizes the output of TSA 471 and the average vibration amplitude value S TSA and the cycle position value P TSA Using FFT 510 as an input example allows for more reliable FFT outputs. These outputs can be compared to more stringent standards and / or used more reliably in further calculations to obtain improved and / or novel tool wear condition values.

[0361] According to one example, a method is provided for an operation monitoring module 150A for monitoring and / or operating a machine 10, the machine including rotatable tools 20, 22, each rotatable tool having a first number L of tool edges 310 configured to penetrate a raw material workpiece 30 when the tools 20, 22 rotate, so as to cause the tool edges 310 to shear the raw material 30.

[0362] Therefore, the cutting edge 310 cuts the raw material 30 to produce product parts 95 and 96, thereby generating a vibration signature V. PENf The vibration.

[0363] Such vibration signature V PENf The frequency of occurrence f R f TP It is the first repetition frequency f R First repetition frequency f R Depending on the rotational speed f of the rotatable tools 20 and 22 ROT First repetition frequency f R It can also depend on the number L of tool edges 310 on tool 20 that penetrate the raw material workpiece 30 during each revolution of rotating tool 20.

[0364] The method of operating the monitoring module 150A may include: receiving an indication vibration V PENF Vibration signal S FPENF S EA S MD Se(i), S(j), S(q); - Receive position signals E indicating the rotational positions of rotatable tools 20 and 22. P P(i), P(j), P(q); and information indicating the wear state X of the rotatable tool 20 based on vibration and position signals.

[0365] Referring to Figures 16A and 16B, the information generation step may include: detecting and... (The sentence is incomplete and requires more context to translate accurately.) I Related signal signature S PENf_I .

[0366] Referring to Figures 16A and 16B in conjunction with Figure 2, it should be noted that the rotary tool 20 (see Figure 2) comprises twelve tool edges 310, i.e., the number L in the example shown in Figure 2 is equal to 12. The twelve tool edges 310 in Figure 2 are indicated by reference numeral 310_ I 310_ II 310_ III 310_ IV 310_ V 310_ VI 310_ VII 310_ IIX 310_ IX 310_ X 310_ XI 310_ XII As shown, each of the Roman numerals I, II...XI, XII represents a single tool cutting edge 310. The tool cutting edges are numbered using Roman numerals according to the order in which they penetrate the raw material workpiece 30 as the tool 20 rotates. Therefore, the tool cutting edge 310 currently being penetrated is... I (See Figure 2) This may cause the first signal signature S shown in Figure 16A. PENf_I When adjacent tool cutting edges 310_ I Subsequently, when interacting with the raw material workpiece 30, the second tool cutting edge 310_ II Penetration of the raw material workpiece 30 may cause a second signal signature S PENf_II The signal signature is also shown in Figure 16A. Therefore, the tool edge 310_ I 310_ II 310_ III 310_ IV 310_ V 310_ VI 310_ VII 310_ IIX 310_ IX 310_ X 310_ XI 310_ XII Each of these (see Figure 2) will generate a corresponding impact and penetrating vibration signature V. PENf _ I V PENf _ II V PENf _ III VPENf _ IV V PENf _ V V PENf _ VI V PENf _ VII V PENf _ IIX V PENf _ IX V PENf _ X V PENf _ XI V PENf _ XII (See Figures 16A and 16B).

[0367] Repeated experimental measurements show that the signature of a single impact and penetration vibration is V. PENf This enables the analysis of individual vibration signatures V. PENf The method of change is analyzed, and information indicating the wear state X1 of the corresponding tool cutting edge 310 is extracted from the analysis.

[0368] Example of a variable speed state parameter extractor

[0369] As described above, if tool 20 rotates at a variable speed f ROT Rotation complicates the analysis of measurement data. In fact, regarding trailing, it seems that even very small changes in the tool's rotational speed can significantly negatively impact the quality of the detected signal. Therefore, the rotational speed f of tool 20... ROT Very precise detection appears to be crucial, as does accurate compensation for any speed variation.

[0370] Referring to Figures 15A and / or 15B, the tool speed detector 500 can transmit a signal f indicating when the rotational speed changes. ROT (j), as discussed in conjunction with Figure 9. Referring again to Figures 15A and / or 15B, signals S(j) and P(j) and the velocity value f ROT (j) can be transmitted to the speed variation compensation extractor 470. The speed variation compensation extractor 470 can also be called a fractional extractor. The extractor 470 is configured to be based on the received speed value f. ROT (j) Extracting the digital measurement signal S MD According to one example, the decimator 470 is configured to decimate the digital measurement signal S by a variable decimation factor D. MD During the measurement session, based on the variable speed value f ROT (j) Adjust the variable decimation factor D. Therefore, the compensated decimator 470 is configured to generate the decimated digital vibration signal S. MDRThis ensures that when the rotational speed changes, the number of sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating tool remains constant, or substantially constant. According to some embodiments, when the change in the number of sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating tool is less than 5%, the number of sample values ​​per revolution is considered substantially constant. According to a preferred embodiment, when the change in the number of sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating tool is less than 1%, the number of sample values ​​per revolution is considered substantially constant. According to the most preferred embodiment, when the change in the number of sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating tool is less than 0.2%, the number of sample values ​​per revolution is considered substantially constant.

[0371] Therefore, the embodiments of Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B include a fractional extractor 470 for using a extraction factor D=N / U D Sampling rate, where U D Both N and U are positive integers. Therefore, the fractional decimator 470 advantageously achieves a fractional sampling rate. Thus, the velocity variation compensated decimator 470 can operate to achieve a fractional sampling rate D = N / U. D To extract signals S(j) and P(j) and f ROT (j). According to one implementation method, U D The values ​​of and N can be selected from the range of 2 to 2000. According to one implementation, U D The values ​​of and N can be selected within the range of 500 to 1500. According to another embodiment, U D The values ​​of N can be chosen within the range of 900 to 1100. In this context, it should be noted that the term "fraction" has the following background: a fraction (from the Latin word *fractus*, meaning "broken") represents a part of a whole, or more generally, any number of equal parts. In a positive common fraction, both the numerator and denominator are natural numbers. The numerator represents some equal parts, and the denominator represents how many parts make up a unit or a whole. A common fraction is a quantity representing rational numbers. The same quantity can also be expressed as a decimal, percentage, or negative exponent. For example, 0.01, 1%, and 10⁻² are all equal to the fraction 1 / 100. Therefore, the fraction D = N / U D It can be considered an inverse fraction.

[0372] Therefore, the result signal S transmitted by the fraction extractor 470 MDR With sampling rate: f SR =f S / D=f S ×U D / N where, f S The signal S received by the fraction extractor 470 RED The sampling rate.

[0373] Score U D / N depends on the rate control signal received at input port 490. The rate control signal may be an indication of the rotational speed f of the rotary tool 20. ROT The signal.

[0374] The variable extractor value D of the extractor can be set to D=f S / f SR , where f S It is the initial sampling rate of the A / D converter, and f SR It is an indicator of the extracted digital vibration signal S MDR The setpoint value for the number of samples per revolution. For example, when there are twelve (12) tool edges in the tool to be monitored, the setpoint value f SR It can be set to 768 samples per revolution, that is, the number of samples per revolution is set as the extracted digital vibration signal S. MDR f in SR The compensation extractor 470 is configured to extract the digital vibration signal S. MDR The position signal P(q) is generated at regular intervals, which depend on the setpoint value f. SR For example, when f SR When set to 768 samples per revolution, the position signal P(q) can be transmitted once every 768 samples of the extracted vibration signal S(q).

[0375] Therefore, the sampling frequency f of the output data value R(q) SR (also known as f) SR2 ) compared to the input sampling frequency f S A lower factor D. Factor D can be set to any number greater than 1 and can be a fraction, as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure. According to a preferred embodiment, factor D can be set to a value between 1.0 and 20.0. In a preferred embodiment, factor D is a fraction that can be set to a value between about 1.3 and about 3.0. This can be achieved by subtracting an integer U... D Set N to an appropriate value to obtain the factor D. The factor D is equal to N divided by U. D D=N / U D According to one implementation method, integer U D N can be set to a large integer so that the factor D = N / U D It can follow speed changes with minimal error. Choose variable U. D Using integers greater than 1000 for N is beneficial for achieving high accuracy when adjusting the output sampling frequency to track changes in the rotational speed of tool 20. Therefore, for example, setting N to 500, and setting U... D If set to 1001, then D = 2.002.

[0376] Variable D is set to an appropriate value at the start of the measurement, and this value is associated with a specific rotational speed of the rotating component to be monitored. Subsequently, during the measurement session, the fractional value D is automatically adjusted in response to the rotational speed of the rotating component to be monitored, such that the output signal S... MDR Provides a roughly constant number of sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating tool.

[0377] Figure 18 illustrates an exemplary interaction between the tool cutting edge and the raw material.

[0378] Figures 19A, 19B, and 19C illustrate examples of different types of machines used for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping them. Figure 19A depicts a punching machine. Figure 19B depicts a lathe. Figure 19B also depicts a machine including a rotary saw as tool 20 for shearing and / or shaping raw material workpieces.

[0379] Figure 20 is a block diagram of an example of a compensation extractor 470. An example of this compensation extractor is represented as 470B.

[0380] The compensation extractor 470B may include a memory 604 adapted to receive and store data values ​​S(j) and the corresponding rotational speed f of the monitored rotating tool. ROT Therefore, the memory 604 can store each data value S(j) such that it is associated with the sensor signal S corresponding to the data value S(j) detected. EA The value is the rotational speed f of the monitored tool. ROT The value of (j) is related to this. Referring to Figures 7 through 13 above, the relationship with the corresponding rotational speed value f is described. ROT (j) The provision of the associated data value S(j).

[0381] The compensated decimator 470B receives a receiver with a sampling frequency f SR1 signal S MD As a sequence of data values ​​S(j), and transmitted at its output 590 with a reduced sampling frequency f SR Output signal S MDR , as a sequence of another data value R(q).

[0382] The compensation extractor 470B may include a memory 604 adapted to receive and store data values ​​S(j) and the corresponding rotational speed f of the monitored rotating tool. ROT The information. The memory 604 can store data values ​​S(j) in blocks, such that each block is associated with a value indicating the relevant rotational speed of the monitored tool, as described below in conjunction with Figure 21.

[0383] The compensation extractor 470B may also include a compensation extraction variable generator 606, which is adapted to generate a compensation value D. The compensation value D may be a floating-point number. Therefore, in response to the received velocity value f... ROT The compensation number can be controlled as a floating-point value, allowing the floating-point value to indicate the speed value f with a specific degree of inaccuracy. ROT As mentioned above, when implemented by a properly programmed DSP, the inaccuracy of floating-point values ​​may depend on the DSP's ability to generate floating-point values.

[0384] Furthermore, the compensated decimator 470B may also include an FIR filter 608. In this respect, the acronym FIR stands for Finite Impulse Response. The FIR filter 608 is a low-pass FIR filter with a specific low-pass cutoff frequency, suitable for use with a factor of D. MAX Perform extraction. Factor D MAX It can be set to an appropriate value, for example, 20,000. Furthermore, the compensation decimator 470B may also include a filter parameter generator 610.

[0385] The operation of the compensation extractor 470B is described below with reference to Figures 21 and 22.

[0386] Figure 21 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of a method for operating the compensation sampler 470B of Figure 20.

[0387] In the first step S2000, the rotational speed f of the tool to be monitored ROT The data is recorded in memory 604 (Figures 20 and 21), and this can be done at essentially the same time as the start of the vibration measurement. According to another example, the rotational speed of the tool to be monitored is measured over a time period. The maximum detection speed f... ROTmax and minimum detection speed f ROTmin It can be recorded in, for example, memory 604 (Figures 20 and 21).

[0388] In step S2010, the recorded speed values ​​are analyzed to determine whether the rotational speed has changed.

[0389] In step S2020, user interfaces 210 and 210S display the recorded speed value f. ROT Or velocity value f ROTmin f ROTmax The program then prompts the user to input the desired order value Oi. As mentioned above, the tool rotation frequency f... ROT This is typically referred to as "1st order". The signal of interest might occur ten times (10th order) per revolution of the tool. Furthermore, analyzing the overtones of some signals might be of interest, thus measuring signals up to the 100th, 500th, or even higher orders could be of interest. Therefore, the user can input the order Oi using the user interface 210, 210S.

[0390] In step S2030, a suitable output sampling rate f is determined. SR In this disclosure, the output sampling rate f SR It can also be called f SR2 According to one implementation, the output sampling rate f SR Set to f SR =C×Oi×f ROTmin , where C is a constant with a value greater than 2.0, and Oi is a number indicating the relationship between the rotational speed of the monitored tool and the repetition frequency of the signal to be analyzed.

[0391] f ROTmin This is the minimum rotational speed of the monitored tool expected during the upcoming measurement session. According to one embodiment, as described above, the value f... ROTmin It is the lowest rotational speed detected in step S2020.

[0392] Considering the sampling theorem, the constant C can be chosen to be 2.00 (ii) or a higher value. According to embodiments of this disclosure, the constant C can be preset to a value between 2.40 and 2.70.

[0393] According to one embodiment, the factor C is advantageously chosen such that 100 × C / 2 represents an integer. According to another embodiment, the factor C can be set to 2.56. Choosing C as 2.56 makes 100 × C = 256 = 2 to the power of 8.

[0394] In step S2050, the compensation extraction variable value D is determined. When the rotational speed of the monitored tool changes, the compensation extraction variable value D will change according to the instantaneously detected speed value.

[0395] According to one implementation method, the maximum compensation extracted variable value D MAX Set to D MAX =f ROTmax / f ROTmin The value of , and the minimum compensated extracted variable value D MIN It was set to 1.0. After that, the actual speed value f... ROT Perform instantaneous real-time measurements and set the instantaneous compensation value D accordingly.

[0396] f ROT It indicates the measured rotational speed of the rotating tool to be monitored.

[0397] In step S2060, the actual measurement begins, and the expected total duration of the measurement can be determined. The total duration of the measurement can be determined based on the expected revolutions (NR) of the monitored tool.

[0398] When the measurement begins, the digital signal SMD The signal is transmitted to input 480 of the compensation extractor. In the following discussion, the signal S is considered in relation to the signal having sample values ​​S(j). MD , where j is an integer.

[0399] In step S2070, the data value S(j) is recorded in the memory 604, and each vibration data value S(j) is compared with the rotational speed value f. ROT (j) Related.

[0400] In the subsequent step S2080, the recorded rotational speed values ​​are analyzed, and the recorded data values ​​S(j) are divided into data blocks based on the rotational speed values. In this way, multiple blocks of data values ​​S(j) can be generated, each data value block S(j) associated with a rotational speed value. The rotational speed value indicates the rotational speed of the monitored tool when recording the data values ​​S(j) for that specific block. The data blocks can have different sizes, meaning each data block can store a different number of data values ​​S(j).

[0401] For example, if the monitored rotating tool first reaches a first speed f during the first time period. ROT1 Rotate, then change speed during a second, shorter time interval, to a second speed f. ROT2 If rotated, the recorded data value S(j) can be divided into two data blocks: the first data block and the first velocity value f. ROT1 The second data block value is associated with the second velocity value f. ROT2 Related. In this case, the second data block will contain fewer data values ​​than the first data block because the second time period is shorter.

[0402] According to one embodiment, when all recorded data values ​​S(j) have been divided into blocks and all blocks have been associated with rotational speed values, the method continues to execute step S2090.

[0403] In step S2090, the first data value S(j) is selected, and the corresponding rotational speed value f is determined. ROT The compensation extraction value D is then used. This compensation extraction value D is associated with the first block data value S(j). According to one embodiment, when all blocks have been associated with their corresponding compensation extraction values ​​D, the method continues to execute step S2100. Therefore, the value of the compensation extraction value D is determined according to the velocity f. ROT Adjustments will be made.

[0404] In step S2100, the block of data value S(j) and the associated compensation extraction value D are selected, as described in step S2090 above.

[0405] In step S2110, in response to the selected input value block S and the associated compensated decimation value D, an output value block R is generated. This can be done as described with reference to Figure 22.

[0406] In step S2120, it is checked whether there are any remaining input data values ​​to process. If there is another block of input data values ​​to process, step S2100 is repeated. If there are no remaining blocks of input data values ​​to process, the measurement session is complete.

[0407] Figures 22A, 22B, and 22C show flowcharts of embodiments of the method of operating the compensation sampler 470B of Figure 20.

[0408] In step S2200, an input data value block S(j) and an associated specific compensation decimation value D are received. According to one embodiment, the received data is as described in step S2100 of FIG. 21 above. Each input data value S(j) in the received input data value block S is associated with a specific compensation decimation value D.

[0409] In steps S2210 to S2390, the FIR filter 608 (see Figure 20) is applied to the specific compensated decimation value D received in step S2200 and generates a set of corresponding output signal values ​​R(q). This will be described in more detail below.

[0410] In step S2210, a filter setting suitable for a specific compensation decimation value D is selected. As mentioned above in conjunction with Figure 20, the FIR filter 608 is a low-pass FIR filter with a setting suitable for a factor D. MAX The specific low-pass cutoff frequency to be decimated. Factor D MAX It can be set to an appropriate value, for example, 20.

[0411] Filter ratio F R Set to depend on factor D MAX And the value of the specific compensation decimation value D received in step S2200. Step S2210 can be performed by the filter parameter generator 610 (FIG. 20).

[0412] In step S2220, a starting position value x is selected from the received input data block s(j). It should be noted that the starting position value x does not have to be an integer. The FIR filter 608 has a length F LENGTH Then, based on the filter length F LENGTH and filter ratio F R To select the starting position value x. Filter ratio F R As set in step S2210 above. According to one embodiment, the starting position value x can be set to x:=F. LENGTH / FR .

[0413] In step S2230, the filter sum value SUM is prepared and set to an initial value, for example, SUM:=0.0.

[0414] In step S2240, position j, which is adjacent to and precedes position x in the received input data, is selected. Position j can be selected as the integer part of x.

[0415] In step S2250, position F in the FIR filter is selected. pos This corresponds to the selected position j in the received input data. Position F pos It can be a compensation quantity. The filter position F is relative to the center position of the filter. pos It can be determined as: F pos =[(xj)×F R Among them, F R It is the filter ratio.

[0416] In step S2260, the determined filter position value F is checked. pos Is it outside the allowed limit value, i.e., pointing to a position outside the filter? If this occurs, proceed to step S2300. Otherwise, proceed to step S2270.

[0417] In step S2270, the filter values ​​are calculated by interpolation. It should be noted that adjacent filter coefficients in an FIR low-pass filter typically have similar values. Therefore, interpolation will be advantageously accurate. First, the integer position value IF is calculated. pos :IF pos :=F pos The integer part position F pos filter value F val It will be: F val =A(IF pos )+[A(IF pos +1)-A(IF pos )]×[F pos –IF pos Among them, A(IF) pos ) and A(IF pos +1) is the value in the reference filter, and the filter position F pos It refers to the positions between these values.

[0418] In step S2280, in response to signal position j, the updated filtered sum value SUM is calculated: SUM := SUM + F val In step S2290, ×S(j) moves to another signal position: set j:=j-1. After that, proceed to step S2250.

[0419] In step 2300, position j in the received input data that is adjacent to position x and follows position x is selected. This position j can be selected as the integer part of x plus 1 (-), that is, j:=1+the integer part of x.

[0420] In step S2310, the position corresponding to the selected position j in the received input data is selected in the FIR filter. Position F pos It can be a compensation quantity. The filter position F is relative to the center position of the filter. pos It can be determined as: F pos =[(jx)×F R Among them, F R It is the filter ratio.

[0421] In step S2320, the determined filter position value F is checked. pos Is it outside the allowed limit value, i.e., pointing to a position outside the filter? If this occurs, proceed to step S2360. Otherwise, proceed to step S2330.

[0422] In step S2330, the filter values ​​are calculated by interpolation. It should be noted that adjacent filter coefficients in an FIR low-pass filter typically have similar values. Therefore, interpolation will be advantageously accurate. First, the integer position value IF is calculated. pos :IF pos :=F pos The integer part position F pos The filter value is: F val (F pos =A(IF pos )+[A(IF pos +1)-A(IF pos )]×[F pos –IF pos Among them, A(IF) pos ) and A(IF pos +1) is the value in the reference filter, and the filter position F pos It refers to the positions between these values.

[0423] In step S2340, in response to signal position j, the updated filtered sum value SUM is calculated: SUM := SUM + F val In step S2350, ×S(j) moves to another signal position: set j:=j+1. After that, proceed to step S2310.

[0424] In step S2360, the output data value R(j) is transmitted. The output data value R(j) can be transmitted to the memory so that consecutive output data values ​​are stored in consecutive memory locations. The value of the output data value R(j) is: R(j) := SUM. In step S2370, the position value x is updated: x := x+D. In step S2380, the position value j is updated: j := j+1. In step S2390, it is checked whether the expected number of output data values ​​has been generated. If the expected number of output data values ​​has not been generated, proceed to step S2230. If the expected number of output data values ​​has been generated, proceed to step S2120 in the method described with respect to FIG21.

[0425] In fact, step S2390 is designed to ensure that an output signal value block R(q) corresponding to the input data value block S received in step S2200 is generated, and when the output signal value R corresponding to the input data value S has been generated, step S2120 in FIG21 should be executed.

[0426] The method described with reference to Figure 22 can be implemented as a computer program subroutine, and steps S2100 and S2110 can be implemented as the main program.

[0427] As shown in this disclosure, a rotary tool 20 including position marks 180 at each tool edge 310 can be used in conjunction with a state parameter extractor 450. Referring to Figures 15A and / or 15B, the arrangement of a rotary tool 20 with six evenly spaced tool edges 310 and six evenly spaced position marks 180 can be used to generate a mark signal P(i), which is transmitted to a tool speed value generator 500. Therefore, during the rotation of the tool 20, the tool speed value generator 500 will receive a mark signal P(i) with a position indicator signal value every 360 / L degrees. Thus, when the rotation speed f ROT At a constant speed, during the rotation of tool 20, the Fast Fourier Transform 510 will receive a marker signal value P(j) = 1 from the speed value generator 500 every 360 / L degrees. Alternatively, when the rotational speed f ROT During the rotation of tool 20, fast Fourier transform 510 receives a marker signal value P(q)=1 from extractors 470, 470B every 360 / L degrees. Extractors 470, 470B are arranged to output a signal set based on how far tool 20 has traveled along the loop path.

[0428] Furthermore, when the velocity value generator 500 receives a marker signal P(i) with a position indication signal value (e.g., P(i) = 1) every 360 / L degrees during the rotation of the tool 20, the velocity value generator will be able to generate even more precise velocity values ​​f. ROT (j).

[0429] Regarding the appropriate setting of FFT 510 when a marker signal value P(j)=1 is received every 360 / L degrees during the rotation of tool 20, this means that the fundamental frequency will be the repetition frequency f. R .

[0430] As described above regarding Figure 2, the vibration signal S EA S MD S(j) and S(q) will exhibit signal characteristics S FIMP The signal characteristic S indicates the impact between the cutting edge 310 of the tool and the raw material workpiece 30. When there are L cutting edges 310 in the tool 20 (refer to Figure 2 in conjunction with Equation 2 below), the signal characteristic S is... FIMP This will be repeated L times for each revolution of tool 20.

[0431] Referring again to the Fourier series (see Equation 2 below): n=∞F(t)=∑C n sin(nωt+Ф n (Equation 2) n=0 where n=0 is the average value of the signal over a time period (it can be zero, but does not have to be zero), n=1 corresponds to the fundamental frequency of the signal F(t), n=2 corresponds to the first harmonic sub-tone of the signal F(t), and ω = the angular frequency of interest, i.e. (2×π×f) R ), f R =Frequency of interest, expressed in cycles per second, t = time, Фn = phase angle of the nth partial, C n =The amplitude of the nth tone In this embodiment, it should be noted that when the FFT 510 receives a marker signal value P(j)=1 every 360 / L degrees during the rotation of the tool 20, the fundamental frequency will be one for each tool edge 310.

[0432] As mentioned above, the settings of FFT 510 should take into account the reference signal. As mentioned above, the position signals P(j) and P(q) (see Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B) can be used as reference signals for the digital measurement signals S(j) and S(q).

[0433] According to some implementations, when the FFT analyzer is configured to receive a reference signal, i.e., position signals P(j) and P(q), every 360 / L degrees during the rotation of tool 20, and L is the number of tool edges 310 in tool 20, the settings of the FFT analyzer should meet the following criteria: the integer value Oi is set to one, i.e., equal to 1, and the settable variable O is selected. MAX and B n This makes the mathematical expression Oi×B n / O MAXTo make N a positive integer. In other words: when the integer value Oi is set to equal to 1, the settable variables OMAX and Bn should be set to integer values ​​so that the variable NR is a positive integer, where N R =Oi×B n / O MAX Using the above settings, i.e., the integer value O i Set to equal to 1, and referring to Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B and Equation 2 above, the FFT 510 can transmit an amplitude value |C| for n=1. n |, that is, |C1|=Sp(r). The FFT 510 can also transmit the phase angle of the fundamental frequency (n=1), that is, Ф1=FI(r).

[0434] In this regard, it should be noted that when using the above settings, the amplitude value C for n=1 n (r) indicates the amplitude with a repetition frequency of L cycles per revolution of tool 20, and therefore the amplitude value C for n=1. n (r) can indicate the tool wear condition X. According to one example, two or more amplitude values ​​C... n The combination of (r) can indicate the tool wear condition X.

[0435] Based on one example, two, three, or more amplitude values ​​C can be provided. n (r), such as C1(r), C2(r), C3(r), to indicate the tool wear condition X.

[0436] As an example, amplitude values ​​C from FFT 510 with n equal to 1, 2, and 3 can be used. n (r), which are tool wear condition indication values ​​C1(r), C2(r), and C3(r).

[0437] Referring to Figure 1A and Equation 2 above, and with reference to Figures 15A and / or 15B, the tool wear state values ​​Sp(r) = |C1| and FI(r) = Ф1 can be transmitted to the Human-Machine Interface (HCI) 210 to provide a visual indication of the analysis results. As described above, the displayed analysis results may include information indicating the tool wear state during the shearing process, enabling the operator 230 to control the machine, which includes tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping them. The displayed analysis results may include information indicating the tool wear state, enabling the operator 230 to determine whether tool 20 or its components need to be replaced.

[0438] Referring to Figure 16, an example illustration of the visual indication of the analysis results is valid for the setting of the rotary tool 20, whereby the FFT 510 will receive marker signals P(i), P(j), P(q) with position indication signal values ​​every 360 / L degrees, where L is the number of tool edges 310 in the tool 20.

[0439] Therefore, when the FFT analyzer 510 is configured to receive reference signals P(j), P(q), P(j) per revolution of the rotary tool 20, TSA (t) reaches L times, and the FFT analyzer 510 is configured such that the fundamental frequency of the signal F(t) corresponds to a multiple of L×f. ROT Where L is the number of tool edges 310 on tool 20 and f ROT When the rotational speed of tool 20 is n=1, the amplitude value C is... n (r) can indicate the tool wear condition X.

[0440] In other words, when the FFT analyzer 510 is configured to receive reference signals P(j), P(q), P(j) per revolution of the rotary tool 20 TSA (t) reaches L times, and the FFT analyzer 510 is configured such that the fundamental frequency of the signal F(t) corresponds to a multiple of L×f. ROT Where L is the number of tool edges 310 on tool 20 and f ROT When the rotational speed of tool 20 is , the amplitude value of the fundamental frequency of signal F(t) indicates the tool wear state X.

[0441] In this case, the amplitude value of the fundamental frequency is relevant because when tool 20 has L tool edges, the repetition frequency f of the interaction between the tool and the workpiece... R The interaction will occur with each rotation of the tool.

[0442] Although the above discussion of the FFT510 setup involves Fourier series and Equations 1 and 2 for the purpose of providing an intuitive understanding of the background of the FFT transformer 510 setup, it should be noted that the use of digital signal processing may involve Discrete Fourier Transform (see Equation 3 below): Equation 3:

[0443] Therefore, according to embodiments of this disclosure, the aforementioned Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) can be included in signal processing for generating data indicating the tool wear state of a machine, including tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces, for example, as discussed in the embodiment in conjunction with state parameter extractor 450. In this regard, reference is made to, for example, Figures 3, 4, 5, 15, and / or 24. Given the above discussion of the topics of FFT and Fourier series, the Discrete Fourier Transform will not be discussed in further detail, as it is very familiar to the technical reader of this disclosure.

[0444] Although Figure 2 shows that multiple position marks 180 can be set on the rotating part of the tool 20, each mark 180 causes the position sensor 170 to generate a rotation mark signal value P.S However, it should be noted that this position signal can also be generated by an encoder 170 mechanically coupled to the rotary tool 20. Therefore, the position sensor 170 can be implemented by an encoder 170 mechanically coupled to the rotary tool 20, such that the encoder generates, for example, a marking signal P at each tool edge 310 in the rotary tool 20 during rotation of the tool 20. S Alternatively, the position sensor 170 can be implemented by an encoder 170, which is mechanically coupled to the rotary tool 20, such that the encoder generates, for example, a marker signal P each revolution of the rotary tool 20. S According to one example, the system is configured such that when there is more than one tool edge 310 on tool 20, rotating tool 20 provides a marker signal P for each revolution. S A marker signal P is provided for each revolution of the rotary tool 20. S Advantageously, it enables the generation of vibration signature identifiers based on the angle FI between the position reference value 540 and the peak amplitude value, as discussed above, for example, with respect to Table 1.

[0445] In summary, regarding the appropriate settings of FFT 510 and Equations 1 and 2 above, attention should be paid to the phase angle (i.e., Φ) of the nth partial. n This can indicate the relative position of the raw material workpiece 30. Specifically, the phase angle of the nth sub-tone (i.e., Ф) n The position of the raw material workpiece 30 can be indicated as a portion of the distance between two adjacent tool edges 310 in the rotary tool 20. Typically, during normal operating conditions of many processes, the position of the raw material workpiece 30 relative to the tool 20 is substantially the same in each cycle, thus the phase angle remains substantially constant. Referring to Table 6 and Figure 2 above, the total distance between two adjacent tool edges can be considered as 360 degrees, and the phase angle value of the nth fraction (i.e., Фn) divided by 360 degrees indicates a percentage of the total distance between two adjacent tool edges. This can be seen, for example, by comparing column #2 in Tables 5 and 6 above. As mentioned above, Ф n = the phase angle of the nth partial, and |C n |=Amplitude of the nth tone. As discussed above, considering the number L of tool edges 310 in the rotary tool 20 and the number of generated reference signals, as well as the resulting order Oi of the signal of interest, the FFT 510 can be set to transmit the phase angle Фn of the nth tone and the amplitude |C of the nth tone. n |, so that the phase angle of the nth partial (i.e., Ф) n This can indicate the relative position of the raw material workpiece 30. Furthermore, as described above, FFT 510 can be set such that variable N... R Let N be a positive integer, where N is a positive integer.R =Oi×B n / O MAX And among them, O MAX It is the largest order and has integer values; and B n Oi is the number of intervals in the spectrum generated by FFT, and Oi is the number L of tool edges 310 in the monitored tool 20.

[0446] Figure 26 shows a schematic top view of another embodiment of the system 730 including machine 10. Another exemplary machine 10 is machine 10. Machine 10 includes a tool 20 for shearing raw materials. The machine of Figure 26, including a tool for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping the raw material workpiece system 730, may include parts and may be configured as described in any other embodiment of this disclosure, such as those described with respect to Figures 1-25 and / or with respect to Figure 31. Specifically, the device 150 shown in Figure 26 may be configured according to any other embodiment of this disclosure (e.g., those described with respect to Figures 1-23).

[0447] However, in the embodiment of system 730 shown in Figure 26, device 150 includes a monitoring module 150A and a control module 150B. Although device 150 is illustrated as two blocks in the figure, it should be understood that device 150 can be provided as a single entity 150, including monitoring module 150A and control module 150B, as shown in Uniform Reference 150.

[0448] System 730 is configured to control the state of output material from machine 10, which has a rotational speed f ROT The tool 20, which rotates about axis 60, is used to cut raw material workpiece 30.

[0449] Tool 20 may have a tool edge attachment device 22 comprising a first number L of tool edges 310 configured to engage material as tool 20 rotates about axis 60. System 730 may include means 170, 180 for generating a position signal. Means 170, 180 may include a position sensor 170 and a marker 180, as described elsewhere in this disclosure. The position signal is E. P P(i), P(j), and P(q) indicate the rotational position of the rotating tool 20. The position signal includes a time series of position signal sample values ​​P(i), P(j), and P(q).

[0450] Provide sensor 70, 70 SUP 70 TOOL 330, and it is configured to respond to mechanical vibration V from the rotation of the tool. IMP Generate vibration signal S EA SMD Se(i), S(j), S(q). Vibration signal S EA Se(i), S(j), and S(q) can include the time series of vibration sample values ​​Se(i), S(j), and S(q).

[0451] The device 150 of system 730 may include a monitoring module 150A and a control module 150B. The monitoring module 150A includes state parameter extractors 450, 4501, 4502, and 450C, which are configured to detect tool wear parameters as described in other parts of this disclosure.

[0452] As described above, system 730 includes a control module 150B configured to receive data indicating the tool wear state of machine 10 from machine monitoring modules 150, 150A. The data indicating the tool wear state may include any information generated or transmitted by the state parameter extractor 450, as described in this disclosure with respect to any of Figures 1 to 31. Referring to Figure 26, control module 150B includes a regulator 755 for controlling the output material state Y (see Figure 26 in conjunction with Figure 2) based on a set of tool wear state limit values ​​X. LIMIT And the determined tool wear state values ​​X1(r), X2(r), X3(r); X11, X12.

[0453] The regulator 755 can be configured to control the raw material feed rate setpoint R based on the difference between a determined tool wear condition value and a set of tool wear condition limits. SSP The raw material feed rate R is discussed in conjunction with Figure 1A. S Depends on the raw material feed rate setpoint R SSP (See Figure 26). As described in conjunction with Figure 1A, the raw material feed rate R S This is the amount of raw material 30 supplied to machine 10 per unit time for shearing and / or shaping by tool 20. In some examples, the raw material feed rate setpoint R... SSP A device 280 for feeding raw materials is provided, which is configured to guide the raw materials to tool 20. In some examples, the device 280 for feeding raw materials is included in machine 10. In some examples, the raw material feed rate setpoint R... SSP It is provided to machine 10.

[0454] The regulator can also be configured to control the setpoint f of the tool's rotational speed. ROT_SPIn some examples, the tool speed can be set individually for different parts of a repetitive cycle. For example, a tool wear state of a particular tool 20 may benefit from a first speed change in a first type of engagement between the tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30, and a second speed change in a second type of engagement occurring in the same cycle. The regulator can also be configured to control the torque setpoint or force setpoint of the engagement between the tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30.

[0455] Figure 27 shows a schematic block diagram of a distributed process monitoring system 770. Reference numeral 780 relates to a client location having a machine 10 with a rotatable tool 20, as discussed above with respect to the foregoing figures in this document. The client location 780, also referred to as a client section or machine location 780, may be, for example, a site of a forestry company or a timber processing plant.

[0456] The distributed process monitoring system 770 is operational when one or more sensors 70 are attached to a measurement point associated with tool 20, or when one or more sensors are attached to a measurement point associated with tool 20. As described above, such measurement points may be located at bearings 40, 50 (see Figures 26 and 27) or measurement point locations.

[0457] Measurement signal S EA S EA_SUP S EA_TOOL and E P (See, for example, Figures 1, 27, 26, and 25) This can be coupled to the input port of the machine position communication device 790. S, associated with the vibration signal from the support member... EA_SUP and S related to the vibration signal from tool 20 EA_TOOL The machine position communication device 790 may include a means for measuring signal S. EA S EA_SUP S EA_TOOL and E P The analog-to-digital converter 795 performs A / D conversion. The A / D converter 975 can operate as disclosed elsewhere in this document with respect to the A / D converter 330, for example, in conjunction with Figures 3 and 5. The machine position communication device 790 has a communication port 800 for bidirectional data exchange. This communication port 800 can be connected to a communication network 810, for example, via a data interface 820, for implementing corresponding measurement signals S. EA S EA_SUP S EA_TOOL and E P The communication network 810 can be the World Wide Web, also known as the Internet. The communication network 810 may also include the public switched telephone network.

[0458] Server computer 830 is connected to communication network 810. Server 830 may include database 840, user input / output interface 850, data processing hardware 852, and communication port 855. Server computer 830 is located at server location 860, which is geographically spaced from machine location 780. Server location 860 may be in a first city, such as Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, while machine location 780 may be in a rural area near the machine, and / or in another country, such as Norway, Australia, or the United States. Alternatively, server location 860 may be in a first part of a country, while machine location 780 may be in another part of the same country. Server location 860 may also be referred to as vendor component 860 or vendor location 860.

[0459] According to one example, central control location 870 includes a monitoring computer 880 with data processing hardware and software for monitoring and / or controlling the tool wear status of machine 10 at remote machine location 780. Monitoring computer 880 may also be referred to as control computer 880. Control computer 880 may include database 890, user input / output interface 900, and data processing hardware 910, as well as communication ports 920, 920A, or several communication ports 920, 920A, 920B. Central control location 870 may be geographically separated from machine location 780. Central control location 870 may be in a first city, such as Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, while machine location 780 may be in a rural area near the machine, and / or in another country, such as Norway, Australia, or the United States. Alternatively, central control location 870 may be in a first part of a country, while machine location 780 may be in another part of the same country. Control computer 880 may be coupled to communicate with machine location communication device 790 via communication ports 920, 920A. Therefore, the control computer 880 can receive the measurement signal S from the machine position communication device 790 via the communication network 810. EA S EA_SUP S EA_TOOL and E P (See, for example, Figures 1, 27, 26, and 25).

[0460] System 770 can be configured to receive measurement signal S in real time or near real time. EA S EA_SUP S EA_TOOL and E P Alternatively, it may be able to monitor and / or control machine 10 in real time from location 870. Furthermore, control computer 880 may include monitoring modules 150, 150A as disclosed in any example of this document, for example, as disclosed in conjunction with any of Figures 1 to 26 above.

[0461] The supplier company can occupy server location 860. The supplier company can sell and deliver device 150 and / or monitoring module 150A and / or software for such device 150 and / or monitoring module 150A. Therefore, the supplier company can sell and deliver software for control computer 880 at central control location 870. Such software 370, 390, 400 will be discussed, for example, in conjunction with FIG4. Such software 370, 390, 400 can be transmitted via transmission over communication network 810. Alternatively, such software 370, 390, 400 can be transmitted as a computer-readable medium 360 for storing program code. Therefore, computer programs 370, 390, 400 can be provided as articles of manufacture including a computer storage medium in which the computer program is encoded.

[0462] According to an exemplary embodiment of system 770, monitoring computer 880 can, for example, receive measurement signals S from machine position communication device 790 substantially continuously via communication network 810. EA S EA_SUP S EA_TOOL and E P (See, for example, Figures 1, 27, 26, and 25) to enable continuous or substantially continuous monitoring of the tool wear condition of machine 10. The user input / output interface 900 at the central control location 870 may include a screen 900S for displaying images and data, as discussed elsewhere in this document in conjunction with HCI 210. Therefore, the user input / output interface 900 may include a display or screen 900S, 210S for providing visual indications of the analysis results. The displayed analysis results may include information indicating the tool wear condition during the shearing process, enabling the operator 930 at the central control location 870 to control machine 10.

[0463] In addition, the monitoring computer 880 at the central control location 870 can be configured to transmit information indicating the tool wear status of the shearing process to the HCI 210 via communication ports 920, 920B and via communication network 810.

[0464] In this way, the monitoring computer 880 at the central control location 870 can be configured to enable the operator 230 at the client location 780 to control a machine including tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping the raw material workpieces. The local operator 230 at the client location 780 can be located in a control room 220 (see Figures 1A and / or 27). Therefore, the client locations 780, 220 may include a second machine position communication device 790B. The second machine position communication device 790B has a communication port 800B for bidirectional data exchange, and the communication port 800B can be connected to a communication network 810, for example, via a data interface 820B.

[0465] Although two location communication devices 790 and 790B have been described for clarity, alternatively, a single machine location communication device 790 and 790B and / or a single communication port 800 and 800B may be provided for bidirectional data exchange. Therefore, items 790 and 790B can be integrated into a single unit in machine location 780, and similarly, items 820 and 820B can be integrated into a single unit in machine location 780.

[0466] Figure 28 shows a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of the distributed process monitoring system 940. Reference numeral 780 relates to a client location having a machine 10 with a rotatable tool 20, as discussed above with respect to the foregoing figures in this document. The distributed process monitoring system 940 of Figure 28 may include components and be configured as described in any other embodiment described in this disclosure, for example, with respect to Figures 1 through 31. Specifically, the monitoring device 150 shown in Figure 28, also referred to as monitoring module 150A, may be configured as described in any other embodiment described in this disclosure, for example, with respect to Figures 1 through 31. Specifically, the process monitoring system 940 shown in Figure 28 may be configured to include monitoring module 150A, as disclosed in conjunction with Figure 27, but located at a central control location 870.

[0467] Furthermore, in the process monitoring system 940 shown in Figure 28, machine position 780 includes control module 150B, as described above in conjunction with Figure 26.

[0468] Therefore, the tool wear condition of machine 10 can be automatically controlled by control module 150B located at or near machine position 780, while monitoring computer 880 at central control position 870 can be configured to transmit information indicating the tool wear condition of the shearing process to HCI 900, 900S, so that operator 930 at central control position 870 can monitor the tool wear condition of machine 10.

[0469] Measurement signal S EA S EA_SUP S EA_TOOL and E P (See, for example, Figures 1, 27, 26, and 25) This can be coupled to the input port of the machine position communication device 790. The machine position communication device 790 may include a device for measuring signal S. EA S EA_SUP S EA_TOOL and E P The analog-to-digital converter 795 performs A / D conversion. The A / D converter 975 can operate as disclosed elsewhere in this document with respect to the A / D converter 330, for example, in conjunction with Figures 3 and 5. The machine position communication device 790 has a communication port 800 for bidirectional data exchange. The communication port 800 can be connected to a communication network 810, for example, via a data interface 820. This communication port 800 can be connected to the communication network 810, for example, via a data interface 820, for implementing corresponding measurement signals S. EA S EA_SUP S EA_TOOL and E P The transmission of digital data.

[0470] Furthermore, the client location 780 may include a second machine location communication device 790B. The second machine location communication device 790B has a communication port 800B for bidirectional data exchange, and the communication port 800B may be connected to the communication network 810, for example, via a data interface 820B, so that data indicating the tool wear status of the machine 10 can be received by the control module 150B.

[0471] As shown in Figure 28, data indicating the tool wear status of machine 10 can be generated by monitoring module 150A located at the central position 870.

[0472] Although Figure 28 depicts two location communication devices 790, 790B for clarity, alternatively, a single machine location communication device 790, 790B and / or a single communication port 800, 800B may be provided for bidirectional data exchange. Therefore, items 790 and 790B can be integrated into a single unit in machine location 780, and similarly, items 820 and 820B can be integrated into a single unit in machine location 780.

[0473] As shown in Figure 28, based on S EA_SUP and S EA_TOOL Determined tool wear condition value X1 SUP X1 TOOL The control module 150B can be transmitted back to the client location 780, along with the tool wear condition limit value X1. LIMIT_SUP X1LIMIT_TOOL The comparison is performed. The control module can send a setpoint to machine 10 based on the comparison.

[0474] Figure 29 shows a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of the distributed process control system 950. Again, reference numeral 780 relates to a client location having machine 10 with a rotatable tool 20, as discussed above with respect to the foregoing figures in this document. The distributed process monitoring system 950 of Figure 29 may include components and be configured as described in any other embodiment described in this disclosure, for example, with respect to Figures 1 through 31. Specifically, the monitoring device 150 shown in Figures 28 and 29, also referred to as monitoring module 150A, may be configured as described in any other embodiment described in this disclosure, for example, as discussed with respect to Figures 1 through 31. Furthermore, the process monitoring system 950 shown in Figure 29 may be configured to include a control module 150B as described above in conjunction with Figure 26 and a monitoring module 150A as disclosed in conjunction with Figure 27.

[0475] In the example of Figure 29, monitoring module 150A and control module 150B are located at control position 870. Control position 870 may be located remotely from machine position 780. Data communication between control position 870 and machine position 780 may be provided via data ports 820 and 920 and communication network 810, as discussed above in conjunction with the preceding figures.

[0476] Figure 31 is another example block diagram of the state parameter extractor 450 (referred to as state parameter extractor 450C). As discussed below, the state parameter extractor 450C may include a vibration event feature detector, a position signal value detector, and a relation generator. As discussed below, the vibration event feature detector may be implemented by a peak detector.

[0477] According to various aspects of the solution disclosed in this document, reference position signal values ​​Ep, I, IC are generated at L predetermined rotational positions of the rotatable tool 20, the L predetermined rotational positions following a pattern reflecting the angular positions of the L tool edges 310 in the tool 20. Providing such reference position signal values ​​Ep, I, IC, and providing vibration event characteristic detection in the manner disclosed herein, it is possible to generate data indicating the tool edges 310 of the engaging raw material workpiece 30 in an advantageously accurate manner.

[0478] While an example of positioning the tool edges 310 in an equidistant pattern (i.e., evenly distributed throughout the tool 20) has been provided, this solution can also be used for other angular position patterns of the L tool edges 310 in the tool 20. When using other angular position patterns of the L tool edges 310 in the tool, it is important that reference position signal values ​​Ep, I, IC are generated at the L predetermined rotational positions of the rotatable tool 20, the L predetermined rotational positions following a pattern that reflects the angular positions of the L tool edges 310 in the tool 20.

[0479] Referring to Figure 5, the A / D converter 330 can be configured to transmit a sequence of paired vibration measurements S(i) associated with the corresponding position signal value P(i) to the state parameter extractor 450.

[0480] The state parameter extractor 450C in Figure 31 is suitable for receiving the sequence of measured values ​​S(i) and the sequence of position signals P(i), as well as the time relationship between them.

[0481] Therefore, a single measurement value S(i) is associated with a corresponding position value P(i). Such a signal pair S(i) and P(i) is transmitted to memory 970. Referring to Figure 31, the state parameter extractor 450C includes memory 970.

[0482] Memory 970 can receive data in the form of signal pairs S(i) and P(i) to analyze the temporal relationships between events occurring in the received signals. Columns #2 and #3 in Table 3 provide examples of the data collected in memory 970 during one full rotation of the tool, when position signals 1 and 1C are provided six times per rotation, since there are L=6 tool edges 310 in tool 20. Tables 4 and 5 provide more detailed information on the example signal values ​​for the first 1280 time slots in Table 3.

[0483] Position signals 1 and 1C can be generated by physical marking device 180, and / or some position signals 1C can be virtual position signals. The time series of position signal sample values ​​P(i), P(j), and P(q) should be provided according to the occurrence pattern reflecting the angular position of the tool cutting edge 310 in tool 20.

[0484] For example, when tool 20 has six (L=6) equidistant tool edges 310, the angular distance between any two adjacent tool edges 310 is 60 degrees. This is because 360 ​​degrees is a complete circle, and when L=6, the angular distance between any two adjacent tool edges is 360 / L=360 / 6=60. Therefore, as shown in Table 3, the corresponding time series representing the position signal sample value P(i) of tool 20 completing one circle should include six (L=6) position signal values ​​I, IC with the corresponding occurrence patterns.

[0485] The state parameter extractor 450C also includes a position signal value detector 980 and a vibration event feature detector 990. The vibration event feature detector 990 can be configured to detect vibration signal events, such as amplitude peaks in a sequence of received measurement values ​​S(i).

[0486] The output of the position signal value detector 980 is coupled to the start / stop input 995 of the reference signal time counter 1010 and the start input 1015 of the event characteristic time counter 1020. The output of the position signal value detector 980 can also be coupled to the start / stop input 1023 of the vibration event characteristic detector 990 to indicate the start and stop of the duration to be analyzed. When position signal values ​​1 and 1C are detected, the detector 990 sends a signal at its output.

[0487] The vibration event feature detector 990 is configured to analyze all sample values ​​S(i) between two consecutive position signal values ​​1 and 1C to detect the highest peak amplitude value Sp. The vibration event feature detector 990 has a first output 1021, which is coupled to the stop input 1025 of the event feature time counter 1020.

[0488] The reference signal time counter 1010 is configured to count the duration between two consecutive position signal values ​​1 and 1C, thereby generating a first reference duration value T at the output terminal 1030. REF1 To achieve this, for example, the reference signal time counter 1010 is a clock timer that counts the time length between two consecutive position signal values ​​1 and 1C. The first reference duration value T... REF1 The time duration between static position signal P4 and static position signal P5 can be indicated in this way.

[0489] Alternatively, the reference signal time counter 1010 can count the number of time slots between two consecutive position signal values ​​1 and 1C (see column #01 in Table 3).

[0490] The event characteristic time counter 1020 is configured to count the duration from the occurrence of position signal values ​​1, 1C to the occurrence of a vibration signal event (such as an amplitude peak). This can be achieved by the following: - When the start input 1015 receives information from the position signal value detector 980 that the position signal values ​​1, 1C have occurred, the event characteristic time counter 1020 starts counting.

[0491] When the stop input 1025 receives information from the vibration event feature detector 990 that a vibration signal event (e.g., amplitude peak) has been detected in the sequence of received measurement values ​​S(i), the event feature time counter 1020 stops counting.

[0492] In this way, the event characteristic time counter 1020 can be configured to count the duration from the occurrence of the position signal value 1, 1C to the occurrence of the amplitude peak. This duration is referred to herein as the second reference duration value T. REF2 Second reference duration value T REF2 It can be transmitted at output terminal 1040. Second reference duration value T REF2 This can be used to indicate the time duration between the occurrence of the static position signal P4 and the occurrence of the amplitude peak.

[0493] Referring to Figure 31, output 1040 is coupled to input of relation generator 1050 so as to input the second reference duration value T. REF2 Provided to relation generator 1050.

[0494] The relation generator 1050 also has an input that is coupled to receive a first reference duration value T from the output 1030 of the reference signal time counter 1010. REF1 The relation generator 1050 is configured to base its value on the received second reference duration value T. REF2 and the received first reference duration value T REF1 This is used to generate the tool wear condition value X1. The tool wear condition value X1 can also be called R. T (r); T D FI(r). Tool 20 can generate L tool wear state values ​​X1 for each revolution. Furthermore, the L tool wear state values ​​X1 generated per revolution can be averaged to generate a single tool wear state value X1(r) for each revolution of tool 20. In this way, the state parameter extractor 450C can be configured to transmit an updated tool wear state value X1(r) once per revolution.

[0495] For clarity, examples of generating tool wear state value X1 are discussed in conjunction with Figures 15B, 16A, 16B, 17A, and 17B.

[0496] Referring to Figure 31, the vibration event feature detector 990 can be configured to detect peak amplitude sample values ​​Sp. The vibration event feature detector 990 has an output terminal 1070 for transmitting the detected peak amplitude Sp of the vibration signal. The detected peak amplitude Sp of the vibration signal can be transmitted from the output terminal 1070 of the vibration signal peak amplitude detector 990 to the output terminal 1080 of the state parameter extractor 450C. The output terminal 1080 constitutes the output terminal of the second state parameter extractor for transmitting a second tool wear state value X2(r), also referred to as Sp(r). The second tool wear state value X2(r) is transmitted at the same transmission frequency as the first tool wear state value X1(r).

[0497] Furthermore, the first tool wear state value X1(r) and the second tool wear state value X2(r) are preferably transmitted simultaneously as a set of tool wear state data (X1(r); X2(r)). In the symbol X1(r), "r" represents the number of samples in the time slot, that is, the increase of the value of "r" represents the time progress, in the same way as the number "i" in column #01 in Table 3.

[0498] As described elsewhere in this document, vibration signal signature S FIMP The peak amplitude sample value Sp appears to depend on the impact force F. IMP The magnitude of the impact force F. IMP The impact between the cutting edge 310 of the indicating tool and the raw material workpiece 30 causes mechanical impact vibration V. IMP .

[0499] Figure 32 is a block diagram of system 5,320,770, which includes a machine comprising tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping them, as shown in block 10. This machine receives multiple inputs U1, ..., Uk and generates multiple outputs Y1, ..., Yn. Referring to Figures 32 and 1B, it should be noted that, for ease of analysis, machine 10 can be considered a black box 10B, which has multiple input variables, referred to as input parameters U1, U2, U3, ..., Uk, where the index k is a positive integer. During the operation of machines 10 and 10B, the machine, including the tools 20 for shearing and / or shaping the raw material workpieces, has a tool wear state X. For analytical purposes, machine 10 can be considered a black box 10B with multiple output variables, also referred to as output parameters Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn, where the index n is a positive integer.

[0500] The tool wear state X can be described or represented by multiple tool wear state parameters X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm, where the index m is a positive integer.

[0501] Using linear algebra terminology, the input variables U1, U2, U3, ..., Uk can be collectively referred to as the input vector U. Therefore, the dimension of the input vector U is k: Input vector U: Dim(U) = k. Similarly, the tool wear state parameters X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm can be collectively referred to as the tool wear state vector X.

[0502] The dimension of the tool wear state vector X is m: Tool wear state vector X: Dim(X)=m Output parameters Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn can be collectively referred to as output vector Y.

[0503] The output vector Y has dimension n: Output vector Y: Dim(Y) = n. The tool wear state X of the tool can be called X(r) at a time point called r. The tool wear state X(r) can be described or represented by multiple tool wear state parameters X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm. These tool wear state parameters define different aspects of the tool wear state X(r) of tool 20 at a position along cycle r or at a rotation angle of rotating tool 20.

[0504] The tool wear state X(r) of machine 10 depends on the input vector U(r). One aspect of the tool wear state X is the total amount of material 30 in tool 20, and this total amount does not change immediately. Therefore, during the operation of machine 10, the tool wear state X(r) can be regarded as a function of the earlier tool wear state X(r-1) and the input U(r): X(r) = f1(X(r-1), U(r)), (Equation 4) where X(r-1) represents the tool wear state X of tool 20 at a time point before time point r.

[0505] The output Y of machine 10 can be considered as a function of the tool wear state X. Therefore, in linear algebra terms, the output vector Y(r) depends on the tool wear state vector X(r): Y(r) = f2(X(r)) (Equation 5). One aspect of this document aims to address the problem of how to maintain the shearing process of machine 10 at a suitable operating point. Therefore, during the operation of machine 10, it may be desirable to counteract deviations from the suitable operating point. This problem can be solved by providing a linearized model of the shearing process at the operating point. The functions f1 and f2 described above can be linear when considered at operating points close to the suitable operating point, respectively. Therefore, at a selected operating point, the tool wear state X(r) can be considered as a function of the earlier tool wear state X(r-1) and the input U(r) according to a linear model, which can be written as follows: X(r) = A × X(r-1) + B × U(r) (Equation 6) where A and B are coefficient matrices.

[0506] In this respect, it is worth noting that in linear algebra, the coefficient matrix is ​​a matrix consisting of the coefficients of the variables in a set of linear equations. As skilled readers of this document will know, the coefficient matrix is ​​used to solve systems of linear equations.

[0507] In this regard, it should be noted that the coefficients in matrices A and B can be constants.

[0508] Similarly, at the selected operating point, according to the linear model, the output vector Y(r) depends on the tool wear state vector X(r), which can be written as follows: Y(r) = C × X(r) (Equation 7) where C is the coefficient matrix.

[0509] However, Equation 7 does not imply that a change in state X must immediately translate into a change in state Y, because there may sometimes be a delay between the occurrence of a change in tool wear state X and the corresponding change in state Y(r) of the output material 95. However, when operating in a steady state, there appears to be a correlation between the tool wear state X during the shearing process occurring at time r in machine 10 and the state Y(r) of the output material 95 at the same time r. Therefore, Equation 7 is valid at least when machine 10 is operating in a steady state.

[0510] Referring to Equation 7, the coefficients in matrix C can be constants. The constant values ​​of the coefficients in matrix C can be determined at a selected operation point X. OP The derivative is set to C = dY / dX.

[0511] Referring to Figure 32, the system includes a monitoring module 150A for generating a tool wear state vector X of dimension m, where m is a positive integer. In one example, Dim(X) is at least 2. The values ​​in the tool wear state vector X can be generated in the manner disclosed in any of Figures 1A to 31 above.

[0512] The monitoring module 150A can be adapted to convey, for example, information describing the tool wear state X of the tool during the operation of the machine 10 via the user interface 210, as indicated by arrow 1122. Therefore, one or more values ​​in the tool wear state vector X can be conveyed to the operator 230 via the user interface 210. This advantageously simplifies the operator 230 of the machine 10 in making appropriate adjustments 1124 to the setpoint value (index SP) to affect the input vector U. Thus, by adjusting, for example, the speed setpoint value U1... SP (Refer to Figure 32 in conjunction with Figure 1A) Operator 230 can adjust the speed f ROT , U1.

[0513] In this way, the operator adjusts the relevant setpoint value U SP The corresponding input variables U1, U2, U3, ..., Uk can be adjusted.

[0514] Set point value U1 SP U2 SP U3 SP ...Uk can be collectively referred to as the set point vector U. SP Therefore, let the point vector U be defined. SP The dimension is k: set the point vector U SP Dim(U SP The system 5, 320, 770 of Figure 32 may include a monitoring module 150A as described in any other embodiment of this disclosure, such as that associated with any of Figures 1 to 31.

[0515] Figure 33 is a block diagram of systems 730, 940, and 950, which includes a machine that includes tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces, as shown in block 10, receiving multiple inputs U1, ..., Uk, and generating multiple outputs Y1, ..., Yn.

[0516] The system 940 of Figure 33 may include a monitoring module 150A as described in any other embodiment of this disclosure, such as that associated with any of Figures 1 to 31. Furthermore, the system 940 of Figure 33 may include a control module 150B as described in any other embodiment of this disclosure, such as that associated with Figure 28.

[0517] The monitoring module 150A of Figure 33 can be adapted to convey information describing the tool wear state X of the tool during the operation of machine 10, for example, via user interface 210. Therefore, one or more values ​​in the tool wear state vector X can be conveyed 1122 to operator 230 via user interface 210, as indicated by arrow 1122. This advantageously simplifies the operator 230 of machine 10's access to the machine setpoint value U and / or the tool wear state limit value X. LIMIT (Index Limit) Make appropriate adjustments 1126 to affect or compare the tool wear condition X of the tool during operation of machine 10. Arrow 1126 indicates, for example, the tool wear condition limit X. LIMIT Relevant user input. Tool wear condition limit value X1 LIMIT X2 LIMIT X3 LIMIT ... Xm LIMIT This can be collectively referred to as the tool wear state limit vector X. LIMIT For example, for a tool 20 comprising six tool edges 310, the tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT It can include a tool edge wear status value for each of the six tool edges 310.

[0518] Tool wear state vector X LIMITThe dimension is m: the limit vector of tool wear state X LIMIT Dim(X) LIMIT In this way, operator 230 adjusts the machine setpoint value U and / or the associated tool wear condition limit value X1. LIMIT X2 LIMIT X3 LIMIT ... Xm LIMIT The tool wear condition X and the tool wear limit X can be compared during the operation of machine 10. LIMIT A comparison is then made. Therefore, in response to user input, user interface 210 can be configured to generate the tool wear state limit vector X. LIMIT The value of .

[0519] Tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT The data is transmitted to the reference input terminal of the control module 150B, as shown in Figure 33. Referring to Figure 33 in conjunction with Figure 26, the control module 150B is a multivariable control module, which also receives the aforementioned tool wear state vector X from the monitoring module 150A.

[0520] In this respect, the tool wear state vector X can indicate the current state of the process in machine 10, and the tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT This indicates the threshold value for the permissible tool wear state in the process. Typically, the tool wear state limit vector X... LIMIT With one or more tool wear condition values ​​X1 LIMIT X2 LIMIT This is related to the minimum acceptable amount of tool wear described by standards such as, or combinations thereof.

[0521] The multivariable control module 150B can be adapted to control based on the received tool wear state limit vector X. LIMIT Generate tool wear state error vector X from the received tool wear state vector X. ERR .

[0522] Tool wear state error vector X ERR Including tool wear condition error value X1 ERR X2 ERR X3 ERR ... Xm ERR .

[0523] The dimension of the tool wear state error vector X is m: Tool wear state error vector X ERR Dim(X) ERR The error vector )=m is transmitted to the user interface or GUI to alert the operator, or to the robot to enable the robot to automatically replace worn tools, i.e., the robot provides the machine 10 with tools with unworn or sharp tool edges 310.

[0524] Therefore, the system described in Figure 33 advantageously simplifies the operation of the machine 10 by transmitting information 1122 indicating the tool wear state X during operation, while also allowing the operator to provide 1126 information describing the tool wear state, such as the aforementioned tool wear state limit vector X. REF The reference value is in the form of a reference value.

[0525] Figure 34 shows another schematic diagram of a system 1130 including machine 10. Therefore, reference numeral 1130 refers to a system including machine 10 having a rotatable tool 20, as discussed in this document. The system 1130 of Figure 34 may include parts and be configured as described above with respect to Figure 1A and / or as described in any other example described in this disclosure, such as those described with respect to Figures 1 through 33.

[0526] Monitoring module 150A may include a state parameter extractor function, as described elsewhere in this document, for generating tool wear state values ​​X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm. It should be noted that the tool wear state X at a time point referred to as r can be called X(r). This tool wear state X(r) can be described or indicated by multiple parameter values ​​that define different aspects of the tool wear state X(r) at position r of tool 20. Therefore, the tool wear state values ​​X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm at time r can be collectively referred to as the tool wear state vector X(r).

[0527] The system shown in Figure 34 can provide integrated HCI 210, 250, 210S. Therefore, the input / output interface 210 of Figure 34 can be configured to enable all of the above inputs and / or outputs. Additionally, the input / output interface 210 of Figure 34 can be configured to provide 1132 information related to the state of the output material. The state of the output material can be described by output parameters Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn, collectively referred to as the output vector Y. As mentioned above, the dimension of the output vector Y is n:

[0528] Output vector Y: Dim(Y)=n

[0529] Vector Y can also be called the output material state vector Y.

[0530] System 1130 of Figure 34 includes regulator 1190. Regulator 1190 can be configured to enable all the functions described in reference regulator 240, which is described elsewhere herein. Alternatively, regulator 1190 can be configured to enable all the functions described in reference regulator 755, which is described elsewhere herein. In addition to the functions described in regulator 240 and / or regulator 755, regulator 1190 can also be configured to perform additional functions, such as conveying and / or receiving information related to output material 95 in the form of output parameters Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn. Therefore, regulator 1190 can also be represented by reference numerals 240C and / or 755C.

[0531] Therefore, regulator 1190 can be configured to transmit information related to output material 95 to operator 230, as shown by arrow 1132. Furthermore, regulator 1190 can be configured to receive information related to output material 95 from operator 230, as shown by arrow 1196.

[0532] Figure 35 is a schematic general overview of the information that the input / output interface 210 of Figure 34 may convey. Referring to Figures 34 and 35, it should be noted that the regulators 1190 and 755C of Figure 34 are coupled via coupler 1100 for data exchange with the input / output interface 210. The information transmitted via coupler 1100 includes the aforementioned tool wear state limit vector X. REF Reference values.

[0533] Referring to Figure 34, system 1130 includes a product analyzer 1140 configured to analyze at least a portion of the output material 95. Analyzer 1140 is configured to generate at least one output material measurement value Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn based on the output material analysis.

[0534] In practice, at least one output material measurement value Y1, Y2, Y3, ... Yn can indicate the output material state Y, which is the instantaneous state of the output material 95. When the analyzer 1140 provides two or more output material measurements, these values ​​can be provided in the form of the aforementioned output vector Y.

[0535] For example, at least one output material measurement value may include an indicator of the output material discharge rate R. SDis The value of the output material discharge rate R. SDis It can also be called the output parameter Y1.

[0536] The instantaneous state of the output material 95 (i.e., the output material state Y) can be identified by measuring at least one output material measurement value Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn. In practice, it may be desirable to generate more than one output material measurement value to obtain information indicating the output material state (Y).

[0537] At least one output material measurement value may be one or more selected from the group consisting of: - a value Y1; Y2 indicating the mass of output material 95 per unit time; - a value Y1; Y2 indicating the mass of output material 95 per unit time; - a value Y1; Y2 indicating the median size of output material; - a value Y1; Y2 indicating the mass of output material 95 per unit time, having a size below a predetermined output material size limit; - a value Y1; Y2 indicating the proportion or percentage of output material, whose output material size is within the range between the lower limit and the upper limit of output material size; - a value Y1; Y2 indicating the count (i.e., quantity) of output material, whose output material size is within the range between the lower limit and the upper limit of output material size; - a value Y1; Y2 indicating the size distribution Y of output material, such as standard deviation; and - a value Y1; Y2 indicating the size Y1; Y2 of output material.

[0538] The output material dimensions Y1 and Y2 can be selected from at least one of the following groups: - output the median material dimension value; - output the average material dimension value; - output the median material diameter value; and - output the average material diameter value.

[0539] The output material size limit value can be selected from at least one of the following groups: - output material diameter value; and - output material maximum width value.

[0540] The output material size distribution Y is indicated by the value Y1; Y2 can be at least one selected from the following groups: - standard deviation value; - variance value; - the range between the highest and lowest dimensions; - interquartile range.

[0541] The range between the minimum and maximum output material size values ​​can be between the following: 30 micrometers and 20 millimeters; 150 micrometers and 300 micrometers; 200 micrometers and 220 micrometers; and / or 0 millimeters and 40 millimeters.

[0542] Product analyzer 1140 can therefore be configured to analyze at least a portion of output material 95 to generate at least one output material measurement value Y1, Y2, Y3, ... Yn based on the output material analysis. The at least one output material measurement value Y1, Y2, Y3, ... Yn can be provided with information indicating the time point at which the at least one output material measurement value Y1, Y2, Y3, ... Yn has been generated.

[0543] Furthermore, the output material state Y at time point w can be referred to as Y(w). The output material state Y(w) can be described or indicated by multiple parameter values ​​Y1(w), Y2(w), Y3(w), ..., Yn(w), which are defined at different aspects of the output material 95 discharged from machine 10 at time w. Therefore, the output material parameter values ​​Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn at time w can be collectively referred to as the output material state vector Y(w), or simply the output vector Y(w).

[0544] As stated above, there is a causal relationship between a specific tool wear state X(r) and a specific output Y(r), and therefore the output Y of machine 10 can be regarded as a function of the tool wear state X.

[0545] Referring to Figure 34, the output vector Y can be transmitted to the first input of correlator 150C1. Furthermore, the tool wear state vector X can be transmitted by module 150A to the second input of correlator 150C1. Correlator 150C1 is configured to identify the correspondence between the tool wear state X and the corresponding output Y.

[0546] However, to perform the correlation, it is desirable to ensure that the measured value of the output Y(w) at least approximately corresponds to the same time point as the tool wear state X(r). In other words, the values ​​in the tool wear state vector X(r) may need to be synchronized with the values ​​in the corresponding output vector Y(w). Referring to Figure 34, the output vector Y(w) can be fed to the first input of an optional synchronizer 1150. The synchronizer 1150 is optional because it may not be necessary, for example, when the tool wear state vector X(r) and the corresponding output vector Y(w) are generated synchronously, such that...

[0547] -Time point w and time point r are the same time point, or

[0548] - Ensure that time point w is at least approximately the same as time point r.

[0549] The time synchronization vectors X(t) and Y(t) are received by the correlation data generator 1160, as shown in Figure 34.

[0550] The correlation data generator 1160 generates a correlation dataset 1170. According to one example, the correlation data generator 1160 generates the correlation dataset by performing the following associations: at least one received tool wear state value, such as X1(t), and at least one received corresponding output material measurement value, such as Y2(t).

[0551] The correlation data generator 1160 can receive multiple timestamped tool wear state vectors X(r) and corresponding output vectors Y(w) for multiple timestamps. The received information vectors can be received in a time-interleaved manner, such as X(10), Y(12), X(14), Y(16), X(18), Y(20), X(22), Y(24), where the synchronizer 1150 receives vector X within a time interval between receiving two consecutive vectors Y. This is the case when vector X(18) is timestamped during the time interval between t=20 and t=16, and vectors Y(16) and Y(20) are timestamped at t=16 and t=20, respectively. When operating the machine 10 under steady-state conditions, i.e., when all values ​​in vectors X and Y stabilize over time, the synchronizer 1150 can generate vector pairs X and Y by adjusting the timestamps so that the generated pair of vectors X and Y have the same timestamp. This same timestamp can be, for example, an intermediate timestamp. For example, when the aforementioned vectors X(18) and Y(20) are received, synchronizer 1150 can arrange them into vector pairs stamped with an intermediate time t=19. Therefore, synchronizer 1150 can generate vector pairs X(t+1) and Y(t+2) in response to the receipt of vectors X(t) and Y(t+2) to transmit to correlation data generator 1160.

[0552] Furthermore, the transmission frequencies of vectors X and Y may differ. This issue can be addressed, for example, by configuring synchronizer 1150 to transmit paired received vectors X and Y to correlation data generator 1160, such that each timestamp vector Y is associated with the vector X having the closest timestamp to the earlier one. Therefore, synchronizer 1150 may have to discard or reject some vectors.

[0553] Therefore, for example, when the transmission frequency of vector X is lower than that of vector Y, synchronizer 1150 can receive vectors as follows: vector X (34), vector Y (36), vector X (37), vector Y (38), vector X (40), vector Y (40), vector Y (42), vector X (43), vector Y (44). Then synchronizer 1150 can transmit pairs 1165 of vectors X and Y to correlation data generator 1160, such that each timestamp vector Y is associated with the vector X with the closest earlier timestamp. In the example above, synchronizer 1150 can transmit the following pairs: vector X (34) vector Y (36), vector X (37), vector Y (38), vector X (40), vector Y (40), vector X (43), Y (44), and vector Y (42) as a co-sequence can be discarded.

[0554] Table 7 below shows an example of 1165 consecutive pairs of vectors X and Y arranged in chronological order.

[0555]

[0556] Table 7: Consecutive pairs of vectors X and Y arranged in chronological order 1165.

[0557] The examples of consecutive pairs 1165 of vectors X and Y shown in Table 7 include information indicating tool wear condition value X1 and information indicating the corresponding output parameter Y2. Output parameter Y2 indicates the median size of output material 95 produced by machine 10, which includes tools 20 for shearing raw material workpiece 30 and / or shaping raw material workpiece 30.

[0558] The correlation data generator 1160 can be configured to perform correlation based on the received pairs 1165 of vectors X and Y. According to one example, the correlation data generator 1160 can be configured to perform regression analysis based on a large number of received pairs 1165 of vectors X and Y.

[0559] Regression analysis can use one or more statistical procedures to estimate the relationship between dependent variables, that is, the relationship between the values ​​in vector Y and one or more independent variables (i.e., the values ​​in vector X).

[0560] Referring to Figure 34, the correlation dataset 1170 generated by the correlator 150C1 can be transmitted to the tool wear state limit value generator 150c2.

[0561] The tool wear condition limit value generator 150c2 can be configured to use the received correlation data 1170 to generate the limit value Y. LIMIT Transformed into the corresponding tool wear state limit value X LIMIT Table 8 shows the limit value Y2. LIMIT Transformed into the corresponding tool wear state limit value X1 LIMIT The diagram illustrates an example of a data transformation table. In fact, Table 8 is an exemplary dataset corresponding to the information in Table 7 above.

[0562]

[0563] Table 8: Correlation dataset 1170 in correlation table format, used to output material limit value Y2 LIMIT Transformed into tool wear condition limit value X1 LIMIT .

[0564] Exemplary correlation data table 1170 (examples of which are shown in Table 8) indicates the correlation between tool wear condition value X1 and output parameter Y2, indicating the median size of output material 95 produced by a machine including tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces.

[0565] More complex situations in multivariate monitoring systems

[0566] Figures 37 and 38 illustrate the functionality of the correlation data generator 1160 in a relatively simple case applied to regression analysis with a single dependent variable Y2 and a single independent variable X1.

[0567] However, one objective of the solutions and examples disclosed in this document is to describe methods and systems for improved monitoring and / or control of tool wear state X in machine 10 during operation. When machine 10 operates at a variable rotational speed X5 = U1 and also exhibits variations in frequency amplitudes of order L and X1, the regression analysis described above applied to a single dependent variable Y2 and a single independent variable X1 may be insufficient. However, to address this issue, the correlation data generator 1160 can apply regression analysis to multiple data pairs 1165, including: a received tool wear state vector X(t) of dimension m, and a corresponding output vector Y(t) of dimension n, where m and n are positive integers.

[0568] Therefore, when m tool wear state values ​​X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm are correlated with n output material measurement values ​​Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn, the correlation data generator 1160 can be configured to generate a set of correlation data 1170 by performing the following correlations: the received tool wear state vector X(t) and the received corresponding output vector Y(t), where X(t) is an m×1 vector and m is a positive integer, and Y(t) is an n×1 vector and n is a positive integer.

[0569] Therefore, in this case, the correlation data generator 1160 can be configured to perform regression analysis to identify more complex linear combinations (i.e., more complex than lines in two-dimensional space) of the best-fitting data according to specific mathematical criteria. For example, the correlation data generator 1160 can perform ordinary least squares applied to multiple receive vectors X(t) of dimension m and multiple receive-corresponding output vectors Y(t) of dimension n to compute a unique hyperplane that minimizes the sum of squared differences between the received data and the hyperplane.

[0570] Therefore, when a vector X(t) of dimension m and multiple corresponding output vectors Y(t) of dimension n are received, the correlation data generator 1160 is configured to generate a multidimensional correlation dataset 1170. According to one example, the multidimensional correlation dataset 1170 can be transmitted as data 1170 indicating the aforementioned hyperplane. Alternatively, the multidimensional correlation dataset 1170 can be transmitted as data 1170 indicating the coefficient matrix C, as discussed above with respect to Equation 7.

[0571] According to one example, the correlation data generator 1160 can be configured to include Kalman filtering, also known as linear quadratic estimation (LQE), when generating the correlation dataset 1170.

[0572] This solution is advantageously capable of identifying and / or determining the causal relationship between the tool wear state X of the shearing process and at least one output material measurement Y.

[0573] Furthermore, this solution advantageously identifies and / or determines the causal relationship between the tool wear state X of the shearing process and the output material state Y. The output material state Y can also be referred to as the output material condition Y.

[0574] This solution is general because it allows for the definition of the output material state limit Y. LIMIT It also allows testing of the wear condition of alternative tools during the shearing process, also known as the operating point X. OP To search and identify the tool wear status X during the shearing process. BEP This state leads to or produces the output material state limit Y. LIMIT This could lead to or produce a state limit Y that is as close as possible to the output material limit. LIMIT The output material state is Y. This tool wear state can be called the optimal operating point (BEP). The parameter values ​​at BEP can be collectively referred to as the tool wear state BEP vector X. BEP .

[0575] In addition, the detected instantaneous shearing process tool wear state X(r) associated with the corresponding instantaneous output material state Y(r) generates correlation data indicating the correlation between the following: instantaneous shearing process tool wear state X(r) and the corresponding instantaneous output material state Y(r).

[0576] By repeatedly recording multiple distinct detected instantaneous shearing process tool wear states X(r), and correlating them with the instantaneous output material states Y(r) caused by the corresponding instantaneous shearing process tool wear states X(r), a correlation dataset can be generated, where r is a numerical variable indicating the number of different time points. Such a correlation dataset indicates the correlation between multiple instantaneous shearing process tool wear states X(r) and multiple corresponding instantaneous output material states Y(r).

[0577] The machine operation characteristic curve or BMOC curve of machine 10 is a graphical plot showing the median size (Y2) of the output material 95 generated by the machine under different tool wear conditions (X).

[0578] The BMOC curve can be created by plotting the tool wear state values ​​(X1, X2) and the median dimension (Y2) of the output material 95 corresponding to the tool wear state values.

[0579] Including operating points or X-rays for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces. OP The machine of tool 20 or TOP is a specific point within the operating characteristics of a machine that includes tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces. It has been found that when the tool wear state values ​​(X1, X2) are within a specific range of a specific machine including tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces, the operating point (X... OP The TOP (top) may result in the desired output material size distribution (Y). In the context of this document, the term Machine Operating Area (MOA) can be used to describe a specific range of such tool wear state values ​​(X1, X2).

[0580] The machine operating characteristic curve or MOC curve of a machine including tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces is a graphical curve that shows the output material size distribution (Y) of the output material 95 generated by the machine including tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces when at least one of the tool wear state values ​​(X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6) changes. Therefore, for example, when the tool rotation speed (f... ROT When kept constant, an MOC curve is created by plotting the output material size distribution (Y) relative to the tool wear state value.

[0581] Referring again to Figure 34, the tool wear condition limit value generator 150c2 can be configured to output the material limit value Y using the received correlation data 1170. LIMIT Transformed into the corresponding tool wear state limit value X LIMIT Output material limit value Y LIMIT This is related to the threshold of acceptable output material. Correlation data 1170 and machine operating parameters can allow for the tool wear condition limit value X. LIMIT Or output the material limit value Y LIMIT Define another one.

[0582] Operate machines using correlation data.

[0583] Referring to Figure 34, operator 230 in control room 220 is responsible for operating machine 10. Operator can operate machine 10 using regulator 1190. Regulator 1190 is coupled to user interface 210, 210B, also known as human-machine interface (HCI) 210B, as shown in Figure 34.

[0584] The exemplary control room 220 shown in Figure 34 includes a tool wear condition control system 1200, which includes a tool wear condition limit value generator 150c2 and user interfaces 210, 210B and regulators 755C, 240C.

[0585] The tool wear condition control system 1200 can be configured to perform the following steps: (Step S3000:) The user interface 210 communicates information requesting the operator to provide an indication of the material condition limit Y. LIMIT User input. As discussed above, the output material state limit Y is indicated. LIMIT User input can indicate at least one threshold value for the desired output material measurement, such as Y1 and / or Y2. For example, user input can indicate the median size limit Y2 of the output material. LIMIT And / or output material size distribution limit Y3 LIMIT Y4 LIMIT Or the output material limit Y1 per unit time LIMIT .

[0586] The request S3000 can be generated by the software included in the regulator 755C, or by the software included in the regulator 240C, or by the tool wear condition limit value generator 150c2.

[0587] The tool wear condition control system 1200 can also be configured to: (step S3005:) for example, receive an indication output material condition limit Y via user interface 210. LIMIT And / or output the median dimensional limit Y2 of the material. LIMIT And / or output data for material size distributions Y2, Y3, and Y4.

[0588] Furthermore, the tool wear condition control system 1200 can be configured to perform a method including the following steps: S3010: generating a tool wear condition limit value (X1) based on the following items. LIMIT ;FI LIMIT ): Indicates the output material state limit value Y LIMIT and / or output the median dimensional limit of the material (Y2) LIMIT ) and / or output the median size distribution limit Y2 of the material LIMIT Y3 LIMIT Y4 LIMIT The data, and the correlation dataset (1170); the correlation dataset (1170) indicates the causal relationship between the following: specific tool wear state values ​​(X1, X2, X3...), and the corresponding specific output material median size (Y2), with respect to tool rotation speed (U1, f...). ROT ); and / or indicate the causal relationship between the following: specific tool wear condition limit value X LIMITAnd the corresponding specific output material state limit value Y LIMIT .

[0589] The corresponding specific output material state limit Y LIMIT It can include the output material size distribution (Y2, Y3, Y4).

[0590] Step S3010 may involve transmitting the received data from the user interface 210 to the tool wear condition limit value generator 150c2 (see Figures 34 and / or 35 and / or 39).

[0591] The tool wear condition limit value generator 150c2 is configured to output the material condition limit Y. LIMIT The relevant data is transformed into indicators of the corresponding tool wear condition limit X. LIMIT The data and / or indications correspond to the tool wear condition limit value X1 LIMIT (r), FI LIMIT The data for (r) are as discussed above.

[0592] Referring to Figure 34 and in conjunction with Figure 35, the tool wear condition control system 1200 can also be configured as follows: S3020: The user interface (210, 210S, 240, 250) conveys the indication of the corresponding tool wear condition limit X. LIMIT Information and / or indication of the corresponding tool wear condition limit value X1 LIMIT (r), FI LIMIT (r), and S3020: enables the user interface (210, 210S, 240, 250) to convey information indicating the actual tool wear status value (X1, X2, X3…) such as information received from the monitoring module 150A, S3020: receives information related to the raw material feed rate (U2, R) via the user interface (210, 210S, 240, 250). S The first user input related to this; S3020: Generate raw material feed rate setpoint value (U2) SP R SSP This affects the tool wear state (X), thereby controlling or influencing the output material state limit Y. LIMIT Output material median dimension (Y2); where the generated raw material feed rate setpoint value (U2) SP R SSP Based on the first user input received.

[0593] A system for monitoring and providing operators with improved shearing process information.

[0594] Figure 39 is a block diagram of a system 1130 for monitoring the tool wear condition X of a tool and providing improved information content to the operator 230 of machine 10.

[0595] System 1130 includes machine 10, as discussed above in conjunction with Figure 34. In Figure 39, system 1130 is shown as a block diagram. This system includes a machine comprising tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping the raw material workpieces, as shown in block 10, receiving multiple inputs U1, ..., Uk, and generating multiple outputs Y1, ..., Yn. Thus, in terms of signal processing and analysis, machine 10 receives an input vector U and generates an output vector Y in a manner discussed elsewhere in this document. System 1130 of Figure 39 may include parts and be configured as described above with respect to Figure 1A and / or as described in any other example described in this disclosure, such as those described with respect to Figures 1 through 34.

[0596] System 1130B includes a monitoring module 150A and / or a correlation module 150C, as shown in FIG39. As described above, during operation of machine 10, the correlation module 150C can be operated to generate a correlation dataset 1170, and / or the correlation module 150C can be operated to correlate the output material state limit Y. LIMIT The relevant data is transformed into indicators of the corresponding tool wear condition limit X. LIMIT The data transformation steps are based on the correlation dataset 1170 related to the machine 10 being operated on.

[0597] The system 1130 shown in Figure 39 includes a tool wear condition control system 1200, which includes a tool wear condition limit value generator 150c2, user interfaces 210, 210B, and a regulator 240C.

[0598] The tool wear condition control system 1200 can be configured to perform the following steps: (Step S3000:) The user interface 210 communicates information requesting the operator to provide an indication of the material condition limit Y. LIMIT User input. As discussed above, the output material state limit Y is indicated. LIMIT User input can indicate at least one desired output material measurement, such as Y1 and / or Y2. For example, user input can indicate the median dimensional limit Y2 of the output material. LIMIT and / or output material size distribution Y3 LIMIT Y4 LIMIT Or the output material limit Y1 per unit time LIMIT .

[0599] The request S3000 can be generated by the software included in the regulator 240C.

[0600] The tool wear condition control system 1200 can also be configured to: (step S3005:) for example, receive an indication output material condition limit Y via user interface 210. LIMIT And / or output the median dimension Y2 of the material.LIMIT And / or output data for material size distributions Y2, Y3, and Y4.

[0601] Furthermore, the tool wear condition control system 1200 can be configured to perform a method including the following steps: S3010: generating the corresponding tool wear condition limit X LIMIT (Also known as the tool wear state constraint vector X) LIMIT ), which may include tool wear condition limit values ​​(X1) LIMIT ;FI LIMIT Tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT The output material state limit Y can be based on the indication. LIMIT and / or output the median dimensional limit of the material (Y2) LIMIT ) and / or output material size distribution limit Y2 LIMIT Y3 LIMIT Y4 LIMIT The data, and the correlation dataset (1170); the correlation dataset (1170) indicates the causal relationship between the following: a specific tool wear state limit X LIMIT And the corresponding specific output material state limit Y LIMIT .

[0602] The corresponding output material state limit Y LIMIT This may include the output material size distribution (Y2, Y3, Y4) and / or the output material discharge rate Y1. LIMIT .

[0603] Step S3010 may involve receiving the data (i.e., indicating the output material state limit Y) LIMIT The data is transmitted from the user interface 210 to the correlation module 150C (see Figure 39).

[0604] The correlation module 150C may include a tool wear condition limit value generator 150c2, which is configured to correlate the output material condition limit Y with the tool wear condition limit value generator. LIMIT The relevant data is transformed into an indication of the corresponding tool wear condition limit X1. LIMIT (r) data and / or indications corresponding tool wear condition limit value X1 LIMIT (r), FI LIMIT The data for (r) are as discussed above.

[0605] Referring to Figure 39 in conjunction with Figure 35, the tool wear condition control system 1200 can also be configured as follows: S3020: The user interface (210, 210S, 240, 250) conveys the indication of the corresponding tool wear condition limit X. LIMIT Information and / or indication of the corresponding tool wear condition limit value X1LIMIT (r), FI LIMIT (r) data, and S3020: enabling the user interface (210, 210S, 240, 250) to convey the actual tool wear status value (X1, X2, X3…) for example, information received from the monitoring module 150A, S3020: receiving the raw material feed rate (U2, R) via the user interface (210, 210S, 240, 250). S The first user input related to this; S3020: Generate raw material feed rate setpoint value (U2) SP R SSP This affects the tool wear state (X), thereby controlling or influencing the output material state limit Y. LIMIT Output material median dimension (Y2); where the generated raw material feed rate setpoint value (U2) SP R SSP Based on the first user input received.

[0606] Systems for monitoring machine products and providing improved process control.

[0607] Figure 40 is a block diagram of a system 1130B for monitoring tool wear condition X of machine 10 and implementing improved control of shearing and / or forming processes occurring in machine 10. System 1130B may include some or all of the features discussed in conjunction with Figure 39. Therefore, system 1130B may include some or all of the features of system 1130 of Figure 39.

[0608] System 1130B includes a correlation module 150C, as shown in Figure 39, and system 1130B may also include a monitoring module 150A.

[0609] As described above, during the operation of machine 10, the correlation module 150C can be operated to generate a correlation dataset 1170, and / or the correlation module 150C can be operated to correlate the output material state limit Y. LIMIT The relevant data is transformed into indicators of the corresponding tool wear condition limit X. LIMIT The data transformation steps are based on the correlation dataset 1170 related to the machine 10 being operated on.

[0610] The system 1130 shown in Figure 39 includes a tool wear condition control system 1200, which includes a tool wear condition limit value generator 150c2, user interfaces 210, 210B, and a regulator 240C.

[0611] System 1130B can be configured to perform the following steps: (Step S3000:) cause user interface 210 to communicate information requesting the operator to provide an indication of the output material state limit Y. LIMITUser input. As discussed above, the output material state limit Y is indicated. LIMIT User input can indicate at least one output material measurement value, such as Y1 and / or Y2. For example, user input can indicate the median dimensional limit Y2 of the output material. LIMIT And / or output material size distribution limit Y3 LIMIT Y4 LIMIT Or the limit of output material quantity Y1 per unit time LIMIT .

[0612] The request S3000 may be generated by software included in control module 150B, software included in correlation module 150C, or by tool wear condition control system 1200.

[0613] System 1130B can also be configured to: (step S3005:) for example, receive an instruction to output the material state limit Y via user interface 210. LIMIT And / or output the median dimension Y2 of the material. LIMIT And / or output data for material size distributions Y2, Y3, and Y4.

[0614] Furthermore, system 1130B can be configured to perform a method including the following steps: S3010: generating the corresponding tool wear state limit X LIMIT (Also known as the tool wear state constraint vector X) LIMIT ), which may include tool wear condition limit values ​​(X1) LIMIT ;FI LIMIT Tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT The output material state limit Y can be based on the indication. LIMIT and / or output the median dimensional limit of the material (Y2) LIMIT ) and / or output material size distribution limit Y2 LIMIT Y3 LIMIT Y4 LIMIT The data, and the correlation dataset (1170); the correlation dataset (1170) indicates the causal relationship between the following: a specific tool wear state limit X LIMIT And the corresponding specific output material state limit Y LIMIT .

[0615] The corresponding output material state limit Y LIMIT This may include the output material size distribution (Y2, Y3, Y4) and / or the output material discharge rate limit Y1. LIMIT .

[0616] Step S3005 may involve processing the received data (i.e., the data indicating the output material state limit Y) LIMITThe data is transmitted from the user interface 210 to the correlation module 150C (see Figure 40).

[0617] The correlation module 150C may include a tool wear condition limit value generator 150c2, which is configured to correlate the output material condition limit Y with the tool wear condition limit value generator. LIMIT The relevant data is transformed into an indication of the corresponding tool wear condition limit X1. LIMIT (r) data and / or indications corresponding tool wear condition limit value X1 LIMIT (r), FI LIMIT The data for (r) are as discussed above.

[0618] Furthermore, system 1130B can be configured to perform a method comprising the following steps: controlling the output of material state (Y) via regulators 755C and 755 based on the following: including at least one tool wear state limit value (X1) in the tool wear state limit vector XLIMIT. LIMIT ;FI LIMIT At least one tool wear state value (X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7) or tool wear state vector (X), including at least one tool wear state value indicating the current tool wear state (X) of the shearing process, and at least one tool wear state error value (X1). ERR X2 ERR X3 ERR X4 ERR X5 ERR X6 ERR X7 ERR or tool wear state error vector X ERR This includes at least one tool wear condition error value, wherein at least one tool wear condition error value (X1) ERR X2 ERR X3 ERR X4 ERR X5 ERR X6 ERR X7 ERR ) depends on at least one tool wear condition limit value (X1) LIMIT ;FI LIMIT ), and at least one tool wear status value (X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7).

[0619] Furthermore, system 1130B can be configured to perform a method including the following steps: controlling the output of material state (Y) via regulators 755C and 755 based on the following: tool wear state limit vector X indicating the current tool wear state of the shearing process. LIMITThe tool wear state limit vector (X) indicating the current tool wear state (X) of the shearing process, and the tool wear state error vector X. ERR It includes at least one tool wear condition error value, wherein the tool wear condition error vector X ERR Depends on the tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT , and the tool wear state vector (X).

[0620] Furthermore, system 1130B can be configured to perform a method including the following steps: receiving data via user interface (210, 210S, 240, 250) and the raw material feed rate (U2, R). S The first user input related to the raw material feed rate setpoint value (U2) is used to generate the raw material feed rate setpoint value. SP R SSP ); among which, the generated indicator raw material feed rate setpoint value (U2) SP R SSP The data is based on the first user input received.

[0621] Various examples are shown below, starting with Example 1.

[0622] In some examples, system 1130B can be configured to perform a method including the following steps: receiving first user input related to the replacement tool 20 or its parts via a user interface (210, 210S, 240, 250); performing a tool replacement action; and a recovery operation.

[0623] Example 1 relates to a system 5 for shearing material, the system comprising: a machine (10) including a tool (20) that rotates at a speed of (f) ROT The tool (20) is rotated about an axis (60) for shearing raw material workpieces; wherein the tool (20) has at least one tool edge (310) configured to engage the raw material workpiece (30); and a vibration sensor (70) is configured to respond to mechanical vibrations (V) originating from the rotation of the tool (20). IMP Generate analog measurement signals (S) EA ); a position sensor (170) configured to generate a position signal indicating the rotational position of a rotating tool; and a signal recorder adapted to record digital measurement data signals (S MD S ENV S MDThe time series of measured sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)) and the time series of position signal values ​​(P(i)) and the time information (i, dt;j) are such that a single measured data value (S(j)) is associated with data indicating the time of occurrence of a single measured data value (S(j)) and a single position signal value (P(i)) is associated with data indicating the time of occurrence of a single position signal value (P(i)); a signal processor is adapted to detect the occurrence of amplitude peaks in the time series of recorded measured sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)); the signal processor is adapted to generate data indicating the duration of time between the occurrence of position signal values ​​and the occurrence of amplitude peaks.

[0624] 2. According to the system of Example 1, the signal processor is configured to generate a tool state dataset, the tool state data set indicating the tool wear state of the tool; the tool state dataset includes amplitude peaks and time durations.

[0625] 3. In the system according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the tool state dataset indicates the rotational speed (f) of the rotating tool. ROT ).

[0626] 4. The system according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the rotary tool 20 includes at least four tool edges 310.

[0627] Example 5 relates to a tool edge monitoring system for generating and displaying information related to the tool wear status in a shearing process in a machine (10) having a tool (20) that rotates at a speed of (f ROT The tool edge monitoring system includes a state parameter extractor (450) configured to generate a first tool wear state indication data structure (550, S) that rotates about an axis (60) for shearing raw material workpieces (30). P1 T D1 ), indicating the tool wear state during the shearing process, the first tool wear state indicator data structure (550, S P1 T D1 This includes the first impact force indication value (S). P1 ) and the first time indication value (T) D1 ); First impact force indication value (S) P1 ), indicating the impact force (F) generated when the cutting edge (310) of the rotating tool (20) interacts with the raw material workpiece (30). IMP ), and the first time indication value (T) D1 ), indicating impact force (F) IMP The time duration (T) between the occurrence of the rotational reference position of the rotating tool and the occurrence of the rotational reference position. D1 ).

[0628] 6. According to the tool edge monitoring system of Example 5, wherein the state parameter extractor (450) is further configured to generate

[0629] Second tool wear condition indication data structure (S P2 T D2 The second tool wear state indicator data structure (550, S) indicates the tool wear state during the shearing process. P1 T D1 This includes the second impact force indication value (S). P2 ) and second time indication value (T) D2 )

[0630] Second impact force indication value (S) P2 ), indicating the impact force (F) generated when the tool edge (310) on the rotating tool (20) interacts with the raw material workpiece (30). IMP ),as well as

[0631] Second time indication value (T) D2 ), indicating impact force (F) IMP The time duration (T) between the occurrence of the rotational reference position of the rotating tool and the occurrence of the rotational reference position. D1 ); where the first tool wear status indication data structure (S P1 T D1 The second tool wear state indicates the tool wear state of the shearing process at the first time point, and the second tool wear state indicates the data structure (S) P2 T D2 This indicates the tool wear status during the shearing process at the second time point.

[0632] 7. According to the tool edge monitoring system of Example 6, wherein the first tool wear condition indication data structure (S P1 T D1 ) and the second tool wear condition indication data structure (S P2 T D2 Combined with the time progression of tool wear status indicating the shearing process.

[0633] 8. A tool edge monitoring system according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the state parameter extractor (450) includes: a tool speed detector (500), configured to generate an indication of tool rotation speed (f) based on a digital position signal (P(i)). ROT The tool speed detector (500) is configured to indicate the tool rotation speed (f) based on the value of (j). ROT The value of (i) is associated with time point (i).

[0634] 9. A tool edge monitoring system according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the tool speed detector (500) is configured to transmit a first impact force indication value (S) P1 S(i)) and the rotational speed of the indicating tool (f) ROT The value of (j) is related to the value of (j).

[0635] 10. A tool edge monitoring system according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the state parameter extractor (450) is configured to maintain a synchronous time relationship between the following: a first impact force indication value (S P1 S(i); S(j)), and the rotational speed of the indicator tool (f) ROT (i); f ROT The value of (j)).

[0636] Example 11: In a tool edge monitoring system (5), the tool edge monitoring system is used to generate and display information related to the shearing process in a machine (10) having a tool that rotates at a speed of f ROT A computer-implemented method for displaying tool wear status on a screen display during a shearing process includes: displaying a polar coordinate system on the screen display having a reference point (O) and a reference direction (0, 360); and a first tool wear status indicator (S). The tool (20) is rotated about an axis (60) to shear raw material (30), wherein the tool (20) has at least one tool edge (310) configured to engage material as the tool rotates about the axis (60). P1 T D1 ), indicating the tool wear state during the shearing process, located at the first radius (S) from the reference point (O). P1 At position (0, 360), and located at the first polar angle (T) relative to the reference direction (0, 360). D1 At point ), the first radius (S) P1 ), indicating the impact force (F) generated when the cutting edge (310) of the rotating tool interacts with the raw material workpiece (30). IMP ), and the first polar angle (T) D1 ), indicating impact force (F) IMP The time duration (T) between the occurrence of the rotational reference position of the rotating tool and the occurrence of the rotational reference position. D1 ).

[0637] 12. The method according to Example 11, wherein the method further includes: displaying a second internal indicator object (S) on a screen display. P2 T D2 ), located at the second radius (S) from the reference point (O) P2 It is located at (0, 360) and at the second polar angle (T) relative to the reference direction (0, 360). D1At point ), the second radius (S) P2 ), indicating the impact force (S) generated when the cutting edge (310) of the rotating tool (20) interacts with the raw material workpiece (30). P ;F IMP ), and the second polar angle (T) D1 ), indicating impact force (F) IMP The time duration (T) between the occurrence of the rotational reference position of the rotating tool and the occurrence of the rotational reference position. D1 ); where the first internal indicator object (S) P1 T D1 The second internal indicator (S) indicates the tool wear status of the shearing process at the first time point. P1 T D1 This indicates the tool wear status during the shearing process at the second time point.

[0638] 13. According to the method of Example 12, wherein a first tool wear status point (S) is simultaneously displayed on the screen display. P1 T D1 ) and second tool wear condition point (S) P1 T D1 (This refers to the temporal and / or spatial progression of tool wear during the shearing process.)

[0639] Example 14 relates to a tool edge monitoring system for generating and displaying information related to the tool wear state in a shearing process in a machine (10) having a tool that rotates at a speed of f ROT The tool edge monitoring system includes: a state parameter extractor (450) for rotating about an axis (60) to shear raw material workpieces (30), and a first tool wear state indication data structure (550, S) for generating a first tool wear state indication data structure. P1 T D1 ), indicating the tool wear state during the shearing process, the first tool wear state indicator data structure (550, S P1 T D1 This includes the first impact force indication value (S). P1 ) and first time indication value (P; T) D1 ); First impact force indication value (S) P1 ), indicating the impact force (F) generated when the cutting edge (310) of the rotating tool (20) interacts with the raw material workpiece (30). IMP ), and the first time indication value (T) D1 ), indicating impact force (F) IMP The time duration (T) between the occurrence of the rotational reference position of the rotating tool and the occurrence of the rotational reference position. D1The state parameter extractor (450) includes a tool speed detector (500) configured to generate an indication of tool rotation speed (f) based on a digital position signal (P(i)). ROT The tool speed detector (500) is configured to indicate the tool rotation speed (f) based on the value of (j). ROT The value of (i) is associated with time point (i).

[0640] 15. A tool edge monitoring system according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the tool speed detector (500) is configured to transmit a first impact force indication value (S) P1 S(j)) and the rotational speed of the indicating tool (f) ROT The value of (j) is associated with the rotational speed (f) ROT (j) indicates the impact force (F) IMP The tool rotation speed (f) at the time point (j) where the event occurs ROT (j)).

[0641] 16. A tool edge monitoring system according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate a time process of vibration signal value (S(i)) and a time process of rotational reference position signal; the state parameter extractor (450) further includes: a velocity change compensation extractor (470); the extractor (470) is configured to generate a time process of vibration signal value (S(i)) and a rotational reference position signal; the state parameter extractor (450) further includes: a velocity change compensation extractor (470); the extractor (470) is configured to generate a time process of vibration signal value (S(i)) and rotational reference position signal (S(i)); ... ROT (j) to extract vibration signal values ​​(S(i); S MD The time process of ) is used to generate vibration signal values ​​(R(q); S) P The extracted vibration signal (S) of the extracted time process (r) MDR ).

[0642] 17. A tool edge monitoring system according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the state parameter extractor (450) further includes: a fast Fourier transform (510) configured to base the extracted vibration signal (S) on the surface of the tool edge. MDR To generate the first impact force indication value (S) P1 ) and the first time indication value (T) D1 ).

[0643] 18. The system according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the raw materials (30) include at least one of the following: - wood, - polymer, and - metal.

[0644] 19. The system according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the machine (10) operates to perform cutting.

[0645] 20. The system according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the machine (10) operates to cut the raw material 30 of a hard material into powder output material 95.

[0646] Example 21 relates to a method for generating information related to the tool wear state of a machine (10) having a tool (20) that rotates at a speed of f ROT The tool (20) is rotated about an axis (60) to cut raw material (30); the tool (20) has a first number (L) of tool edges (310) configured to engage material when the tool (20) rotates about an axis (60), the method comprising: generating a position signal (E, P, P(i), P(j), P(q)) indicating the rotational position of the rotating tool (20), the position signal comprising a time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); detecting the first occurrence of a first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) in the time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); detecting the second occurrence of a second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%) in the time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); and based on the mechanical vibration (V) from the rotation of the tool. IMP ) Generate vibration signal (S EA Se(i), S(j), S(q)); vibration signal (S EA The time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)) is included; the event signature (S) in the time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)) is detected. P (r); S P The third occurrence of ); generating the first tool wear state value (X1, R) indicating the following items. T (r); T D The data for FI(r) includes: the third occurrence, i.e., the occurrence of the event signature, as well as the first and second occurrences.

[0647] 22. According to any of the methods in the preceding examples, wherein: the first tool wear state value (X1, R) T (r); T D ;FI(r)) indicates the ratio of the distance between two adjacent tool edges (310).

[0648] 23. The method according to any of the preceding examples, wherein: the first tool wear condition value (X1) indicates the average wear condition of the tool edge (310) of the tool (20).

[0649] 24. The method according to any of the preceding examples, wherein: the event signature indicates the impact force (F) generated when the tool edge (310) on the rotary tool (20) interacts with the raw material workpiece (30). IMP ).

[0650] 25. The method according to any of the foregoing examples further includes: generating a first tool wear state value (X1, R... T (r); T D ;FI(r)) is the phase angle (FI(r)); where the phase angle (FI(r)) indicates the position where the tool edge (310) of the tool (20) interacts with the raw material workpiece (30).

[0651] 26. The method according to any of the foregoing examples further includes: generating an event signature as an amplitude value (S) in the time domain and / or frequency domain. P (r); S p ;|C L (r)|;|C1(r)|).

[0652] 27. According to any of the methods in the preceding examples, wherein: the first tool wear state value (X1, R) T (r); T D ;FI(r) is generated by Fourier transform.

[0653] 28. The method according to any of the foregoing examples further includes: counting the total number of samples from the first occurrence to the second occurrence (N). B ), and count the number of another sample (N) from the first occurrence to the third occurrence. P ), and generate the first tool wear state value (X1, R) based on another quantity and total number. T (r); T D ;FI(r)).

[0654] 29. The method according to any of the foregoing examples further includes: counting the total number of samples from the first occurrence to the second occurrence (N). B ), and count the number of another sample (N) from the first occurrence to the third occurrence. P ), and generate the first tool wear state value (X1, R) based on the relationship between another quantity and the total number. T (r); T D ;FI(r)).

[0655] 30. According to the method of Example 29, wherein: the relationship between another quantity and the total quantity indicates the position of the tool cutting edge (310) that engages the raw material workpiece (30).

[0656] 31. According to the method of Example 29 or 30, wherein: the relationship between another quantity and the total indicates the position of the tool cutting edge (310) of the engagement raw material workpiece (30) as a part of the rotation.

[0657] 32. The method according to any of the preceding examples further includes: the rotation tool (20) generates a reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) at least once per revolution.

[0658] 33. According to the method of Example 32, it further includes: the rotation tool (20) generates a second number of reference position signal values ​​(1; 1C, 0%) for each revolution; the second number is equal to the first number (L).

[0659] 34. According to the method of Example 32, it further includes: the rotation tool (20) generates a second number of reference position signal values ​​(1; 1C, 0%) for each revolution; the second number is less than the first number (L).

[0660] 35. The method according to any of the preceding examples further includes: generating a reference position signal value (PS; 1; 1C, 0%) based on the detection of the rotation position mark (180), wherein the rotation of the rotation position mark (180) indicates the rotation of the rotation tool (20).

[0661] 36. According to the method of Example 32, wherein, based on the detection of the rotation position mark (180), the rotation tool (20) generates at least one reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) for each revolution, wherein the rotation of the rotation position mark (180) indicates the rotation of the rotation tool (20).

[0662] 37. According to the method of Example 36, at least one of the following: a first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) and a second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%) are generated by calculation based on a first quantity (L).

[0663] 38. According to the method of Example 36, wherein at least one of the following: a first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) and a second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%) are generated at the angular position; wherein a full rotation of the tool is virtually or mathematically divided into a third number of mutually equal parts.

[0664] 39. According to the method of Example 38, the third quantity is equal to the first quantity; and the equal portions correspond to the equal distances of the first quantity between the tool edges (310).

[0665] 40. The method according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the tool edges (310) are substantially equidistant from each other.

[0666] 41. The method according to any of the foregoing examples further includes: recording a time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)); and detecting the occurrence of an event signature in the recorded time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)).

[0667] 42. The method according to any of the preceding examples, wherein: the event signature is the amplitude peak, and / or average amplitude, and / or the ratio between the amplitude peak and the average amplitude.

[0668] 43. The method according to any of the foregoing examples further includes: associating a single vibration sample value (Se(i), S(j), S(q)) with a single position signal sample value (P(i), P(j), P(q)).

[0669] 44. The method according to any of the foregoing examples further includes: based on a second time relationship (R) between the following items. T (r); T D ;FI(r)) is used to generate the instantaneous rotational speed value (f) ROT The data includes: the first occurrence of the first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) and the second occurrence of the second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%); and the instantaneous rotational speed value (f). ROT ), indicating rotational speed (f ROT ).

[0670] 45. The method according to any of the foregoing examples further includes: recording a time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)) in a memory; and recording a time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)) in a memory; wherein the step of detecting the occurrence of the reference position signal value (1; 1C) includes: detecting the occurrence of the reference position signal value (1; 1C) in the time series of the recorded position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)).

[0671] 46. ​​According to any of the methods in the preceding examples, wherein: the first tool wear state value (X1, R) T (r); T D ;FI(r)) indicates the first tool wear condition of the machine (10), which includes tools (5) for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces (30).

[0672] 47. According to any of the methods in the preceding examples, wherein: the first tool wear state value (X1, R) T (r); T D;FI(r) indicates the first tool wear condition of a machine that includes tools for shearing raw material workpieces and / or shaping raw material workpieces.

[0673] 49. The method according to any of the preceding examples, wherein: the event signature is the amplitude peak, and / or average amplitude, and / or the ratio between the amplitude peak and the average amplitude.

[0674] 50. According to any of the methods in the preceding examples, where: rotational speed (f) ROT ) is a variable rotational speed (f) ROT ).

[0675] Example 51 relates to a system for shearing material, the system comprising: a machine (10) having a tool (20) that rotates at a speed of (f) ROT The tool rotates about an axis (60) for shearing raw material (30); wherein the tool has a first number (L) of tool edges (310) configured to engage the raw material, the tool edges being arranged at equal intervals around the periphery of the tool; the first number (L) is at least two; a vibration sensor (70) is configured to respond to mechanical vibrations (V) from the tool edges (310) engaging the raw material (30). IMP Generate analog measurement signals (S) EA ); a position sensor (170) configured to generate a position signal indicating the rotational position of a rotating tool; and a signal recorder adapted to record digital measurement data signals (S MD S ENV S MD The time series of measured sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)) and the time series of position signal values ​​(P(i)) and the time information (i, dt;j) associate a single measured data value (S(j)) with data indicating the time of occurrence of a single measured data value (S(j)) and associate a single position signal value (P(i)) with data indicating the time of occurrence of a single position signal value (P(i)); a signal processor adapted to detect the occurrence of amplitude peaks in the time series of recorded measured sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)); the signal processor adapted to generate a second number of reference position signals per revolution of the tool, the second number of reference position signals being generated based on position signals at equal angular distances; the second number being equal to the first number; and data indicating the duration of time between the occurrence of reference position signal values ​​and the occurrence of amplitude peaks.

[0676] Example 52 relates to a system for monitoring the tool wear condition of a machine (10) having a tool (20) that rotates at a speed of (f) ROTThe tool (20) rotates about an axis (60) for shearing raw material (30); the tool (20) has a tool edge attachment device (22) including a first number (L) of tool edges (310) configured to engage material as the tool (20) rotates about an axis (60), the system including: means (170, 180) for generating a position signal (E) indicating the rotational position of the rotating tool (20). P The location signal includes a time series of location signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); the sensor (70, 70) SUP 70 TOOL ,330), is configured to respond to mechanical vibrations (V) from the rotation of the tool. IMP ) Generate vibration signal (S EA S MD Se(i), S(j), S(q)); vibration signal (S EA The system includes a time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)); a state parameter extractor (450) is configured to detect the first occurrence of a first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) in the time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); the state parameter extractor (450) is configured to detect the second occurrence of a second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%) in the time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); and the state parameter extractor (450) is configured to detect an event signature (S) in the time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)). P (r); S P The third occurrence of ); the state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate an indicator value for the first tool wear state (X1, R) T (r); T D The data generated includes a determined vibration amplitude value corresponding to the rotational position of at least one tool edge (310) of the engaging raw material (30), and wherein the determined amplitude and rotational position set are based on a vibration signal (S). EA Se(i), S(j), S(q)) and position signal (E) P ,P(i), P(j), P(q)).

[0677] 53. The system according to Example 52, wherein the machine (10) is arranged to generate an indication of a first tool wear state value (X1, R). T (r); T D ;FI(r)) at the first tool wear condition limit value (X1) LIMITWhen not in use, perform at least one of the following: - stop the process, - initialize the replacement of the tool (20), tool edge (310) and / or its parts, - execute an automatic process to replace the tool (20), tool edge (310) and / or its parts, - adjust the operating mode of the machine (10), and / or - generate visual and / or sound signals for the operator at the machine (10) based on the tool wear condition of the tool (20).

[0678] 54. The system according to Example 52 or 53, wherein the regulator is configured to adjust according to a first tool wear state value (X1, R... T (r); T D ;FI(r)) is used to control the raw material feed rate setpoint (R) S S P ), and among them, the raw material feed rate (R S ) depends on the raw material feed rate setpoint (R) S S P ), raw material feed rate (R S ) is the amount of raw materials supplied to the machine (10) per unit time.

[0679] 55. A system according to Examples 52, 53, or 54, wherein the regulator is configured to adjust according to a first tool wear state value (X1, R... T (r); T D ;FI(r)) is used to control the rotational speed setpoint (f) ROT_SP ), and among them, the rotational speed (f) ROT ) depends on the rotational speed setpoint (f) ROT_SP ).

[0680] 56. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the first tool wear state value (X1, R) T (r); T D ;FI(r)) indicates the ratio of the distance between two adjacent tool edges (310).

[0681] 57. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the first tool wear state value (X1, R) T (r); T D ;FI(r)) indicates the position of the tool edge (310) that engages the raw material (30).

[0682] 58. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the event signature indicates the impact force (F) generated when the cutting edge (310) of the rotary tool (20) interacts with the raw material workpiece (30). IMP ).

[0683] 59. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate a first tool wear state value (X1, R). T (r); T D ;FI(r)) is the phase angle (FI(r)).

[0684] 60. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate an event signature as the amplitude peak (S P (r); Sp; |C L (r)|;|C1(r)|), and / or the average amplitude, and / or the ratio between the peak amplitude and the average amplitude.

[0685] 61. A system according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the state parameter extractor (450) includes a Fourier transform configured to generate a first tool wear state value (X1, R... T (r); T D ;FI(r)), the first tool wear condition value includes the frequency amplitude value of at least one frequency range.

[0686] 62. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the state parameter extractor (450) is configured to count the total number of samples (N) from the first occurrence to the second occurrence. B ), and the state parameter extractor (450) is configured to count the number of another sample (N) from the first occurrence to the third occurrence. P ), and the state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate a first tool wear state value (X1, R) based on another quantity and total number. T (r); T D ;FI(r)).

[0687] 63. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the state parameter extractor (450) is configured to count the total number of samples (N) from the first occurrence to the second occurrence. B ), and the state parameter extractor (450) is configured to count the number of another sample (N) from the first occurrence to the third occurrence. P ), and the state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate a first tool wear state value (R) based on the relationship between another quantity and the total. T (r); T D ;FI(r)), where: another quantity and total quantity relationship indicates the interaction between the cutting edge (310) of the rotating tool (20) and the raw material workpiece (30).

[0688] Example 64 relates to a method for determining and visualizing the tool wear state in a machine (10) having a tool (20) that rotates at a speed of f ROT The rotatable tool (20) rotates about an axis (60) to cut the raw material (30); wherein the rotatable tool (20) has a specific number (L) of tool edges (310) for engaging the material (30) as the tool rotates, resulting in a rotational speed (f) depending on the rotatable tool (20). ROT The repetition frequency (f) R Mechanical vibration (V) IMP The method includes: - receiving a measurement signal (E) indicating the rotational position of a rotating tool. P , P(i), P(j), P(q)); and - receive indication vibration (V IMP ) signal (S FIMP S EA S MD Se(i), S(j), S(q)); - Determine the value (X1; R) of the interaction between the tool edge (310) of the rotary tool (20) and the raw material workpiece (30) based on the vibration signal and position signal. T (r); T D ;FI(r)).

[0689] 65. According to the method of Example 64, wherein a signal (E) indicating the rotational position of the rotating tool is received. P The rotation of the rotatable tool (20) is measured using at least one sensor 170.

[0690] 66. According to the method of Example 64 or 65, wherein an indication vibration (V) is received. IMP ) signal (S FIMP S EA S MD Se(i), S(j), S(q)) includes: measuring vibration at the rotatable tool (20) using at least one sensor 70, and / or measuring vibration at the raw material (30) using at least one sensor 70, and / or measuring vibration at the support 21 for the raw material (30) using at least one sensor 70.

[0691] 67. The method according to any of the foregoing examples further includes: - a value (X1, R) based on the interaction between the tool edge (310) of the indicated rotary tool (20) and the raw material workpiece (30). T (r); T D ;FI(r)) to control the machine (10).

[0692] 68. The method according to any of the foregoing examples further includes: - providing values ​​(X1, R) indicating the interaction between the tool edge (310) of the rotating tool (20) and the raw material workpiece (30). T (r); T D The visual representation of FI(r)).

[0693] 69. According to the method of Example 68, wherein providing a visual representation includes: providing a polar coordinate graph representing the values ​​(X1, R... T (r); T D The tim...

Claims

1. A method for monitoring or operating a machine (10), the machine comprising a tool (20) rotatable relative to a fixed machine position (170), the tool having a specific number (L) of tool edges (310) for rotating at a rotational speed (f) on the tool (20). ROT During rotation, the raw material workpiece (30) is shaped and / or sheared, for interaction with the raw material workpiece (30) to generate product workpieces (95; 96) from the raw material workpiece (30), resulting in a product having a value dependent on the rotation speed (U1, f). ROT ) and the first repetition frequency (f) of the specific number (L). R ) vibration (V PENF The method includes: Receive the indicated vibration (V) PENF Vibration signal (S) FPENF S EA S MD Se(i), S(j), S(q)); Receive position signal (E P , P(i), P(j), P(q)), wherein the position signal indicates the rotational position of the tool (20) relative to the fixed machine position (170), information indicating the wear state (X) of the tool (20, 22, 310) is generated based on the vibration signal and the position signal, and / or a vibration signal signature (V) indicating the wear state (X) of the tool (20, 22, 310) is generated based on the vibration signal and the position signal. PENF ).

2. A method for monitoring or operating a machine (10), said machine comprising a tool (20) having a tool edge (310) for forming and / or shearing a raw material workpiece (30), when a) the raw material workpiece (30) rotates at a speed (U1, f) ROT (b) The tool (20; 310) rotates relative to a fixed machine position (170) to engage the tool cutting edge in order to produce a product workpiece (95; 96); or when the tool (20; 310) rotates at a speed (U1, f) ROT The raw material workpiece (30) rotates relative to a fixed machine position (170) to engage with the raw material workpiece (30) in order to produce a product workpiece (95; 96), resulting in a product with a value depending on the rotational speed (U1, f). ROT The first repetition frequency (f) R ) vibration (V PENF The method includes: Receive the indicated vibration (V) PENF Vibration signal (S) FPENF S EA S MD Se(i), S(j), S(q)); Receive position signal (E P , P(i), P(j), P(q)), where the position signal (E) P P(i), P(j), P(q)) indicate a) the rotational position of the rotating raw material workpiece (30) relative to a fixed position of the tool edge (310), or b) the rotational position of the rotating tool edge (310) relative to the fixed position of the raw material workpiece (30); generate information indicating the wear state (X) of the tool (20, 22, 310) based on the vibration signal and the position signal, and / or generate a vibration signal signature (V) indicating the wear state (X) of the tool edge (310) based on the vibration signal and the position signal. PENF ).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The position signal includes position signal values ​​(P(q), P... TSA The vibration signal comprises a time series of measured sample values ​​(S(q), S(t)); and the vibration signal includes: measured sample values ​​(S(q), S(t)). TSA The time series of (t) and the position signal values ​​(P(q), P) TSA Time synchronization of the time series of (t) allows for the synchronization of individual measured sample values ​​((S)). TSA (t), S(q)) and a single polar angle (P(q), P TSA (t) is related.

4. The method according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein, This also includes: displaying the vibration signal signature (V) on the display (210S). PENF ), and / or display on the display (210S) the information indicating the wear condition (X) of the tool (20, 22, 310).

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, It also includes: creating or drawing a signature (V) representing the vibration signal on the display (210S). PENF The image, wherein creation or drawing includes: based on measured sample values ​​(S(q), S...) TSA The time series of (t) is located or placed on the display (210S) to position or place multiple image points or pixels.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The position signal includes position signal values ​​(P(q), P... TSA The vibration signal comprises a time series of measured sample values ​​(S(q), S(t)); and the vibration signal includes: measured sample values ​​(S(q), S(t)). TSA The time series of (t) and the position signal values ​​(P(q), P) TSA Time synchronization of the time series of (t) allows for the synchronization of individual measured sample values ​​((S)). TSA (t), S(q)) and a single polar angle (P(q), P TSA (t) is associated; the method further includes: creating or drawing on a display (210S) a signature representing the vibration signal (V) PENF The image, wherein creation or drawing includes: based on the measured sample values ​​(S(q), S...) TSA (t))(S(q), S TSA (t) time series, multiple image points or pixels are positioned or placed on the display (210S), such that a single image point or single pixel is positioned or placed on the display (210S) within a radius (S) from the reference point (O, 530). TSA At point (t), S(q)), the radius (P) TSA (t), P(q)) indicates the amplitude of the vibration signal generated when at least one tool edge (310) of the rotating tool (20) interacts with the raw material workpiece (30), and the single polar angle (P(q), P) relative to the reference direction (0 degrees, 360 degrees, 540 degrees). TSA (t)) at.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims further comprises: A polar coordinate system (530, 540) is displayed on the display (210S), the polar coordinate system having a reference point (0, 530) and a reference direction (0 degrees, 360 degrees, 540). And an image representing the wear state (X) of the tool (20, 310), wherein the display includes: based on measured sample values ​​(S(q), S... TSA (t))(S(q), S TSA (t) time series, multiple image points or pixels are positioned or placed on the display (210S), such that a single image point or single pixel is positioned or placed on the display (210S) within a radius (S) from the reference point (O, 530). TSA At point (t), S(q)), the radius (P) TSA (t), P(q)) indicates the amplitude of the vibration signal generated when at least one tool edge (310) of the rotating tool (20) interacts with the raw material workpiece (30), and the single polar angle (P(q), P) relative to the reference direction (0 degrees, 360 degrees, 540 degrees). TSA (t)) at.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims further comprises: Provide a fast Fourier transform (510); feed the vibration signal (S(q), S) to the fast Fourier transform (510). TSA (t) and the position signal (P(q), P TSA (t)); for the vibration signal (S(q), S TSA (t) Perform a Fast Fourier Transform to generate an indicator repetition frequency equal to the first repetition frequency (f) R The first frequency domain amplitude value (X11) of the amplitude component.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims further comprises: Retrieve the first frequency domain reference value (X11) from memory (430). UNWORN X11 REF ), the first frequency domain reference value (X11) UNWORN X11 REF The data processor (350) indicates the wear level of the first predetermined tool and uses the data processor (350) to compare the first frequency domain amplitude value (X11) with the first frequency domain reference value (X11). UNWORN X11 REF ( ) to compare or correlate; and to determine a first comparison value indicating the degree of wear of the tool (20) based on the comparison or correlation.

10. The method according to any one of claims 8 or 9, wherein, The information indicating the wear condition (X) of the tools (20, 22, 310) includes the first frequency domain amplitude value (X11); and / or the information indicating the wear condition (X) of the tools (20, 22, 310) includes a first comparison value indicating the degree of wear of the tools.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: Provide a fast Fourier transform (510); feed the vibration signal (S(q), S) to the fast Fourier transform (510). TSA (t) and the position signal (P(q), P TSA (t)); for the vibration signal (S(q), S TSA (t) Perform a Fast Fourier Transform to generate an indicator repetition frequency equal to the first repetition frequency (f) R The second frequency domain amplitude values ​​(X12, X13, ..., X1+n) are integer multiples of the amplitude components.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: Retrieve the second frequency domain reference value (X12) from memory (430). UNWORN X12 REF ), the second frequency domain reference value (X12) UNWORN X12 REF The data processor (350) indicates the wear level of the first predetermined tool and uses the second frequency domain amplitude value (X12, X13, ..., X1+n) to compare the second frequency domain reference value (X12) with the second frequency domain reference value (X12) using the data processor (350). UNWORN X12 REF ( ) to compare or correlate; and to determine a second comparison value indicating the degree of wear of the tool (20) based on the comparison or correlation.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein, The information indicating the wear condition (X) of the tools (20, 22, 310) includes the second frequency domain amplitude value (X12, X13, ..., X1+n); and / or the information indicating the wear condition (X) of the tools (20, 22, 310) includes a second comparison value indicating the degree of wear of the tools.

14. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The first frequency domain reference value (X11) indicating the wear level of the first predetermined tool UNWORN X11 REF ) is a frequency domain reference value (X11) based on the previously generated first frequency domain amplitude value (X11). UNWORN This allows the wear level of the first predetermined tool to indicate a tool that is not worn or substantially unworn.

15. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The second frequency domain reference value (X12) indicating the degree of wear of the first predetermined tool UNWORN X12 REF ) is based on the reference value (X12) of the previously generated second frequency domain amplitude value (X12, X13, ..., X1+n). UNWORN This allows the wear level of the first predetermined tool to indicate a tool that is not worn or substantially unworn.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, further comprising: The image (520) indicating the wear condition (X) of the tool (20, 22, 310) is transmitted to the user via a user interface (210, 210S, 210B); wherein the image (520) includes a second quantity (L) of vibration signal signatures (V). PENF The second quantity is equal to the specific quantity (L); and wherein the image (520) depicts the vibration signal signatures (V) of the second quantity in the order of different rotational positions (I; II, III, IV, ... XI, XII, L). PENF V PENf _ I V PENf _ II V PENf _ III V PENf _ IV V PENf _ V V PENf _ VI V PENf _ VII V PENf _ IIX V PENf _ IX V PENf _ X V PENf _ XI V PENf _ XII The order of the rotating signature positions, which are different from each other, corresponds to the tool (20; 310_). I 310_ II 310_ III 310_ IV 310_ V 310_ VI 310_ VII 310_ IIX 310_ IX 310_ X 310_ XI 310_ L The sequence of the different cutting edge positions (I; II, III, IV, ... XI, XII, L) of the rotating tool on each other.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, further comprising: The image (520) indicating the wear condition (X) of the tool (20, 22, 310) is transmitted to the user via a user interface (210, 210S, 210B); wherein the image (520) includes a second quantity (L) of vibration signal signatures (V). PENF The second quantity is equal to the specific quantity (L); and wherein the image (520) depicts a second quantity of vibration signal signatures (V) in order of different angular positions (I; II, III, IV, ... XI, XII, L) relative to a reference direction (0°, 360°, 540°). PENF V PENf _ I V PENf _ II V PENf _ III V PENf _ IV V PENf _ V V PENf _ VI V PENf _ VII V PENf _ IIX V PENf _ IX V PENf _ X V PENf _ XI V PENf _ XII The order of the different angular positions corresponds to the tool (20; 310_). I 310_ II 310_ III 310_ IV 310_ V 310_ VI 310_ VII 310_ IIX 310_ IX 310_ X 310_ XI 310_ L The order of the rotating tool edge positions (I; II, III, IV, ... XI, XII, L) that are different from each other relative to the position marks (180) set on the tool (20) is so that the user can determine the wear state (X1) of a single tool edge.

18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein, The information indicating the wear state (X) of the tools (20, 22, 310) includes: vibration signals in the time domain (S(j), S(q), S... TSA (t) and the signature of a single vibration signal (V) PENf_VB The time-domain peak amplitude value (S) identified in the relevant part P 545_ V B, X1_V_B), the time-domain peak amplitude value (S P 545_ V B, X1_V) indicates the signature of the single vibration signal (V) PENf_VB The current wear status of the corresponding individual tool edge (310_V).

19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein, It also includes: analyzing time-domain vibration signals (S(j), S(q), S...) through a data processor. TSA (t) is a part of which, through a data processor, the time-domain peak amplitude value (S) is generated from the analysis. P 545_ V Based on the vibration signal and the position signal, the time-domain peak amplitude value (S) is determined by the data processor. P 545_ V B, X1_V) angular position relative to the reference direction; based on the determined angular position, the individual tool edge 310_V on the tool (20) is identified by the data processor; the generated time-domain peak amplitude value (S) is processed by the data processor. P 545_ V B, X1_V) are associated with identity information, so that the generated time-domain peak amplitude value (S) P 545_ V B, X1_V) is associated with the single tool edge (310_V) on the tool (20).

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: The generated time-domain peak amplitude value (S) is stored in memory by the data processor. P 545_ V B, X1_V) and the identity information, such as the first time-domain peak amplitude reference value (S) of the identified tool edge (310_V) on the tool (20) for future use. P , 545_VA, X1_VA, X1 UNWORN X1_ REF Wear condition reference value.

21. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein, It also includes: retrieving a first time-domain peak amplitude reference value (S) from memory (430). P , 545_VA, X1_VA, X1 UNWORN X1 REF The first time-domain peak amplitude reference value indicates the degree of wear on the cutting edge of the first predetermined tool.

22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein, It also includes: retrieving a first time-domain peak amplitude reference value (S) from memory (430). P , 545_VA, X1_VA, X1 UNWORN X1 REF The first time-domain peak amplitude reference value indicates the first predetermined tool edge wear degree for the tool edge (310_V) identified by the identity information.

23. A computer program that can be loaded into a memory (360) of a device (150) having a data processor (350), the computer program comprising computer program code (380, 394, 410) adapted to perform the steps of the method according to any one of the preceding claims when the computer program is run on the data processor.

24. The computer program of claim 23, wherein the computer program is embedded on a computer-readable medium.

25. An apparatus for monitoring and / or operating a machine (10), the machine comprising a rotatable tool (20, 22) having a first number (L) of tool edges (310) configured to penetrate a raw material workpiece (30) when the tool (20, 22) rotates, for causing the tool edges (310) to shear the raw material (30) to produce a product part (95; 96), thereby resulting in a rotational speed (U1, f) dependent on the rotatable tool (20, 22). ROT And depends on the first repetition frequency (f) of the first quantity (L). R f TP ) vibration (V PENf The device is configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising: A data processor (350) and a memory (360; 430) and a computer program according to any one of claims 23 or 24.

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