Battery management device and operating method thereof

Abstract

A battery management apparatus according to one embodiment disclosed herein includes: an acquisition unit configured to acquire a voltage of a battery cell; and a controller configured to calculate a battery curve related to a voltage and a capacity of the battery cell based on the voltage of the battery cell, identify a degradation state of a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the battery cell by using the battery curve, and manage a charging curve for charging the battery cell based on the degradation state of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

Description

Battery management device and its operation method Technical Field

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and benefit to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0132823, filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on October 5, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] The embodiments disclosed herein relate to a battery management device and its operating method. Background Technology

[0004] Recently, research and development of rechargeable batteries have been actively pursued. In this paper, rechargeable batteries—which are rechargeable / dischargeable batteries—can be interpreted as including all traditional nickel (Ni) / cadmium (Cd) batteries, Ni / metal hydride (MH) batteries, and more recently, lithium-ion batteries. Recently, with the application of lithium-ion batteries expanding to power sources for electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries have attracted attention as a next-generation energy storage medium.

[0005] Electric vehicles are supplied with electricity from an external source to charge individual battery cells, which are then discharged to drive the motor and obtain power. During production and use, battery cells undergo internal deformation and degradation through various charge / discharge cycles, resulting in changes to their physical and chemical properties. For example, defects such as venting due to internal or external short circuits and lithium deposition, or undervoltage defects where the voltage of a battery cell drops below a certain level, may occur. Therefore, due to battery deterioration and degradation, a technology is needed to manage the charging operation of the battery. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Technical issues

[0007] The embodiments disclosed herein aim to provide a battery management device and its operating method, wherein the charging curve of a battery cell is managed based on the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell.

[0008] The embodiments disclosed herein aim to provide a battery management device and its operating method, wherein a fast charging curve for preventing battery cell degradation is improved based on the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cells.

[0009] The technical problems of the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to those described above, and other unmentioned technical problems will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art based on the following description.

[0010] Technical solution

[0011] A battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed herein includes: an acquisition unit configured to acquire the voltage of a battery cell; and a controller configured to calculate a battery curve related to the voltage and capacity of the battery cell based on the voltage of the battery cell, identify the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell by using the battery curve, and manage a charging curve for charging the battery cell based on the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes.

[0012] According to one embodiment, the controller can also be configured to: calculate the degree of positive electrode degradation and the degree of negative electrode degradation based on the battery curve, wherein the degree of positive electrode degradation is the degree of positive electrode degradation of a single battery cell and the degree of negative electrode degradation is the degree of negative electrode degradation of a single battery cell; and identify the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes based on the degree of positive electrode degradation and the degree of negative electrode degradation.

[0013] According to one embodiment, the controller may also be configured to separate the positive electrode curve and the negative electrode curve from the battery curve, and to calculate the degree of positive electrode degradation and the degree of negative electrode degradation based on the extent to which the capacity of the positive electrode curve and the negative electrode curve is reduced compared to the capacity of a reference positive electrode curve and a reference negative electrode curve.

[0014] According to one embodiment, the controller can also be configured to determine the primary degradation state that has a greater impact on the degradation of the battery cell among the degradation states of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell, and to manage the charging curve based on the primary degradation state.

[0015] According to one embodiment, the controller may also be configured to determine the degradation state of the electrode having a greater degree of degradation than the degree of degradation of the positive electrode and the degree of degradation of the negative electrode as the primary degradation state.

[0016] According to one embodiment, the controller can also be configured to manage a charging curve for charging the battery cell based on a first charging curve associated with the battery cell when the primary degradation state is a positive degradation state.

[0017] According to one embodiment, the first charging curve may include a charging curve related to the life start (BoL) state of the battery cell.

[0018] According to one embodiment, the controller can also be configured to manage the charging curve for charging the battery cells based on a second charging curve that reflects the degradation state of the negative electrode when the primary degradation state is the degradation state of the negative electrode.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the controller may also be configured to calculate a second charging curve based on a first charging curve indicating the charging current corresponding to the capacity of the battery cell associated with the BoL state of the battery cell, by reducing the degree of negative electrode degradation by reducing the charging current of the first charging curve.

[0020] According to one embodiment, the controller may also be configured to calculate a second charging curve based on a first charging curve indicating the charging current corresponding to the capacity of the battery cell associated with the BoL state of the battery cell, by reducing the capacity of the first charging curve to the degree of negative electrode degradation.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the charging curve can indicate the correspondence between the charging current and capacity of a battery cell used for fast charging of the battery cell.

[0022] A battery management method according to an embodiment disclosed herein includes calculating a battery profile related to the voltage and capacity of a battery cell based on the voltage of the battery cell, identifying the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell using the battery profile, and managing a charging profile for charging the battery cell based on the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes.

[0023] According to one embodiment, identifying the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes of a battery cell may include: calculating the degree of degradation of the positive electrode and the degree of degradation of the negative electrode based on the battery curve, wherein the degree of degradation of the positive electrode is the degree of degradation of the positive electrode of the battery cell and the degree of degradation of the negative electrode is the degree of degradation of the negative electrode of the battery cell; and identifying the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes based on the degree of degradation of the positive electrode and the degree of degradation of the negative electrode.

[0024] According to one embodiment, calculating the degree of positive electrode degradation and the degree of negative electrode degradation may include separating the positive electrode curve and the negative electrode curve from the battery curve, and calculating the degree of positive electrode degradation and the degree of negative electrode degradation based on the degree of capacity reduction of the positive electrode curve and the negative electrode curve relative to the capacity of the reference positive electrode curve and the reference negative electrode curve.

[0025] According to one embodiment, managing the charging curve may include identifying the primary degradation state that has a greater impact on the degradation of the battery cell among the degradation states of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell, and managing the charging curve based on the primary degradation state.

[0026] According to one embodiment, determining the primary degradation state may include determining the degradation state of the electrode having a greater degree of degradation than the degree of degradation of the positive electrode and the degree of degradation of the negative electrode as the primary degradation state.

[0027] According to one embodiment, managing the charging curve may include managing the charging curve for charging the battery cell based on a first charging curve associated with the battery cell when the main degradation state is a positive degradation state.

[0028] According to one embodiment, managing the charging curve may include managing the charging curve for charging the battery cell based on a second charging curve that reflects the degradation state of the negative electrode when the main degradation state is the degradation state of the negative electrode.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the battery management method may further include calculating a second charging curve based on a first charging curve indicating the charging current corresponding to the capacity of the battery cell related to the BoL state of the battery cell, and reducing the degree of negative electrode degradation by reducing the charging current of the first charging curve.

[0030] According to one embodiment, the battery management method may further include calculating a second charging curve based on a first charging curve indicating the charging current corresponding to the capacity of the battery cell associated with the BoL state of the battery cell, by reducing the capacity of the first charging curve to the degree of negative electrode degradation.

[0031] Beneficial effects

[0032] According to one embodiment of the battery management device and its operation method disclosed herein, the charging curve of a battery cell can be managed based on the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell.

[0033] According to one embodiment of the battery management device and its operation method disclosed herein, the fast charging curve can be improved based on the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cells to prevent battery cell degradation.

[0034] In addition, various effects, either directly or indirectly, can be provided through this document. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 shows a battery cell pack according to an embodiment disclosed herein.

[0036] Figure 2 is a block diagram of a battery management device according to an embodiment disclosed herein.

[0037] Figure 3 shows a battery curve according to one embodiment disclosed herein.

[0038] Figure 4 shows a battery curve according to one embodiment disclosed herein.

[0039] Figure 5 shows a battery curve according to one embodiment disclosed herein.

[0040] Figure 6 shows a battery curve according to one embodiment disclosed herein.

[0041] Figure 7 shows a charging curve according to one embodiment disclosed herein.

[0042] Figures 8 and 9 show charging curves according to one embodiment disclosed herein.

[0043] Figure 10 is an operation flowchart of a battery management device according to an embodiment disclosed herein.

[0044] Figure 11 is an operation flowchart of a battery management device according to an embodiment disclosed herein.

[0045] Figure 12 is a block diagram illustrating the hardware configuration of a computing system for performing an operation method of a battery management device according to an embodiment disclosed herein. Detailed Implementation

[0046] In the following description, various embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this description is not intended to limit the present disclosure to the specific embodiments, and it should be understood to include various modifications, equivalents, and / or substitutions of the embodiments according to the present disclosure.

[0047] It should be understood that the embodiments and terminology used in this document are not intended to limit the technical features set forth herein to specific embodiments, but rather to include various changes, equivalents, or substitutions to corresponding embodiments. Regarding the description of the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used to refer to similar or related elements. It should be understood that, unless the relevant context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more of the things.

[0048] As used herein, each of the phrases such as “A or B,” “at least one of A and B,” “at least one of A or B,” “A, B or C,” “at least one of A, B and C,” and “at least one of A, B or C” can include any one or all possible combinations of the items listed together in the corresponding one of these phrases. Terms such as “first,” “second,” “first,” “second,” “A,” “B,” “(a),” or “(b)” can be used simply to distinguish a corresponding component from another component and, unless otherwise stated, do not otherwise limit these components (e.g., in terms of importance or order).

[0049] In this document, it should be understood that when an element (e.g., a first element) is referred to as being “connected,” “coupled,” “linked,” or “coupled to” or “connected to” another element (e.g., a second element), whether or not the terms “operationally” or “communically” are used, it means that the element can be connected to the other element directly (e.g., wired), wirelessly, or via a third element.

[0050] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, methods according to various embodiments of this disclosure can be included and set in a computer program product. This computer program product can be traded as a product between a seller and a buyer. The computer program product can be distributed in the form of a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., an optical disc read-only memory (CD-ROM)), or distributed online via an app store (e.g., downloaded or uploaded), or distributed directly between two user devices. In the case of online distribution, at least a portion of the computer program product can be temporarily stored in a machine-readable storage medium, such as the memory of a manufacturer's server, an app store's server, or a relay server, or can be temporarily generated.

[0051] According to various embodiments of this disclosure, each of the above-described components (e.g., modules or programs) may include a single entity or multiple entities, some of which may be individually disposed on other components. According to various embodiments of this disclosure, one or more of the above-described components or operations may be omitted, or one or more other components or operations may be added. Alternatively or additionally, multiple components (e.g., modules or programs) may be integrated into a single component. In this case, the integrated component may perform one or more functions of each of the multiple components in the same or similar manner as the corresponding components in the multiple components prior to integration. According to various embodiments of this disclosure, operations performed by modules, programs, or other components may be performed sequentially, in parallel, repeatedly, or heuristically, or one or more of these operations may be performed in a different order or omitted, or one or more other operations may be added.

[0052] Figure 1 shows a battery cell pack according to an embodiment disclosed herein.

[0053] Referring to FIG1, a battery cell pack 1000 according to one embodiment disclosed herein may include a battery cell module 100, a battery management device 200, and a relay 300. According to various embodiments, the battery cell module 100 may be a single battery cell, and in this case, the battery cell pack 1000 may have a cell-to-pack structure.

[0054] Meanwhile, although one battery cell module 100 is shown in Figure 1, according to one embodiment, the battery cell module 100 can be configured as multiple, and the battery cell group 1000 can have a stacked structure of multiple battery cell modules.

[0055] Battery cell module 100 may include a plurality of battery cells 110, 120, 130 and 140. Although the plurality of battery cells is shown as four in FIG1, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and battery cell module 100 may include n battery cells (n is a natural number equal to or greater than 2).

[0056] The battery cell module 100 can supply power to a target device (not shown). For this purpose, the battery cell module 100 can be electrically connected to the target device. In this document, the target device may include, but is not limited to, an electrical, electronic, or mechanical device that operates by receiving power from a battery cell bank 1000 comprising a plurality of battery cells 110, 120, 130, and 140, and may be, for example, an electric vehicle (EV) or an energy storage system (ESS).

[0057] The multiple battery cells 110, 120, 130, and 140—each of which is a basic unit of a battery cell that is available for charging and discharging electrical energy—may be, but are not limited to, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, Li-ion polymer batteries, nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries, nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries, etc. Meanwhile, although one battery cell module 100 is shown in Figure 1, according to one embodiment, the battery cell module 100 may be configured as multiple.

[0058] The battery management device 200 can manage and / or control the state and / or operation of the battery cell module 100. For example, the battery management device 200 can manage and / or control the state and / or operation of multiple battery cells 110, 120, 130, and 140 included in the battery cell module 100. The battery management device 200 can manage the charging and / or discharging of the battery cell module 100.

[0059] The battery management device 200 can control the operation of the relay 300. For example, the battery management device 200 can short-circuit the relay 300 to supply power to the target device. When a charging device is connected to the battery cell pack 1000, the battery management device 200 can short-circuit the relay 300.

[0060] Furthermore, the battery management device 200 can monitor the voltage, current, temperature, etc. of each of the multiple battery cells 110, 120, 130, and 140 included in the battery cell module 100. Sensors or various measurement modules (not shown) used for monitoring performed by the battery management device 200 can be additionally mounted in the battery cell module 100, the charging / discharging path, or any location within the battery cell module 100. The battery management device 200 can calculate parameters indicating the state of the battery cell module 100, such as state of charge (SoC), state of health (SoH), etc., based on the monitored measurements such as voltage, current, and temperature.

[0061] For the battery cell module 100 and the multiple battery cells 110, 120, 130 and 140, as the usage time or number of uses increases, the capacity may decrease, the internal resistance may increase, and various parameters of the battery may change. The battery management device 200 can diagnose abnormalities inside the battery cell module 100 and the multiple battery cells 110, 120, 130 and 140 based on data of various parameters that change with the degradation and deterioration of the battery cells.

[0062] The battery management device 200 can be one of various electronic devices used for managing, diagnosing, or testing batteries. For example, the battery management device 200 can be included in a battery management system (BMS) inside or outside a vehicle, or it can be implemented as a separate external device different from the BMS in the vehicle. According to one embodiment, the battery management device 200 can be included in a device for charging / discharging testing, such as a server, cloud server, or charge / discharge cycler, or it can be included in various devices for diagnosing or testing batteries.

[0063] Figure 2 is a block diagram of a battery management device according to an embodiment disclosed herein.

[0064] Referring to Figure 2, the battery management device 200 may include an acquisition unit 210 and a controller 220. However, it is not limited thereto; some components may be omitted from the battery management device 200, or other common components may be further included in the battery management device 200.

[0065] The acquisition unit 210 can acquire the status information of each of the multiple battery cells 110, 120, 130 and 140. For example, the acquisition unit 210 can monitor the voltage, current, temperature and other parameters of each of the multiple battery cells 110, 120, 130 and 140.

[0066] The controller 220 can control the operation of the battery management device 200. According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can calculate parameters (e.g., state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and / or capacity) indicating the state of each of the plurality of battery cells 110, 120, 130, and 140 based on the voltage, current, temperature, etc., of each of the battery cells 110, 120, 130, and 140 acquired by the acquisition unit 210. The controller 220 can control the operation of each of the plurality of battery cells 110, 120, 130, and 140 based on the calculated SOC, SOH, capacity, etc.

[0067] The controller 220 can control the operation of each of the plurality of battery cells 110, 120, 130 and 140 to manage each of the plurality of battery cells 110, 120, 130 and 140. According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can manage the charging and / or discharging of the plurality of battery cells 110, 120, 130 and 140.

[0068] According to one embodiment, controller 220 can identify the degradation state of each of a plurality of battery cells 110, 120, 130, and 140, and manage the charging of each of the plurality of battery cells 110, 120, 130, and 140 based on the degradation state. In this document, the degradation state of a battery cell can refer to the degradation and / or deterioration of the battery due to the charging and discharging of the battery cell. According to one embodiment, controller 220 can identify the degradation state of each of the plurality of battery cells 110, 120, 130, and 140, and manage the charging profiles for charging each of the plurality of battery cells 110, 120, 130, and 140 according to the degree of degradation.

[0069] The battery cell 110 may undergo degradation and / or deterioration during repeated charging and discharging. For example, in the positive electrode of the battery cell 110, the positive electrode active material may disintegrate due to charging and discharging or byproducts may be generated. In the negative electrode of the battery cell 110, lithium (Li) plating may occur due to the deposition of metallic lithium. In addition, the electrolyte of the battery cell 110 may be oxidized or its crystal structure may be destroyed.

[0070] Compared to the initial manufacturing state of battery cell 110, degradation and deterioration of battery cell 110 can affect its performance. Degradation and deterioration of battery cell 110 can also affect charging performance. Battery management device 200, including controller 220, identifies and diagnoses the degradation state of each of the plurality of battery cells 110, 120, 130, and 140. Furthermore, controller 220 can manage the charging of battery cell 110 based on the state of degradation to reduce the rate of degradation. For example, controller 220 can maintain or modify the charging curve based on the degradation state of battery cell 110, thereby managing the lifespan of battery cell 110.

[0071] The controller 220 may have a structure for executing instructions that implement the operation of the battery management device 200. The controller 220 may be implemented using a general-purpose microprocessor or multiple logic gate arrays for handling various operations, and may include a single processor or multiple processors. For example, the controller 220 may be implemented as at least one of a microprocessor, CPU, GPU, and AP.

[0072] The processor 220 can be configured separately or integrated with a memory and / or storage device configured to store instructions, and performs various operations by executing instructions stored in the memory and / or storage device. The memory and / or storage device can store various data, instructions, mobile applications, computer programs, etc. For example, the memory and / or storage device can be implemented as a non-volatile storage device (such as ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, PRAM, MRAM, RRAM, FRAM, etc.) or a volatile storage device (such as DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM, PRAM, RRAM, FeRAM, HDD, SSD, SD, Micro-SD, etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0073] The controller 220 can provide the user with information about the degradation status or charging profile of each of the multiple battery cells 110, 120, 130, and 140. For example, the controller 220 can provide information about the degradation status or charging profile to a user terminal via a communication unit (not shown), and also provide information about the degradation status or charging profile via a display provided in the vehicle, charger, etc.

[0074] Figure 3 shows a battery curve according to one embodiment disclosed herein.

[0075] In the following description, for ease of description, the operation of controller 220 will be described with reference to battery cell 110, but this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the operation of controller 220 can be applied in the same way to battery cell module 100 and multiple battery cells 110, 120, 130 and 140.

[0076] Referring to Figure 3, the controller 220 can calculate the battery curve P associated with the battery cell 110 based on information about the battery cell 110 (including voltage, current, temperature, etc.) acquired in the acquisition unit 210. In this document, the battery curve P may include a curve based on parameters indicating the state of the battery cell 110 (e.g., SOC, SOH, and / or capacity).

[0077] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can calculate the capacity of the battery cell 110 based on the voltage of the battery cell 110. For example, the controller 220 can calculate the capacity of the battery cell 110 based on the current applied to the battery cell 110 and the charging time during the charging of the battery cell 110.

[0078] According to one embodiment, controller 220 can calculate a battery curve P relating to the voltage and capacity of battery cell 110. Battery curve P can include the relationship between the voltage of battery cell 110 and its capacity. For example, the x-axis of Figure 3 can indicate capacity (in Ah), and the y-axis can indicate voltage (in V).

[0079] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can calculate the battery curve P at each point in time during the lifespan of the battery cell 110. For example, the controller 220 can calculate the battery curve P at the beginning of life (BoL) and the middle of life (MoL) of the battery cell 110. According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can experimentally calculate the battery curve P of the battery cell 110 at the BoL state. For example, the controller 220 can calculate the battery curve P at the BoL state based on the manufacturing specifications of the battery cell 110.

[0080] The battery curve P may be altered during the degradation and deterioration of the battery cell 110. Therefore, the controller 220 can compare the battery curve P of the battery cell 110 under the BoL state with the battery curve P under the MoL state to diagnose the deterioration of the battery cell 110.

[0081] Figure 4 shows a battery curve according to one embodiment disclosed herein.

[0082] Referring to Figure 4, the controller 220 can separate the positive electrode curve Q1 and the negative electrode curve Q2 from the battery curve P of the battery cell 110. Therefore, the controller 220 can calculate the degree of positive electrode degradation of the battery cell 110 based on the separated positive electrode curve Q1. Similarly, the controller 220 can calculate the degree of negative electrode degradation of the battery cell 110 based on the separated negative electrode curve Q2. In this paper, the degree of degradation can refer to the degree of degradation of the negative or positive electrode relative to its initial production state.

[0083] According to one embodiment, the battery curve P shown in FIG3 can be separated into the positive electrode curve Q1 and the negative electrode curve Q2 shown in FIG4. When the capacity of the battery cell 110 is set as the x-axis and the voltage is set as the y-axis, the positive electrode curve Q1 and the negative electrode curve Q2 in FIG4 roughly represent an XY curve.

[0084] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can separate the negative electrode curve Q2 or the positive electrode curve Q1 from the battery curve P based on either the positive electrode curve Q1 or the negative electrode curve Q2. For example, the controller 220 can separate the negative electrode curve Q2 based on the battery curve P and the positive electrode curve Q1. In another aspect, the controller 220 can separate the positive electrode curve Q1 based on the battery curve P and the negative electrode curve Q2. In this way, the controller 220 can separate the curve (voltage curve corresponding to capacity) of the other electrode (e.g., the positive electrode) based on the curve (voltage curve corresponding to capacity) of a single electrode (e.g., the negative electrode) of the battery cell 110 and the battery curve P.

[0085] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can calculate each of the positive electrode curve Q1 and the negative electrode curve Q2 by using the open-circuit potential (OCP) of each of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell 110. In this way, the controller 220 can separate the battery curve P into the positive electrode curve Q1 and the negative electrode curve Q2.

[0086] Figure 5 shows a battery curve according to one embodiment disclosed herein.

[0087] Referring to Figure 5, Figure 5 shows the battery curve P of the battery cell 110 in the BoL state and the positive electrode curve Q1 (MoL) of the battery cell 110 in the MoL state. In Figure 5, the x-axis indicates the capacity (unit: Ah) and the y-axis indicates the voltage (unit: V).

[0088] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can compare the positive electrode curve Q1 (MoL) of the battery cell 110 in the MoL state with a reference positive electrode curve to calculate the degree of positive electrode degradation of the battery cell 110. In this document, the positive electrode curve Q1 (MoL) in the MoL state can refer to the positive electrode curve of the degraded battery cell 110. The reference positive electrode curve can refer to the positive electrode curve of the battery cell 110 obtained at a reference time point used to calculate the degree of degradation of the battery cell 110. For example, the reference positive electrode curve can refer to the positive electrode curve Q1 (BoL) of the battery cell 110 in an undegraded state (i.e., the BoL state).

[0089] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can experimentally obtain the positive electrode curve Q1 (BoL) of the battery cell 110 under the BoL state. For example, the controller 220 can obtain the positive electrode curve Q1 (BoL) of the battery cell 110 under the BoL state based on the production specifications of the battery cell 110. The controller 220 can also obtain the positive electrode curve Q1 (BoL) of the battery cell 110 under the BoL state from an external device (e.g., a server).

[0090] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can compare the positive electrode curves of the battery cell 110 acquired at two different time points to calculate the degree of positive electrode degradation of the battery cell 110 based on the degree of capacity reduction ΔQ1 of the positive electrode curve. According to another embodiment, the controller 220 can calculate the degree of positive electrode degradation of the battery cell 110 based on the degree of capacity reduction ΔQ1 of the positive electrode curve Q1(MoL) of the battery cell 110 in the MoL state compared to a reference positive electrode curve (e.g., Q1(BoL)).

[0091] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can calculate the degree of reduction ΔQ1 of the current capacity of the positive electrode curve of the battery cell 110 obtained at two different time points compared with the maximum capacity of the positive electrode curve of the battery cell 110. Here, maximum capacity may refer to the capacity of the battery cell 110 when it is charged to its rechargeable capacity.

[0092] For example, when the maximum capacity of the positive electrode curve Q1 (BoL) in the BoL state of the battery cell 110 is 100 and the maximum capacity of the positive electrode curve Q1 (MoL) in the MoL state is 95, the controller 220 can calculate the degree of reduction in the maximum capacity of the positive electrode curve ΔQ1 by using the maximum capacity difference between the two positive electrode curves. In this paper, the degree of reduction in the maximum capacity of the positive electrode curve ΔQ1 can be 5, which is the difference between 100 and 95.

[0093] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can calculate the positive electrode degradation level as 5% based on the current reduction ΔQ1 of the maximum capacity of the battery cell 110. In this way, the controller 220 can diagnose the positive electrode degradation level, which is the degree of degradation of the positive electrode relative to the initial manufacturing state (BoL) of the battery cell 110 caused by repeated charging and discharging of the battery cell 110.

[0094] Figure 6 shows a battery curve according to one embodiment disclosed herein.

[0095] Referring to Figure 6, Figure 6 shows the battery curve P of the battery cell 110 in the BoL state and the negative electrode curve Q2 (MoL) of the battery cell 110 in the MoL state. In Figure 6, the x-axis indicates the capacity (in Ah) and the y-axis indicates the voltage (in V).

[0096] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can compare the negative electrode curve Q2 (MoL) of the battery cell 110 in the MoL state with a reference negative electrode curve to calculate the degree of negative electrode degradation of the battery cell 110. In this document, the reference negative electrode curve can refer to the negative electrode curve of the battery cell 110 obtained at a reference time point used to calculate the degree of degradation of the battery cell 110. For example, the reference negative electrode curve can refer to the negative electrode curve Q2 (BoL) in the undegraded state of the battery cell 110 (i.e., the BoL state).

[0097] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can experimentally obtain the negative electrode curve Q2 (BoL) of the battery cell 110 under the BoL state. For example, the controller 220 can obtain the negative electrode curve Q2 (BoL) of the battery cell 110 under the BoL state based on the production specifications of the battery cell 110. The controller 220 can also obtain the negative electrode curve Q2 (BoL) of the battery cell 110 under the BoL state from an external device (e.g., a server).

[0098] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can compare the negative electrode curves of the battery cell 110 acquired at two different time points to calculate the degree of negative electrode degradation of the battery cell 110 based on the degree of capacity reduction ΔQ2 of the negative electrode curve. According to another embodiment, the controller 220 can calculate the degree of negative electrode degradation of the battery cell 110 based on the degree of capacity reduction ΔQ2 of the negative electrode curve Q2(MoL) of the battery cell 110 in the MoL state compared to a reference negative electrode curve (e.g., Q2(BoL)).

[0099] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can calculate the degree of reduction ΔQ2 of the current capacity of the negative electrode curve of the battery cell 110 acquired at two different time points compared to the maximum capacity of the battery cell 110. Here, maximum capacity may refer to the capacity of the battery cell 110 when it is charged to its rechargeable capacity.

[0100] For example, when the maximum capacity of the negative electrode curve Q2 (BoL) in the BoL state of battery cell 110 is 100 and the maximum capacity of the negative electrode curve Q2 (MoL) in the MoL state of battery cell 110 is 90, the controller 220 can calculate the degree of reduction in maximum capacity of each negative electrode curve ΔQ2 (=10). Furthermore, the controller 220 can calculate a negative electrode degradation degree of 10% based on the current degree of reduction in maximum capacity of battery cell 110 ΔQ2 (=10). In this way, the controller 220 can diagnose the degree of negative electrode degradation, which is the degree of degradation of the negative electrode relative to the initial production state (BoL) of battery cell 110 caused by repeated charging and discharging of battery cell 110.

[0101] Therefore, the controller 220 can calculate the degree of positive electrode degradation and negative electrode degradation based on the battery curve P, and identify the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell 110 based on the calculated degrees of positive and negative electrode degradation. For example, the controller 220 can identify that as the degree of positive electrode degradation of the battery cell 110 increases, more positive electrode active material breaks down or by-products are generated in the positive electrode. On the other hand, the controller 220 can identify that as the degree of positive electrode degradation of the battery cell 110 increases, the internal resistance of the positive electrode increases. On the other hand, the controller 220 can identify that as the degree of negative electrode degradation of the battery cell 110 increases, more lithium plating progresses in the negative electrode.

[0102] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can determine a primary degradation state among the degradation states of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell 110. Based on the determined primary degradation state, the charging profile of the battery cell 110 can be managed. In this document, the primary degradation state can refer to the state among the degradation states of the positive and negative electrodes that has a greater impact on the degradation of the battery cell 110.

[0103] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can determine the degradation state of the electrode having a higher degree of degradation than the degradation state of the positive electrode and the degradation state of the negative electrode as the primary degradation state. For example, when the degradation state of the positive electrode is 5% and the degradation state of the negative electrode is 10%, the controller 220 can determine the degradation state of the negative electrode having a higher degree of degradation as the primary degradation state.

[0104] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can manage the charging profile of the battery cell 110 based on the primary degradation state. Herein, the charging profile of the battery cell 110 may include information about the intensity (e.g., C-rate) of the charging current used to charge the battery cell 110. For example, the charging profile may include a curve indicating the correspondence between the capacity of the battery cell 110 and the charging current. In another aspect, the charging profile may include a curve indicating the correspondence between the state of charge (SOC) of the battery cell 110 and the charging current.

[0105] According to one embodiment, the charging curve may include a charging curve for slow charging or fast charging of the battery cell 110. For example, the charging curve may include a fast charging (QC) curve for fast charging of the battery cell 110.

[0106] According to one embodiment, degradation of the positive and negative electrodes of battery cell 110 may lead to different outcomes during the charging process of battery cell 110. For example, during charging, degradation of the negative electrode of battery cell 110 may accelerate the capacity degradation of battery cell 110 more than degradation of the positive electrode. Therefore, controller 220 can manage the charging curve of battery cell 110 according to the main degradation state of battery cell 110 to more accurately reflect the degradation state of battery cell 110, thereby managing the charging of battery cell 110. In this way, controller 220 can prevent further degradation due to rapid charging of battery cell 110.

[0107] Figure 7 shows a charging curve according to one embodiment disclosed herein.

[0108] Referring to Figure 7, the charging curve QC can be an XY curve graph with the charging capacity (in Ah) of the battery cell 110 as the x-axis and the charging current (in A) as the y-axis. According to one embodiment, the charging curve QC can refer to a QC graph used for fast charging of the battery cell 110. In this document, the charging curve can indicate the relationship between the battery capacity used to charge the battery cell 110 and the charging current. The charging current can refer to the C-rate of fast charging.

[0109] When the primary degradation state is a positive degradation state, the controller 220 can manage the charging curve based on a reference charging curve QC associated with the battery cell 110. In this document, the reference charging curve QC can refer to a charging curve associated with the BoL state of the battery cell 110. For example, the reference charging curve QC can refer to a fast charging curve used for fast charging of an undegraded battery cell 110. According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can obtain the charging curve in the BoL state experimentally, or it can obtain the charging curve in the BoL state from an external device (e.g., a server).

[0110] When the primary degradation state is the positive electrode degradation state, the resistance of the positive electrode may increase during the charging period of battery cell 110, and the slope of the positive electrode voltage curve may increase. Therefore, during the charging period, the voltage of battery cell 110 may quickly reach the rated charging voltage. Therefore, even without changing the fast charging curve under the BoL state, the controller 220 can charge battery cell 110 without accelerating the degradation of battery cell 110.

[0111] Figures 8 and 9 show charging curves according to one embodiment disclosed herein.

[0112] Referring to Figures 8 and 9, the charging curve QC can be an XY curve plotted with the charging capacity (in Ah) of the battery cell 110 as the x-axis and the charging current (in A) as the y-axis. According to one embodiment, the charging curve QC can refer to a QC graph used for fast charging of the battery cell 110. In this document, the charging curve can indicate the relationship between the battery capacity used to charge the battery cell 110 and the charging current (i.e., the C-rate).

[0113] The controller 220 can manage the charging curve of the battery cell 110 based on the second charging curve QC2 when the main degradation state is the negative electrode degradation state. In this document, the second charging curve QC2 can refer to a charging curve reflecting the degradation state of the negative electrode. For example, the controller 220 can calculate the second charging curve QC2 based on the degradation state of the negative electrode.

[0114] According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can calculate a second charging curve QC2 based on a first charging curve QC1. Herein, the first charging curve QC1 may refer to a charging curve related to the BoL state of the battery cell 110, and the second charging curve QC2 may refer to a charging curve related to the MoL state of the battery cell 110. For example, the first charging curve QC1 may refer to a fast charging curve for fast charging an undegraded battery cell 110, and the second charging curve QC2 may refer to a fast charging curve for fast charging a degraded battery cell 110. According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can obtain the charging curve in the BoL state experimentally, or it can obtain the charging curve in the BoL state from an external device (e.g., a server).

[0115] Lithium plating, a major cause of negative electrode degradation, can cause short circuits between electrodes within the battery cell 110, leading to a decrease in the capacity of the battery cell 110. For example, when the battery cell 110 is fast-charged using a charging curve associated with its BoL state, the capacity reduction caused by degradation may not be reflected, further accelerating negative electrode degradation. Therefore, the controller 220 can calculate a second charging curve QC2 reflecting the degradation state of the battery cell 110 when negative electrode degradation is the primary degradation state. For example, the controller 220 can change the charging curve associated with the BoL state to one associated with the MoL state. With this optimized charging curve, the controller 220 can reduce the rate of capacity degradation of the battery cell 110 and manage the degradation of the battery cell 110.

[0116] According to one embodiment, the second charging curve QC2 may include two types of second charging curves (e.g., QC2(A) or QC2(B)). These will be described with reference to Figures 8 and 9.

[0117] Referring to Figure 8, the controller 220 can change the charging current of a first charging curve QC1 associated with the BoL state of the battery cell 110 to calculate a second charging curve QC2(A). Herein, the first charging curve QC1 can be a curve indicating the charging current corresponding to the capacity for fast charging in the BoL state of the battery cell 110. According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can reduce the negative electrode degradation by decreasing the charging current of the first charging curve QC1, thereby calculating the second charging curve QC2(A). Herein, the charging current can refer to the C-rate of fast charging.

[0118] According to one embodiment, controller 220 can calculate a second charging curve QC2(A) by reducing the charging current of a first charging curve QC1 by the degree of negative electrode degradation (10%). For example, controller 220 can fast charge battery cell 110 at a C-rate that reduces the degree of negative electrode degradation (e.g., 10%) compared to the C-rate of fast charging at the BoL state of battery cell 110. Controller 220 can complete charging before lithium plating occurs by reducing the degree of negative electrode degradation at the C-rate during fast charging. In this way, by preventing lithium plating, controller 220 can improve the depth of fast charging and manage the degradation of battery cell 110.

[0119] Referring to Figure 9, the controller 220 can modify the charging capacity of a first charging curve QC1 associated with the BoL state of the battery cell 110 to calculate a second charging curve QC2(B). In this document, the first charging curve QC1 may be a curve indicating the charging current corresponding to the capacity for fast charging in the BoL state of the battery cell 110. According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can reduce the negative electrode degradation degree by decreasing the charging capacity of the first charging curve QC1 to calculate the second charging curve QC2(B).

[0120] According to one embodiment, controller 220 can calculate a second charging curve QC2(B) by reducing the negative electrode degradation degree (10%) of the charging capacity of a first charging curve QC1. For example, controller 220 can calculate the capacity of battery cell 110 charged at a specific C rate during fast charging by reducing the negative electrode degradation degree (e.g., 10%) compared to the BoL state of battery cell 110. Therefore, controller 220 can complete charging before lithium plating occurs by reducing the negative electrode degradation degree of the charging capacity during fast charging. By preventing lithium plating, controller 220 can improve the depth of fast charging and manage the degradation of battery cell 110.

[0121] Figure 10 is an operation flowchart of a battery management device according to an embodiment disclosed herein.

[0122] Referring to Figure 10, the battery management method may include: operation S101, calculating a battery curve P related to the voltage and capacity of the battery cell 110 based on the voltage of the battery cell 110; operation S102, identifying the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell 110 using the battery curve P; and operation S103, managing a charging curve for charging the battery cell 110 based on the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes. According to one embodiment, the operation of the battery management device 200 may be performed by a controller 220.

[0123] In operation S101, the controller 220 can calculate the battery curve P, which is related to the voltage and capacity of the battery cell 110, based on the voltage of the battery cell 110. In this document, the voltage of the battery cell 110 can be acquired by the acquisition unit 210.

[0124] In operation S102, the controller 220 can identify the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell 110 using the battery curve P. According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can calculate the degree of positive electrode degradation and the degree of negative electrode degradation of the battery cell 110 using the battery curve P. According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can separate the positive electrode curve Q1 and the negative electrode curve Q2 from the battery curve P, and calculate the degree of positive electrode degradation and the degree of negative electrode degradation based on the degree to which the capacity of the positive electrode curve Q1 and the negative electrode curve Q2 decreases compared to the capacity of a reference positive electrode curve and a reference negative electrode curve. The controller 220 can then identify the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes based on the degree of positive electrode degradation and the degree of negative electrode degradation.

[0125] In operation S103, the controller 220 can manage the charging curve for charging the battery cell 110 based on the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes.

[0126] Figure 11 is an operation flowchart of a battery management device according to an embodiment disclosed herein.

[0127] Referring to Figure 11, the battery management method may include: operation S201, determining the primary degradation state that has a greater impact on the degradation of battery cell 110 between the degradation state of the positive electrode and the degradation state of the negative electrode of battery cell 110; operation S202, when the primary degradation state is the degradation state of the positive electrode, managing the charging curve for charging battery cell 110 based on a first charging curve QC1 associated with battery cell 110; operation S203, when the primary degradation state is the degradation state of the negative electrode, managing the charging curve for charging battery cell 110 based on a second charging curve QC2 reflecting the degradation state of the negative electrode; operation S204, calculating the second charging curve QC2 by reducing the charging current of the first charging curve QC1 to the degree of degradation of the negative electrode; and operation S205, calculating the second charging curve QC2 by reducing the charging capacity of the first charging curve QC1 to the degree of degradation of the negative electrode.

[0128] In operation S201, the controller 220 can determine the primary degradation state that has a greater impact on the degradation of the battery cell 110 than the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes. According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can determine the degradation state of the electrode with a higher degree of degradation than the degree of degradation of the positive electrode and the negative electrode as the primary degradation state.

[0129] In operation S202, when the main degradation state is a positive electrode degradation state, the controller 220 can manage the charging curve for charging the battery cell 110 based on the first charging curve QC1 associated with the battery cell 110. According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can fast charge the battery cell 110 by managing the charging curve while maintaining the fast charging curve in the BoL state of the battery cell 110.

[0130] In operation S203, when the main degradation state is a negative electrode degradation state, the controller 220 can manage the charging curve for charging the battery cell 110 based on a second charging curve QC2, which is a charging curve reflecting the degradation state of the negative electrode. According to one embodiment, the controller 220 can fast charge the battery cell 110 by using the second charging curve QC2, which changes the fast charging curve of the battery cell 110 in its BoL state.

[0131] In operation S204, the controller 220 can reduce the negative electrode degradation degree by reducing the charging current of the first charging curve QC1, thereby calculating the second charging curve QC2.

[0132] In operation S205, the controller 220 can reduce the negative electrode degradation degree by reducing the charging capacity of the first charging curve QC1, thereby calculating the second charging curve QC2.

[0133] Figure 12 is a block diagram illustrating the hardware configuration of a computing system for performing an operation method of a battery management device according to an embodiment disclosed herein.

[0134] Referring to FIG12, a computing system 2000 according to an embodiment disclosed herein may include a microcontroller unit (MCU) 2010, a memory 2020, an input / output interface (I / F) 2030, and a communication I / F 2040.

[0135] The MCU 2010 may be a processor that executes various programs stored in the memory 2020 (e.g., battery cell characteristic data collection program, battery curve generation program, battery cell diagnostic program, etc.), processes various information including battery cell characteristic data and battery cell state data through these programs, and performs the aforementioned functions of the controller 220 included in the battery management device 200 shown in FIG12.

[0136] The memory 2020 can store various programs executed by the MCU 2010, such as battery cell characteristic data collection programs, battery curve generation programs, and battery cell diagnostic programs. The memory 2020 can store various information, including battery cell characteristic data, battery cell status data, battery cell parameters, and battery degradation level.

[0137] Multiple memory units 2020 can be configured as needed. Memory units 2020 can be volatile or non-volatile. For memory units 2020 as volatile memory, random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), static RAM (SRAM), etc., can be used. For memory units 2020 as non-volatile memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically modifiable ROM (EAROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), flash memory, etc., can be used. The examples of memory units 2020 listed above are merely examples and are not limited to these.

[0138] The Input / Output I / F 2030 can provide an interface for sending and receiving data by connecting input devices (not shown) such as a keyboard, mouse, touch panel, etc. and output devices such as a display (not shown) to the MCU 2010.

[0139] The communication I / F 2040, which is a component capable of sending various types of data to and receiving various types of data from a server, can be any type of device capable of supporting wired or wireless communication. For example, the battery management device 200 can send and receive various information about individual battery cells, including SOC, OCV, parameters, etc., from a separately configured external server via the communication I / F 2040.

[0140] Therefore, a computer program according to one embodiment disclosed herein can be recorded in memory 2020 and processed by MCU 2010, and thus implemented as a module to perform the functions shown in FIG2.

[0141] Although all components constituting the embodiments disclosed herein have been described above as operating as a whole or in combination, the embodiments disclosed herein are not necessarily limited to these embodiments. That is, within the scope of the objectives of the embodiments disclosed herein, all components can operate by being selectively combined into one or more.

[0142] Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, terms such as “comprising,” “constituting,” or “having” as described above may mean that the corresponding component may be inherent, and therefore should be understood to further include, rather than exclude, other components. Unless otherwise defined, all terms including technical or scientific terms have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Commonly used terms, such as those defined in dictionaries, should be interpreted as having the same meaning as in the context of the relevant art, and should not be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning unless clearly defined in this document.

[0143] The foregoing disclosure may broadly illustrate features of several embodiments to allow those skilled in the art to better understand various aspects of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that they can readily use this disclosure as a basis for designing or modifying other structures to perform the same purposes or achieve the same advantages as the embodiments described herein. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that such equivalent configurations must not depart from the scope of this disclosure, and various changes, substitutions, and modifications may be made herein without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0144] [Explanation of reference numerals for the main elements of the accompanying drawings]

[0145] 100: Battery cell module

[0146] 110, 120, 130, 140: Individual battery cells

[0147] 200: Battery Management Device

[0148] 300: Relay

[0149] 210: Acquisition Unit

[0150] 220: Controller

[0151] 1000: Battery cell pack

[0152] 2000: Computing Systems

[0153] 2010: MCU

[0154] 2020: Memory

[0155] 2030: Input / Output I / F

[0156] 2040: Communication I / F

Claims

1. A battery management device, comprising: An acquisition unit, configured to acquire the voltage of a single battery cell; And a controller configured to: calculate a battery curve related to the voltage and capacity of the battery cell based on the voltage of the battery cell; identify the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell by using the battery curve; and manage a charging curve for charging the battery cell based on the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes.

2. The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to: calculate the degree of positive electrode degradation and the degree of negative electrode degradation based on the battery curve, wherein the degree of positive electrode degradation is the degree of positive electrode degradation of the battery cell, and the degree of negative electrode degradation is the degree of negative electrode degradation of the battery cell; and identify the degradation state of the positive electrode and the negative electrode based on the degree of positive electrode degradation and the degree of negative electrode degradation.

3. The battery management device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is further configured to: separate a positive electrode curve and a negative electrode curve from the battery curve; and calculate the degree of positive electrode degradation and the degree of negative electrode degradation based on the degree to which the capacity of the positive electrode curve and the negative electrode curve is reduced compared to the capacity of a reference positive electrode curve and a reference negative electrode curve.

4. The battery management device of claim 2, wherein the controller is further configured to: determine, among the degradation states of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell, a primary degradation state that has a greater impact on the degradation of the battery cell; and manage the charging curve based on the primary degradation state.

5. The battery management device of claim 4, wherein the controller is further configured to determine the degradation state of the electrode having a greater degree of degradation of the positive electrode and the negative electrode as the primary degradation state.

6. The battery management device of claim 4, wherein the controller is further configured to manage a charging curve for charging the battery cell based on a first charging curve associated with the battery cell when the primary degradation state is the degradation state of the positive electrode.

7. The battery management device of claim 6, wherein the first charging curve includes a charging curve related to the life start state of the battery cell.

8. The battery management device of claim 4, wherein the controller is further configured to manage a charging curve for charging the battery cell based on a second charging curve reflecting the degradation state of the negative electrode when the primary degradation state is the degradation state of the negative electrode.

9. The battery management device of claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to calculate a second charging curve by reducing the degree of negative electrode degradation by means of the charging current of the first charging curve, based on a first charging curve indicating a charging current corresponding to the capacity of the battery cell in relation to the life start state of the battery cell.

10. The battery management device of claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to calculate a second charging curve by reducing the negative electrode degradation degree by the capacity of the first charging curve based on a first charging curve indicating a charging current corresponding to the capacity of the battery cell in relation to the life start state of the battery cell.

11. The battery management device of claim 1, wherein the charging curve indicates the correspondence between the charging current of the battery cell for fast charging the battery cell and the capacity.

12. A battery management method, comprising: The battery curve is calculated based on the voltage of the individual battery cell, relating to the voltage and capacity of the individual battery cell. The battery curve is used to identify the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell; and the charging curve for charging the battery cell is managed based on the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes.

13. The battery management method according to claim 12, wherein identifying the degradation state of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell comprises: The degree of degradation of the positive electrode and the degree of degradation of the negative electrode are calculated based on the battery curve, wherein the degree of degradation of the positive electrode of the battery cell is the degree of degradation of the negative electrode of the battery cell; and the degradation state of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is identified based on the degree of degradation of the positive electrode and the degree of degradation of the negative electrode.

14. The battery management method according to claim 13, wherein calculating the degree of degradation of the positive electrode and the degree of degradation of the negative electrode includes: The positive electrode curve and the negative electrode curve are separated from the battery curve; and the degree of degradation of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is calculated based on the degree of capacity reduction of the positive electrode curve and the negative electrode curve compared with the capacity of the reference positive electrode curve and the reference negative electrode curve.

15. The battery management method according to claim 13, wherein managing the charging curve includes: Among the degradation states of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell, determine the primary degradation state that has a greater impact on the degradation of the battery cell. And the charging curve is managed based on the main degradation state.

16. The battery management method of claim 15, wherein determining the primary degradation state comprises determining the degradation state of an electrode having a greater degradation degree among the positive electrode degradation degree and the negative electrode degradation degree as the primary degradation state.

17. The battery management method of claim 15, wherein managing the charging curve includes, when the primary degradation state is the degradation state of the positive electrode, managing a charging curve for charging the battery cell based on a first charging curve associated with the battery cell.

18. The battery management method of claim 15, wherein managing the charging curve includes, when the primary degradation state is the degradation state of the negative electrode, managing a charging curve for charging the battery cell based on a second charging curve reflecting the degradation state of the negative electrode.

19. The battery management method of claim 18, further comprising calculating a second charging curve based on a first charging curve indicating a charging current corresponding to the capacity of the battery cell in relation to the life start state of the battery cell, by reducing the degree of negative electrode degradation by the charging current of the first charging curve.

20. The battery management method of claim 18, further comprising calculating a second charging curve by reducing the negative electrode degradation degree by using a first charging curve based on a first charging curve indicating a charging current corresponding to the capacity of the battery cell in relation to the life start state of the battery cell.

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