Method for preventing and controlling tomato bemisia tabaci by using nesidiocoris tenuis

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling tomato bemisia tabaci by using nesidiocoris tenuis, and relates to the technical field of pest prevention and control. The method comprises the following steps: S1, raising seedlings of tomatoes, and transplanting 20-25 days after raising the seedlings; s2, according to an intercropping mode that two rows of kidney bean planting belts are arranged every 3-4 rows of tomatoes, the kidney beans are arranged in a staggered mode and planted in different periods; s3, after tomato seedlings are planted, the density of the nesidiocoris tenuis in the kidney bean planting zone and the density of bemisia tabaci on tomato plants are monitored in real time, and the nesidiocoris tenuis is supplemented according to the monitored value; s4, performing field management. According to the method, the kidney beans and the tomatoes are intercropped, the kidney beans are used for providing a good survival and inhabitation environment for the nesidiocoris tenuis, good disease and pest prevention and control can be achieved in the whole growth period of the tomatoes, meanwhile, the yield of the tomatoes and the kidney beans can be improved, and economic benefits are increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of pest control technology, and in particular to a method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug. Background Technology

[0002] Tomatoes are susceptible to mixed infestations of various pests during their growth cycle, such as the whitefly. These pests reproduce rapidly, are highly adaptable, and can also transmit viruses, posing a serious threat to tomato yield and quality and presenting a significant challenge to pest control. Conventional control methods primarily involve the use of chemical pesticides; however, years of use have led to varying degrees of resistance in whiteflies to multiple insecticides. Therefore, relying solely on chemical pesticides is no longer very effective.

[0003] The tobacco mirid bug, belonging to the family Miridae in the order Hemiptera, is a major natural enemy of the tobacco whitefly. It is highly predatory, adaptable, and mobile, and has a strong predatory effect on adult and nymphal whiteflies, eggs or young larvae of lepidopteran insects, and spider mites (such as the carmine spider mite and the two-spotted spider mite). Using tobacco mirid bugs to control tobacco whiteflies is a highly efficient, ecological, and safe method that can compensate for the shortcomings of chemical control. However, in the process of using tobacco mirid bugs to control tobacco whiteflies, the number of mirid bugs needs to be matched with the outbreak rhythm of the tobacco whiteflies to achieve a stable control effect; otherwise, control will be delayed. Patent CN119547678A discloses a method for controlling tomato leafminer using companion plants. Sesame provides a nutrient source and shelter for the tobacco leafminer, enhancing its pest control ability. However, it does not consider that the plant cannot provide a stable place for the tobacco leafminer in the early stage of transplanting or after the sesame enters the senescence stage, thus failing to achieve a good pest control effect and affecting the yield of tomatoes and sesame, as well as the economic benefits.

[0004] Therefore, there is currently a lack of a method for controlling tomato whiteflies that can achieve effective pest control and increase crop yield. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug. This application utilizes intercropping of kidney beans and tomatoes, providing a favorable habitat for the tobacco mirid bug with the kidney beans. This enables effective pest and disease control throughout the tomato's entire growth cycle, while simultaneously improving the yields of both tomatoes and kidney beans, thus increasing economic benefits.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: A method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug includes the following steps: S1. Raise tomato seedlings, and transplant them after 20-25 days of seedling cultivation. S2. Following the intercropping pattern of "setting up 2 rows of green beans for every 3-4 rows of tomatoes", the green beans are staggered and planted at different times. Sow the first batch of green beans. 10-15 days after emergence, directly inoculate 4-5 instar tobacco mirid bug nymphs onto the green bean seedlings, inoculating 1-2 nymphs onto each green bean seedling. When the green bean seedlings have grown to 3-4 true leaves, transplant the tomato seedlings. Sow the second batch of green beans 25-28 days after transplanting the tomato seedlings. S3. After the tomato seedlings are transplanted, monitor the density of mirid bugs in the bean planting area and the density of whiteflies on the tomato plants in real time, and re-graft mirid bugs according to the monitoring values. S4. Conduct field management.

[0007] This application employs an intercropping method between kidney beans and tomatoes to control tomato whiteflies. Kidney beans are planted before tomato transplanting to ensure that the whiteflies provide the necessary food and habitat for the plants before transplanting, preventing them from preying on tomato seedlings due to food shortages. A low-density whitefly population is introduced in advance, and by controlling the timing and density of this introduction, the whiteflies are ensured to complete their adaptation and reproduction before tomato transplanting, forming a sizable natural enemy population, thus controlling whiteflies in the early stages of tomato seedling growth. Furthermore, since tomatoes have a longer growth cycle than kidney beans, staggered planting of kidney beans extends their growth cycle, ensuring stable breeding grounds for whiteflies in the later stages of tomato growth and maintaining a stable whitefly population, thus controlling whiteflies in the later stages of tomato growth. Through these methods, the whitefly population can be ensured to cover the entire tomato growth cycle as much as possible, solving the problem of gaps in control between early and late stages in existing technologies.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S1 of the above method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug, tomato seedlings are raised in plug trays with substrate, and carbendazim is added to the substrate for disinfection (50-60g per cubic meter); after 20-25 days of seedling raising, the tomato seedlings are transplanted when they have grown to 4-6 true leaves.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S1 of the above method for controlling tomato whiteflies using tobacco mirid bugs, the substrate contains 1-1.5 parts of fennel powder, 3-6 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 10-20 parts of attapulgite, 10-20 parts of straw, and 50-70 parts of vermiculite.

[0010] The carboxymethyl cellulose in the matrix is ​​the same as the carboxymethyl cellulose in the following pharmaceuticals, so it will not be repeated here.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S1 of the above method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug, during the tomato seedling stage, when the tomato seedlings have grown to 2-3 true leaves and 1-2 days before transplanting, the agent is sprayed on both sides of the leaves, with a spraying amount of 50-100 mL per plant; the agent is prepared by mixing fennel decoction (containing 0.8-1.2% fennel powder) and glycidyl methacrylate modified carboxymethyl cellulose at a mass ratio of 100:(1.5-2); The fennel decoction is obtained by simmering fennel powder in water (which also contains 0.5-1% ethanol) for 20-30 minutes, and the fennel decoction contains 0.8-1.2 wt% fennel powder. The glycidyl methacrylate-modified carboxymethyl cellulose was prepared by the following method: Carboxymethyl cellulose (carboxymethyl substitution degree of 0.35-0.5, molecular weight of 100,000-150,000) is dispersed in sufficient water, the pH is adjusted to 9-11, glycidyl methacrylate is added, the mass ratio of carboxymethyl cellulose to glycidyl methacrylate is 10:(1-2), and 0.3-0.5% of triethylamine by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose is added. The reaction is carried out at 50-60℃ for 3-5 hours. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, dialyzed and dried to obtain the final product.

[0012] Adding fennel powder to the substrate can prevent whiteflies from harming tomato seedlings during the seedling stage without affecting their growth, and reduces the risk of whitefly nymphs or eggs being introduced into the greenhouse during transplanting. To prevent premature whitefly outbreaks in the greenhouse before transplanting, where the number of mirid bugs is insufficient to prey on large numbers of whiteflies, a foliar spray containing fennel extract is applied before transplanting. This pesticide, with the addition of glycidyl methacrylate-modified carboxymethyl cellulose, significantly increases the pesticide's retention on the leaf surface and prolongs the protective period for the plants. This combination of methods delays whitefly infestation in the greenhouse compared to conventional greenhouse methods and greatly reduces the risk of whitefly outbreaks.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2 of the above method for controlling tomato whiteflies using tobacco mirid bugs, kidney beans are planted in flat beds 1-1.2m wide; before planting kidney beans, the planting area is plowed and prepared, and the soil is disinfected to kill adult whiteflies, nymphs, eggs, etc. hidden in the soil; before sowing, kidney bean seeds are soaked in warm water at 40-50℃ for 2-3 hours, and then soaked in gibberellin solution for 12-24 hours. After being taken out and drained, they are sown in holes with a spacing of 30-35cm, with 3-4 seeds per hole; The first and second batches of kidney beans were planted in staggered rows with a row spacing of 30-40cm.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2 of the above method for controlling tomato whiteflies using tobacco mirid bugs, tomatoes are planted in flat beds 1.5-1.8m wide, with a plant spacing of 35-45cm and a row spacing of 40-60cm within the bed; the distance between the adjacent edges of the bean planting strip and the tomato planting strip is 30-50cm.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above steps of using the tobacco mirid bug to control tomato whiteflies, if the tomato plants wilt, the leaves turn yellow and cannot recover, or dry out directly 3-7 days after transplanting, timely replanting is necessary; When green beans are planted 7-10 days later, thin them out as needed, leaving 1-2 strong seedlings per hole, and replanting in time where there are missing seedlings.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S3 of the above method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug, the real-time monitoring process is as follows: after the tomato seedlings are transplanted, yellow sticky traps are hung for early warning, and monitoring is conducted every 10m. 2 Hang one yellow sticky trap at a height of 50cm above the tomato planting area. Once adult whiteflies are found, inspect the tomato plant leaves daily. When there are more than 2 whiteflies on the yellow trap and more than 10 whiteflies per plant, reduce the incidence rate to 2-3 whiteflies / m². 2 Release tobacco mirid bugs into the greenhouse at a certain density; ensure that the density of tobacco mirid bugs in the tomato planting area is ≥0.8 per plant 10-15 days before the tomato fruiting period to increase predation pressure and avoid a surge in tobacco whitefly density during the fruiting period; If the density of mirid bugs on kidney bean plants is greater than 10 per plant 10-15 days before the tomato fruiting period, there is no need to re-graft the mirid bugs. Instead, remove some of the kidney bean flower spikes so that each plant retains 3-4 healthy flower spikes to reduce the food source for mirid bugs and control their population size.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S4 of the above-mentioned method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug, the tomato field management adopts conventional field management methods well known to those skilled in the art, which will not be elaborated here.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S4 of the above method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug, during the field management of kidney beans, compound fertilizer is applied in strips in the kidney bean planting area at the initial flowering stage and after the first batch of pods is harvested. The method of applying the compound fertilizer is as follows: make shallow furrows between two rows of kidney beans in each bed, and evenly spread the compound fertilizer, applying 18-20 kg per acre; care should be taken to avoid the kidney beans to prevent the plants from being burned by high concentrations of fertilizer. Apart from this, all other conventional field management methods are used.

[0019] Furthermore, the above-mentioned compound fertilizer contains, by weight, 4-5 parts of superphosphate or triple superphosphate, 4-5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 88-90 parts of well-rotted cake fertilizer, 0.2-0.3 parts of riboflavin, and 0.05-0.1 parts of folic acid; the well-rotted cake fertilizer is commercially available well-rotted cake fertilizer, such as peanut cake fertilizer, sesame cake fertilizer, etc.

[0020] This application involves applying compound fertilizer to the roots of kidney beans during the initial flowering stage and after the first harvest of pods. The components of this compound fertilizer work synergistically to provide long-term and stable fertilization for the growth of kidney bean plants. This ensures that flowering and pollination are promoted and pod setting rate is increased during the initial flowering stage. It also helps to quickly replenish nutrients after pod harvest, delays plant senescence, extends the growing season of kidney beans, and ensures the stability of mirid bug breeding sites in tomatoes, preventing the transfer of natural enemies to tomatoes due to premature aging of kidney beans. In addition, the application of this compound fertilizer also helps to improve soil aeration and water and fertilizer retention, promotes root development of kidney beans, and increases kidney bean yield.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. This application provides a method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug. By intercropping kidney beans and tomatoes, the kidney beans provide a good living and habitat environment for the tobacco mirid bug, which can achieve good pest and disease control throughout the entire growth cycle of tomatoes, while also improving the yield of both tomatoes and kidney beans, thus increasing economic benefits.

[0022] 2. This application achieves whitefly control in the early stages of tomato seedling growth by planting kidney beans before tomato transplanting and introducing low-density whiteflies in advance, and by controlling the timing and density of whitefly introduction, ensuring that a certain size of the whitefly population is formed before tomato transplanting. The staggered planting of kidney beans extends the growth cycle of kidney beans, ensuring the stability of the whitefly population in the later stages of tomato growth, and achieving whitefly control in the later stages of tomato growth.

[0023] 3. The addition of fennel powder to the substrate used for tomato seedling cultivation in this application can prevent whiteflies from harming tomato seedlings during the seedling stage and reduce the risk of whitefly nymphs or eggs being brought into the greenhouse during transplanting; and spraying the leaves with an fennel-containing agent before transplanting can significantly increase the retention of the agent on the leaf surface and prolong the protection period for the plant.

[0024] 4. This application involves applying compound fertilizer to the roots of kidney beans during the initial flowering stage and after the first batch of pods is harvested. This not only ensures that flowering and pollination are promoted and the pod setting rate is increased during the initial flowering stage, but also ensures that nutrients are quickly replenished after pod harvest, delays plant senescence, extends the growth period of kidney beans, and further ensures the stability of mirid bug breeding sites in the later stages of tomato growth, avoiding the transfer of natural enemies to harm tomatoes due to premature aging of kidney beans. In addition, the application of this compound fertilizer also helps to improve soil aeration and water and fertilizer retention, promotes root development of kidney beans, and increases kidney bean yield. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the intercropping method of kidney beans and tomatoes in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 2 This refers to the presence of tobacco mirid bugs and tobacco whiteflies on tomato plants. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following non-limiting embodiments are intended to enable those skilled in the art to gain a more comprehensive understanding of this application, but do not limit this application in any way. The following content is merely an exemplary description of the scope of protection claimed in this application, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the invention based on the disclosed content, which should also fall within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0027] The present application will be further described below by way of specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, all chemical reagents used in the embodiments of this application are obtained through conventional commercial means.

[0028] Example 1 A method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug includes the following steps: S1. Tomato seedlings are raised in plug trays using a substrate containing 1 part fennel powder, 6 parts carboxymethyl cellulose, 10 parts attapulgite, 10 parts straw, and 70 parts vermiculite. Carbendazim is added to the substrate for disinfection (50g per cubic meter). Tomato seedlings are transplanted when they have 4-6 true leaves. During tomato seedling cultivation, when the tomato seedlings have 2-3 true leaves, spray 50 mL of the pesticide on both sides of the leaves, and spray 100 mL of the pesticide on both sides of the leaves one day before transplanting. The pesticide is prepared by the following method: Anise powder with a mass fraction of 0.8 wt% is placed in water (the water also contains 0.5% ethanol) and boiled for 30 min in the anise decoction. Carboxymethyl cellulose (carboxymethyl substitution degree of 0.5, molecular weight of 150,000) is dispersed in sufficient water, the pH is adjusted to 11, glycidyl methacrylate is added, the mass ratio of carboxymethyl cellulose to glycidyl methacrylate is 10:2, and 0.5% of triethylamine by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose is added. The reaction is carried out at 60℃ for 3 h. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, dialyzed, and dried to obtain glycidyl methacrylate-modified carboxymethyl cellulose. Then, the anise decoction and glycidyl methacrylate-modified carboxymethyl cellulose are prepared at a mass ratio of 100:2.

[0029] S2. Following the intercropping pattern of "setting up 2 rows of green beans for every 3 rows of tomatoes," the green beans are staggered in placement and planting at different times. See below for specific planting methods. Figure 1 Sow the first batch of kidney beans. Ten days after emergence, inoculate the kidney bean seedlings with 4th-5th instar nymphs of the tobacco mirid bug, one bug per seedling. When the kidney bean seedlings have grown to 3-4 true leaves, transplant tomato seedlings. Sow the second batch of kidney beans 25 days after transplanting the tomato seedlings. Kidney beans are planted in flat beds 1-1.2m wide. Before planting, the planting area is plowed and prepared, and the soil is disinfected to kill adult whiteflies, nymphs, and eggs hidden in the soil. Before sowing, the kidney bean seeds are soaked in 40℃ warm water for 3 hours, then soaked in gibberellin solution for 12 hours. After draining, they are sown in holes with a spacing of 30-35cm between holes, with 3-4 seeds per hole. The first and second batches of kidney beans are planted alternately with a row spacing of 30-40cm. Tomatoes are planted in flat beds 1.5-1.8m wide, with a plant spacing of 35-45cm and a row spacing of 40-60cm within the bed; the distance between the adjacent edges of the bean planting strip and the tomato planting strip is 30-50cm.

[0030] S3. Yellow sticky traps are placed every 10m as a warning after tomato seedlings are transplanted. 2Hang one yellow sticky trap at a height of 50cm above the tomato planting area. Once adult whiteflies are found, inspect the tomato plant leaves daily. When there are more than 2 whiteflies on the yellow trap and more than 10 whiteflies per plant, reduce the incidence rate to 2-3 whiteflies / m². 2 Release tobacco mirid bugs into the greenhouse at a certain density; ensure that the density of tobacco mirid bugs in the tomato planting area is ≥0.8 per plant 10-15 days before the tomato fruiting period to increase predation pressure and avoid a surge in tobacco whitefly density during the fruiting period; If the density of mirid bugs on kidney bean plants is greater than 10 per plant 10-15 days before the tomato fruiting period, there is no need to re-graft the mirid bugs. Instead, remove some of the kidney bean flower spikes so that each plant retains 3-4 healthy flower spikes to reduce the food source for mirid bugs and control their population size.

[0031] S4. Conduct routine field management.

[0032] As shown in Figure 2, during the field planting process of tomato plants where tobacco mirid bugs were used to control tobacco whiteflies in Example 1, images of tobacco mirid bugs and tobacco whiteflies on the plants are presented.

[0033] Example 2 A method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug includes the following steps: S1. Tomato seedlings are raised in plug trays using a substrate containing 1.5 parts fennel powder, 3 parts carboxymethyl cellulose, 20 parts attapulgite, 20 parts straw, and 50 parts vermiculite. Carbendazim is added to the substrate for disinfection (60g per cubic meter). Tomato seedlings are transplanted when they have 4-6 true leaves. During tomato seedling cultivation, when the tomato seedlings have 2-3 true leaves, spray 50 mL of the pesticide on both sides of the leaves, and spray 100 mL of the pesticide on both sides of the leaves 2 days before transplanting. The pesticide is prepared by the following method: Anise powder with a mass fraction of 1.2 wt% is placed in water (the water also contains 1% ethanol) and boiled for 20 min to obtain the anise decoction; carboxymethyl cellulose (carboxymethyl substitution degree of 0.35, molecular weight of 100,000) is dispersed in sufficient water, the pH is adjusted to 9, glycidyl methacrylate is added, the mass ratio of carboxymethyl cellulose to glycidyl methacrylate is 10:1, and 0.3% of triethylamine by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose is added. The mixture is reacted at 50℃ for 5 h; after the reaction is complete, it is cooled to room temperature, dialyzed, and dried to obtain glycidyl methacrylate-modified carboxymethyl cellulose; then the anise decoction and glycidyl methacrylate-modified carboxymethyl cellulose are prepared at a mass ratio of 100:1.2.

[0034] S2. Following the intercropping pattern of "setting up 2 rows of green beans for every 3 rows of tomatoes," the green beans are staggered in placement and planting at different times. See below for specific planting methods. Figure 1Sow the first batch of kidney beans. Ten days after emergence, inoculate the kidney bean seedlings with 4th-5th instar nymphs of the tobacco mirid bug, one bug per seedling. When the kidney bean seedlings have grown to 3-4 true leaves, transplant tomato seedlings. Sow the second batch of kidney beans 28 days after transplanting the tomato seedlings. Kidney beans are planted in flat beds 1-1.2m wide. Before planting, the planting area is plowed and prepared, and the soil is disinfected to kill adult whiteflies, nymphs, and eggs hidden in the soil. Before sowing, the kidney bean seeds are soaked in 40℃ warm water for 3 hours, then soaked in gibberellin solution for 12 hours. After draining, they are sown in holes with a spacing of 30-35cm between holes, with 3-4 seeds per hole. The first and second batches of kidney beans are planted alternately with a row spacing of 30-40cm. Tomatoes are planted in flat beds 1.5-1.8m wide, with a plant spacing of 35-45cm and a row spacing of 40-60cm within the bed; the distance between the adjacent edges of the bean planting strip and the tomato planting strip is 30-50cm.

[0035] S3. Yellow sticky traps are placed every 10m as a warning after tomato seedlings are transplanted. 2 Hang one yellow sticky trap at a height of 50cm above the tomato planting area. Once adult whiteflies are found, inspect the tomato plant leaves daily. When there are more than 2 whiteflies on the yellow trap and more than 10 whiteflies per plant, reduce the incidence rate to 2-3 whiteflies / m². 2 Release tobacco mirid bugs into the greenhouse at a certain density; ensure that the density of tobacco mirid bugs in the tomato planting area is ≥0.8 per plant 10-15 days before the tomato fruiting period to increase predation pressure and avoid a surge in tobacco whitefly density during the fruiting period; If the density of mirid bugs on kidney bean plants is greater than 10 per plant 10-15 days before the tomato fruiting period, there is no need to re-graft the mirid bugs. Instead, remove some of the kidney bean flower spikes so that each plant retains 3-4 healthy flower spikes to reduce the food source for mirid bugs and control their population size.

[0036] S4. Conduct routine field management.

[0037] Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that in the preparation of the drug in step S1, the mass ratio of carboxymethyl cellulose to glycidyl methacrylate in the drug is 10:5.

[0038] Example 4 The difference from Example 1 is that in the reagent of step S1, the glycidyl methacrylate modified carboxymethyl cellulose in the reagent is replaced with an equal amount of carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0039] Example 5 The difference from Example 1 lies in the application of compound fertilizer in the field management of kidney beans. During the initial flowering stage and after the first harvest of pods, compound fertilizer is applied in strips within the kidney bean planting area. The application method is as follows: shallow furrows are dug between two rows of kidney beans in each bed, and the compound fertilizer is evenly spread at a rate of 18 kg per acre. Care is taken to avoid the kidney beans to prevent the high concentration of fertilizer from burning the plants. Apart from this, conventional field management methods are used. The compound fertilizer, by weight, contains: 4 parts superphosphate, 5 parts monoammonium phosphate, 88 parts peanut cake fertilizer, 0.3 parts riboflavin, and 0.1 parts folic acid.

[0040] Example 6 The difference from Example 1 is that, during the field management of kidney beans, compound fertilizer is applied in strips in the kidney bean planting area at the initial flowering stage and after the first batch of pods is harvested. The method of applying the compound fertilizer is as follows: a shallow trench is dug between two rows of kidney beans in each bed, and the compound fertilizer is evenly spread, with 20 kg applied per acre. Care should be taken to avoid the kidney beans to prevent the plants from being burned by high concentrations of fertilizer. Apart from this, all other conventional field management methods are used. The compound fertilizer contains, by weight, 5 parts of superphosphate, 4 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 90 parts of peanut cake fertilizer, 0.2 parts of riboflavin, and 0.05 parts of folic acid.

[0041] Example 7 The difference from Example 5 is that no riboflavin is added to the compound fertilizer.

[0042] Example 8 The difference from Example 5 is that folic acid is not added to the compound fertilizer.

[0043] Example 9 The difference from Example 5 is that the peanut cake fertilizer in the compound fertilizer is replaced by an equal amount of chicken manure.

[0044] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that in step S1, the agent is prepared directly from fennel powder and water (which also contains 0.5% ethanol) to form a 0.8 wt% mixture, and then mixed with glycidyl methacrylate modified carboxymethyl cellulose at a mass ratio of 100:2.

[0045] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that no pesticide is sprayed when the tomato seedlings have grown to 2-3 true leaves and 1-2 days before transplanting.

[0046] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that the nymphs of the tobacco mirid bug are not introduced 10-15 days after emergence, but when the kidney bean seedlings have grown to 3-4 true leaves.

[0047] Comparative Example 4 The difference from Example 1 is that the nymphs of the tobacco mirid bug were introduced 8 days after emergence.

[0048] Comparative Example 5 The difference from Example 1 is that the kidney beans were planted at the same time.

[0049] Experimental Example 1 This application selected a greenhouse experimental base to conduct experiments according to the methods provided in the above-described embodiments and comparative examples. The kidney bean variety used was Shuangqing 12, and the tomato variety was Dahongmingxing F1. The experiment began at the end of May. During the experiment, each method was tested in an independent area to avoid mutual interference. A control group was also set up, with tomatoes grown separately using conventional methods.

[0050] Field surveys were conducted starting the day after tomato transplanting, and were carried out every 7 days to investigate the population density of whiteflies on tomato plants and the number of mirid bugs on tomato and kidney bean plants. The total yield of tomatoes and kidney beans was also recorded, as well as the marketable fruit rate of tomatoes (the percentage of fruits without insect spots or viral diseases).

[0051] Method for testing the population density of whiteflies on tomato plants: Randomly select 10 tomato plants, count the number of adult whiteflies, nymphs and eggs on the leaves, calculate the average number of whiteflies per plant, and compare with the control group to calculate the population reduction rate. Method for testing the number of mirid bugs on tomato and green bean plants: Randomly select 10 green bean and tomato plants respectively, count the number of adult and nymph mirid bugs on the upper, middle and lower leaves of each plant, and calculate the average number of bugs per plant.

[0052] The results of the whitefly population density test on tomato plants are shown in Table 1 below. As shown in the table, in Examples 1-4, there were almost no whiteflies on the tomato plants in the early stage of transplanting (7 days). 28-56 days after transplanting, the control group showed obvious whitefly damage, while the number of whiteflies on the tomato plants in Examples 1-4 decreased significantly. In Comparative Examples 2 and 3, no pesticides were sprayed and the time for introducing the whitefly was too late, resulting in a certain scale of whiteflies appearing on the tomato plants 7 days after transplanting. During the whitefly outbreak, a sufficient number of whiteflies did not form, resulting in poor control. In Comparative Example 4, the time for introducing the whitefly was too early. Although good control was achieved in the early stage, the whitefly reproduced too quickly, leading to an excessive population and excessive consumption of kidney beans. This resulted in insufficient breeding grounds for the whiteflies in the later stages, a decrease in the number of whiteflies, and a reduction in their predation on whiteflies. This indicates that the combined effect of spraying pesticides before tomato transplanting and pre-inoculating bean plants with tobacco mirid bugs can effectively repel tobacco whiteflies after transplanting and establish a sufficient number of tobacco mirid bugs to achieve early control of tobacco whiteflies. In addition, tobacco whiteflies also appeared on the tomato plants in Example 4 and Comparative Example 1 in the early stages. This may be because the sprayed pesticide residue on the tomato leaves was insufficient to achieve a good repellent effect, thus affecting early control of tobacco whiteflies.

[0053] Table 1. Whitefly population density on tomato plants

[0054] Table 2 shows the test results of the number of whiteflies on tomato and green bean plants. It can be seen that, when planted using the method provided in this application, a certain number of whiteflies were found on tomato and green bean plants during the whitefly outbreak, achieving whitefly control throughout the entire tomato growth cycle. Compared to the examples, Comparative Example 3 introduced whiteflies too late, resulting in insufficient population formation in the early stages; Comparative Example 4 introduced whiteflies too early, causing rapid reproduction and affecting green bean growth, ultimately failing to provide sufficient space for the whiteflies, leading to insufficient whitefly populations later; in Comparative Example 5, the green beans were not planted at the correct time, and the green beans died during the later stages of tomato growth, failing to provide sufficient space for the whiteflies, also resulting in insufficient whitefly populations later, thus affecting subsequent pest and disease control.

[0055] Table 2. Number of mirid bugs on kidney bean and tomato plants

[0056] The yield results of tomatoes and green beans are shown in Table 3 below. It can be seen that the intercropping of tomatoes and green beans using the method provided in this application results in high yields. Compared to Example 1, the glycidyl methacrylate-modified carboxymethyl cellulose in the agents of Examples 3 and 4 is altered. In Comparative Example 1, the fennel powder in the agent was not decocted, leading to a decrease in its effectiveness. In Comparative Example 2, no agent was sprayed, resulting in an inability to achieve a good repellent effect against whiteflies, thus affecting the tomato yield. In Comparative Examples 3 and 4, the introduction of the tobacco mirid bug was too early or too late, affecting the control of whiteflies in the early or late stages, thus leading to a decrease in tomato yield and also affecting the yield of green beans.

[0057] Table 3. Yields of tomatoes and green beans

[0058] Experimental Example 2 Adhesion test of the agent Select plants with uniform growth and an area of ​​1 cm² 2 Tomato leaves were weighed and recorded as W0. The pesticide was evenly sprayed onto both sides of the leaves using a standardized sprayer, allowed to stand until no more droplets flowed down, and then weighed again as W1. The leaves were then rinsed with water at a rate of 20 mL / min for 1 minute, and weighed again after rinsing, recorded as W2. This process was repeated 5 times, and the average value was taken. Finally, the amount of pesticide held on the leaves and the retention rate on the leaves after rinsing were calculated. Foliar pesticide holding capacity = W1 - W0; Leaf surface retention rate after rinsing = (W2-W1) / W1×100%.

[0059] The results are shown in Table 4 below.

[0060] Table 4. Adhesiveness of the drug

[0061] It can be seen that the agent provided in this application has a good adhesion effect on tomato leaves. The agent can achieve a good repellency effect against whiteflies by remaining on the tomato leaves, thereby solving the defect of poor early pest and disease control in the prior art.

[0062] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, this application is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of this application without departing from the scope of this application should be within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Raise tomato seedlings, and transplant them after 20-25 days of seedling cultivation. S2. Following the intercropping pattern of "setting up 2 rows of green beans for every 3-4 rows of tomatoes", the green beans are staggered and planted at different times. Sow the first batch of green beans. 10-15 days after emergence, directly inoculate 4-5 instar tobacco mirid bug nymphs onto the green bean seedlings, inoculating 1-2 nymphs onto each green bean seedling. When the green bean seedlings have grown to 3-4 true leaves, transplant the tomato seedlings. Sow the second batch of green beans 25-28 days after transplanting the tomato seedlings. S3. After the tomato seedlings are transplanted, monitor the density of tobacco mirid bugs in the bean planting area and the density of tobacco whiteflies on the tomato plants in real time, and re-graft tobacco mirid bugs according to the monitoring values. S4. Conduct field management.

2. The method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tomato seedling raising steps in step S1 are as follows: Tomato seedlings are raised in plug trays with substrate, and carbendazim is added to the substrate for disinfection; after 20-25 days of raising the seedlings, the tomato seedlings are transplanted when they have grown to 4-6 true leaves.

3. The method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug according to claim 2, characterized in that, The matrix contains 1-1.5 parts fennel powder, 3-6 parts carboxymethyl cellulose, 10-20 parts attapulgite, 10-20 parts straw, and 50-70 parts vermiculite.

4. The method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug according to claim 2, characterized in that, During the tomato seedling stage, when the tomato seedlings have grown to 2-3 true leaves and 1-2 days before transplanting, spray the pesticide on both sides of the leaves. The amount of spraying is 50-100 mL per plant. The pesticide is prepared by mixing fennel decoction with glycidyl methacrylate modified carboxymethyl cellulose at a mass ratio of 100:(1.5-2). The fennel decoction is obtained by soaking fennel powder in water containing 0.5-1% ethanol for 20-30 minutes. The water also contains 0.5-1% ethanol, and the fennel decoction contains 0.8-1.2 wt% fennel powder.

5. The method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug according to claim 4, characterized in that, The glycidyl methacrylate-modified carboxymethyl cellulose was prepared by the following method: Disperse carboxymethyl cellulose in sufficient water, adjust the pH to 9-11, add glycidyl methacrylate, the mass ratio of carboxymethyl cellulose to glycidyl methacrylate is 10:(1-2), add 0.3-0.5% of triethylamine by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose, and react at 50-60℃ for 3-5 hours; after the reaction is complete, cool to room temperature, dialyze and dry to obtain the product.

6. The method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug according to claim 1, characterized in that, Kidney beans are planted in flat beds 1-1.2m wide. Before planting, the planting area should be plowed and prepared, and the soil should be disinfected to kill adult whiteflies, nymphs, and eggs hidden in the soil. Before sowing, the kidney bean seeds should be soaked in warm water at 40-50℃ for 2-3 hours, and then soaked in gibberellin solution for 12-24 hours. After soaking, they should be drained and sown in holes with a spacing of 30-35cm, with 3-4 seeds per hole. The first and second batches of kidney beans were planted in staggered rows with a row spacing of 30-40cm.

7. The method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug according to claim 1, characterized in that, Tomatoes are planted in flat beds 1.5-1.8m wide, with a plant spacing of 35-45cm and a row spacing of 40-60cm within the bed; the distance between the adjacent edges of the bean planting strip and the tomato planting strip is 30-50cm.

8. The method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug according to claim 1, characterized in that, Yellow sticky traps should be placed every 10 meters as a warning after the tomato seedlings are transplanted. 2 Hang one yellow sticky trap at a height of 50cm above the tomato planting area. Once adult whiteflies are found, inspect the tomato plant leaves daily. When there are more than 2 whiteflies on the yellow trap and more than 10 whiteflies per plant, reduce the incidence rate to 2-3 whiteflies / m². 2 Release tobacco mirid bugs into the greenhouse at a certain density; ensure that the density of tobacco mirid bugs in the tomato planting area is ≥0.8 per plant 10-15 days before the tomato fruiting period to increase predation pressure and avoid a surge in tobacco whitefly density during the fruiting period; If the density of mirid bugs on kidney bean plants is greater than 10 per plant 10-15 days before the tomato fruiting period, there is no need to re-graft the mirid bugs. Instead, remove some of the kidney bean flower spikes so that each plant retains 3-4 healthy flower spikes to reduce the food source for mirid bugs and control their population size.

9. The method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, during the field management of kidney beans, compound fertilizer is applied in strips in the kidney bean planting area at the initial flowering stage and after the first batch of pods are harvested. The method of applying compound fertilizer is as follows: make shallow furrows between two rows of kidney beans in each bed, and spread compound fertilizer evenly, applying 18-20 kg per mu.

10. The method for controlling tomato whiteflies using the tobacco mirid bug according to claim 9, characterized in that, The compound fertilizer contains, by weight, 4-5 parts of superphosphate or triple superphosphate, 4-5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 88-90 parts of well-rotted cake fertilizer, 0.2-0.3 parts of riboflavin, and 0.05-0.1 parts of folic acid.

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