Feed additive for preventing gout of goslings and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of poultry breeding, in particular to a feed additive for preventing gout of goslings, which comprises the following raw materials: rhizoma smilacis glabrae, polygonum cuspidatum, rhizoma alismatis, rhizoma dioscoreae septemlobae, bighead atractylodes rhizome, radix saposhnikoviae, radix angelicae pubescentis and lysimachia christinae hance. The preparation method comprises the following steps: slicing all the raw materials, weighing, crushing in a crusher, uniformly mixing, and sieving. The traditional Chinese medicine composition can solve the problems of drug residues and drug resistance caused by drug treatment in the prior art and the technical problems that the treatment effect on gout goslings is often not ideal, the gout onset risk of the goslings can be remarkably reduced, and meanwhile the growth performance of the goslings can be remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of poultry farming, and more particularly to a feed additive for preventing gout in goslings and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of my country's goose farming industry, gout in goslings has become increasingly prominent, becoming one of the important factors restricting the healthy development of the goose farming industry. Gout in goslings is a disease caused by disordered uric acid metabolism, leading to the large-scale deposition of urate in the body. The main symptoms include joint swelling, movement disorders, and urate deposition in internal organs.

[0003] Excessive protein content in feed is a significant factor contributing to gout in goslings. Excessive protein breakdown in the goose's body produces large amounts of uric acid, exceeding its metabolic capacity, leading to the accumulation of urate crystals and ultimately gout. An improper energy-to-protein ratio in feed also increases the risk of gout in geese. If energy supply is relatively insufficient while protein content is too high, the goose will use excessive protein for energy, resulting in excessive uric acid production. The protein content in the diet is closely related to the health of goslings; excessive protein easily triggers gout. For goslings aged 0-4 weeks, a protein level of around 15% is sufficient for normal growth and development. When the protein content in the gosling's diet exceeds 16%, the metabolic burden on the kidneys increases, easily leading to metabolic disorders. At this time, the uric acid level in the blood rises rapidly, exceeding the normal metabolic capacity of the kidneys. Uric acid that cannot be metabolized and excreted by the kidneys is converted into urate crystals, which gradually deposit on the joints, muscles, mesentery, peritoneum, and the surface of organs such as the kidneys and liver. As urate crystals accumulate, goslings can develop gout, a chronic metabolic disease that severely impacts their healthy growth.

[0004] Conversely, excessive energy intake can lead to decreased feed consumption and relatively insufficient protein intake in geese, affecting their normal metabolism and increasing the likelihood of gout. The quality and characteristics of certain feed ingredients are also closely related to the occurrence of gout in geese. For example, using untreated cottonseed meal or rapeseed meal as a protein source may contain anti-nutritional factors and toxins that could damage the liver and kidneys of geese, affecting uric acid metabolism and thus inducing gout. Furthermore, an imbalance in the mineral content of the feed, especially a calcium-to-phosphorus ratio, can disrupt the acid-base balance in geese, increasing the risk of urate deposition.

[0005] In goose farming, excessively high stocking densities restrict the geese's movement, easily leading to increased stress in the flock. Under stress, hormonal levels in geese change, affecting their normal physiological metabolic functions, particularly inhibiting kidney function. This obstructs uric acid excretion, causing urate crystals to accumulate in the body and triggering gout. Poor conditions in the goose house can easily become inducing factors for gout. The hygiene of the farming environment has a significant impact on the occurrence of gout in geese. Damp, poorly ventilated environments easily breed pathogens such as bacteria and mold. These pathogens, after infecting geese, may cause systemic infections or kidney diseases, damaging kidney function and affecting the normal excretion of uric acid. For example, excessively high ammonia concentrations in the goose house irritate the geese's respiratory tract and mucous membranes, reducing their immunity and increasing the likelihood of infection, thus indirectly inducing gout.

[0006] Several kidney diseases can directly impair kidney function in geese, leading to gout. For example, infection with infectious bursal disease virus (IBD) in geese can cause severe atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius, decreased immune function, and the virus can also damage the kidneys, causing them to swell, become pale, and fill the renal tubules and ureters with urate crystals, ultimately leading to gout. Furthermore, infections with bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella can also affect the kidneys if they cause systemic infection, leading to renal dysfunction, obstructing uric acid excretion, and triggering gout.

[0007] Some systemic diseases can also affect the metabolic function of geese, increasing the risk of gout. For example, geese infected with influenza viruses may exhibit symptoms such as fever, lethargy, and loss of appetite, leading to metabolic disorders, increased protein catabolism, and the production of large amounts of uric acid. Simultaneously, viral infection may affect kidney function, causing impaired uric acid excretion and thus triggering gout. Furthermore, geese suffering from parasitic diseases, such as tapeworm and coccidiosis, are also at risk. These parasites deprive geese of nutrients, damage the intestinal mucosa, and impair nutrient absorption, leading to weakness, abnormal metabolism, and increased susceptibility to gout. Goslings that survive gout infections often experience slow growth and poor development, reducing farming efficiency. The occurrence of gout in goslings is closely related not only to factors such as feed nutrition and husbandry management but also to factors such as viral infection and drug poisoning. Goose astrovirus is a newly emerging infectious disease pathogen in recent years, causing an outbreak of gout in goslings in major goose-raising areas of several provinces in my country. This virus primarily affects goslings under two weeks old, resulting in large amounts of urate deposits on the surface of internal organs and in the joint cavities of infected geese, with a mortality rate as high as 30% to 50%. Drug poisoning, particularly prolonged and high-dose use of sulfonamides, can cause kidney damage, hindering uric acid excretion and ultimately leading to gout.

[0008] Currently, the prevention and treatment of gout in goslings mainly involves adjusting feed formulations, improving feeding and management conditions, and using medication. However, these methods have certain limitations. For example, medication may lead to drug residues and drug resistance, and the treatment effect is often unsatisfactory for goslings that have already developed gout.

[0009] Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as a natural medicinal resource, boasts advantages such as wide availability, minimal side effects, and low likelihood of drug resistance, leading to its increasingly widespread application in the prevention and treatment of livestock and poultry diseases. Many TCM herbs possess properties such as clearing heat and detoxifying, promoting diuresis and relieving strangury, and regulating immunity, effectively improving animal metabolic function and promoting uric acid excretion, thereby playing a role in the prevention and treatment of gout. Therefore, finding a safe, effective, and green method for the prevention and treatment of gout based on TCM herbs is of great significance to the healthy development of the goose farming industry. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a feed additive for preventing gout in goslings and its preparation method, so as to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A feed additive for preventing gout in goslings comprises the following ingredients: Smilax glabra, Polygonum cuspidatum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Dioscorea hypoglauca, Atractylodes macrocephala, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Angelica pubescens, and Lysimachia christinae.

[0012] Furthermore, the ingredients include the following ingredients by weight: 3g of Smilax glabra, 3g of Polygonum cuspidatum, 3g of Alisma plantago-aquatica, 1.5g of Dioscorea hypoglauca, 1.5g of Atractylodes macrocephala, 1g of Saposhnikovia divaricata, 1g of Angelica pubescens, and 1g of Lysimachia christinae.

[0013] Furthermore, the ingredients include the following ingredients by weight: 6g of Smilax glabra, 6g of Polygonum cuspidatum, 6g of Alisma plantago-aquatica, 3g of Dioscorea hypoglauca, 3g of Atractylodes macrocephala, 2g of Saposhnikovia divaricata, 2g of Angelica pubescens, and 2g of Lysimachia christinae.

[0014] Furthermore, the feed additive is mixed with the feed at a dosage of 0.5g / gosling / day.

[0015] Furthermore, the feed additive is mixed with the feed at a dosage of 1g / gosling / day.

[0016] The feed additives mentioned herein are mixed with high-protein feeds for use.

[0017] A method for preparing a feed additive to prevent gout in goslings involves slicing all raw materials, weighing them, crushing and mixing them in a grinder, and then sieving them to obtain the final product.

[0018] Furthermore, the sieve mesh size is 200 mesh.

[0019] The raw materials used in this invention are as follows: Smilax glabra (Tufuling): The dried rhizome of Smilax glabra, a plant in the Liliaceae family; it is neutral in nature and sweet and bland in taste. It enters the Stomach and Liver meridians. It detoxifies, eliminates dampness, and promotes joint mobility; it belongs to the category of heat-clearing and dampness-drying herbs under the classification of heat-clearing herbs.

[0020] Polygonum cuspidatum: The dried rhizome and root of the Polygonum cuspidatum plant (family Polygonaceae); slightly cold in nature and slightly bitter in taste. It enters the liver, gallbladder, and lung meridians. Its functions include dispelling wind and dampness, dispersing blood stasis and relieving pain, and stopping cough and resolving phlegm; it belongs to the category of diuretic and jaundice-reducing drugs under the subclassification of diuretic and dampness-draining drugs. Dioscorea hypoglauca: The dried rhizome of Dioscorea hypoglauca, a plant in the Dioscoreaceae family; neutral in nature, bitter in taste; enters the kidney and stomach meridians. It clears dampness and turbidity, dispels wind and relieves numbness. It belongs to the diuretic and urinary tract clearing drugs category under the subclass of diuretic and dampness-clearing drugs. Atractylodes macrocephala: The dried rhizome of a plant in the Asteraceae family; warm in nature, sweet and bitter in taste. It enters the spleen and stomach meridians. Its functions include strengthening the spleen, replenishing qi, drying dampness and promoting diuresis, stopping sweating, and calming the fetus. It belongs to the qi-tonifying category of tonifying herbs. Angelica pubescens: The dried root of Angelica sinensis, a plant in the Apiaceae family; slightly warm in nature, pungent and bitter in taste. It enters the Kidney and Bladder meridians. It dispels wind and dampness, relieves pain and numbness. It belongs to the category of wind-dampness dispelling and cold-dispersing herbs under the subclass of wind-dampness dispelling herbs.

[0021] Alisma plantago-aquatica: The dried tuber of Alisma plantago-aquatica (family Alismataceae); cold in nature, sweet and bland in taste. It enters the kidney and bladder meridians. It promotes urination and clears damp-heat. It belongs to the diuretic and urination-clearing drugs category under the subclass of diuretic and dampness-draining drugs. Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia divaricata): The dried root of *Saposhnikovia divaricata*, a plant in the Apiaceae family; warm in nature, pungent and bitter in taste. It enters the bladder, liver, and kidney meridians. Its functions include dispelling wind, eliminating dampness, detoxifying, and relieving pain. It belongs to the category of pungent-warm exterior-releasing drugs under the subclass of exterior-releasing drugs.

[0022] Lysimachia christinae: The dried whole herb of Lysimachia christinae, a plant in the Primulaceae family; it is cool in nature and sweet and bland in taste. It enters the liver, kidney, and bladder meridians, clearing heat and dampness, promoting diuresis and relieving strangury. It belongs to the category of diuretic and strangury-relieving herbs under the subclassification of diuretic and dampness-draining herbs. The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are as follows: 1. The feed additive of the present invention can significantly reduce the concentration of uric acid and urea nitrogen, significantly reduce the risk of gout in goslings, and at the same time have a certain protective effect on kidney function, and can control creatinine within a reasonable range, thus having a significant advantage in preventing gout.

[0023] 2. The feed additive of the present invention, when applied to high-protein feed, can significantly improve the growth performance of goslings, increase average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain, reduce feed conversion ratio, effectively improve feed conversion rate, and enhance breeding efficiency and the health of goslings. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the age and anatomy of goslings that died from gout in the high-protein control group of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. However, it should be noted that many details listed in the specification are merely to provide the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the invention, and these aspects of the invention can be achieved even without these specific details.

[0026] Example 1 A feed additive for preventing gout in goslings comprises the following ingredients by weight: 3g of Smilax glabra, 3g of Polygonum cuspidatum, 3g of Alisma plantago-aquatica, 1.5g of Dioscorea hypoglauca, 1.5g of Atractylodes macrocephala, 1g of Saposhnikovia divaricata, 1g of Angelica pubescens, and 1g of Lysimachia christinae.

[0027] The preparation method of the feed additive for preventing gout in goslings is as follows: slice all raw materials, weigh them, put them into a grinder to grind and mix them evenly, and then pass them through a 200-sieve to obtain the final product.

[0028] Example 2 A feed additive for preventing gout in goslings comprises the following ingredients by weight: 6g of Smilax glabra, 6g of Polygonum cuspidatum, 6g of Alisma plantago-aquatica, 3g of Dioscorea hypoglauca, 3g of Atractylodes macrocephala, 2g of Saposhnikovia divaricata, 2g of Angelica pubescens, and 2g of Lysimachia christinae.

[0029] The preparation method of the feed additive for preventing gout in goslings is as follows: slice all raw materials, weigh them, put them into a grinder to grind and mix them evenly, and then pass them through a 200-sieve to obtain the final product.

[0030] 1. Aquaculture Experiment 1.1 Experimental Animals This experiment used healthy one-day-old Guangdong Lionhead geese goslings, purchased from a reputable breeding farm in Guangdong. After purchase, goslings of similar weight and size, as well as those in good health and spirits, were selected for the experiment. During the experiment, the goslings' spirits, feeding behavior, and fecal characteristics were closely observed to ensure they were healthy and free of abnormalities.

[0031] 1.2 Experimental Feed The experimental feeds were divided into basic protein feeds and high protein feeds. The raw material composition and nutritional level (air-dried basis) are shown in Table 1.

[0032] The basic protein feed has a protein content of 16.32%; the high-protein feed has a protein content of 22.18%. During the feed processing, 0.003% powdered probiotics are added to both the basic and high-protein feeds, and they are mixed strictly according to the formula ratio. The feed is stirred for 3 minutes using a feed mixer to ensure that the feed is completely mixed, and then fed according to the daily feeding amount.

[0033] Table 1. Composition and nutritional levels of the experimental diet (air-dried basis) The premix provides the following per kilogram of feed: Vitamin D 1 100 IU, Vitamin A 520 IU, Vitamin E 32 IU, Vitamin K 31.1 mg, Vitamin B1 2.3 mg, Vitamin B2 8.6 mg, Vitamin B6 4 mg. 12 1.0 mg, VB6 4.3 mg, Ca 7.5 mg, niacin 20 mg, folic acid 0.5 mg, biotin 0.04 mg, Cu 7.5 mg, Fe 56 mg, Zn 62 mg, Mn 112 mg, I 1.0 mg, Se 0.16 mg. 1.3 Experimental Group Design One hundred and twenty one-day-old Guangdong Lionhead goslings (half male and half female) were randomly divided into four groups: a basal protein control group (crude protein level of 16.32%, no feed additives), a high protein control group (crude protein level of 22.18%, no feed additives), a high protein herbal medicine group A (crude protein level of 22.18%, with feed additives from Example 1), and a high protein herbal medicine group B (crude protein level of 22.18%, with feed additives from Example 2). Each group had three replicates, with ten goslings (half male and half female) per replicate. The experimental period was 21 days.

[0034] 1.4 Experimental Feeding Management The amount of feed was adjusted according to the growth stage and feeding behavior of the goslings to ensure they received sufficient nutrition. Simultaneously, the goslings' mental state, feeding behavior, and fecal morphology were observed daily, and any abnormalities were promptly identified and recorded. At 1 day, 11 days, and 21 days of age, the goslings were weighed on an empty stomach (6 hours of fasting), and weight changes were recorded to analyze differences in growth performance among different treatment groups. Throughout the experiment, strict adherence to animal experimental ethics was maintained to minimize stress and suffering for the goslings and ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results. Feeding and management practices are shown in Table 2.

[0035] Table 2 Feeding and Management Design Table 1.5 Model Establishment On day 1 of the experiment, goslings in the high-protein control group, high-protein herbal medicine group A, and high-protein herbal medicine group B were fed a 22.18% high-protein diet, while the basal protein control group continued to be fed a 16.32% basal protein diet. Throughout the experimental period, goslings in the high-protein control group, high-protein herbal medicine group A, and high-protein herbal medicine group B were continuously fed a 22.18% high-protein diet to induce gout. The goslings' feeding behavior was observed daily to ensure they received sufficient high-protein feed, and their mental state, fecal morphology, and other indicators were recorded.

[0036] 1.6 Method of Adding Additives The feed additives obtained in Example 1 and Example 2 were added to each group respectively, and the specific addition methods are shown in Table 3.

[0037] Table 3 Addition Methods 1.7 Data Collection and Indicator Detection (1) During the experiment, the goslings were weighed on an empty stomach at 1 day, 11 days and 21 days of age. The weight changes of the goslings were recorded and the total weight gain and average daily weight gain for each cycle were calculated.

[0038] Total weight gain = final body weight initial weight Daily weight gain = Final body weight Initial weight feeding days (2) Record the feed intake of goslings at 7:00 every day, count the total feed intake of each group of goslings every day, and calculate the average total feed intake, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of each gosling.

[0039] Average daily feed intake = (Total feed intake over feeding days - Number of feeding days) ÷ Number of geese Feed conversion ratio = Daily feed intake ÷ Daily weight gain (3) Record the temperature and humidity inside the goose house at 7:00, 12:00 and 19:00 every day.

[0040] (4) Observe the mental state, feather condition, and fecal form of the goslings, record the number of sick goslings, symptoms and mortality rate, and calculate the mortality rate of each group of goslings.

[0041] Mortality rate = (Total deaths ÷ Total number of animals raised) × 100% Mortality rate = (Number of animals that died from a certain disease within a certain period ÷ Total number of animals suffering from that disease during that period) × 100% (5) On the 21st day of age, three goslings were randomly selected from each group, and blood samples were collected from their jugular veins. The samples were sent to a testing institution to test biochemical indicators such as uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen in the serum.

[0042] 1.8 Data Analysis All experimental data are expressed as mean ± standard error. One-way ANOVA was performed to assess differences between groups. p <0.05 indicates a significant difference.

[0043] 2. Experimental Results 2.1 Results and Analysis of Growth Performance of Goslings 2.1.1 Statistical Analysis of Data from Days 1 to 11 in the First Phase The first stage of gosling growth is defined as 1-11 days of age. The growth performance during this stage is shown in Table 4.

[0044] Table 4. Statistics on the growth performance of goslings aged 1-11 days in each group. As can be seen from Table 4: In terms of average daily weight gain: the average daily weight gain of the high-protein herbal medicine group B was 21.05g, which was higher than the other three groups. The next highest was the high-protein herbal medicine group A at 20.15g, the high-protein control group at 19.65g, and the basal protein control group at 18.44g. This indicates that the growth performance of the 22.18% high-protein feed was better than that of the 16.32% protein feed.

[0045] Regarding feed conversion ratio: The feed conversion ratios of high-protein herbal medicine groups A and B were 2.48 and 2.55, respectively, lower than the other two control groups (2.61 and 2.78). This indicates that adding herbal medicine to high-protein feed helps improve the nutrient conversion rate of gosling feed. Under the same feeding conditions, the feed conversion ratio of high-protein herbal medicine group B was lower than that of high-protein herbal medicine group A, indicating that high doses of herbal medicine can promote feed conversion rate.

[0046] 2.1.2 Data Statistics and Analysis for the Second Stage (11-21 Days Old) The second stage of gosling growth is defined as 11-21 days of age. The growth performance during this stage is shown in Table 5.

[0047] Table 5. Statistical table of growth performance of goslings in each group from 11 to 21 days old. As can be seen from Table 5: In terms of average daily weight gain, the average daily weight gain of the high-protein herbal medicine group B was 51.38g and that of the high-protein herbal medicine group A was 49.86g, which was higher than that of the high-protein control group (48.67g) and the basal protein control group (47.33g). This indicates that high-protein feed can provide goslings with more nutrients than low-protein feed, and the daily weight gain of the herbal medicine experimental group was more outstanding compared with the control group.

[0048] Under the same feeding conditions, the average daily weight gain of the high-protein herbal medicine group B was higher than that of the high-protein herbal medicine group A, indicating that high doses of herbal medicine can improve the growth performance of goslings.

[0049] Regarding the feed conversion ratio (FCR), the FCR of the high-protein herbal medicine group B was 2.20, lower than that of the high-protein herbal medicine group A (2.31), then lower than the high-protein control group (2.34), and the basal protein control group (2.40). These data indicate that adding herbal medicine to high-protein feed can better improve the growth performance of goslings. Furthermore, the FCR of the high-protein herbal medicine group B was lower than that of the high-protein control group, and then lower than that of the high-protein herbal medicine group A. This suggests that, under the same feed formulation, higher doses of herbal medicine can more effectively improve the feed conversion rate of goslings.

[0050] Based on the data above, it can be seen that under the same feeding and management conditions, in the first stage of the 1-11 day age period, the high-protein herbal medicine group had the highest average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain. The basal protein control group with 16.32% protein had lower values ​​for both of these indicators than the high-protein control group and the high-protein herbal medicine group. Higher protein levels can provide more sufficient nutrition for gosling growth and help improve growth performance.

[0051] In the second stage (11-21 days old), the advantages of high-protein feed became even more apparent. The average daily weight gain of both the high-protein herbal medicine group A and the high-protein herbal medicine group B was higher than that of the high-protein control group and the basal protein control group, with the high-protein herbal medicine group B showing the highest average daily weight gain. This indicates that high doses of herbal medicine had a more significant effect on promoting the growth of goslings during this stage. Furthermore, the feed conversion ratio in the second stage was lowest in the high-protein herbal medicine group B, further demonstrating its effectiveness in improving feed conversion rate. High doses of herbal medicine may have enhanced the absorption and utilization efficiency of nutrients in the feed by regulating the metabolic pathways of the goslings.

[0052] 2.2 Statistics and Analysis of Gosling Mortality Data Table 6 shows the mortality rates of goslings aged 1-21 days in each group. Autopsy and pathological analysis were performed on the deceased goslings. Figure 1 As shown.

[0053] Table 6 Mortality of Goslings in Each Group As can be seen from Table 6: Three deaths from visceral gout occurred in the high-protein control group, while no gout symptoms were observed in the other groups, indicating that feeding a high-protein diet with a crude protein content of 22.18% carries a risk of inducing gout. Figure 1 It can be seen that goslings in the high-protein control group showed typical symptoms of visceral gout death at 9, 11, and 18 days of age, indicating that the gout symptoms induced by the high-protein diet were gradually emerging, posing a significant threat to the continued healthy growth of the geese.

[0054] No gout-related deaths occurred in the basic protein control group, the high-protein herbal medicine group A, or the high-protein herbal medicine group B. This indicates that low-protein feed is less likely to cause gout in goslings, and that adding herbal medicine to high-protein feed has a certain effect on preventing gout in goslings.

[0055] 3.3 Results and Analysis of Blood Biochemical Indicators Table 7 shows the blood biochemical parameters of 21-day-old goslings. From the table, we can see that: Table 7 Statistical Analysis of Blood Biochemical Indicators of Goslings in Each Group Note: The values ​​in the table represent "mean ± standard error". Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences. P <0.05), the same letter indicates no significant difference ( P >0.05).

[0056] As can be seen from Table 7: (1) Regarding uric acid concentration: The uric acid level in the high-protein herbal medicine group B was the lowest, significantly lower than that in other groups. P <0.05), the high-protein control group had the highest uric acid level, significantly higher than other groups ( P <0.05), there was no significant difference between the high-protein herbal medicine group A and the basal protein control group ( ). P >0.05).

[0057] Significant differences were found between the high-protein herbal medicine group B, the high-protein herbal medicine group A, the basal protein control group, and the high-protein control group. P <0.05).

[0058] Under normal circumstances, the production and excretion of uric acid in the body are in a state of balance. When blood uric acid reaches a threshold, urate crystals will deposit on the surface of joints, cartilage, and internal organs, inducing gout in goslings. Serum uric acid levels in poultry range from 1.5 to 3.0 mg / dL (approximately 100 to 200 μmol / L), but when serum uric acid levels reach 6.4 mg / dL (approximately 400 μmol / L), urate crystal deposition is likely to occur in the body, triggering gout. In this experiment, the uric acid concentration in the herbal medicine experimental group was lower than that in the high-protein control group, indicating that the addition of herbal medicine to high-protein feed, especially high doses, has a significant preventive effect on uric acid levels in goslings.

[0059] (2) Regarding creatinine concentration: the high-protein control group had the highest creatinine level, significantly higher than other groups. P <0.05), there was no significant difference between the high-protein herbal medicine group A, the high-protein herbal medicine group B, and the basal protein control group. P >0.05). This indicates that under the conditions of high-protein herbal medicine groups A and B, the kidney function of goslings was not significantly affected.

[0060] Serum creatinine is an important indicator of kidney function, and its concentration changes are usually closely related to glomerular filtration function. Creatinine in the body is metabolized by the kidneys; elevated creatinine concentration indicates damage to the intrinsic cells of the kidneys, potentially leading to kidney dysfunction. Experiments showed significant differences between the high-protein herbal medicine groups A and B and the high-protein control group, with the serum creatinine concentration in the high-protein herbal medicine group B being slightly lower than in the other groups. This suggests that high-dose herbal medicine has a better protective effect on the kidneys and is more helpful in maintaining normal kidney filtration function.

[0061] The high-protein control group had relatively high serum creatinine concentrations. This is because the high-protein diet increased the metabolic burden on the kidneys, leading to some degree of kidney damage and affecting creatinine excretion. In contrast, the traditional Chinese medicine experimental group reduced the burden on the kidneys by regulating their metabolic processes, thus maintaining a lower serum creatinine concentration. This suggests that traditional Chinese medicine has potential application value in maintaining the kidney health of goslings.

[0062] (3) Regarding urea nitrogen concentration: the urea nitrogen level in the high-protein herbal medicine group B was the lowest, significantly lower than that in other groups. P <0.05), the high-protein control group had the highest urea nitrogen, significantly higher than other groups ( P <0.05), there was no significant difference between the high-protein herbal medicine group A and the basal protein control group. P >0.05).

[0063] Urea nitrogen is a product of protein metabolism, and its blood concentration reflects the balance of protein metabolism in the body and the excretory function of the kidneys. A decrease in serum urea nitrogen levels in animals indicates good protein metabolism. The data from this experiment show that the urea nitrogen concentration in the high-protein control group was significantly higher than that in the high-protein herbal medicine group A, high-protein herbal medicine group B, and the basal protein control group. This is because the high-protein diet enhances protein metabolism in goslings, producing excessive urea nitrogen, exceeding the normal excretory capacity of the kidneys.

[0064] The high-protein herbal medicine group (Group A) showed no significant difference from the basal protein control group, and was significantly lower than the high-protein control group. This indicates that the addition of herbal medicine helps maintain the balance of protein metabolism in goslings and reduces the burden on the kidneys to excrete urea nitrogen. This is because the components in the herbal medicine promote the rational utilization of protein, reduce the production of urea nitrogen, and enhance the kidneys' ability to excrete urea nitrogen, thus ensuring the healthy growth of goslings and maintaining normal kidney function.

[0065] Based on the above data, it can be seen that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed additive for preventing gout in goslings, characterized in that, It consists of the following ingredients: Smilax glabra, Polygonum cuspidatum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Dioscorea hypoglauca, Atractylodes macrocephala, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Angelica pubescens, and Lysimachia christinae.

2. The feed additive for preventing gout in goslings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ingredients include the following ingredients by weight: 3g Smilax glabra, 3g Polygonum cuspidatum, 3g Alisma plantago-aquatica, 1.5g Dioscorea hypoglauca, 1.5g Atractylodes macrocephala, 1g Saposhnikovia divaricata, 1g Angelica pubescens, and 1g Lysimachia christinae.

3. The feed additive for preventing gout in goslings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ingredients include the following ingredients by weight: 6g of Smilax glabra, 6g of Polygonum cuspidatum, 6g of Alisma plantago-aquatica, 3g of Dioscorea hypoglauca, 3g of Atractylodes macrocephala, 2g of Saposhnikovia divaricata, 2g of Angelica pubescens, and 2g of Lysimachia christinae.

4. The feed additive for preventing gout in goslings according to claim 2, characterized in that, The feed additive is mixed with the feed at a dosage of 0.5g / gosling / day.

5. The feed additive for preventing gout in goslings according to claim 3, characterized in that, The feed additive is mixed with the feed at a dosage of 1g / gosling / day.

6. The feed additive for preventing gout in goslings according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The feed additives mentioned herein are mixed with high-protein feeds for use.

7. The method for preparing the feed additive for preventing gout in goslings according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: Slice all raw materials, weigh them, put them into a grinder to grind and mix them evenly, and then sieve them to obtain the final product.

8. The method for preparing the feed additive for preventing gout in goslings according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sieve mesh size is 200 mesh.

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