Five-axis machining center and using method

Abstract

The invention provides a five-axis machining center which comprises a machine tool body, a lifting main shaft and a cradle rotary table are assembled on the inner side of the machine tool body, a plane two-axis driving mechanism is assembled between the cradle rotary table and the machine tool body, and the plane two-axis driving mechanism can drive the cradle rotary table to move on the X axis and the Y axis; the planar two-axis driving mechanism comprises an X-axis driving assembly and a Y-axis driving assembly, and the X-axis driving assembly and the Y-axis driving assembly are orthogonally connected; a waste chip collecting mechanism is assembled on the rear side of the machine tool body and can collect waste chips generated by machining of the machine tool body, a heat dissipation mechanism is assembled in the cradle rotary table and comprises an impeller, the impeller is assembled at a rotary shaft of the cradle rotary table in a transmission mode, and the impeller rotates to dissipate heat in the cradle rotary table. The technical problem that the heat dissipation effect on the interior of an existing cradle rotary table is poor due to the fact that heat dissipation is conducted on the surface of the existing cradle rotary table only through machining liquid can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of five-axis machining center technology, specifically to a five-axis machining center and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] The cradle turntable of a five-axis machining center is a core functional component for machining complex spatial curved surfaces. Its structure integrates two rotary axes, usually in the form of a combination of A-axis and C-axis, which can carry workpieces at multiple angles and complete continuous positioning.

[0003] During high-intensity continuous machining, the internal drive motor of the cradle turntable continuously generates a large amount of Joule heat. Mechanical friction in the transmission system also generates considerable heat, and the cutting heat conducted from the workpiece cutting area to the worktable further increases the heat input. In particular, the relatively enclosed space inside the turntable limits heat exchange pathways, causing heat to easily accumulate in the bearings, servo motors, and gear transmission areas. Continuous heat accumulation can easily lead to thermoelastic deformation of critical turntable components, causing the rotation axis to drift and directly affecting the positional accuracy and stability of the dual rotary axes. Existing cradle turntables typically rely solely on machining fluid for surface cooling, which is ineffective for internal heat dissipation. Therefore, this paper provides a five-axis machining center and its usage method to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a five-axis machining center and its usage method, thereby solving the technical problem that existing cradle turntables typically rely solely on machining fluid for surface heat dissipation, resulting in poor heat dissipation inside the cradle turntable.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is a five-axis machining center, comprising: The machine tool body is equipped with a lifting spindle and a cradle turntable on its inner side. A planar two-axis drive mechanism is installed between the cradle turntable and the machine tool body. The planar two-axis drive mechanism can drive the cradle turntable to move on the XY axis. The planar two-axis drive mechanism includes an X-axis drive assembly and a Y-axis drive assembly, which are orthogonally connected and arranged. The machine tool body is equipped with a waste chip collection mechanism at the rear, which can collect the waste chips generated during the processing of the machine tool body. The cradle turntable is equipped with a heat dissipation mechanism, which includes an impeller. The impeller is driven and mounted on the rotating shaft of the cradle turntable. The rotation of the impeller can dissipate heat from the inside of the cradle turntable.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the Y-axis drive assembly includes: The Y-axis servo motor is fixedly mounted inside the machine tool body; The Y-axis ball screw is rotatably mounted on the machine tool body, and the output end of the Y-axis servo motor is connected to the Y-axis ball screw for transmission. The X-axis drive component includes: The frame is fixedly mounted on the moving end of the Y-axis ball screw; The X-axis servo motor is fixedly mounted on the frame; An X-axis ball screw is rotatably mounted on the frame. The output end of the X-axis servo motor is connected to the X-axis ball screw via a transmission connection, and the moving end of the X-axis ball screw is connected to the cradle turntable via a transmission connection. Telescopic chip guards are installed on both sides of the moving ends of the X-axis ball screw and the Y-axis ball screw between them and the machine tool body, and buffer rubber rings are installed between each cover of the telescopic chip guard.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the waste collection mechanism includes: A collection base is fixedly assembled inside the machine tool body, and a barrier is fixedly assembled between the collection base and the machine tool body; A water treatment tank is slidably mounted on the rear side of the machine tool body, and a filter box is mounted on the upper side of the water treatment tank.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the cradle turntable includes: The bearing seat and the torque motor are provided. The bearing seat is fixedly mounted on the output end of the planar two-axis drive mechanism, and the torque motor is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the bearing seat. A cradle seat is rotatably mounted inside the support seat. The output end of the torque motor is connected to the cradle seat for transmission. A C-axis is rotatably mounted inside the cradle seat, and a work turntable is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the C-axis. A C-axis drive assembly is installed between the C-axis and the cradle seat, and the C-axis drive assembly can drive the C-axis to rotate. A brake is installed between the C-axis and the cradle seat.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the C-axis drive assembly includes: The worm gear is fixedly mounted on the C-axis; The worm gear is rotatably mounted inside the cradle seat and meshes with the worm wheel; A C-axis servo motor is fixedly mounted inside the cradle seat, and the output end of the C-axis servo motor is connected to the worm gear drive. The worm gear and the C-axis servo motor are assembled in two groups, and they are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the worm wheel.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, a heat dissipation groove communicating with the middle of the impeller is provided in the middle of the C-shaft, a ventilation filter plate rotatably connected to the C-shaft is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the cradle seat, the impeller is mounted on the C-shaft, a limiting ring is rotatably mounted in the middle of the impeller, and the limiting ring is fixedly connected to the C-shaft. The impeller has multiple sets of first arc-shaped protrusions symmetrically arranged on its inner side. A first elastic element is fixed between the first arc-shaped protrusion and the impeller. A number of evenly distributed first arc-shaped sliders are fixed on the outer side of the limiting ring. When the limiting ring rotates in the forward direction, the guide slope of the first arc-shaped protrusion abuts against and slides with the corresponding slope of the first arc-shaped slider. When the limiting ring rotates in the reverse direction, the stop surface of the first arc-shaped protrusion abuts against and is engaged with the stop surface of the first arc-shaped slider. The outer side of the impeller is fixed with a plurality of evenly distributed second arc-shaped sliders, and the inner side of the cradle seat is fixed with a plurality of second arc-shaped protrusions that match the second arc-shaped sliders. A second elastic element is fixed between the second arc-shaped protrusions and the cradle seat. When the impeller rotates in the reverse direction, the guide slope of the second arc-shaped protrusion abuts against and slides with the corresponding slope of the second arc-shaped slider. When the limiting ring rotates in the forward direction, the stop surface of the second arc-shaped protrusion abuts against and is engaged with the stop surface of the second arc-shaped slider.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the heat dissipation mechanism is assembled in two sets, both sets of the heat dissipation mechanism are assembled on the C-axis, and the two sets of the heat dissipation mechanism are centrally symmetrically distributed with respect to the center of the plane perpendicular to the C-axis axis, that is, the two sets of the heat dissipation mechanism are arranged symmetrically from top to bottom, and both sets of the heat dissipation mechanism are assembled on the upper side of the C-axis drive assembly.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the rotary table has a plurality of centrally symmetrically distributed positioning grooves, a piston chamber communicating with the plurality of positioning grooves is formed in the center of the rotary table, a one-way nozzle is fitted between the plurality of positioning grooves and the piston chamber, and an exhaust mechanism is fitted between the rotary table and the C-axis, the exhaust mechanism comprising: A piston assembly is slidably and sealingly mounted in the middle of the piston chamber. A one-way valve is mounted in the middle of the piston assembly. A tension spring is installed between the upper end of the piston assembly and the piston chamber. A vertical drive component is mounted on the lower side of the piston assembly, which can drive the piston assembly to slide downward.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the vertical drive component includes a bottle-shaped column, which is slidably and sealingly fitted in the middle of the heat dissipation groove. The bottle-shaped column is inverted in the middle of the heat dissipation groove. The bottle-shaped column has a hollow design, and the arc-shaped transition area of ​​the bottle-shaped column is located at the two air outlet ends of the impeller. The bottom of the bottle-shaped column is fixedly connected to the piston component, and the bottom of the bottle communicates with the lower side of the piston cavity. A sealing ring is fixedly installed at the mouth of the bottle-shaped column, and the sealing ring is slidably connected to the bottom of the heat dissipation groove.

[0014] A method for using a five-axis machining center includes the following steps: Before using this machine tool to process the workpiece, first adjust the cradle seat rotation with the first torque motor so that the air filter plate can be observed by the operator. The operator checks whether the filter cotton or filter cloth installed at the air filter plate is clean, which is conducive to air intake at the bottom of the cradle seat and also prevents waste from entering the bottom of the cradle seat. If the filter cotton or filter cloth is not clean, it needs to be cleaned or replaced. After the bottom of the cradle is inspected, the C-axis servo motor of one of its C-axis drive components is driven to rotate the worm gear forward by a specified scale, so that the helical tooth side of the worm gear abuts against the helical tooth side of the worm wheel. Then, the C-axis servo motor of the other C-axis drive component is driven to rotate the worm gear in the opposite direction by a specified scale, so that the helical tooth side of the worm gear abuts against the helical tooth side of the worm wheel. In this way, the two worm gears can form a resisting effect on the worm wheel, avoiding the influence of the small gap between the worm gear and the worm wheel on the machining process, and reducing the need for the machine tool to perform machining compensation frequently. The workpiece to be processed can then be fixedly mounted on the worktable. The machine tool door is then closed, and the machine tool is started. The workpiece is processed using the lifting spindle, the two-axis planar drive mechanism, and the cradle turntable. During the processing, the waste collection mechanism collects the processing fluid and waste.

[0015] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows: In this equipment, the impeller is directly mounted on the shaft of the cradle turntable, utilizing the shaft's rotation as the driving force. This eliminates the need for a separate drive source, simplifying the structure and reducing energy consumption and failure rate. When the C-axis of the cradle turntable rotates during machining, the impeller rotates synchronously, creating airflow within the turntable and accelerating air circulation and exchange. This built-in active cooling method, compared to existing technologies that rely solely on machining fluid for surface cooling, more directly and efficiently removes Joule heat generated by the drive motor, heat from mechanical friction in the transmission system, and some cutting heat through airflow. This significantly enhances the heat exchange efficiency within the turntable, effectively mitigating heat accumulation and reducing thermoelastic deformation of key turntable components caused by heat buildup. It also maintains the stability of the rotation axis position, ensuring the positional accuracy and stability of the dual rotation axes. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a five-axis machining center according to the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cradle turntable in this invention; Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the cradle turntable in this invention; Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the cradle turntable structure in this invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 9 This is an exploded cross-sectional view of the cradle turntable in this invention. Figure 10 for Figure 9 Enlarged view of point C in the middle; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the impeller structure in this invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the impeller in this invention; Figure 13 for Figure 12 Enlarged diagram of point D in the middle.

[0018] Figure label: Machine body 1, lifting spindle 11, Y-axis servo motor 12, Y-axis ball screw 121, frame 13, X-axis servo motor 131, X-axis ball screw 132, telescopic chip guard 14, buffer rubber ring 141, collecting base 15, enclosure 151, treatment water tank 152, filter box 153, cradle turntable 2, bearing seat 21, torque motor 22, cradle seat 23, C-axis 24, work turntable 241, positioning slide 2411, piston chamber 2412, one-way nozzle 2413, piston Component 2414, one-way valve 2415, tension spring 2416, bottle-shaped column 2417, sealing ring 2418, brake 242, worm gear 243, worm 244, C-axis servo motor 245, impeller 25, limiting ring 251, first arc-shaped protrusion 252, first elastic element 253, first arc-shaped slider 254, second arc-shaped slider 255, second arc-shaped slider 256, second arc-shaped protrusion 257, second elastic element 258, heat dissipation groove 26, ventilation filter plate 261, turntable bearing 27. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0021] Example: like Figure 1-13 As shown, this embodiment provides a five-axis machining center, including: The machine tool body 1 has a lifting spindle 11 and a cradle turntable 2 mounted inside the machine tool body 1. A planar two-axis drive mechanism is mounted between the cradle turntable 2 and the machine tool body 1. The planar two-axis drive mechanism can drive the cradle turntable 2 to move on the XY axis. The planar two-axis drive mechanism includes an X-axis drive assembly and a Y-axis drive assembly, which are orthogonally connected and arranged. The Y-axis drive assembly includes: a Y-axis servo motor 12, which is fixedly mounted inside the machine tool body 1; The Y-axis ball screw 121 is rotatably mounted on the machine tool body 1, and the output end of the Y-axis servo motor 12 is connected to the Y-axis ball screw 121 for transmission. The X-axis drive assembly includes: a frame 13, which is fixedly mounted on the moving end of the Y-axis ball screw 121; X-axis servo motor 131 is fixedly mounted on frame 13; The X-axis ball screw 132 is rotatably mounted on the frame 13. The output end of the X-axis servo motor 131 is connected to the X-axis ball screw 132 for transmission. The moving end of the X-axis ball screw 132 is connected to the cradle turntable 2 for transmission. Telescopic chip guards 14 are installed on both sides of the moving ends of the X-axis ball screw 132 and the Y-axis ball screw 121 between them and the machine tool body 1. Each of the telescopic chip guards 14 is fitted with a buffer rubber ring 141. The horizontal movement of the cradle turntable 2 can be achieved through the X-axis drive assembly and the Y-axis drive assembly.

[0022] A waste chip collection mechanism is installed at the rear of the machine tool body 1. This mechanism collects waste chips generated during machining. The waste chip collection mechanism includes: The collection base 15 is fixedly installed inside the machine tool body 1, and a barrier 151 is fixedly installed between the collection base 15 and the machine tool body 1; the barrier 151 and the collection base 15 can be used to guide and collect the waste chips and processing fluid generated during the processing.

[0023] A processing water tank 152 is slidably mounted on the rear side of the machine tool body 1, and a filter box 153 is mounted on the upper side of the processing water tank 152. The filter box 153 can be used to filter waste chips, and the processing water tank 152 can be used to collect and process the processing fluid.

[0024] The cradle turntable 2 includes: a support base 21 and a torque motor 22. The support base 21 is fixedly mounted on the output end of the planar two-axis drive mechanism, and the torque motor 22 is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the support base 21. Cradle seat 23 is rotatably mounted inside the bearing seat 21. The output end of torque motor 22 is connected to cradle seat 23 for transmission. C-axis 24 is rotatably mounted inside cradle seat 23. A work turntable 241 is fixedly mounted on the upper end of C-axis 24. A C-axis drive assembly is installed between the C-axis 24 and the cradle seat 23, and the C-axis drive assembly can drive the C-axis 24 to rotate. A brake 242 is fitted between the C-axis 24 and the cradle seat 23.

[0025] The C-axis drive assembly includes: a worm gear 243, which is fixedly mounted on the C-axis 24; The worm 244 is rotatably mounted inside the cradle seat 23 and meshes with the worm wheel 243; The C-axis servo motor 245 is fixedly mounted inside the cradle seat 23, and the output end of the C-axis servo motor 245 is connected to the worm gear 244 for transmission.

[0026] The worm gear 244 and the C-axis servo motor 245 are assembled in two groups, and they are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the worm wheel 243.

[0027] Turntable bearings 27 are installed on the upper and lower sides of the cradle seat 23 and between it and the C-axis 24.

[0028] In one embodiment, the cradle seat 23 is internally equipped with a heat dissipation mechanism, which includes: Impeller 25 is mounted on C-shaft 24. A limiting ring 251 is rotatably mounted in the middle of impeller 25, and the limiting ring 251 is fixedly connected to C-shaft 24. Multiple sets of first arc-shaped protrusions 252 are symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the impeller 25. A first elastic element 253 is fixed between the first arc-shaped protrusions 252 and the impeller 25. Several evenly distributed first arc-shaped sliders 254 are fixed on the outer side of the limiting ring 251. When the limiting ring 251 rotates in the forward direction, the guide slope of the first arc-shaped protrusion 252 abuts against and slides with the corresponding slope of the first arc-shaped slider 254. When the limiting ring 251 rotates in the reverse direction, the stop surface of the first arc-shaped protrusion 252 abuts against and is engaged with the stop surface of the first arc-shaped slider 254. A number of evenly distributed second arc-shaped sliders 255 are fixedly provided on the outer side of the impeller 25, and a number of second arc-shaped protrusions 257 matching the second arc-shaped sliders 256 are fixedly provided on the inner side of the cradle seat 23. A second elastic element 258 is fixedly provided between the second arc-shaped protrusions 257 and the cradle seat 23. When the impeller 25 rotates in the reverse direction, the guide slope of the second arc-shaped protrusion 257 abuts and slides with the corresponding slope of the second arc-shaped slider 256. When the limiting ring 251 rotates in the forward direction, the stop surface of the second arc-shaped protrusion 257 abuts and slides with the stop surface of the second arc-shaped slider 256. A heat dissipation groove 26 is provided in the middle of the C-shaft 24, which communicates with the middle of the impeller 25. A ventilation filter plate 261, which is rotatably connected to the C-shaft 24, is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the cradle seat 23. Filter cotton or filter cloth is installed at the air inlet of the ventilation filter plate 261 to filter waste debris and prevent it from entering the interior of the cradle seat 23. An elastic film can be provided at the connection between the heat dissipation groove 26 and the impeller 25 to enhance the unidirectionality of the gas flow.

[0029] With the above coordination, when the limiting ring 251 rotates in the forward direction following the C-axis 24, the guide slope of the first arc-shaped protrusion 252 abuts and slides with the corresponding slope of the first arc-shaped slider 254, and the stop surface of the second arc-shaped protrusion 257 abuts with the stop surface of the second arc-shaped slider 256, so the impeller 25 will not rotate, thus preventing reverse air intake; similarly, when the limiting ring 251 rotates in the reverse direction following the C-axis 24, it can drive the impeller 25 to rotate and draw air from the side, which is then discharged from the heat dissipation groove 26.

[0030] Both the first arc-shaped protrusion 252 and the second arc-shaped protrusion 257 are inclined, which makes the inclined surfaces abut and slide more smoothly; and the assembly state of the first arc-shaped protrusion 252 and the second arc-shaped protrusion 257 is a limited sliding assembly, which prevents the two from moving out of their sliding grooves due to the first elastic element 253 and the second elastic element 258, and also enhances the abutment stability of their stop surfaces.

[0031] In one embodiment, the number of heat dissipation mechanisms is two sets, both of which are mounted on the C-axis 24. The two sets of heat dissipation mechanisms are centrally symmetrically distributed with respect to the center of the plane perpendicular to the axis of the C-axis 24, that is, the two sets of heat dissipation mechanisms are arranged symmetrically at the top and bottom. Both sets of heat dissipation mechanisms are mounted on the upper side of the C-axis drive assembly. This arrangement allows the C-axis 24 to dissipate air through one of its impellers 25 during forward or reverse rotation.

[0032] In one embodiment, the rotary table 241 has a plurality of centrally symmetrically distributed positioning grooves 2411. A piston chamber 2412 communicating with the positioning grooves 2411 is located in the center of the rotary table 241. A one-way nozzle 2413 is fitted between the positioning grooves 2411 and the piston chamber 2412. The one-way nozzle 2413 functions to achieve one-way air intake and exhaust, significantly reducing the possibility of air intake into the positioning grooves 2411. The air jet range can be controlled according to the design of the one-way nozzle 2413, primarily achieving the function of cleaning the innermost debris and cutting fluid from the positioning grooves 2411 by venting air from the one-way nozzle 2413. An exhaust mechanism is fitted between the rotary table 241 and the C-axis 24. The exhaust mechanism includes: Piston 2414 is slidably and sealed in the middle of piston chamber 2412. One-way valve 2415 is installed in the middle of piston 2414. One-way valve 2415 greatly reduces the possibility of air escaping from the upper side of piston chamber 2412, allowing piston 2414 to move downward and draw in air through one-way valve 2415, and then exhaust air through one-way nozzle 2413. Tension spring 2416 is installed between the upper end of piston 2414 and piston chamber 2412. Tension spring 2416 can drive piston 2414 to move upward and reset after it moves downward. Vertical drive component is installed on the lower side of piston 2414. Vertical drive component can drive piston 2414 to slide downward. Inspection and sealing port can be provided on the upper side of work turntable 241 for maintenance of the upper side of exhaust mechanism.

[0033] The vertical drive component includes a bottle-shaped column 2417, which is slidably and sealingly mounted in the middle of the heat dissipation groove 26. The bottle-shaped column 2417 is inverted in the middle of the heat dissipation groove 26. The bottle-shaped column 2417 has a hollow design, and its arc-shaped transition area is located at the outlet of the two impellers 25. The arc-shaped transition area can further guide the air out of the impellers 25, making it more smoothly out of the heat dissipation groove 26. The bottom of the bottle-shaped column 2417 is fixedly connected to the piston component 2414, and the bottom of the bottle is connected to the lower side of the piston chamber 2412. A sealing ring 2418 is fixedly installed at the mouth of the bottle-shaped column 2417, and the sealing ring 2418 is slidably and sealingly connected to the bottom of the heat dissipation groove 26. The setting of the bottle-shaped column 2417 can separate the heat dissipation groove 26 and the piston chamber 2412, and even if the one-way structure is damaged, it can prevent the cutting fluid from flowing back into the heat dissipation groove 26 and the cradle turntable 2.

[0034] After the impeller 25 discharges gas, the gas pushes the sealing ring 2418 downward, thereby moving the sealing ring 2418 out of the heat dissipation groove 26 and dissipating the hot gas. The downward movement of the sealing ring 2418 can drive the bottle-shaped column 2417 and the piston 2414 downward, thus driving the piston 2414 to reciprocate. When the working turntable 241 stops rotating, the one-way nozzle 2413 discharges gas to clean the bottom of the positioning slide groove 2411. When the working turntable 241 is working, the gas can be used to impact and throw out the loose waste debris through centrifugal force.

[0035] The working principle of the embodiments is explained in detail below: When machining the workpiece using the machine tool body 1, the cradle turntable 2 is first moved to the designated machining position in the XY axis direction by the planar two-axis drive mechanism. Specifically, the Y-axis servo motor 12 drives the Y-axis ball screw 121 to rotate, which in turn moves the connected frame 13 along the Y-axis direction; the X-axis servo motor 131 drives the X-axis ball screw 132 to rotate, which in turn moves the cradle turntable 2 along the X-axis direction, achieving precise positioning of the workpiece on the worktable 241 in the horizontal plane. The lifting spindle 11 moves in the Z-axis direction according to the machining requirements, working with the cradle turntable 2 to complete the machining of complex curved surfaces. During the movement of the cradle turntable 2, the telescopic chip shield 14 extends and retracts synchronously with the moving ends of the X-axis and Y-axis ball screws, effectively preventing chips and coolant generated during machining from splashing into the drive mechanism. The buffer rubber ring 141 plays a buffering and sealing role when the shield extends and retracts, reducing friction and collision damage between the shields.

[0036] During the processing, the torque motor 22 drives the cradle seat 23 to rotate around its axis, and the C-axis servo motor 245 drives the C-axis 24 together with the worktable 241 to rotate around the C-axis 24 through the meshing transmission of the worm 244 and the worm wheel 243, thereby realizing the attitude adjustment of the workpiece in two rotational degrees of freedom. Two sets of centrally symmetrically distributed heat dissipation mechanisms function differently when the C-axis 24 rotates forward and backward: When the C-axis 24 rotates forward, the upper impeller 25 does not rotate due to the cooperation of the limiting ring 251, the first arc-shaped slider 254 and the first arc-shaped protrusion 252, and the second arc-shaped protrusion 257 and the second arc-shaped slider 256, thus preventing backflow; while the lower impeller 25 starts to rotate under the action of the reverse driving force, drawing in cool air from outside the cradle seat 23 through the air filter plate 261. The cool air is pressurized by the impeller 25 and enters the heat dissipation groove 26, carrying away the heat generated by friction and cutting heat from the C-axis drive assembly and turntable bearing 27, and finally being discharged from the bottom side of the heat dissipation groove 26. Conversely, when the C-axis 24 rotates in the reverse direction, the upper impeller 25 starts to work, and the lower impeller 25 stops, thus achieving efficient heat dissipation as well. This bidirectional heat dissipation design ensures that the heat inside the cradle turntable 2 can be continuously and effectively dissipated, significantly reducing the thermoelastic deformation of key components and guaranteeing the rotational accuracy and positioning stability of the B-axis and C-axis.

[0037] Simultaneously, the airflow discharged from the impeller 25 pushes the bottle-shaped column 2417 downward within the heat dissipation groove 26. The bottle-shaped column 2417 drives the piston 2414 to slide downward within the piston chamber 2412, overcoming the tension of the tension spring 2416. At this time, the volume of the upper space of the piston chamber 2412 increases, the air pressure decreases, and the one-way valve 2415 opens, allowing outside air to enter the upper part of the piston chamber 2412 through the one-way valve 2415. When the C-shaft 24 stops rotating or changes direction, the impeller 25 stops exhausting air, the tension spring 2416 pulls the piston 2414 upward to reset, the upper space of the piston chamber 2412 is compressed, the air pressure increases, the one-way valve 2415 closes, and the compressed air is sprayed at high speed through the one-way nozzle 2413 towards the positioning slide groove 2411, blowing away the chips and coolant remaining at the bottom of the positioning slide groove 2411; and during the heat dissipation process, the hot air in the heat dissipation groove 26 is conducted to the bottle-shaped column 2417, and then the hot air is discharged from the heat dissipation groove 2412. When the spray is emitted from the bottom side of the groove 26, the cold air drawn into the lower middle part of the bottle-shaped column 2417 can dissipate heat from the main body of the bottle-shaped column 2417, thereby accelerating the heat dissipation efficiency inside the cradle turntable 2. When the working turntable 241 rotates at high speed, the loose debris and coolant in the positioning slide 2411 are thrown out under the action of centrifugal force. In addition, with the intermittent jet spray of the one-way nozzle 2413, the positioning slide 2411 is cleaned twice, ensuring the precise fit between the positioning pin and the slide when the workpiece is clamped.

[0038] The large amount of chips and coolant generated during processing are guided by gravity through the enclosure 151 into the collection base 15, and then flow into the filter box 153. The filter medium in the filter box 153 separates the chips from the coolant. The filtered coolant flows into the treatment water tank 152 for sedimentation and purification, and can be recycled. The trapped chips are temporarily stored in the filter box 153, and are removed and cleaned by the operator after accumulating to a certain amount. Throughout the entire processing, the various moving parts of the machine tool body 1 work together, combined with efficient heat dissipation, cleaning and chip disposal mechanisms, to ensure the long-term stable operation and high-precision machining capability of the five-axis machining center.

[0039] A method for using a five-axis machining center includes the following steps: Before using this machine tool to process the workpiece, first adjust the cradle seat rotation with the first torque motor so that the air filter plate can be observed by the operator. The operator checks whether the filter cotton or filter cloth installed at the air filter plate is clean, which is conducive to air intake at the bottom of the cradle seat and also prevents waste from entering the bottom of the cradle seat. If the filter cotton or filter cloth is not clean, it needs to be cleaned or replaced. After the bottom of the cradle is inspected, the C-axis servo motor of one of its C-axis drive components is driven to rotate the worm gear forward by a specified scale, so that the helical tooth side of the worm gear abuts against the helical tooth side of the worm wheel. Then, the C-axis servo motor of the other C-axis drive component is driven to rotate the worm gear in the opposite direction by a specified scale, so that the helical tooth side of the worm gear abuts against the helical tooth side of the worm wheel. In this way, the two worm gears can form a resisting effect on the worm wheel, avoiding the influence of the small gap between the worm gear and the worm wheel on the machining process, and reducing the need for the machine tool to perform machining compensation frequently. The workpiece to be processed can then be fixedly mounted on the worktable. The machine tool door is then closed, and the machine tool is started. The workpiece is processed using the lifting spindle, the two-axis planar drive mechanism, and the cradle turntable. During the processing, the waste collection mechanism collects the processing fluid and waste.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A five-axis machining center, characterized in that, include: The machine tool body (1) is equipped with a lifting spindle (11) and a cradle turntable (2) on its inner side. A planar two-axis drive mechanism is installed between the cradle turntable (2) and the machine tool body (1). The planar two-axis drive mechanism can drive the cradle turntable (2) to move on the XY axis. The planar two-axis drive mechanism includes an X-axis drive assembly and a Y-axis drive assembly, which are orthogonally connected and arranged. The machine tool body (1) is equipped with a waste chip collection mechanism on the rear side, which can collect the waste chips generated during the processing of the machine tool body (1). The cradle turntable (2) is equipped with a heat dissipation mechanism, which includes an impeller (25). The impeller (25) is driven and mounted on the shaft of the cradle turntable (2). The rotation of the impeller (25) can dissipate heat inside the cradle turntable (2).

2. A five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Y-axis drive component includes: The Y-axis servo motor (12) is fixedly installed inside the machine tool body (1); The Y-axis ball screw (121) is rotatably mounted on the machine tool body (1), and the output end of the Y-axis servo motor (12) is connected to the Y-axis ball screw (121) for transmission. The X-axis drive component includes: The frame (13) is fixedly mounted on the moving end of the Y-axis ball screw (121); The X-axis servo motor (131) is fixedly mounted on the frame (13). The X-axis ball screw (132) is rotatably mounted on the frame (13). The output end of the X-axis servo motor (131) is connected to the X-axis ball screw (132) through transmission. The moving end of the X-axis ball screw (132) is connected to the cradle turntable (2) through transmission. Telescopic chip guards (14) are installed between the moving ends of the X-axis ball screw (132) and the Y-axis ball screw (121) and the machine tool body (1). Each of the telescopic chip guards (14) is equipped with a buffer rubber ring (141).

3. A five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste collection mechanism includes: A collection base (15) is fixedly assembled inside the machine tool body (1), and a barrier (151) is fixedly assembled between the collection base (15) and the machine tool body (1). A water treatment tank (152) is slidably mounted on the rear side of the machine tool body (1), and a filter box (153) is mounted on the upper side of the water treatment tank (152).

4. A five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cradle turntable (2) includes: The bearing seat (21) and the torque motor (22) are fixedly mounted on the output end of the planar two-axis drive mechanism, and the torque motor (22) is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the bearing seat (21). Cradle seat (23) is rotatably mounted inside the bearing seat (21). The output end of the torque motor (22) is connected to the cradle seat (23) in a transmission. A C-axis (24) is rotatably mounted inside the cradle seat (23). A work turntable (241) is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the C-axis (24). A C-axis drive assembly is assembled between the C-axis (24) and the cradle seat (23), and the C-axis drive assembly can drive the C-axis (24) to rotate; A brake (242) is fitted between the C-axis (24) and the cradle seat (23).

5. A five-axis machining center according to claim 4, characterized in that, The C-axis drive assembly includes: The worm gear (243) is fixedly mounted on the C-shaft (24); The worm (244) is rotatably mounted inside the cradle seat (23) and meshes with the worm wheel (243); The C-axis servo motor (245) is fixedly mounted inside the cradle seat (23), and the output end of the C-axis servo motor (245) is connected to the worm gear (244) for transmission. The worm gear (244) and the C-axis servo motor (245) are assembled in two groups, and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the worm wheel (243).

6. A five-axis machining center according to claim 4, characterized in that, The C-shaft (24) has a heat dissipation groove (26) in the middle that communicates with the middle of the impeller (25). The bottom of the cradle seat (23) is fixedly equipped with a ventilation filter plate (261) that is rotatably connected to the C-shaft (24). The impeller (25) is assembled on the C-shaft (24). A limiting ring (251) is rotatably assembled in the middle of the impeller (25). The limiting ring (251) is fixedly connected to the C-shaft (24). The impeller (25) is symmetrically provided with multiple sets of first arc-shaped protrusions (252) on the inner side. A first elastic element (253) is fixed between the first arc-shaped protrusion (252) and the impeller (25). A number of evenly distributed first arc-shaped sliders (254) are fixed on the outer side of the limiting ring (251). When the limiting ring (251) rotates in the forward direction, the guide slope of the first arc-shaped protrusion (252) abuts and slides with the corresponding slope of the first arc-shaped slider (254). When the limiting ring (251) rotates in the reverse direction, the stop surface of the first arc-shaped protrusion (252) abuts and slides with the stop surface of the first arc-shaped slider (254). The impeller (25) is fixed with a plurality of evenly distributed second arc-shaped sliders (255) on its outer side, and the cradle seat (23) is fixed with a plurality of second arc-shaped protrusions (257) that match the second arc-shaped sliders (256) on its inner side, and a second elastic element (258) is fixed between the second arc-shaped protrusions (257) and the cradle seat (23). When the impeller (25) rotates in the reverse direction, the guide slope of the second arc-shaped protrusion (257) abuts against and slides with the corresponding slope of the second arc-shaped slider (256). When the limiting ring (251) rotates in the forward direction, the stop surface of the second arc-shaped protrusion (257) abuts against and slides with the stop surface of the second arc-shaped slider (256).

7. A five-axis machining center according to claim 6, characterized in that, The heat dissipation mechanism is assembled in two sets, and both sets of the heat dissipation mechanism are assembled on the C-axis (24). The two sets of heat dissipation mechanisms are centrally symmetrically distributed with respect to the center of the plane perpendicular to the C-axis (24), that is, the two sets of heat dissipation mechanisms are arranged symmetrically at the top and bottom, and both sets of heat dissipation mechanisms are assembled on the upper side of the C-axis drive assembly.

8. A five-axis machining center according to claim 6, characterized in that, The rotary table (241) has a plurality of centrally symmetrically distributed positioning grooves (2411). A piston chamber (2412) communicating with the positioning grooves (2411) is located in the center of the rotary table (241). A one-way nozzle (2413) is fitted between the positioning grooves (2411) and the piston chamber (2412). An exhaust mechanism is fitted between the rotary table (241) and the C-axis (24). The exhaust mechanism includes: The piston component (2414) is slidably and sealed in the middle of the piston chamber (2412). A one-way valve (2415) is installed in the middle of the piston component (2414). A tension spring (2416) is installed between the upper end of the piston component (2414) and the piston chamber (2412). A vertical drive component is installed on the lower side of the piston component (2414). The piston component (2414) can be driven to slide downward by the vertical drive component.

9. A five-axis machining center according to claim 8, characterized in that, The vertical drive component includes a bottle-shaped column (2417), which is slidably and sealed in the middle of the heat dissipation groove (26). The bottle-shaped column (2417) is inverted in the middle of the heat dissipation groove (26). The bottle-shaped column (2417) is hollow and the arc-shaped transition area of ​​the bottle-shaped column (2417) is located at the air outlet of the two impellers (25). The bottom of the bottle-shaped column (2417) is fixedly connected to the piston (2414), and the bottom of the bottle is connected to the lower side of the piston cavity (2412). A sealing ring (2418) is fixedly installed at the mouth of the bottle-shaped column (2417), and the sealing ring (2418) is slidably connected to the bottom of the heat dissipation groove (26).

10. A method of using a five-axis machining center, based on the five-axis machining center according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The usage steps include the following: Before using this machine tool to process the workpiece, first adjust the cradle seat rotation with the first torque motor so that the air filter plate can be observed by the operator. The operator checks whether the filter cotton or filter cloth installed at the air filter plate is clean, which is conducive to air intake at the bottom of the cradle seat and also prevents waste from entering the bottom of the cradle seat. If the filter cotton or filter cloth is not clean, it needs to be cleaned or replaced. After the bottom of the cradle is inspected, the C-axis servo motor of one of its C-axis drive components is driven to rotate the worm gear forward by a specified scale, so that the helical tooth side of the worm gear abuts against the helical tooth side of the worm wheel. Then, the C-axis servo motor of the other C-axis drive component is driven to rotate the worm gear in the opposite direction by a specified scale, so that the helical tooth side of the worm gear abuts against the helical tooth side of the worm wheel. In this way, the two worm gears can form a resisting effect on the worm wheel, avoiding the influence of the small gap between the worm gear and the worm wheel on the machining process, and reducing the need for the machine tool to perform machining compensation frequently. The workpiece to be processed can then be fixedly mounted on the worktable. The machine tool door is then closed, and the machine tool is started. The workpiece is processed using the lifting spindle, the two-axis planar drive mechanism, and the cradle turntable. During the processing, the waste collection mechanism collects the processing fluid and waste.

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