Intelligent operation and maintenance management method for battery changing cabinet

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent operation and maintenance management method for a power conversion cabinet, and relates to a power conversion cabinet management control technology, in the method, the power conversion frequency and the high-frequency power conversion time period of the power conversion cabinet are obtained by monitoring the power conversion frequency and the power conversion time of the power conversion cabinet, and then the voltage of a charger in the power conversion cabinet is adjusted according to the high-low peak time period of the power conversion frequency. Meanwhile, the battery is protected through low-voltage charging in the low-frequency band, and the battery threshold value capable of being replaced is reduced in the high-frequency battery replacement period so that high-frequency circulation of the battery can be ensured; in the low-frequency battery replacement period, the battery threshold value of battery replacement is increased, so that it is ensured that a user obtains a high-endurance battery; and by monitoring the state and position of the battery, designing a battery planning management scheme, preferentially applying the high-capacity battery to low-frequency battery replacement, and preferentially applying the low-capacity battery to high-frequency battery replacement, the purposes of improving the battery flow rate, reasonably utilizing the battery and prolonging the service life of the battery are achieved by monitoring the battery replacement data of the battery replacement cabinet.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery swapping cabinet management and control technology, and in particular to an intelligent operation and maintenance management method for battery swapping cabinets. Background Technology

[0002] A battery swapping station is a device used for battery storage and charging. Its main purpose is to provide shared batteries for two-wheeled electric vehicles currently on the market. Electric vehicles use a battery rental scheme to obtain batteries for replacement, thereby meeting the user's range problem.

[0003] The existing battery swapping cabinets have an overly simplistic operation and maintenance concept, merely providing an interactive battery rental and return solution, which has several drawbacks for both users and maintenance personnel.

[0004] 1. The battery charging management is simplistic, employing a uniform rated charging scheme, which makes it difficult to supply power during peak battery swapping periods;

[0005] 2. The battery life management is simplistic, and a uniform rental and return scheme is used for batteries, which results in high-performance batteries not being effectively protected, while low-performance batteries cannot meet the needs of users with long battery life.

[0006] 3. The scale of battery swapping cabinets is limited, and the deployment ratio cannot be adjusted according to the actual situation for popular and unpopular areas and cycles. There are problems of idle equipment in unpopular areas and cycles, while there are problems of insufficient supply in popular areas and cycles.

[0007] To address the aforementioned issues, a smart operation and maintenance management method for battery swapping cabinets is provided. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent operation and maintenance management method for battery swapping cabinets to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent operation and maintenance management method for battery swapping cabinets, comprising:

[0010] S1. Monitor the battery swapping frequency of the battery swapping cabinet, and analyze the peak and off-peak periods based on the time of the battery swapping frequency;

[0011] S2. Adjust the number of battery swapping bays based on the frequency of battery swapping, and adjust the battery charging voltage based on peak and off-peak periods.

[0012] S3. Adjust the battery's available power threshold based on the frequency of high and low peak periods;

[0013] S4. Configure high and low voltage charging positions based on battery swapping frequency;

[0014] S5. Implement differentiated battery planning and management schemes based on battery capacity.

[0015] Preferably, step S1 includes:

[0016] S11. Set the battery swapping frequency monitoring cycle, frequency threshold, and time threshold, which can be obtained by recording the battery replacement records and replacement time of the battery swapping cabinet;

[0017] S12. Monitor the number of battery replacements for the entire cabinet during the battery replacement cycle. This can be obtained by statistically analyzing battery replacement records.

[0018] S13. Monitor periods when battery swapping occurs frequently;

[0019] S14. Obtain the frequency level and high-frequency time of the battery swapping cabinet.

[0020] Preferably, step S2 includes:

[0021] S21. The battery swapping cabinet is designed as a modular unit, the charger is designed as an integrated and detachable unit, and the charger is divided into low-voltage fixed-frequency and high-voltage variable-frequency types.

[0022] S22. Adjust the number of battery swapping cabinet units according to the frequency level of the battery swapping cabinet;

[0023] S23. Adjust the charging voltage of the charging module according to the high and low frequency periods of the battery swapping cabinet.

[0024] Preferably, in step S23, during high-frequency periods of the battery swapping cabinet, the voltage of the high-voltage inverter charger is increased to achieve rapid battery replenishment and meet the high-frequency battery swapping requirements; during low-frequency periods of the battery swapping cabinet, the voltage of the high-voltage inverter charger is reduced to achieve the effect of protecting the battery and charger through trickle charging.

[0025] Preferably, in step S23, when increasing the voltage of the high-voltage inverter charger during high-frequency periods, it is also necessary to monitor the entire charging environment data, including ambient temperature, battery temperature, and the current total charging load of the entire battery swapping cabinet and the total rated load of the battery swapping cabinet, to ensure charging safety.

[0026] Preferably, step S3 involves adjusting the battery swapping rules of the battery swapping cabinet according to the battery swapping frequency level and the corresponding time period, including:

[0027] During periods of high-frequency battery swapping, the threshold for swappable batteries is designed to be 70% of the total capacity to ensure high-frequency battery turnover.

[0028] During periods of low-frequency battery swapping, the threshold for swappable batteries is designed to be 95% of the total, to ensure that users have access to batteries with long battery life.

[0029] The replacement battery cost is calculated based on the actual charge level of the battery.

[0030] Preferably, in step S4, based on the frequency level of the battery swapping cabinet, the ratio of low-voltage fixed-frequency chargers to high-voltage variable-frequency chargers is set for the total number of existing units in the battery swapping cabinet to meet the high-frequency battery swapping requirements and reduce the cost of charger equipment layout. In addition, during the charger layout process, the upper units of the battery swapping cabinet are arranged as low-voltage fixed-frequency chargers, and the lower units of the battery swapping cabinet are arranged as high-voltage variable-frequency chargers, so as to facilitate the handling of batteries for high-frequency battery swapping.

[0031] Preferably, step S5 specifically includes:

[0032] S51. Number and label each battery and monitor battery capacity decay;

[0033] S52. Determine the battery number obtained by the user based on the user account, use the battery identifier as a traceability, and implement the battery planning and management scheme by tracking the battery.

[0034] S53. When a user returns a battery, the battery number is identified to distinguish the return compartment. This specifically includes:

[0035] For high-capacity batteries, when there are vacant low-voltage charging positions in the battery compartment, the designated low-voltage charging position door will be opened first for the user, so that the high-capacity batteries can be used for low-frequency battery swapping, thereby extending the battery life.

[0036] For low-capacity batteries, when there is an idle high-voltage charging position in the battery compartment, the designated high-voltage charging position door will be opened first for the user, so that the low-capacity battery can be used for high-frequency battery swapping, thereby avoiding the waste of the energy storage performance of the high-capacity battery.

[0037] Preferably, in step S11, the battery swapping frequency monitoring cycle includes:

[0038] Long cycle, based on statistics of the number of battery swaps performed by the battery swapping cabinet over a long period of time;

[0039] The medium cycle includes seasonal cycles, with higher battery swapping frequency in summer and lower frequency in winter; and regional cycles, with lower battery swapping frequency near schools during holidays and higher frequency during the start of the school term.

[0040] Short cycle, low frequency of battery swapping on weekdays, and high frequency of battery swapping on weekends;

[0041] Different battery swapping cabinet configuration schemes are implemented based on different cycles, and are adjusted by maintenance personnel.

[0042] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0043] 1. This intelligent operation and maintenance management method for battery swapping cabinets monitors the swapping frequency and then adjusts the charger voltage inside the cabinet based on peak and off-peak periods. During high-frequency periods, the voltage of the high-voltage inverter charger is increased to achieve rapid battery replenishment and meet the high-frequency swapping requirements. During low-frequency periods, the voltage of the high-voltage inverter charger is reduced to achieve trickle charging and protect the battery and charger. Ultimately, this achieves the triple goals of "increased swapping frequency + reduced battery loss + optimized revenue".

[0044] 2. This intelligent operation and maintenance management method for battery swapping cabinets monitors the swapping frequency and adjusts the threshold of available battery capacity based on peak and off-peak periods. During high-frequency swapping periods, the threshold of available swappable batteries is lowered to ensure high-frequency battery turnover; during low-frequency swapping periods, the threshold of available swappable batteries is raised to ensure users obtain batteries with long battery life. Furthermore, adjusting the swapping price based on battery capacity is a further extension of the "charging voltage adjustment" solution, with the aim of further "increasing turnover" and thus achieving efficiency improvement.

[0045] 3. This intelligent operation and maintenance management method for battery swapping cabinets implements differentiated battery planning and management schemes based on battery capacity. Each battery is numbered and its capacity decay is monitored. The system determines the battery number assigned to a user based on their account. When a user returns a battery, the system identifies the battery number and distinguishes the return compartment. For high-capacity batteries, the designated low-voltage charging compartment door is opened first, prioritizing their use in low-frequency swapping and extending their lifespan. For low-capacity batteries, the designated high-voltage charging compartment door is opened first, prioritizing their use in high-frequency swapping and avoiding wasted energy storage capacity of high-capacity batteries. This system achieves a coordinated design of battery status, charging strategy, and deployment area, improving the utilization rate of old batteries and extending the lifespan of healthy batteries. Furthermore, user-driven scheme execution enables automatic classification, reducing costs. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is an overall flowchart of the intelligent operation and maintenance management method for battery swapping cabinets of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the frequency analysis of the battery swapping cabinet in this invention.

[0048] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the voltage adjustment logic of the battery swapping cabinet in this invention.

[0049] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the battery management scheme for the battery swapping cabinet of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] Example 1: This embodiment of the invention provides, as follows Figures 1 to 4 The intelligent operation and maintenance management method for the battery swapping cabinet shown includes:

[0052] S1. Monitor the battery swapping frequency of the battery swapping cabinet, and analyze the peak and off-peak periods based on the time of the battery swapping frequency, which specifically includes the following steps;

[0053] S11. Set the battery swapping frequency monitoring cycle, frequency threshold, and time threshold. This can be obtained by recording the battery replacement records and replacement time of the battery swapping cabinet.

[0054] S12. Monitor the number of battery replacements for the entire cabinet during the battery replacement cycle. This can be obtained by statistically analyzing battery replacement records.

[0055] S13. Monitor periods when battery swapping occurs frequently;

[0056] S14. Obtain the frequency level and high-frequency time of the battery swapping cabinet.

[0057] The battery swapping frequency monitoring cycle includes long cycle, medium cycle and short cycle. The long cycle is based on the long-term continuous statistics of the number of battery swaps in the battery swapping cabinet, usually on an annual basis. It records the number of battery swaps in the battery swapping cabinet within a year. It is divided according to the total number of battery swaps in a whole year, and then classified into levels from 1 to 10 according to the number of battery swaps. Different levels of battery swapping cabinets indicate different battery swapping needs in the area. Then, different sizes of battery swapping cabinets are configured according to different levels to meet the battery swapping needs and avoid idle waste.

[0058] The mid-cycle includes seasonal cycles, with higher battery swapping frequency in summer and lower frequency in winter. Electric vehicles are used more frequently in summer, resulting in greater demand for battery swapping. However, some special circumstances need to be considered comprehensively. For example, battery durability is affected in winter, and battery efficiency is lower at low temperatures, which may also lead to increased swapping frequency. Secondly, in winter, many people are less willing to go out, leading to more frequent food delivery orders. This results in more orders and longer travel distances for delivery drivers, the main users of battery swapping stations, further increasing swapping frequency. Therefore, when considering seasonal cycles, multiple factors need to be taken into account, and the final analysis should be based on the actual swapping frequency.

[0059] The frequency of battery swapping near schools is low during holidays and high during the start of the school term. This is a typical effect of cyclical changes in population movement. For some special areas, such as office buildings, the frequency of battery swapping will also decrease accordingly during holidays.

[0060] The most intuitive and accurate data period is the short cycle, with lower battery swapping frequency on weekdays and higher frequency on weekends. Weekend travel volume increases significantly, which in turn increases the battery swapping frequency. Based on different cycles, different battery swapping cabinet configuration schemes are implemented and adjusted by maintenance personnel.

[0061] S2. Adjusting the number of battery swapping bays based on battery swapping frequency, and adjusting battery charging voltage based on peak and off-peak periods, including:

[0062] S21. The battery swapping cabinet is designed as a modular unit. This design is an adjustment scheme for the scale of the battery swapping cabinet to meet the needs of periodic changes in battery swapping frequency. The chargers are divided into low-voltage fixed-frequency and high-voltage variable-frequency types. The low-voltage fixed-frequency charger is cheaper and is mainly used for slow charging of high-performance batteries, which can better protect the batteries. The high-voltage variable-frequency charger is designed to meet the needs of battery swapping during high-frequency periods. During high-frequency periods, the charger voltage is automatically increased to achieve fast charging, improve the battery swapping rate, thereby increasing the benefits for the operation and maintenance party and providing convenience for users. The charger is designed as an integrated and detachable type. On the one hand, it is convenient for maintenance personnel to quickly replace the charger when it is damaged, so as not to affect the use of the battery swapping cabinet. On the other hand, it is also convenient for maintenance personnel to adjust the low-frequency and high-frequency chargers.

[0063] S22. Adjusting the number of battery swapping cabinet units according to the frequency level of the battery swapping cabinet. The purpose is to adjust the number of battery swapping units based on the frequency of battery swapping in the area where the charging cabinet is located. The main logic is to reduce the number of battery swapping cabinet units in low-frequency areas to avoid idleness and reduce operation and maintenance costs, and to increase the number of battery swapping cabinet units in high-frequency areas to meet demand and improve efficiency.

[0064] S23. Adjust the charging module voltage according to the high and low frequency periods of the battery swapping cabinet. During the high frequency period of the battery swapping cabinet, increase the voltage of the high voltage inverter charger to achieve the effect of rapid battery replenishment and meet the high frequency battery swapping needs. During the low frequency period of the battery swapping cabinet, decrease the voltage of the high voltage inverter charger to achieve the effect of protecting the battery and charger through trickle charging.

[0065] In step S23, when increasing the voltage of the high-voltage inverter charger during high-frequency periods, it is also necessary to monitor the entire charging environment data, including ambient temperature, battery temperature, and the current total charging load and total rated load of the battery swapping cabinet, to ensure charging safety. This aspect is monitored in real time by the environmental detection module in the battery swapping cabinet to ensure operational safety.

[0066] The solution is based on supply and demand matching driven by battery swapping data. During peak periods, it aims to "ensure supply and improve turnover," while during off-peak periods, it aims to "ensure battery life and improve user experience." Ultimately, it achieves the triple goals of "increasing battery swapping frequency, reducing battery loss, and optimizing revenue."

[0067] S3. Adjust the battery loanable capacity threshold based on peak and off-peak hours; adjust the battery swapping rules of the battery swapping cabinet according to the battery swapping frequency level and the corresponding time period, including:

[0068] During high-frequency battery swapping periods, the threshold for swappable batteries is set at 70% of the total capacity to ensure frequent battery turnover. During low-frequency battery swapping periods, the threshold is set at 95% of the total capacity to ensure users have access to batteries with long range. The swapping fee is calculated based on the actual charge level of the swapped battery. The main idea behind this design is to increase the frequency of battery swapping. In emergency situations, users are not concerned about minor differences in actual charge levels, but rather about quickly obtaining a charged battery to meet their subsequent riding needs. For the maintenance team, even though the fee for low-charge batteries is reduced, the increased swapping rate results in greater economic benefits. In practical design, the fee can be set as a basic swapping fee + charge level + service fee, making users feel that even if the battery is not fully charged, the cost is still relatively low and reasonable.

[0069] This solution is a further extension of the "charging voltage regulation" solution, with the aim of further "increasing turnover" to achieve efficiency improvement.

[0070] S4. Configure high and low voltage charging positions based on battery swapping frequency;

[0071] In step S4, based on the frequency level of the battery swapping cabinet, the ratio of low-voltage fixed-frequency chargers to high-voltage variable-frequency chargers is set according to the total number of existing units in the battery swapping cabinet to meet the high-frequency battery swapping demand and reduce the cost of charger equipment layout. During charger layout, the upper units of the battery swapping cabinet are arranged with low-voltage fixed-frequency chargers, while the lower units are arranged with high-voltage variable-frequency chargers. This facilitates the handling of batteries during high-frequency swapping. The logic behind this design is that the battery swapping frequency demand varies in different areas. In popular battery swapping areas, such as express delivery stations and core business districts, where delivery drivers appear more frequently, the proportion of high-voltage variable-frequency chargers in the battery swapping cabinets needs to be increased. Conversely, in older residential areas and suburban areas, where the battery swapping frequency is low, the proportion of high-voltage variable-frequency chargers in the battery swapping cabinets should be significantly reduced, thereby achieving the goals of cost reduction, efficiency improvement, and reasonable configuration.

[0072] S5. Implement differentiated battery planning and management schemes based on battery capacity, which specifically include:

[0073] S51. Number and label each battery and monitor battery capacity decay;

[0074] S52. Determine the battery number obtained by the user based on the user account, use the battery identifier as a traceability, and implement the battery planning and management scheme by tracking the battery.

[0075] S53. When a user returns a battery, the battery number is identified to distinguish the return compartment. This specifically includes:

[0076] For high-capacity batteries, when there are vacant low-voltage charging positions in the battery compartment, the designated low-voltage charging position door will be opened first for the user, so that the high-capacity batteries can be used for low-frequency battery swapping, thereby extending the battery life.

[0077] For low-capacity batteries, when there is an idle high-voltage charging position in the battery compartment, the designated high-voltage charging position door will be opened first for the user, so that the low-capacity battery can be used for high-frequency battery swapping, thereby avoiding the waste of the energy storage performance of the high-capacity battery.

[0078] It achieves refined management of the entire battery lifecycle. Through battery identification, it realizes the linkage design of battery status, charging strategy and deployment area, which not only improves the utilization rate of old batteries, but also extends the life of healthy batteries. Furthermore, the configuration planning of batteries and chargers does not require maintenance personnel to make adjustments, and automatic classification is achieved by using user-driven solutions.

[0079] Example 2, as follows Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an application example based on the intelligent operation and maintenance management method of the battery swapping cabinet in Embodiment 1, based on Embodiment 1. The following will further describe the intelligent operation and maintenance management method of the battery swapping cabinet in Embodiment 1 in detail with specific data input. It should be noted that this embodiment is only one implementation of Embodiment 1, but does not mean that Embodiment 1 has only this one implementation.

[0080] This embodiment uses a battery swapping station in a core business district of a certain area as the application target. This area is surrounded by dense office buildings and a concentration of food delivery stations. The target users are mainly food delivery riders and commuters, corresponding to high-frequency and low-frequency battery swapping users respectively. The initial configuration of the battery swapping station is 10 unit compartments, adopting a "modular cabinet + integrated detachable charger" design. It is equipped with a low-voltage fixed-frequency charger and a high-voltage variable-frequency charger. The low-voltage fixed-frequency charger has an output voltage of 48V and a charging current of 2A. The high-voltage variable-frequency charger has an adjustable output voltage of 48-60V and an adjustable charging current of 2-5A. It is also equipped with 15 lithium batteries numbered B01-B15, with a rated capacity of 20Ah and a full-charge voltage of 54.6V per battery.

[0081] The design of the battery swapping frequency and monitoring cycle is as follows;

[0082] Periodic type Cycle duration Frequency statistics unit Frequency threshold (level classification) Long cycle 1 year (365 days) Total number of battery swaps Level 1; ≤10 times per day; Levels 2-9; Level 10 (increases by 10 times per day); ≥90 times per day Medium cycle (seasonal) First quarter (three months) Average number of battery swaps per month Summer: ≥2200 times per month; Winter: ≤1500 times per month Medium cycle (regional) One semester (4 months) Average number of battery swaps per week Back-to-school season; ≥600 times per week; Holiday season; ≤365 times per week short cycle One week Average number of battery swaps per day Weekdays; ≤60 times per day; Rest days; ≥80 times per day

[0083] The peak and off-peak time periods are planned as follows:

[0084] Time period type Time range Judgment criteria (percentage of daily average occurrences) Charging voltage adjustment rules Battery power threshold available for loan High frequency period 10:00-14:00、17:00-21:00 Battery swapping count accounts for ≥30% of the total number of swaps per day. The high-voltage inverter charger voltage is adjusted to 60V and the current to 5A. 70% (i.e., ≥14Ah, corresponding to a voltage >51.3V) low frequency period 00:00-08:00 The number of battery swaps accounts for ≤5% of the total number of swaps per day. The high-voltage inverter charger is set to 48V and 2A current (trickle charging). 95% (i.e., ≥19Ah, corresponding to a voltage >54.0V) Off-peak hours Other times Battery swapping accounts for 5%-30% of the total number of swaps per day. The high-voltage inverter charger voltage is adjusted to 54V and the current to 3A. 85% (i.e., ≥17Ah, corresponding to a voltage >53.2V)

[0085] The high and low voltage charging position configuration strategy is as follows;

[0086] Battery swapping frequency level (long cycle) Number of low-voltage fixed-frequency chargers Number of high voltage inverter chargers Warehouse Layout Plan Levels 1-3 (Low Demand) 6 2 Upper layer (bins 1-6) low-voltage fixed frequency; middle and lower layers (bins 7-8) high-voltage variable frequency; bins 9-10 are idle. Levels 4-7 (Medium Demand) 4 6 Upper layer (bins 1-6) low-voltage fixed frequency; middle and lower layers (bins 7-8) high-voltage variable frequency; bins 9-10 are idle. Levels 8-10 (High Demand) 6 9 Upper layer (bins 1-6) low-voltage fixed frequency; middle and lower layers (bins 7-15) high-voltage variable frequency (expanding to 5 bins).

[0087] During the design and implementation process,

[0088] Step 1: Cycle Design and Data Acquisition

[0089] 1. Set monitoring cycles: long cycle (January 1 - December 31), medium cycle (July 1 - September 30, summer), short cycle (July 15 - July 21, the current week).

[0090] 2. Data Collection: The total number of battery swaps during the week was 630, averaging 90 per day. During high-frequency periods (10:00-14:00 and 17:00-21:00), the average number of battery swaps per day was 58, accounting for 64.4% of the total number of swaps per day. During low-frequency periods (00:00-08:00), the average number of battery swaps per day was 3, accounting for 3.3% of the total number of swaps per day.

[0091] 3. Level determination: The short-term level for the week is "high frequency on weekends + high demand during the summer medium-term cycle", and the cumulative number of battery swaps for the long-term cycle has reached 25,600 times (70 times per day), which is determined to be level 8 (high demand).

[0092] Step 2: Battery swapping bay and charging voltage adjustment

[0093] 1. Position Adjustment: Based on the level 8 demand, the initial 10 unit positions will be expanded to 15, and 5 new modular units (numbered 11-15) will be added.

[0094] 2. Charging voltage adjustment:

[0095] During high-frequency periods (10:00-14:00, 17:00-21:00): The charger control module adjusts the voltage of the six high-voltage inverter chargers (compartments 5-10) to 60V and the current to 5A. At the same time, the environmental monitoring module monitors in real time: ambient temperature ≤40℃, battery temperature ≤55℃, and total load of the battery swapping cabinet <7.5kW (total rated load 10kW) to ensure safety.

[0096] During low-frequency periods (00:00-08:00): the voltage of the high-voltage inverter charger drops to 48V and the current is 2A, using trickle charging; the low-voltage fixed-frequency charger maintains 48V and 2A output.

[0097] Off-peak hours: The voltage of the high-voltage inverter charger is adjusted to 54V and the current to 3A.

[0098] Step 3: Execute the available battery power threshold.

[0099] 1. High-frequency period: The battery management module monitors the battery level in real time and only allows batteries with a level >14Ah (70% threshold) to be lent out.

[0100] 2. Low-frequency periods: Only batteries with a charge level ≥19Ah (95% threshold) are allowed to be lent out.

[0101] 3. Cost Calculation: Basic battery swap fee of 2 yuan / time + electricity fee of 0.1 yuan / Ah + service fee of 1 yuan / time. Assuming the user swaps for a 14Ah battery during high-frequency periods, the cost = 2 + 14 x 0.1 + 1 = 4.4 yuan; and swaps for a 19Ah battery during low-frequency periods, the cost = 2 + 19 x 0.1 + 1 = 4.9 yuan.

[0102] Step 4: High and Low Voltage Charging Point Configuration and Differentiated Battery Management

[0103] 1. Charging position configuration: Level 8 demand corresponds to "6 low-voltage fixed frequency + 9 high-voltage variable frequency". The upper layer 1-6 are low-voltage fixed frequency compartments, and the middle and lower layers 7-15 are high-voltage variable frequency compartments.

[0104] 2. Battery number and capacity monitoring: The battery management module records B01-B05 as high-capacity batteries (remaining capacity > 18Ah) and B06-B15 as low-capacity batteries (remaining capacity 10-17Ah).

[0105] 3. Return of position allocation:

[0106] At 18:00 on July 18, a user returned a high-capacity battery B02 (remaining capacity 18.5Ah). The system detected that there were vacancies in low-voltage compartments 1-6 (compartment 3 was vacant), and automatically opened the cabinet door of compartment 3, which will be used for low-frequency battery swapping users in the future.

[0107] At 19:30 on July 18, the user returned the low-capacity battery B10 (remaining capacity 12Ah). The system detected that there were empty high-voltage compartments 7-15 (compartment 8 was empty), and automatically opened the cabinet door of compartment 8. Subsequently, the battery was replenished to more than 14Ah through high-voltage fast charging for high-frequency battery swapping.

[0108] The following results were achieved in this simulation test;

[0109] I. Battery Turnover Rate: During high-frequency periods, the battery turnover cycle is shortened from 2 hours to 1 hour, with a maximum of 12 turnovers per day; during low-frequency periods, the high-capacity battery turnover cycle is 8 hours, meeting the daily battery life needs of commuting users.

[0110] II. Battery life: High-capacity batteries use low-voltage charging, and the monthly capacity decay rate drops from 3% to 12%; low-capacity batteries are charged with high-voltage fast charging, and no excessive decay occurs (monthly decay rate ≤2.5%).

[0111] III. Operating Revenue: A total of 630 battery swaps were performed during the week, 180 more than the traditional unified solution, resulting in an additional revenue of RMB 1,170 (calculated based on an average increase of RMB 6.5 per swap). The equipment idle rate decreased from 15% to 3%.

[0112] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent operation and maintenance management of battery swapping cabinets, characterized in that, include: S1. Monitor the battery swapping frequency of the battery swapping cabinet, and analyze the peak and off-peak periods based on the time of the battery swapping frequency; S2. Adjust the number of battery swapping bays based on the frequency of battery swapping, and adjust the battery charging voltage based on peak and off-peak periods. S3. Adjust the battery's available power threshold based on the frequency of high and low peak periods; S4. Configure high and low voltage charging positions based on battery swapping frequency; S5. Implement differentiated battery planning and management schemes based on battery capacity.

2. The intelligent operation and maintenance management method for battery swapping cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 includes: S11. Set the battery swapping frequency monitoring cycle, frequency threshold, and time threshold, which can be obtained by recording the battery replacement records and replacement time of the battery swapping cabinet; S12. Monitor the number of battery replacements for the entire cabinet during the battery replacement cycle. This can be obtained by statistically analyzing battery replacement records. S13. Monitor periods when battery swapping occurs frequently; S14. Obtain the frequency level and high-frequency time of the battery swapping cabinet.

3. The intelligent operation and maintenance management method for battery swapping cabinets according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S2 includes: S21. The battery swapping cabinet is designed as a modular unit, the charger is designed as an integrated and detachable unit, and the charger is divided into low-voltage fixed-frequency and high-voltage variable-frequency types. S22. Adjust the number of battery swapping cabinet units according to the frequency level of the battery swapping cabinet; S23. Adjust the charging voltage of the charging module according to the high and low frequency periods of the battery swapping cabinet.

4. The intelligent operation and maintenance management method for battery swapping cabinets according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S23, during high-frequency periods of the battery swapping cabinet, the voltage of the high-voltage inverter charger is increased to achieve rapid battery replenishment and meet the high-frequency battery swapping requirements; during low-frequency periods of the battery swapping cabinet, the voltage of the high-voltage inverter charger is reduced to achieve the effect of protecting the battery and charger through trickle charging.

5. The intelligent operation and maintenance management method for battery swapping cabinets according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S23, when increasing the voltage of the high-voltage inverter charger during high-frequency periods, it is also necessary to monitor the entire charging environment data, including ambient temperature, battery temperature, and the current total charging load of the entire battery swapping cabinet and the total rated load of the battery swapping cabinet, to ensure charging safety.

6. The intelligent operation and maintenance management method for battery swapping cabinets according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S3 involves adjusting the battery swapping rules of the battery swapping cabinets according to the battery swapping frequency levels and corresponding time periods, including: During periods of high-frequency battery swapping, the threshold for swappable batteries is designed to be 70% of the total capacity to ensure high-frequency battery turnover. During periods of low-frequency battery swapping, the threshold for swappable batteries is designed to be 95% of the total, to ensure that users have access to batteries with long battery life. The replacement battery cost is calculated based on the actual charge level of the battery.

7. The intelligent operation and maintenance management method for battery swapping cabinets according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S4, based on the frequency level of the battery swapping cabinet, the ratio of low-voltage fixed-frequency chargers to high-voltage variable-frequency chargers is set for the total number of existing units in the battery swapping cabinet to meet the high-frequency battery swapping requirements and reduce the cost of charger equipment layout. During the charger layout process, the upper units of the battery swapping cabinet are arranged as low-voltage fixed-frequency chargers, and the lower units of the battery swapping cabinet are arranged as high-voltage variable-frequency chargers, so as to facilitate the handling of batteries for high-frequency battery swapping.

8. The intelligent operation and maintenance management method for battery swapping cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5 specifically includes: S51. Number and label each battery and monitor battery capacity decay; S52. Determine the battery number obtained by the user based on the user account, use the battery identifier as a traceability, and implement the battery planning and management scheme by tracking the battery. S53. When a user returns a battery, the battery number is identified to distinguish the return compartment. This specifically includes: For high-capacity batteries, when there are vacant low-voltage charging positions in the battery compartment, the designated low-voltage charging position door will be opened first for the user, so that the high-capacity batteries can be used for low-frequency battery swapping, thereby extending the battery life. For low-capacity batteries, when there is an idle high-voltage charging position in the battery compartment, the designated high-voltage charging position door will be opened first for the user, so that the low-capacity battery can be used for high-frequency battery swapping, thereby avoiding the waste of the energy storage performance of the high-capacity battery.

9. The intelligent operation and maintenance management method for battery swapping cabinets according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S11, the battery swapping frequency monitoring cycle includes: Long cycle, based on statistics of the number of battery swaps performed by the battery swapping cabinet over a long period of time; The medium cycle includes seasonal cycles, with higher battery swapping frequency in summer and lower frequency in winter; and regional cycles, with lower battery swapping frequency near schools during holidays and higher frequency during the start of the school term. Short cycle, low frequency of battery swapping on weekdays, and high frequency of battery swapping on weekends; Different battery swapping cabinet configuration schemes are implemented based on different cycles, and are adjusted by maintenance personnel.

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