BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method and device

Abstract

The invention provides a BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method and device, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the geometric parameters of brick walls and the sizes of the bricks, arranging length-adjustable paired coordination bricks at the two ends of each brick wall, and maintaining the synchronous change of the lengths of odd and even layers, so as to adapt to the length of a non-modular wall and meet the staggered joint lap joint specification; establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking the lower left corner of the wall body as an original point, constructing a ternary orthogonal layout model through key point offset, and forming a parameterized layout model; taking the horizontal mortar joint thickness, the brick layer number, the coordinated brick length and the like as decision variables, performing iterative optimization on the multi-target fitness function by adopting a social network search algorithm, and performing discretization processing on a continuous quantity to obtain an optimal layout parameter; and automatically generating a brick wall model in BIM software through the adaptive brick family and the reference points according to the optimal layout parameters. Precise and automatic design of masonry wall layout is achieved, material waste is effectively reduced, and construction quality and efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building technology, specifically relating to a method and apparatus for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls based on BIM. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of the construction industry, green construction and resource conservation have become the main themes of industry development. As a basic component of buildings, the rationality of the layout design of masonry walls directly affects resource utilization efficiency and construction quality. In the field of masonry engineering, the layout design of straight brick walls is a key link affecting construction quality, material utilization rate, and project efficiency. There are two main representative solutions in the existing technology: one is the traditional on-site brick laying method based on manual experience, in which construction workers manually calculate and adjust the layout by measuring the wall dimensions on-site and combining them with standard brick specifications; the other is the digital layout method based on Building Information Modeling (BIM), which uses modeling software such as Revit to build a three-dimensional model of the brick wall and uses parametric family libraries or rule-driven methods to achieve preliminary automated brick laying.

[0003] However, these existing technical solutions still have significant drawbacks in practical engineering applications. First, traditional manual bricklaying methods are highly dependent on the experience of construction workers, result in serious material waste, and make it difficult to ensure the uniformity of mortar joints, leading to unstable construction quality and significant resource consumption. Second, although BIM technology has improved design efficiency to some extent, existing layout algorithms are not adaptable enough to non-modular wall dimensions, making it difficult to accurately coordinate brick arrangement to meet the requirements of the "Code for Construction of Masonry Structures," and still requiring a large amount of manual intervention and adjustment.

[0004] A BIM-based method for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls enables parametric modeling and automatic brick arrangement of non-modular walls, thereby improving the utilization rate of masonry materials, the accuracy of mortar joint thickness control, and the construction quality and efficiency of brick walls. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a BIM-based method for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls. The solution can automatically generate the optimal brick arrangement scheme while considering the geometric dimensions of the wall, the brick assembly method, and the constraints of the specifications. This improves the automation and standardization of brick wall layout design, reduces material cutting waste, and enhances the overall construction quality and resource utilization efficiency of masonry projects.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a BIM-based method for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls, the method comprising: Obtain the wall length, wall height, and standard brick size parameters of the target straight brick wall, set the allowable range of vertical and horizontal mortar joint thickness, and set a pair of coordinating bricks at both ends of each brick wall. The length of the coordinating bricks is adjustable within a preset discrete range determined based on the relationship between the wall length and the brick length, and the length of the coordinating bricks in odd-numbered layers and even-numbered layers changes synchronously. The combination arrangement of the end bricks and coordinating bricks in odd-numbered and even-numbered layers meets the staggered joint requirements specified in the masonry code. A rectangular coordinate system is constructed with the lower left corner of the wall as the origin. The coordinates of key points are determined based on the geometric boundary of the wall and the arrangement relationship of the bricks at the ends of the odd and even layers. The positions of the bricks and the middle whole bricks are located and coordinated through offset processing. A three-dimensional orthogonal layout model with horizontal, vertical and end offsets as three-dimensional orthogonal quantities is established. A parametric layout model describing the arrangement relationship of the whole straight brick wall is generated based on the three-dimensional orthogonal layout model. Based on the parametric layout model, a multi-objective fitness function is constructed using a discrete decision variable vector containing horizontal mortar joint thickness, number of brick layers, length of coordinating bricks, and the number of whole bricks in the middle of odd and even layers as individuals in the population. Based on this objective fitness function, a social network search algorithm is used to iteratively optimize the individuals in the population within a preset search space. During the iteration process, the fitness values ​​of each individual in the population are calculated according to the multi-objective fitness function, and the population is updated to obtain the optimal layout parameters that satisfy the masonry geometric constraints. During the iteration process, intermediate calculation results involving continuous quantities are discretized. In BIM software, an adaptive brick family of whole bricks, seven-tenths bricks, and coordinated bricks is pre-established. The edge lines corresponding to the wall length and wall height are selected as horizontal and vertical reference lines. Based on the optimal layout parameters, the placement reference points of each layer of bricks and each brick are generated on the reference lines. The adaptive brick family is called to make the bricks automatically arranged according to the reference points and the brick length is adaptively adjusted to generate a straight brick wall BIM model consistent with the optimal layout parameters.

[0007] The present invention provides a BIM-based method for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls. By acquiring the geometric parameters of the wall and the dimensions of the bricks, it sets adjustable-length coordinated bricks at both ends of each brick layer, while maintaining synchronous changes in odd and even layers, effectively solving the size adaptation problem of non-modular walls. A ternary orthogonal layout model is established, constructing a rectangular coordinate system with the lower left corner of the wall as the origin, and accurately locating the bricks based on key point offsets. In the optimization solution stage, a social network search algorithm is used, employing horizontal mortar joint thickness, number of brick layers, and coordinated brick length as decision variables to construct a multi-objective fitness function including length constraints, height constraints, material usage, and mortar joint optimization. Through iterative optimization and discretization of continuous variables, the results are ensured to meet construction requirements. BIM parametric modeling enables the automatic generation of placement reference points based on optimal layout parameters, and adaptive brick families are used to achieve intelligent brick arrangement and size adjustment, generating a BIM model that can directly guide construction. The technical solution of this invention, through the deep integration of BIM technology and intelligent algorithms, realizes the transformation of masonry wall layout from experience-based judgment to scientific decision-making, reduces material loss rate, improves construction efficiency, accurately controls mortar joint thickness, and significantly improves the standardization of building construction and resource utilization efficiency.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, the arrangement of the end bricks of the odd-numbered layers and even-numbered layers satisfies at least one of the following layout scenarios: Odd-numbered layers end with header bricks whose length is equal to the width of a standard brick, while even-numbered layers end with seven-tenths bricks. Odd-numbered layers end with 7-point bricks, and even-numbered layers end with header bricks whose length is equal to the width of a standard brick; Among them, the length of the seven-tenths brick is four-sevenths of the length of the standard whole brick, and the coordinating bricks are located at both ends of each layer of bricks and are arranged adjacent to the end seven-tenths bricks or header bricks.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the discrete decision variable vector is denoted as [ x 1 ，x 2 ，x 3 ，x 4 ，x 5], of which: x 1 represents the thickness of the horizontal mortar joint, which is a discrete value among 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm, and 12mm; x 2 represents the number of brick layers, in order to satisfy x 2 = H w / (h b + x 1) an integer; x 3 represents the brick length, which is an integer within the range [90mm, 190mm]. x 4 represents the number of whole bricks in the middle of odd-numbered layers, and is the interval [0, (L... w 2 x 3 l b′ ) / (l b + d l Integers within )]; x 5 represents the number of whole bricks in the middle of even-numbered layers, and is the interval [0, (L... w 2 x 3 w b ) / (l b + d l Integers within )]; Among them, H w h is the height of the wall. b l is the height of the brick. b l is the length of the whole brick b′ The length of a seven-tenths brick, d l The vertical seam thickness. In some embodiments of the present invention, the multi-objective fitness function includes the following five objective items: The deviation P1 between the horizontal layout length of the odd-numbered brick layers and the length of the wall; The deviation P2 between the horizontal layout length of even-numbered brick layers and the length of the wall; The deviation P3 between the longitudinal layout height of the bricks and the height of the wall; The total number of brick layers in the brick wall is P4; The deviation P5 between the horizontal mortar joint thickness and the preset target mortar joint thickness; The multi-objective fitness function is obtained by linearly weighting and summing the five objective terms after normalization.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the weights of P1 to P5 are determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), constructing an evaluation model with an index system that includes odd-numbered brick layout, even-numbered brick layout, vertical brick layout, number of brick layers, and mortar joint thickness. The weight vector ω = [0.3621, 0.3621, 0.1607, 0.0389, 0.0762] is obtained by using the eigenvalue method of the judgment matrix. The weights are then used as the weight coefficients for the linear weighted sum after a consistency check.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the social network search algorithm includes the following iterative update operation: Initialize the population individuals within the preset search boundary and calculate their fitness values; At least one of the four behavioral modes of imitation, dialogue, debate and innovation is randomly selected to update the population of individuals. Imitation adjusts the individual position by the degree of influence and popularity of the individual being followed. Dialogue updates the individual position by the individual fitness difference and opinion difference. Debate adjusts the individual position by the group average opinion and permission factor. Innovation generates new individuals by introducing random perturbation on a random dimension. After each behavior pattern update, the fitness value is recalculated and the global optimal solution is updated until the maximum number of iterations or the convergence condition is reached.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, during the iterative optimization process of the social network search algorithm, continuous variables involving horizontal mortar joint thickness, number of brick layers, length of coordinated bricks, and number of whole bricks in the odd and even layers are discretized using a Gaussian function. For each continuous variable, generate two adjacent integer candidate values, and use Gaussian operation to select the integer closest to the original continuous value as the value of the discrete decision variable for that dimension.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, adaptive brick families of whole bricks, seven-tenths bricks, and coordinated bricks are created in BIM software that supports adaptive components, and the following steps are performed using a visual programming tool: Based on the brick height h b With vertical mortar joint thickness d l Construct an equally spaced sequence and generate vertical layout reference points for each brick layer on the vertical reference line; Based on the number of whole bricks in the odd and even layers of the optimal layout parameters and the length of the coordinated bricks, calculate the lateral distance between each brick in each layer and generate lateral layout reference points on the horizontal reference line. Based on the vertical and horizontal layout reference points, the positioning points of each brick in the layout plane are generated, and the adaptive brick family is called to automatically generate brick components according to the positioning points.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the visual programming tool obtains the horizontal mortar joint thickness, number of brick layers, length of coordinating bricks, and number of whole bricks in the middle of odd and even layers of each brick by reading an external table file that summarizes the optimal layout parameters. The parameters are mapped to the coordinates of four placement points of each brick in the layout plane. The adaptive brick family is loaded using the interface for instantiating adaptive components based on point coordinates. This allows the lengths of whole bricks, seven-tenths bricks, and coordinating bricks to be adaptively adjusted while ensuring that the length, height, and staggered joint relationship of the wall remain unchanged, and a BIM layout model of a straight brick wall is generated.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effect of this invention lies in its ability to effectively solve the size matching problem of non-modular walls through a coordinated dynamic brick adaptation mechanism. Adjustable (90-190mm) coordinating bricks are set at both ends of each brick layer, and the odd and even layers change synchronously, allowing the brick arrangement to naturally fit the actual wall size and reducing material cutting waste.

[0016] By establishing a ternary orthogonal layout model, the complex two-dimensional bin packing problem is transformed into a quantifiable geometric model. A Cartesian coordinate system is constructed with the lower left corner of the wall as the origin, and the brick positions are accurately located based on key point offsets, providing a precise mathematical basis for the optimization algorithm.

[0017] A social network search algorithm is applied for multi-objective optimization, using factors such as horizontal mortar joint thickness and the number of brick layers as decision variables. Operators such as imitation and dialogue are employed to achieve efficient optimization. This method significantly improves the rationality and economy of layout schemes.

[0018] Seamless integration of digital design and construction is achieved through BIM parametric modeling. Placement reference points are automatically generated based on optimal parameters, and intelligent layout is realized using adaptive brick families.

[0019] A second aspect of the present invention provides a BIM-based system for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls, comprising: The parameter preprocessing and coordination mechanism configuration module is used to obtain the wall length, wall height and standard brick size parameters of the target straight brick wall, set the allowable range of vertical and horizontal mortar joint thickness, and set a pair of coordination bricks at both ends of each brick wall. The length of the coordination bricks is adjustable within a preset discrete range determined based on the relationship between the wall length and the brick length. The length of the coordination bricks in odd-numbered layers and even-numbered layers changes synchronously. The combination arrangement of the end bricks and coordination bricks in odd-numbered and even-numbered layers meets the staggered joint requirements specified in the masonry code. The ternary orthogonal layout model construction module is used to construct a rectangular coordinate system with the lower left corner of the wall as the origin, determine the coordinates of key points based on the geometric boundary of the wall and the arrangement relationship of the odd and even layer end bricks, locate and coordinate the positions of bricks and the middle whole bricks through offset processing, establish a ternary orthogonal layout model with horizontal, vertical and end offset as three-dimensional orthogonal quantities, and generate a parametric layout model describing the arrangement relationship of the whole straight brick wall based on the ternary orthogonal layout model. The intelligent algorithm optimization and solution module is used to construct a multi-objective fitness function based on the parameterized layout model, using discrete decision variable vectors containing horizontal mortar joint thickness, number of brick layers, length of coordinating bricks, and number of whole bricks in the middle of odd and even layers as individuals in the population. Based on the objective fitness function, a social network search algorithm is used to iteratively optimize the discrete decision variables within a preset search space. During the iteration process, the fitness values ​​of each individual in the population are calculated according to the multi-objective fitness function, and the population is updated to obtain the optimal layout parameters that satisfy the masonry geometric constraints. During the iteration process, intermediate calculation results involving continuous quantities are discretized. The BIM parametric modeling implementation module is used to pre-create adaptive brick families of whole bricks, 7 / 8 bricks, and coordinated bricks in BIM software. It selects the edge lines corresponding to the wall length and wall height as horizontal and vertical reference lines. Based on the optimal layout parameters, it generates placement reference points for each layer of bricks and each brick on the reference lines. It calls the adaptive brick family to automatically arrange the bricks according to the reference points and adaptively adjust the brick length to generate a straight brick wall BIM model consistent with the optimal layout parameters.

[0020] A third aspect of the present invention provides a BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization device, characterized in that the device includes a computer device, the computer device includes a processor and a memory, the processor stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed, the device implements the BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method.

[0021] Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and will also become apparent in part to those skilled in the art upon studying the text, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description and the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Those skilled in the art will understand that the objectives and advantages achievable with the present invention are not limited to those specifically described above, and that the above and other objectives achievable with the present invention will become clearer from the following detailed description. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0024] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a BIM-based method for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This invention provides a conventional brick wall constructed using a continuous masonry method.

[0026] Figure 3 shows an L-shaped brick wall provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 shows a T-shaped brick wall provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This invention provides a T-shaped brick wall.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a scenario under a coordinated layout strategy for a fully continuous brick wall, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of scenario two under a coordinated layout strategy for a fully continuous brick wall provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a coordinated layout strategy for an L-shaped, fully continuous brick wall, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a coordinated layout strategy for a T-shaped continuous brick wall provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a coordinated layout strategy for a cross-shaped, fully continuous brick wall, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular coordinate system for a brick wall model provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0038] The following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further detailed explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terminology used in this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention.

[0039] In the field of building technology, the construction of walls must follow industry standards. In order to ensure that the forces in the horizontal and vertical directions of the wall can be distributed reasonably and evenly, the principle of "staggered joint" must be followed during the construction process. That is, the vertical mortar joints of the upper and lower courses of bricks in the wall should be staggered according to a certain pattern to ensure the strength and stability of the wall.

[0040] In brick walls, bricks laid with their long sides parallel to the wall surface are called header bricks, and those laid with their long sides perpendicular to the wall surface are called stretcher bricks. Each layer of bricks is called a course of bricks. The mortar joints between courses of bricks are called horizontal joints, and the joints between adjacent bricks are called vertical joints. The mortar joints in brick masonry should be horizontal and vertical, and of uniform thickness. The "Code for Construction of Masonry Structures" stipulates that the thickness of horizontal mortar joints and the width of vertical mortar joints should preferably be 10mm, but should not be less than 8mm and should not be greater than 12mm.

[0041] The main weakness of existing brick structures is the lack of structural integrity. Insufficient connections between adjacent elements can lead to the collapse of parts of the walls, resulting in the outward overturning and destruction of the entire wall surface. Therefore, the quality of bricklaying at wall corners and intersections has a crucial impact on the integrity and stability of the wall. The "Code for Construction of Masonry Structures" specifies the following requirements for construction practices: corners and intersections of longitudinal and transverse walls should be constructed simultaneously; separate construction of inner and outer walls without reliable measures is strictly prohibited; temporary interruptions that cannot be constructed simultaneously should be laid with a sloping joint, the horizontal projection length of which should not be less than 2 / 3 of the height. The quality of bricklaying is not only related to the construction method but also inseparable from a reasonable brick layout. Bricklaying methods at wall corners and intersections include L-shaped, T-shaped, and cross-shaped arrangements. To ensure the staggered overlap rate of upper and lower courses of bricks and good connection performance at intersections, the layout of masonry walls needs to shift from experience-based judgment to scientific decision-making, achieving intelligent brick arrangement and size adjustment, and generating a BIM model that can directly guide construction. Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a BIM-based method for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1, such as Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a BIM-based method for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls, the method comprising the following steps: Obtain the wall length, wall height, and standard brick size parameters of the target straight brick wall, set the allowable range of vertical and horizontal mortar joint thickness, and set a pair of coordinating bricks at both ends of each brick wall. The length of the coordinating bricks is adjustable within a preset discrete range determined based on the relationship between the wall length and the brick length, and the length of the coordinating bricks in odd-numbered layers and even-numbered layers changes synchronously. The combination arrangement of the end bricks and coordinating bricks in odd-numbered and even-numbered layers meets the staggered joint requirements specified in the masonry code. A rectangular coordinate system is constructed with the lower left corner of the wall as the origin. The coordinates of key points are determined based on the geometric boundary of the wall and the arrangement relationship of the bricks at the ends of the odd and even layers. The positions of the bricks and the middle whole bricks are located and coordinated through offset processing. A three-dimensional orthogonal layout model with horizontal, vertical and end offsets as three-dimensional orthogonal quantities is established. A parametric layout model describing the arrangement relationship of the whole straight brick wall is generated based on the three-dimensional orthogonal layout model. Based on the parametric layout model, a multi-objective fitness function is constructed using discrete decision variable vectors, including horizontal mortar joint thickness, number of brick layers, length of coordinating bricks, and the number of whole bricks in the middle of odd and even layers, as the population individuals. Based on the objective fitness function, a social network search algorithm is used to iteratively optimize the discrete decision variables within a preset search space. During the iteration process, the fitness values ​​of each population individual are calculated according to the multi-objective fitness function, and the population is updated to obtain the optimal layout parameters that satisfy the masonry geometric constraints. During the iteration process, intermediate calculation results involving continuous quantities are discretized. In BIM software, an adaptive brick family of whole bricks, seven-tenths bricks, and coordinated bricks is pre-established. The edge lines corresponding to the wall length and wall height are selected as horizontal and vertical reference lines. Based on the optimal layout parameters, the placement reference points of each layer of bricks and each brick are generated on the reference lines. The adaptive brick family is called to make the bricks automatically arranged according to the reference points and the brick length is adaptively adjusted to generate a straight brick wall BIM model consistent with the optimal layout parameters.

[0043] The present invention provides a BIM-based method for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls. By acquiring the geometric parameters of the wall and the dimensions of the bricks, it sets adjustable-length coordinated bricks at both ends of each brick layer, while maintaining synchronous changes in odd and even layers, effectively solving the size adaptation problem of non-modular walls. A ternary orthogonal layout model is established, constructing a rectangular coordinate system with the lower left corner of the wall as the origin, and accurately locating the bricks based on key point offsets. In the optimization solution stage, a social network search algorithm is used, employing horizontal mortar joint thickness, number of brick layers, and coordinated brick length as decision variables to construct a multi-objective fitness function including length constraints, height constraints, material usage, and mortar joint optimization. Through iterative optimization and discretization of continuous variables, the results are ensured to meet construction requirements. BIM parametric modeling enables the automatic generation of placement reference points based on optimal layout parameters, and adaptive brick families are used to achieve intelligent brick arrangement and size adjustment, generating a BIM model that can directly guide construction. The technical solution of this invention, through the deep integration of BIM technology and intelligent algorithms, realizes the transformation of masonry wall layout from experience-based judgment to scientific decision-making, reduces material loss rate, improves construction efficiency, accurately controls mortar joint thickness, and significantly improves the standardization of building construction and resource utilization efficiency.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present invention, the arrangement of the end bricks of the odd-numbered layers and even-numbered layers satisfies at least one of the following layout scenarios: Odd-numbered layers end with header bricks whose length is equal to the width of a standard brick, while even-numbered layers end with seven-tenths bricks. Odd-numbered layers end with 7-point bricks, and even-numbered layers end with header bricks whose length is equal to the width of a standard brick; Among them, the length of the seven-tenths brick is four-sevenths of the length of the standard whole brick, and the coordinating bricks are located at both ends of each layer of bricks and are arranged adjacent to the end seven-tenths bricks or header bricks.

[0045] The bricklaying method refers to the arrangement of bricks in a wall. From the elevation of the wall, there are various bricklaying methods, such as all header, all stretcher, one stretcher and one header, staggered header, three stretchers and one header, and two flat and one side.

[0046] This embodiment mainly introduces the all-sequential laying method. All-sequential laying refers to a laying method in which each course of bricks is laid in the same direction. The following are four examples of the all-sequential laying method.

[0047] As shown in Figure 2, in a typical brick wall, the vertical mortar joints of the upper and lower layers are staggered by half the brick length. This form is suitable for half-brick walls.

[0048] As shown in Figure 3, the L-shaped brick walls intersect with each other. The intersection of the horizontal and vertical walls on odd-numbered floors is made of 7 / 8 bricks, and the intersection of the horizontal and vertical walls on even-numbered floors is also made of 7 / 8 bricks.

[0049] like Figure 4The T-shaped brick walls shown have odd-numbered floors where the ends of the longitudinal walls are made of 1 / 2-inch bricks. Even-numbered floors have transverse walls that are separated by longitudinal walls, with each transverse and longitudinal wall ending in a 1 / 2-inch brick.

[0050] As shown in Figure 5, in the cross-shaped brick wall, the odd-numbered vertical walls are separated by horizontal walls at the intersection, with a 0.7-meter brick at the end of each vertical wall at the intersection. The even-numbered horizontal walls are separated by vertical walls at the intersection, with a 0.7-meter brick at the end of each horizontal wall at the intersection. Taking a brick wall constructed using the full-length bricklaying method as an example, if the wall length does not meet the modular length requirement (i.e., the wall length is not an integer multiple of the brick length), whole bricks need to be cut to complete the brick wall layout. Simultaneously, considering the specific technical specifications for masonry engineering and common construction practices, this embodiment provides a coordinated layout strategy. Coordinating bricks are introduced into each course of bricks in the wall layout to coordinate the completion of the non-modular wall layout.

[0051] Harmonious bricks have the following characteristics: (1) Each layer of bricks contains two bricks, located at the two ends of the wall.

[0052] 2) If the length of the brick wall is the modular dimension under ideal conditions, the length in the brick wall layout plane is equal to the width of the modular brick.

[0053] (3) If the length of the brick wall is a non-modular dimension, the maximum length in the brick wall layout plane is equal to the brick length.

[0054] (4) The adjustable length range of the brick is 0-100mm.

[0055] (5) The lengths of the bricks in the odd-numbered and even-numbered layers change synchronously.

[0056] In order to effectively coordinate the layout of brick walls of different lengths, the effective adjustable length of the coordinating bricks in each layer of bricks in the wall must be greater than the total length of the brick and mortar joint thickness.

[0057] With a specification of 190mm 90mm 40mm (length) Width Taking the high-quality sand-lime bricks as an example, this paper elaborates on the coordinated layout rules of the two masonry forms.

[0058] For brick walls constructed using a full-length masonry method, there are two layout scenarios. The difference between these two layout scenarios lies in the end bricks of the odd and even layers.

[0059] In the first layout scenario, such as Figure 6As shown, the ends of odd-numbered layers are header bricks with a length of 90mm, and the ends of even-numbered layers are seven-point bricks. Among them, the first brick C after the coordinating brick in the odd-numbered layers is a seven-point brick; Figure (a) shows the traverse wall containing the shortest coordinating brick; Figure (b) shows the traverse wall containing the longest coordinating brick.

[0060] In the second layout scenario, such as Figure 7 As shown, the ends of odd-numbered layers are 7-point bricks, and the ends of even-numbered layers are header bricks with a length of 90mm. Among them, the first brick C after the coordinating brick in the even-numbered layer is a 7-point brick; Figure (a) shows the traverse wall containing the shortest coordinating brick; Figure (b) shows the traverse wall containing the longest coordinating brick.

[0061] These two layout scenarios share the same brick types, both containing header bricks, 7 / 8 bricks, whole bricks, and matching bricks. Sand-lime bricks (190 90 The default length of a 40mm³ brick is 140mm. Within the layout plane of the brick wall, the coordinating bricks at the ends of each brick layer are placed symmetrically, with an initial length of 90mm and a maximum length of 190mm. The adjustable length range of each brick layer is 0-200mm, which is greater than the total length of the brick and mortar joint thickness.

[0062] The above example does not take into account the overlapping of bricks at the corner. Similarly, the coordinated layout strategy will be applied to the intersection brick wall. The application of the coordinated layout strategy in the three types of intersection brick walls will be discussed below.

[0063] 1) L-shaped brick walls As shown in Figure 8, the arrangement of transverse and longitudinal walls in a fully continuous brick wall is consistent with the application scenario of the aforementioned coordinated layout strategy. Therefore, the coordinated layout strategy is feasible in fully continuous brick walls with L-shaped intersections.

[0064] 2) T-shaped intersecting walls In a fully longitudinal brick wall, the transverse walls can be divided into two parts, A and B, as shown in Figure 9. The odd-numbered end bricks of the selected section are equivalent in length to seven-tenths of a brick, which conforms to the application scenario of the aforementioned coordinated layout strategy; the longitudinal walls also clearly conform to the application scenario of the aforementioned coordinated layout strategy. Therefore, the coordinated layout strategy is feasible in fully longitudinal walls with T-shaped intersections.

[0065] 3) Cross-shaped walls In a traverse brick wall, the transverse walls are divided into two parts, A and B, as follows: Figure 10As shown, the bricks at the odd-numbered ends of the selected section are equivalent in length to seven-tenths of a brick, which aligns with the application scenario of the aforementioned coordinated layout strategy. Similarly, when the longitudinal wall is divided into two parts, A and B, the bricks at the even-numbered ends of the selected section are equivalent in length to seven-tenths of a brick, also aligning with the application scenario of the aforementioned coordinated layout strategy. Therefore, the coordinated layout strategy is feasible in a cross-shaped, fully parallel brick wall.

[0066] To address the unique challenges of brick wall layout, a ternary orthogonal layout model is proposed for optimizing brick wall placement. Taking layout scenario one as an example, the creation process of the ternary orthogonal layout model under the full-sequence bricklaying method is explained.

[0067] To determine the position of a brick within a wall, a Cartesian coordinate system needs to be established for the wall model (the model to which the brick is attached), such as... Figure 11 As shown, the bottom left vertex of the wall model is the origin, the bottom edge of the wall model (length L) is the X-axis, and the left side of the wall model (height H) is the Y-axis. Based on the geometric principle that three points not on the same straight line determine a plane, specifically, these three points are the intersection points of the plane's edges, collectively referred to as key points. First, we determine the three key points in the wall model: the origin A(X... A ,Y A ), the top left vertex B(X) of the wall model B ,Y B The lower right coordinate of the wall model is C(X). C ,Y C For a fully continuous brick wall, the ends of odd-numbered layers are made of seven-tenths bricks, and the ends of even-numbered layers are made of header bricks. Therefore, the three key points can be offset by a corresponding distance. Point A, after being offset by the corresponding distance, becomes the lower left coordinate A'(X) of the lower left coordinating brick in the brick wall. A’ ,Y A’ Point B, after being offset by the corresponding distance, becomes the upper left coordinate B'(X) of the upper left coordinating brick in the brick wall. B’ ,Y B’ Point C, after being offset by the corresponding distance, becomes the lower right coordinate C'(X) of the lower right coordinating brick in the brick wall. C’ ,Y C’ ) .

[0068] Excluding the bricks at the ends of the brick wall, the overlapping method of the other intermediate bricks follows the aforementioned coordinated layout strategy. Therefore, once the coordinates of the three key points are determined in the brick wall model coordinate system, the brick layout details of the entire wall can be obtained.

[0069] In some embodiments of the present invention, the discrete decision variable vector is denoted as [ x 1 ，x 2 ，x 3 ，x4 ，x 5], of which: x 1 represents the thickness of the horizontal mortar joint, which is a discrete value among 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm, and 12mm; x 2 represents the number of brick layers, in order to satisfy x 2 = H w / (h b + x 1) an integer; x 3 represents the brick length, which is an integer within the range [90mm, 190mm]. x 4 represents the number of whole bricks in the middle of odd-numbered layers, and is the interval [0, (L... w 2 x 3 l b′ ) / (l b + d l Integers within )]; x 5 represents the number of whole bricks in the middle of even-numbered layers, and is the interval [0, (L... w 2 x 3 w b ) / (l b + d l Integers within )]; Among them, H w h is the height of the wall. b l is the height of the brick. b l is the length of the whole brick b′ The length of a seven-tenths brick, d l This refers to the thickness of the vertical seam.

[0070] In some embodiments of the present invention, the multi-objective fitness function includes the following five objective items: The deviation P1 between the horizontal layout length of the odd-numbered brick layers and the length of the wall; The deviation P2 between the horizontal layout length of even-numbered brick layers and the length of the wall; The deviation P3 between the longitudinal layout height of the bricks and the height of the wall; The total number of brick layers in the brick wall is P4; The deviation P5 between the horizontal mortar joint thickness and the preset target mortar joint thickness; The multi-objective fitness function is obtained by linearly weighting and summing the five objective terms after normalization.

[0071] In some embodiments of the present invention, the weights of P1 to P5 are determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), constructing an evaluation model with an index system that includes odd-numbered brick layout, even-numbered brick layout, vertical brick layout, number of brick layers, and mortar joint thickness. The weight vector ω = [0.3621, 0.3621, 0.1607, 0.0389, 0.0762] is obtained by using the eigenvalue method of the judgment matrix. The weights are then used as the weight coefficients for the linear weighted sum after a consistency check.

[0072] In some embodiments of the present invention, the social network search algorithm includes the following iterative update operation: Initialize the population individuals within the preset search boundary and calculate their fitness values; At least one of the four behavioral modes of imitation, dialogue, debate and innovation is randomly selected to update the population of individuals. Imitation adjusts the individual position by the degree of influence and popularity of the individual being followed. Dialogue updates the individual position by the individual fitness difference and opinion difference. Debate adjusts the individual position by the group average opinion and permission factor. Innovation generates new individuals by introducing random perturbation on a random dimension. After each behavior pattern update, the fitness value is recalculated and the global optimal solution is updated until the maximum number of iterations or the convergence condition is reached.

[0073] In some embodiments of the present invention, during the iterative optimization process of the social network search algorithm, continuous variables involving horizontal mortar joint thickness, number of brick layers, length of coordinated bricks, and number of whole bricks in the odd and even layers are discretized using a Gaussian function. For each continuous variable, generate two adjacent integer candidate values, and use Gaussian operation to select the integer closest to the original continuous value as the value of the discrete decision variable for that dimension.

[0074] The goal of brick wall layout is to properly bond bricks and cement mortar to form a strong and stable whole. According to design standards and construction requirements, the brick wall layout must meet certain constraints. These constraints are limited by the wall dimensions, the bricklaying method, and the size of the bricks.

[0075] Taking layout scenario one as an example, the values ​​of the decision variables in the ternary orthogonal layout model are explained.

[0076] In brick wall layout, the height of each course of brickwork is determined by the height of the bricks and the thickness of the horizontal mortar joints. Although the bricklaying methods differ, the height of the bricks remains constant. Therefore, the brickwork layout along the wall's height is achieved by adjusting the thickness of the horizontal mortar joints and the number of courses. All horizontal mortar joints change synchronously, with their values ​​conforming to the technical specifications for brick wall mortar joints. Considering ease of on-site construction, the thickness of all horizontal mortar joints is... xRounding is applied to the nearest whole number, including 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm, and 12mm. The number of brick courses multiplied by 2 depends on the wall height H. w With brick height H b The ratio, since the number of brick layers is an integer, therefore x The value of 2 should be within the range Integers within.

[0077] Since the brick wall layout process is repetitive, only the arrangement of odd-numbered and even-numbered layers needs to be considered. Here, the vertical mortar joint thickness... d l Set a fixed value of 10mm. Adjust the length of the bricks accordingly. x 3. As described in section 1.2.2, the coordinated layout strategy, represents any value within the interval [90, 190]. Considering ease of construction, this value is rounded down, i.e., the adjustable length of the coordinated bricks is determined. x 3 is an integer within the interval [90, 190]. The number of whole bricks in the middle of odd-numbered layers. x 4 depends on the wall length L w With brick length L b The ratio, since the number of bricks is an integer, therefore x 4 represents the interval [0, int( Integers within )].

[0078] Similarly, the number of whole bricks in the middle of even-numbered layers x 5 is the interval Integers within.

[0079] In the brick wall layout problem, continuous variables are treated as discrete individuals, and a Gaussian function is used to perform rounding on each continuous variable. Specifically, after rounding, each continuous variable produces two integers, and the Gaussian operation produces the integer closest to its own size, as shown in formula (1).

[0080] (1) Furthermore, based on the problem's objectives and constraints, a penalty function is constructed to form the vertical fitness function. Since the vertical optimization model involves multiple objectives with inconsistent dimensions, a normalization method is used to eliminate the differences in dimensions between objectives before forming the fitness function, and a linear weighting method is introduced to transform the multi-objective problem into a single-objective problem.

[0081] The first step is to construct five penalty functions, namely: 1) The brick layout of odd-numbered layers should meet the brick wall length constraint, that is, the horizontal layout length of the bricks. X C With the length of the wall L wThe relative distance between them should be as small as possible. The corresponding objective function is: P 1, as shown in formula (2).

[0082] (2) 2) Similarly, the layout of even-numbered brick layers should also satisfy the brick wall length constraint, and the corresponding objective function is P2. As shown in formula (3): G = 2 lf + 2( x 3+ dl ) + x 5( kb + dl ) - dl (3)

[0083] 3) The brick layout should meet the height constraints of the brick wall, that is, the longitudinal layout height of the bricks. Y B' With wall height H w The relative distance between them should be as small as possible. The corresponding objective function is: P 3. As shown in formula (4): (4) 4) To reduce material waste, the use of bricks needs to be optimized, that is, the number of brick layers in the wall should be as small as possible. The corresponding objective function is P 4, as shown in formula (5): P 4( x ) = x 2 5) The optimal mortar joint thickness for brick walls is 10mm, therefore the mortar joint thickness should be as close to 10mm as possible. The corresponding objective function... P 5. As shown in formula (6): (6) in, X A' , X B' , X C' Points in sequence A '、 B '、 C The x-coordinate of '; Y A' , Y B' ,Y C' Points in sequence A '、 B '、 C The y-axis of '; d l This refers to the thickness of the vertical mortar joint. l b The length of the brick; W b The width of the brick; H w The width of the brick; l b' It is seven-tenths of the brick's length; l f End (coordinate the left and right ends of the brick) brick length.

[0084] The second step is to normalize the above penalty function: To reduce the influence of the dimensions and scale of the objective functions on the weights, the Max-Min normalization method is used to preprocess the five objective functions, as shown in formula (7): (7) The third step is to obtain the fitness function: Transforming a multi-objective problem into a single-objective problem through linear weighting is a common method for handling multi-objective optimization problems. This paper applies the linear weighting method to five objectives. Pi By performing weighted summation, the fitness function for optimizing the straight brick wall layout is obtained, as shown in formula (8): Mininze

[0085] (8) Among them, weight ω i ≥ 0, i = 1......5.

[0086] Weights determine the importance of each objective in the overall solution and serve as the basis for decision-making in multi-objective optimization problems. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), as a decision analysis method combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, is frequently used to determine the weights of various indicators in multi-objective problems.

[0087] In some embodiments of the present invention, adaptive brick families of whole bricks, seven-tenths bricks, and coordinated bricks are created in BIM software that supports adaptive components, and the following steps are performed using a visual programming tool: Based on the brick height h b With vertical mortar joint thickness d l Construct an equally spaced sequence and generate vertical layout reference points for each brick layer on the vertical reference line; Based on the number of whole bricks in the odd and even layers of the optimal layout parameters and the length of the coordinated bricks, calculate the lateral distance between each brick in each layer and generate lateral layout reference points on the horizontal reference line. Based on the vertical and horizontal layout reference points, the positioning points of each brick in the layout plane are generated, and the adaptive brick family is called to automatically generate brick components according to the positioning points.

[0088] In some embodiments of the present invention, the visual programming tool obtains the horizontal mortar joint thickness, number of brick layers, length of coordinating bricks, and number of whole bricks in the middle of odd and even layers of each brick by reading an external table file that summarizes the optimal layout parameters. The parameters are mapped to the coordinates of four placement points of each brick in the layout plane. The adaptive brick family is loaded using the interface for instantiating adaptive components based on point coordinates. This allows the lengths of whole bricks, seven-tenths bricks, and coordinating bricks to be adaptively adjusted while ensuring that the length, height, and staggered joint relationship of the wall remain unchanged, and a BIM layout model of a straight brick wall is generated.

[0089] In this embodiment, an adaptive brick family is created using Revit. The brick wall layout problem requires the use of three different brick sizes, with a size of 140. 90 40mm3 (length) Width (High) 7-tenths brick, 190 90 40 mm3 (length) Width The system uses three types of bricks: high-density (HDD) sand-lime bricks and standard bricks with a width of 90mm, a height of 40mm, and a length determined by the wall length. Adaptive brick families are created to achieve adaptive size variations for these three types of bricks. The basic steps for creating an adaptive brick family are as follows: 1. Start Revit and open the "Adaptive Metric Standard Model.rft" family template.

[0090] 2. Select "Create" and place the four reference points of the brick in the reference plane in a counter-clockwise order.

[0091] 3. Click the "Modify | Reference Point" tab, then select the "Adaptive Component" panel to make the reference point an adaptive point. At this point, the four numbered adaptive points will be highlighted. 4. Click "Reference" - "Line" in the "Create" tab to turn on "3D Snap", and connect the adaptive points in sequence.

[0092] 5. Select "Wall or Chain", in the "Modify | Shape Element" tab, select "Shape", and then click "Create Shape" - "Solid Shape" to generate a planar quadrilateral.

[0093] 6. Modify the positive offset distance in the left-hand properties panel to 90mm, which is the brick width, to obtain the adaptive brick family.

[0094] 7. Click "Properties" - "Family Type" in the "Modify" tab. Enter the Family Type interface and add the brick width and brick material parameters accordingly.

[0095] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The technical solution of this invention achieves precise layout of non-modular walls by introducing a dynamic adaptation mechanism for coordinated bricks. Pairs of coordinated bricks with an adjustable length range of 90-190mm are placed at both ends of each brick layer, and the lengths of the coordinated bricks in odd-numbered and even-numbered layers are controlled to change synchronously. This effectively solves the problem of material waste caused by size mismatch in traditional masonry wall layouts. Through the coordinated use of these bricks in conjunction with end seven-tenths bricks or header bricks, the brick arrangement naturally conforms to the actual dimensions of the wall, while simultaneously meeting the mandatory requirements for staggered joints in the "Code for Construction of Masonry Structures".

[0096] By constructing a ternary orthogonal layout model, the digital transformation and precise representation of masonry wall layout problems were achieved. A rectangular coordinate system was established with the lower left corner of the wall as the origin. The coordinates of key points were determined based on the geometric boundary of the wall and the arrangement relationship of bricks at the ends of odd and even layers. The positions of coordinated bricks and central whole bricks were accurately located through offset processing.

[0097] This model transforms the complex two-dimensional bin packing problem into a quantifiable geometric model, providing a precise mathematical foundation for subsequent algorithm optimization.

[0098] By applying a social network search algorithm for multi-objective optimization, a comprehensive optimal solution for the layout scheme was achieved. A multi-objective fitness function was constructed using a discrete decision variable vector containing factors such as horizontal mortar joint thickness, number of brick layers, length of coordinating bricks, and the number of whole bricks in the middle of odd and even layers as the population. This function integrates length constraints, height constraints, material usage optimization, and mortar joint optimization objectives. Through operators such as imitation, dialogue, debate, and innovation, iterative optimization is performed efficiently, significantly improving the rationality and economy of the layout scheme.

[0099] Furthermore, seamless integration between the digital design and the construction entity was achieved through BIM parametric modeling. Based on optimal layout parameters, placement reference points for each layer of bricks and each individual brick were generated in the BIM software. Intelligent arrangement and size adjustment of bricks were realized through pre-established adaptive brick families.

[0100] This invention, through the deep integration of BIM technology and intelligent algorithms, transforms the layout of masonry walls from experience-based judgment to scientific decision-making. The technical solution of this invention reduces material waste, improves construction efficiency, precisely controls mortar joint thickness, and significantly enhances the standardization and resource utilization efficiency of building construction.

[0101] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0102] Example 2, as Figure 12 As shown, the present invention also provides a BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization system, including: a parameter preprocessing and coordination mechanism configuration module S11, a ternary orthogonal layout model construction module S12, an intelligent algorithm optimization solution module S13, and a BIM parametric modeling implementation module S14.

[0103] The parameter preprocessing and coordination mechanism configuration module S11 is used to obtain the wall length, wall height and standard brick size parameters of the target straight brick wall, set the allowable range of vertical and horizontal mortar joint thickness, and set a pair of coordination bricks at both ends of each brick wall. The length of the coordination bricks is adjustable within a preset discrete range determined based on the relationship between the wall length and the brick length. The length of the coordination bricks in odd-numbered layers and even-numbered layers changes synchronously. The combination arrangement of the end bricks and coordination bricks in odd-numbered layers and even-numbered layers meets the staggered joint requirements specified in the masonry code. The ternary orthogonal layout model construction module S12 is used to construct a rectangular coordinate system with the lower left corner of the wall as the origin, determine the coordinates of key points based on the geometric boundary of the wall and the arrangement relationship of the bricks at the ends of the odd and even layers, locate and coordinate the positions of the bricks and the middle whole bricks through offset processing, establish a ternary orthogonal layout model with horizontal, vertical and end offsets as three-dimensional orthogonal quantities, and generate a parametric layout model describing the arrangement relationship of the entire straight brick wall based on the ternary orthogonal layout model. The intelligent algorithm optimization and solution module S13 is used to perform iterative optimization of the population individuals based on the parameterized layout model, using a discrete decision variable vector containing horizontal mortar joint thickness, number of brick layers, length of coordinating bricks, and number of whole bricks in odd and even layers, and employing a social network search algorithm based on the objective fitness function within a preset search space. During the iteration process, the fitness values ​​of each population individual are calculated according to the multi-objective fitness function, and the population is updated to obtain the optimal layout parameters that satisfy the masonry geometric constraints. During the iteration process, intermediate calculation results involving continuous quantities are discretized. The BIM parametric modeling implementation module S14 is used to pre-create adaptive brick families of whole bricks, seven-tenths bricks, and coordinated bricks in BIM software. It selects the edge lines corresponding to the wall length and wall height as horizontal and vertical reference lines, generates placement reference points for each layer of bricks and each brick on the reference lines according to the optimal layout parameters, calls the adaptive brick family to make the bricks automatically arranged according to the reference points and adaptively adjust the brick length, and generates a straight brick wall BIM model consistent with the optimal layout parameters.

[0104] Example 3: The present invention also provides a BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization device. The device includes a computer device, which includes a processor and a memory. The processor stores computer instructions. When the computer instructions are executed, the device implements the BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method.

[0105] Example 4, as Figure 13 As shown, the present invention also provides an electronic device 100 for implementing a BIM-based method for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls.

[0106] The electronic device 100 includes a memory 101, at least one processor 102, a computer program 103 stored in the memory 101 and executable on at least one processor 102, and at least one communication bus 104.

[0107] The memory 101 can be used to store the computer program 103. The processor 102 implements the steps of the BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method described in the first aspect of the present invention by running or executing the computer program stored in the memory 101 and calling the data stored in the memory 101.

[0108] The memory 101 may primarily include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system, application programs required for at least one function (such as sound playback function, image playback function, etc.), etc.; the data storage area may store data created based on the use of the electronic device 100 (such as audio data), etc. In addition, the memory 101 may include non-volatile memory, such as hard disk, RAM, plug-in hard disk, smart media card (SMC), secure digital (SD) card, flash card, at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device.

[0109] At least one processor 102 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. Processor 102 may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. Processor 102 is the control center of electronic device 100, connecting various parts of electronic device 100 via various interfaces and lines.

[0110] The memory 101 in the electronic device 100 stores multiple instructions to implement a BIM-based method for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls, and the processor 102 can execute multiple instructions to achieve the following: Obtain the wall length, wall height, and standard brick size parameters of the target straight brick wall, set the allowable range of vertical and horizontal mortar joint thickness, and set a pair of coordinating bricks at both ends of each brick wall. The length of the coordinating bricks is adjustable within a preset discrete range determined based on the relationship between the wall length and the brick length, and the length of the coordinating bricks in odd-numbered layers and even-numbered layers changes synchronously to meet the staggered joint layout of the masonry specifications. A rectangular coordinate system is constructed with the lower left corner of the wall as the origin. The coordinates of key points are determined based on the geometric boundary of the wall and the arrangement relationship of the bricks at the ends of the odd and even layers. The positions of the bricks and the middle whole bricks are located and coordinated through offset processing. A three-dimensional orthogonal layout model with horizontal, vertical and end offsets as three-dimensional orthogonal quantities is established to generate a parametric layout model describing the arrangement relationship of the whole straight brick wall. Based on the parametric layout model, a multi-objective fitness function is constructed using a discrete decision variable vector containing horizontal mortar joint thickness, number of brick layers, length of coordinating bricks, and number of whole bricks in the middle of odd and even layers as individuals in the population. A social network search algorithm is used to iteratively optimize the discrete decision variables in a preset search space. During the iteration process, the intermediate calculation results involving continuous quantities are discretized to obtain the optimal layout parameters that satisfy the masonry geometric constraints. In BIM software, an adaptive brick family of whole bricks, seven-tenths bricks, and coordinated bricks is pre-established. The edge lines corresponding to the wall length and wall height are selected as horizontal and vertical reference lines. Based on the optimal layout parameters, the placement reference points of each layer of bricks and each brick are generated on the reference lines. The adaptive brick family is called to make the bricks automatically arranged according to the reference points and the brick length is adaptively adjusted to generate a straight brick wall BIM model consistent with the optimal layout parameters.

[0111] Example 5: If the modules / units integrated in the electronic device 100 are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments of the present invention can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, and read-only memory (ROM).

[0112] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0113] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0114] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0115] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0116] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0117] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A BIM-based method for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the wall length, wall height, and standard brick size parameters of the target straight brick wall, set the allowable range of vertical and horizontal mortar joint thickness, and set a pair of coordinating bricks at both ends of each brick wall. The length of the coordinating bricks can be adjusted within a preset discrete range determined based on the relationship between the wall length and the brick length. The length of the coordinating bricks in odd-numbered layers and even-numbered layers changes synchronously. The combination arrangement of the end bricks and coordinating bricks in odd-numbered and even-numbered layers meets the staggered joint requirements specified in the masonry code. A rectangular coordinate system is constructed with the lower left corner of the wall as the origin. The coordinates of key points are determined based on the geometric boundary of the wall and the arrangement relationship of the bricks at the ends of the odd and even layers. The positions of the bricks and the middle whole bricks are located and coordinated through offset processing. A three-dimensional orthogonal layout model with horizontal, vertical and end offsets as three-dimensional orthogonal quantities is established. A parametric layout model describing the arrangement relationship of the whole straight brick wall is generated based on the three-dimensional orthogonal layout model. According to the parametric layout model, a discrete decision variable vector containing horizontal mortar joint thickness, number of brick layers, length of coordinating bricks, and number of whole bricks in odd and even layers is used as the population individuals. Based on the objective fitness function, a social network search algorithm is used to iteratively optimize the population individuals within a preset search space. During the iteration process, the fitness values ​​of each population individual are calculated according to the multi-objective fitness function, and the population is updated to obtain the optimal layout parameters that satisfy the masonry geometric constraints. During the iteration process, intermediate calculation results involving continuous quantities are discretized. In BIM software, an adaptive brick family of whole bricks, seven-tenths bricks, and coordinated bricks is pre-established. The edge lines corresponding to the wall length and wall height are selected as horizontal and vertical reference lines. Based on the optimal layout parameters, the placement reference points of each layer of bricks and each brick are generated on the reference lines. The adaptive brick family is called to make the bricks automatically arranged according to the reference points and the brick length is adaptively adjusted to generate a straight brick wall BIM model consistent with the optimal layout parameters.

2. The BIM-based method for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arrangement of the end bricks of the odd-numbered and even-numbered layers satisfies at least one of the following layout scenarios: Odd-numbered layers end with header bricks whose length is equal to the width of a standard brick, while even-numbered layers end with seven-tenths bricks. Odd-numbered layers end with 7-point bricks, and even-numbered layers end with header bricks whose length is equal to the width of a standard brick; Among them, the length of the seven-tenths brick is four-sevenths of the length of the standard whole brick, and the coordinating bricks are located at both ends of each layer of bricks and are arranged adjacent to the end seven-tenths bricks or header bricks.

3. The BIM-based method for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discrete decision variable vector is denoted as [ x 1 ，x 2 ，x 3 ，x 4 ，x 5], of which: x 1 represents the thickness of the horizontal mortar joint, which is a discrete value among 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm, and 12mm; x 2 represents the number of brick layers, in order to satisfy x 2 = H w / (h b + x 1) an integer; x 3 represents the brick length, which is an integer within the range [90mm, 190mm]. x 4 represents the number of whole bricks in the middle of odd-numbered layers, and is the interval [0, (L... w 2 x 3 l b′ ) / (l b + d l Integers within )]; x 5 represents the number of whole bricks in the middle of even-numbered layers, and is the interval [0, (L... w 2 x 3 w b ) / (l b + d l Integers within )]; Among them, H w h is the height of the wall. b l is the height of the brick. b l is the length of the whole brick b′ The length of a seven-tenths brick, d l This refers to the thickness of the vertical seam.

4. The BIM-based method for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-objective fitness function includes the following five objective terms: The deviation P1 between the horizontal layout length of the odd-numbered brick layers and the length of the wall; The deviation P2 between the horizontal layout length of even-numbered brick layers and the length of the wall; The deviation P3 between the longitudinal layout height of the bricks and the height of the wall; The total number of brick layers in the brick wall is P4; The deviation P5 between the horizontal mortar joint thickness and the preset target mortar joint thickness; The multi-objective fitness function is obtained by linearly weighting and summing the five objective terms after normalization.

5. The BIM-based layout optimization method for straight brick walls according to claim 4, characterized in that, The weights of P1 to P5 are determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). An evaluation model is constructed that includes an index system encompassing odd-numbered brick layouts, even-numbered brick layouts, vertical brick layouts, the number of brick layers, and mortar joint thickness. The weight vector is obtained using the eigenvalue method of the judgment matrix. ω = [0.3621, 0.3621, 0.1607, 0.0389, 0.0762] The weights are then used as the weight coefficients for the linear weighted sum after a consistency check.

6. The BIM-based method for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls according to claim 1, characterized in that, The social network search algorithm includes the following iterative update operations: Initialize the population individuals within the preset search boundary and calculate their fitness values; At least one of the four behavioral modes of imitation, dialogue, debate and innovation is randomly selected to update the population of individuals. Imitation adjusts the individual position by the degree of influence and popularity of the individual being followed. Dialogue updates the individual position by the individual fitness difference and opinion difference. Debate adjusts the individual position by the group average opinion and permission factor. Innovation generates new individuals by introducing random perturbation on a random dimension. After each behavior pattern update, the fitness value is recalculated and the global optimal solution is updated until the maximum number of iterations or the convergence condition is reached.

7. The BIM-based layout optimization method for straight brick walls according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the iterative optimization process of the social network search algorithm, continuous variables involving horizontal mortar joint thickness, number of brick layers, length of coordinated bricks, and number of whole bricks in the middle of odd and even layers are discretized using a Gaussian function. For each continuous variable, generate two adjacent integer candidate values, and use Gaussian operation to select the integer closest to the original continuous value as the value of the discrete decision variable for that dimension.

8. The BIM-based method for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls according to claim 7, characterized in that, Create adaptive brick families of whole bricks, seven-tenths bricks, and coordinated bricks in BIM software that supports adaptive components, and perform the following steps using a visual programming tool: Based on the brick height h_b and the vertical mortar joint thickness d_l, an equally spaced sequence is constructed, and vertical layout reference points for each layer of bricks are generated on the vertical reference line; Based on the number of whole bricks in the odd and even layers of the optimal layout parameters and the length of the coordinated bricks, calculate the lateral distance between each brick in each layer and generate lateral layout reference points on the horizontal reference line. Based on the vertical and horizontal layout reference points, the positioning points of each brick in the layout plane are generated, and the adaptive brick family is called to automatically generate brick components according to the positioning points.

9. The BIM-based method for optimizing the layout of straight brick walls according to claim 8, characterized in that, The visual programming tool obtains the horizontal mortar joint thickness, number of brick layers, length of coordinating bricks, and number of whole bricks in the middle of odd and even layers of each brick by reading an external table file that summarizes the optimal layout parameters. It maps these parameters to the coordinates of four placement points of each brick in the layout plane, loads the adaptive brick family using the interface for instantiating adaptive components based on point coordinates, and adaptively adjusts the length of whole bricks, seven-tenths bricks, and coordinating bricks while ensuring that the length, height, and staggered joint relationship of the wall remain unchanged, and generates a BIM layout model of a straight brick wall.

10. A BIM-based layout optimization device for straight brick walls, characterized in that, The device includes a computer device, which includes a processor and a memory. The processor stores computer instructions. When the computer instructions are executed, the device implements the BIM-based straight brick wall layout optimization method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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