Perovskite photovoltaic power station system based on interconnection optimization and power tracking and method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of perovskite photovoltaic power station erection, and relates to a perovskite photovoltaic power station system based on interconnection optimization and power tracking and a method thereof. The perovskite photovoltaic power station system based on interconnection optimization and power tracking comprises a perovskite photovoltaic power unit, a combiner box, an inverter, a central controller, a monitoring platform and an LCL filter, and the perovskite photovoltaic power unit comprises a local adjusting module and a string composed of a plurality of perovskite photovoltaic modules. Each perovskite photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of perovskite photovoltaic cell subareas, and a sampling module is arranged on each perovskite photovoltaic cell subarea; the central controller is respectively connected with each sampling module and each local adjusting module through a communication bus, and selects a strategy according to power characteristics monitored in real time and issues a control instruction to enable the system to operate at an optimal power point. Through the interconnection design of the perovskite photovoltaic modules and the MPPT strategy, the overall power generation capacity and performance ratio of the perovskite photovoltaic power station are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of perovskite photovoltaic power station construction technology, and specifically relates to a perovskite photovoltaic power station system and method based on interconnection optimization and power tracking. Background Technology

[0002] Perovskite photovoltaic (PV) modules, as an emerging photovoltaic power generation technology, have gradually entered pilot-scale power plants and distributed systems due to their high efficiency, low cost, and adjustable bandgap. However, in the operation of large-scale perovskite PV power plants, the interconnection methods and power point tracking (PPT) strategies of perovskite PV modules still have shortcomings, directly affecting the overall power efficiency and performance ratio (PR). Currently, the commonly used module interconnection methods in perovskite PV power plants are mostly centralized or single series connection. In a centralized structure, multiple series-connected PV modules are connected to a high-power inverter, which simplifies the layout but is susceptible to partial shading or performance inconsistencies, resulting in limited output of the entire string. In a single series connection, if a perovskite PV module experiences a power decrease due to shading or degradation, it will limit the current output of the entire string, causing significant power generation losses. In terms of power point tracking, traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods, such as the perturbation observation method and the incremental conductance method, although simple to implement, have the following problems in perovskite photovoltaic power plant applications: (1) Inability to effectively cope with partial shading: When multiple power peaks appear on the IV curve of a perovskite photovoltaic module, traditional methods tend to stay at local maximum values, resulting in a reduction in overall power generation. (2) Insufficient dynamic response: Under rapid irradiance changes, the power point adjustment lags, resulting in significant energy loss. (3) Poor system adaptability: Perovskite photovoltaic modules are sensitive to temperature and spectrum, and their curve characteristics differ from those of crystalline silicon, making it difficult for traditional methods to maintain stability and high efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a perovskite photovoltaic power station system and method based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking. By optimizing the interconnection design of perovskite photovoltaic modules and using the global optimization MPPT strategy, the overall power generation and performance ratio of the perovskite photovoltaic power station are significantly improved.

[0004] This invention is implemented as follows: A perovskite photovoltaic power station system based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking is provided, including perovskite photovoltaic power units, combiner boxes, inverters, a central controller, a monitoring platform, and LCL filters. Multiple perovskite photovoltaic power units are connected in parallel to the input terminals of the combiner boxes. The positive and negative output terminals of several combiner boxes are connected in parallel to the DC positive bus and DC negative bus, respectively. The DC positive bus and DC negative bus are connected to the DC input terminals of the inverter. The AC output terminal of the inverter is connected to the input terminal of the LCL filter. The AC output terminal of the LCL filter is connected to the external power grid. The central controller communicates with the inverter and the monitoring platform. Each perovskite photovoltaic power unit includes a local regulation module and a string composed of several perovskite photovoltaic modules. The local regulation module regulates the voltage and current output of the string. The titanium dioxide photovoltaic (PV) module comprises several perovskite PV cell sections. The positive and negative electrodes of each perovskite PV cell section are connected in series. The positive and negative electrodes of each perovskite PV module are then connected in series to the input of a local regulation module. The output of the local regulation module is connected to the input of a combiner box. A sampling module is installed on each perovskite PV cell section to collect voltage, current, and temperature information in real time. The central controller is connected to each sampling module and the local regulation module via a communication bus. Based on the real-time monitored power characteristics, it selects a strategy and issues control commands to keep the system operating at the optimal power point. The monitoring platform includes a human-machine interface module. The monitoring platform displays the voltage and current data of each perovskite PV cell section, the output power data of each perovskite PV power unit, the inverter operating status data, and the grid-connected power data in real time.

[0005] This invention is implemented as follows, and also provides an operation method for a perovskite photovoltaic power plant based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking. The operation method uses the perovskite photovoltaic power plant system based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking as described above, and includes the following steps: Step 1: Divide each perovskite photovoltaic module into several perovskite photovoltaic cell partitions, then connect the positive and negative terminals of each perovskite photovoltaic cell partition in series, and then connect the positive and negative terminals of each perovskite photovoltaic module in series to obtain a string. Connect the positive and negative terminals of the string to the input terminal of the local adjustment module to obtain the perovskite photovoltaic power unit; then set up a sampling module on each perovskite photovoltaic cell partition. Step 2: Connect multiple perovskite photovoltaic power units in parallel to the input terminal of the combiner box. Connect the positive and negative output terminals of several combiner boxes in parallel to the DC positive bus and the DC negative bus, respectively. Connect the DC positive bus and the DC negative bus to the DC input terminal of the inverter, respectively. Connect the AC output terminal of the inverter to the input terminal of the LCL filter, and connect the AC output terminal of the LCL filter to the external power grid. Step 3: Connect the central controller to the inverter and the monitoring platform for communication. Set up communication connections between the central controller and each sampling module and local adjustment module. The central controller has a built-in global MPPT algorithm. Based on the real-time monitored power characteristics, it selects a strategy and issues control commands to keep the system running at the optimal power point.

[0006] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention provides a perovskite photovoltaic power station system and method based on interconnect optimization and power point tracking. The perovskite photovoltaic power station system includes perovskite photovoltaic power units, combiner boxes, inverters, a central controller, a monitoring platform, and an LCL filter. Each perovskite photovoltaic power unit includes a local regulation module and a string composed of several perovskite photovoltaic modules. Each perovskite photovoltaic module includes several perovskite photovoltaic cell partitions. A sampling module is installed on each perovskite photovoltaic cell partition to collect voltage, current, and temperature information in real time. The central controller is connected to each sampling module and the local regulation module via a communication bus, selecting a strategy based on the real-time monitored power characteristics and issuing control commands to keep the system operating at the optimal power point. This invention significantly improves the overall power generation and performance ratio of the perovskite photovoltaic power station by optimizing the interconnect design of the perovskite photovoltaic modules and employing a globally optimized MPPT strategy.

[0007] Compared with existing perovskite photovoltaic power station systems, this invention has the following characteristics: 1) Improve the overall power generation of the perovskite photovoltaic power station system: When the perovskite photovoltaic cells are partially shaded or inconsistent, the energy loss is reduced by 5-10%, and the overall power generation is increased. 2) Improve performance ratio (PR): Through global MPPT algorithm and interconnection optimization, the operating efficiency of perovskite photovoltaic power station system is steadily improved by 2 to 5 percentage points; 3) Enhanced adaptability: It can adapt to the characteristics of perovskite photovoltaic modules under different spectral, temperature and aging conditions without the need for complex modeling; 4) Extend system lifespan: Reduces local overload and frequent power oscillations, which helps extend the lifespan of perovskite photovoltaic modules and inverters. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the perovskite photovoltaic power station system based on interconnection optimization and power tracking of the present invention. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the principle of a perovskite photovoltaic power unit.

[0009] The labels in the diagram are as follows: 1. Perovskite photovoltaic power unit; 2. Combiner box; 3. Inverter; 4. Central controller; 5. Monitoring platform; 6. LCL filter; 7. DC positive bus; 8. DC negative bus; 9. Local adjustment module; 10. Perovskite photovoltaic module; 11. String; 12. Perovskite photovoltaic cell partition; 13. Sampling module. Detailed Implementation

[0010] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0011] Please refer to the following at the same time Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 As shown, a preferred embodiment of the perovskite photovoltaic power station system based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking of the present invention includes a perovskite photovoltaic power unit 1, a combiner box 2, an inverter 3, a central controller 4, a monitoring platform 5, and an LCL filter 6.

[0012] Multiple perovskite photovoltaic power units 1 are connected in parallel to the input terminals of combiner boxes 2. The positive and negative output terminals of several combiner boxes 2 are connected in parallel to the DC positive bus 7 and the DC negative bus 8, respectively. The DC positive bus 7 and the DC negative bus 8 are connected to the DC input terminals of inverter 3. The AC output terminal of inverter 3 is connected to the input terminal of LCL filter 6. The AC output terminal of LCL filter 6 is connected to the external power grid (not shown in the figure). The central controller 4 communicates with inverter 3 and monitoring platform 5.

[0013] The perovskite photovoltaic power unit 1 includes a local adjustment module 9 and a string 11 composed of several perovskite photovoltaic modules 10. The local adjustment module 9 adjusts the voltage and current output of the string 11. Each perovskite photovoltaic module 10 includes several perovskite photovoltaic cell sections 12, with the positive and negative terminals of each section connected in series. The positive and negative terminals of each perovskite photovoltaic module 10 are connected in series to the input terminal of the local adjustment module 9, and the output terminal of the local adjustment module 9 is connected to the input terminal of the combiner box 2. A sampling module 13 is installed on each perovskite photovoltaic cell section 12 to collect voltage, current, and temperature information in real time.

[0014] The central controller 4 is connected to each sampling module 13 and local adjustment module 9 via a communication bus (CAN / RS-485 / Ethernet). It selects a strategy based on the real-time monitored power characteristics and issues control commands to keep the system running at the optimal power point.

[0015] The monitoring platform 5 includes a human-machine module (not shown in the figure). The monitoring platform 5 displays the voltage, current, and temperature data of each perovskite photovoltaic cell partition 12 in real time, as well as the output power data of each perovskite photovoltaic power unit 1, and the operating status data and grid-connected power data of the inverter 3.

[0016] A fuse, a surge protector (SPD), and a disconnect switch (not shown in the figure) are respectively installed in the junction box 2.

[0017] A grounding module (not shown in the figure) is also installed inside the junction box 2.

[0018] The system is also equipped with at least one of the following protection devices: overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature, and leakage current detection.

[0019] This invention also discloses an operation method for a perovskite photovoltaic power plant based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking. The operation method uses the perovskite photovoltaic power plant system based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking as described above, and includes the following steps: Step 1: Divide each perovskite photovoltaic module 10 into several perovskite photovoltaic cell partitions 12. Then, connect the positive and negative terminals of each perovskite photovoltaic cell partition 12 in series. Finally, connect the positive and negative terminals of each perovskite photovoltaic module 10 in series to obtain a string 11. Connect the positive and negative terminals of the string 11 to the input terminals of the local adjustment module 9 to obtain the perovskite photovoltaic power unit 1. Then, set up a sampling module 12 on each perovskite photovoltaic cell partition 12 to collect voltage, current, and temperature information in real time.

[0020] Step 2: Connect multiple perovskite photovoltaic power units 1 in parallel to the input terminal of combiner box 2. Connect the positive and negative output terminals of several combiner boxes 2 in parallel to the DC positive bus 7 and DC negative bus 8, respectively. Connect the DC positive bus 7 and DC negative bus 8 to the DC input terminal of inverter 3, respectively. Connect the AC output terminal of inverter 3 to the input terminal of LCL filter 6, and connect the AC output terminal of LCL filter 6 to the external power grid.

[0021] Step 3: Connect the central controller 4 to the inverter 3 and the monitoring platform 5 for communication. Set up communication connections between the central controller 4 and each sampling module 13 and local adjustment module 9. The central controller 4 has a built-in global MPPT algorithm. It selects a strategy based on the real-time monitored power characteristics and issues control commands to keep the system running at the optimal power point.

[0022] In step three, the implementation logic of the global MPPT algorithm includes the following steps: Step S1, Initialization Estimated value of open-circuit voltage V of perovskite photovoltaic module 10 Voc,estSet the initial voltage search window W 0, and Formula 1 In Formula 1, 0.6 and 0.95 are coefficients that guarantee the initial voltage search window. W It covers the maximum power point while avoiding extreme voltages.

[0023] Step S2, coarse scan In the current voltage search window W k Select 7-9 test points and adjust the voltage V sequentially. i Measure the corresponding power: Formula 2 Analyze the VI sampling curve to identify the candidate power peak point set C; Wherein, V in Formula 2 i : The i-th test voltage, I i : Corresponding current, P i : Corresponding power.

[0024] Step S3: Candidate point verification For candidate point V c The local curvature index Q is obtained by performing a test within a range of ±δ (e.g., δ=15V) in its vicinity, and then using Formula 3 below. c : Formula 3 If Q c >0, and P(V c If a point is a local peak, then that point is retained; the point with the highest power is selected as the temporary optimum V. best ; Among them, P(V) in Formula 3 c ): Candidate point power; V c : Set the operating voltage; δ: Voltage disturbance step size.

[0025] Step S4, Fine Tracking In V best The nearby area employs a joint method of adaptive step size and attenuation perturbation, specifically including the following steps: (1). Power differential Formula 4 In the formula, Power difference, P k Current power, P k-1 Power at the previous moment.

[0026] (2). Adaptive step size Formula 5 In the formula, Voltage adjustment step size Minimum step size (e.g., 2V, to ensure continuous adjustment). : Maximum step size (e.g., 10V to prevent overshoot), a: Proportional coefficient (e.g., 60V). : Power change rate.

[0027] (3). Voltage update formula Formula Six In the formula, : Set the voltage at the next moment. Current voltage, Adaptive adjustment based on power difference, A k The perturbation amplitude is initially 8V, decaying by a factor of 0.9 every 50ms; r k A: 0~1 random number to avoid getting trapped in local optima; B: perturbation factor (e.g., 0.25) to adjust the perturbation period.

[0028] (4). Smoothing Filter Formula 7 Used to reduce voltage fluctuations and improve system stability; In the formula, 0.7 represents the weight of the new value, and 0.3 represents the weight of the old value.

[0029] Step S5: Trigger a rescan If the perovskite photovoltaic module 10 exhibits any of the following conditions, then return to S2: ① Rapid changes in light intensity: ; ②Sudden temperature change: ; ③ Abnormal power decrease: Power decrease >2% under steady state; ④ Performance drops by more than 2% in the short term compared to PR.

[0030] Step S6, Safety Protection If overvoltage, overcurrent, or leakage current is detected, the voltage will be reduced to 0.8V. Voc,est This reduces the impact of A0 and ensures the safety of the perovskite photovoltaic module 10.

[0031] Specifically, in step S3, the voltage perturbation step size δ is 15V.

[0032] Specifically, in step S3, the minimum step size 2V, maximum step size The voltage is 10V, and the proportional coefficient a is 60V.

[0033] Specifically, the sampling module 13 and the local adjustment module 9 communicate with the central controller 4 via RS-485, CAN bus, or Ethernet, respectively.

[0034] The present invention, based on interconnect optimization and power tracking, is further illustrated below through specific embodiments.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] The first embodiment of the perovskite photovoltaic power station system and method based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking of the present invention takes the installation of a 30kW rooftop perovskite photovoltaic power station system as an example. The system installation includes the following steps: A. Interconnection of components and power units A1. Component Specifications Open-circuit voltage V of a single perovskite photovoltaic module 10 oc =200V, maximum power point voltage V mp =160V, short-circuit current I sc =1.2A, maximum power point current I mp =1.1A. Each perovskite photovoltaic module 10 is divided into two perovskite photovoltaic cell partitions 12, each with its own independent positive and negative terminals.

[0037] A2. Series-Parallel Scheme (Perovskite Photovoltaic Power Unit) • Seven perovskite photovoltaic modules are connected in series to form a string of 11. The approximate operating voltage of string 11 is V. string ≈7×160=1120V, the operating current (approximately) of string 11 is I. mp =1.1A.

[0038] Two strings of 11 are connected in parallel to form a perovskite photovoltaic power unit 1. The operating voltage of the perovskite photovoltaic power unit 1 is approximately 1120V, the operating current is 2.2A, and the power capacity is approximately 2.46kW.

[0039] • Twelve perovskite photovoltaic power units are connected in parallel to DC positive bus 7 and DC negative bus 8, with a total power of approximately 29.5~30kW.

[0040] A3. DC Side Protection and Busbar Each string of 11 is equipped with a 2A gPV fuse, and the combiner box 2 is a Type II SPD (1500Vdc) with a 32A / 1500V DC disconnect switch. dc The cable specification is 1500V. dcRated cross-sectional area is designed at 2.2A / unit + parallel connection number (example 4~6mm²). The grounding module specification is TN-S, and the combiner box 2 is grounded near the cabinet busbar.

[0041] A4. Inverter and Filter Direct connection 1500V dc The system's grid-connected inverter 3 (30kW class) supports external DC operating point commands in the front-end. Three-phase LCL filter 6: L1=1.0mH (inverter side), Cf=20μF (per phase), L2=0.5mH (grid side), target THD≤3%. Switching frequency 10~16kHz.

[0042] The RCM (leakage current) sensing threshold is 300mA (adjustable for the project).

[0043] A5. Partition Sampling, Adjustment Module and Communication Each perovskite photovoltaic module 10 has two perovskite photovoltaic cell partitions 12, each equipped with one sampling module 13 (including voltage V, current I, and temperature T), with a sampling period T. g =10ms.

[0044] The perovskite photovoltaic power unit 1 has an inlet pre-adjustment module 9, which is a miniature DC / DC converter. This miniature DC / DC converter supports ±5% voltage fine-tuning, has a rated power of 2.5kW, and an efficiency of ≥97%.

[0045] Communication: RS-485 (Modbus-RTU, baud rate 115200), star / bus hybrid topology. The clock of the central controller 4 is synchronized with the inverter 3 via NTP.

[0046] B. Global MPPT (GS-MPPT) Algorithm and Unified Parameters Sampling and monitoring timing: Sampling period T g =10ms (100Hz), Supervision / Criterion Period T sup =100ms.

[0047] B1. Initialization (S11) Early morning estimation of the open-circuit voltage V of perovskite photovoltaic module 10 Voc,es (or historical model), set the initial voltage search window. W 0: , exist W Five uniformly sampled points within 0 are used to establish a candidate set C.

[0048] B2. Coarse Scan (S12) In the current voltage search window W kTake M=9 voltage points {V}, send them out and measure them sequentially: , Based on the P-distribution, identify multiple peaks and select 2-3 peak candidates for validation. Completion time t. scan ≤120ms.

[0049] B3. Candidate point verification (S13) For each candidate V, measure the probes on both sides: voltage perturbation step size δ = 15V.

[0050] If Q c If V > 0 and P(Vc) is maximized, then it is denoted as the temporary optimal V. best If the power difference between the two points is less than 0.5%, select the higher voltage.

[0051] In the formula, V c : Set the operating voltage; V, I, P: Voltage, current, and power at the coarse scan point; Q c Local curvature index.

[0052] B4. Fine-grained tracking (S14) (1). Power differential , In the formula, P k , △P k Current power, power difference; P k-1 Power at the previous moment.

[0053] (2). Adaptive step size (uniform parameters) =2V, =10V, a=60V, , In the formula, Adaptive step size , a: Step size boundary and scaling factor; : Power change rate.

[0054] (3). Setting voltage update (including attenuation perturbation)

[0055] In the formula, A k Perturbation amplitude (initially 8V, decaying by 0.9 times every 50ms); A k =A op A o =8V, p=0.9 (applied every 50ms), B=0.25. A op, B, r k : Initial perturbation amplitude, attenuation factor, period coefficient, random factor.

[0056] (4). First-order smoothing filter

[0057] (5). Slew constraints and boundaries Single-step |ΔV* set operating voltage| ≤ 20V, and V* ∈ [0.5V] MPP,nom 1.05V Voc,est ].

[0058] B5. Trigger rescan (S15) Returning to S12 will occur if any of the following conditions are met: ① Rapid changes in light intensity: [G k -G k-1 | / G k >8% (within 200ms); ②Sudden temperature change: [T k -T k-1 |>1.5°C / s; ③ Power drop >2% under steady state; ④ Performance drops by more than 2% in a short period compared to PR (10-minute baseline).

[0059] B6. Safety Protection (S16) In case of overvoltage, overcurrent, or leakage abnormalities, the backoff voltage V*←0.8V Voc,est Temporary surrender →8V, A o →6V; Record events, and after recovery, decay normally.

[0060] C. Debugging, grid connection and operation C1. Debugging DC side: Insulation test for polarity ≥1MΩ / 1000~1500V; Open circuit voltage per string should be 7×V. oc ±3%; Pre-charge: Soft start for 2~3 seconds to charge the DC bus to 0.95× target value; Start inverter 3 for no-load synchronization: PF=1.0, Q=0.

[0061] C2. Grid connection Gradual loading (10% of rated load per step), THD ≤ 3%, three-phase imbalance < 2%.

[0062] Enable GS-MPPT: Enter S12→S13→S14; after stabilization, power fluctuation (10s window) <0.3%.

[0063] C3. Execution Strategy When the shadow moves or the cloud shadow changes rapidly, event S15 is triggered, and the new peak is locked within ≤0.35s. The local adjustment module 9 lowers the voltage by -3%~-5% in the occlusion zone to "decouple" the crosstalk current and avoid the "weakest link" effect.

[0064] D. Technical Effectiveness (Real-world Testing and Comparison) When there is 20% partial shading, the existing traditional centralized MPPT photovoltaic system has a power loss of 12% and a PR of 0.78; the photovoltaic system of this invention (Interconnected + GS-MPPT) has a power loss of 3% and a PR of 0.84.

[0065] When the dynamic irradiance is 200→800W / m², the convergence time is 1.2s for existing traditional photovoltaic systems, while it is ≈0.35s for the photovoltaic system of this invention; the energy loss is 4% for existing traditional photovoltaic systems, while it is <1% for the photovoltaic system of this invention.

[0066] Annualized (same roof, same orientation, same cleaning and maintenance): The power generation of the perovskite photovoltaic power station system of this invention is increased by 6-8%, and the PR is increased by 3-5 percentage points.

[0067] The perovskite photovoltaic power station system and method based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking of the present invention have the following characteristics: 1. Interconnection Design of Perovskite Photovoltaic Modules In each subarray of the perovskite photovoltaic power plant, a partitioned parallel and series-parallel hybrid interconnection structure is adopted, dividing some perovskite photovoltaic modules or strings into independent perovskite photovoltaic power units 1. Each perovskite photovoltaic power unit 1 is equipped with a sampling module 13 and a voltage control interface, which can maintain the high voltage output of the series connection while mitigating the "weakest link" effect through the parallel system when there is partial shading. This structure avoids the limitation of the entire series string output by a single inefficient perovskite photovoltaic module, thereby improving the overall power generation capacity of the perovskite photovoltaic power plant.

[0068] 2. Globally Optimal MPPT Method This invention introduces an adaptive global power point search method. By establishing a "strategy set," it dynamically selects different voltage-current regulation paths to quickly escape local maxima. This method does not rely on a precise model of the perovskite photovoltaic module; instead, it automatically adjusts based on real-time sampled power curve characteristics, ensuring the finding of the globally optimal power operating point in multi-peak environments. The system also includes a feedback learning mechanism: it corrects the strategy based on historical operating data, gradually improving the optimization speed and stability.

[0069] 3. System Integration and Control Each perovskite photovoltaic power unit 1, inverter 3, and central controller 4 are connected via a communication network. The central controller 4 comprehensively samples the data and issues adjustment commands. Under different climate and load conditions, the system can adaptively switch the operating modes of the interconnected perovskite photovoltaic power units 1 to always keep the power station operating at the optimal power point.

[0070] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perovskite photovoltaic power station system based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking, characterized in that, The system includes perovskite photovoltaic (PV) power units, combiner boxes, inverters, a central controller, a monitoring platform, and LCL filters. Multiple PV power units are connected in parallel to the input terminals of the combiner boxes. The positive and negative output terminals of several combiner boxes are connected in parallel to the DC positive and DC negative buses, respectively. The DC positive and DC negative buses are connected to the DC input terminals of the inverter. The AC output terminal of the inverter is connected to the input terminal of the LCL filter, and the AC output terminal of the LCL filter is connected to the external power grid. The central controller communicates with the inverter and the monitoring platform. Each PV power unit includes a local regulation module and a string composed of several PV modules. The local regulation module regulates the voltage and current output of the string. Each PV module includes several PV cells. The system is divided into zones, where the positive and negative electrodes of each perovskite photovoltaic cell zone are connected in series. The positive and negative electrodes of each perovskite photovoltaic module are also connected in series and then connected to the input of the local regulation module. The output of the local regulation module is connected to the input of the combiner box. A sampling module is set on each perovskite photovoltaic cell zone to collect voltage, current, and temperature information in real time. The central controller is connected to each sampling module and the local regulation module via a communication bus. Based on the real-time monitored power characteristics, it selects a strategy and issues control commands to keep the system operating at the optimal power point. The monitoring platform includes a human-machine interface module. The monitoring platform displays the voltage and current data of each perovskite photovoltaic cell zone, the output power data of each perovskite photovoltaic power unit, the inverter operating status data, and the grid-connected power data in real time.

2. The perovskite photovoltaic power station system based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The junction box is equipped with fuses, surge protectors (SPDs), and disconnect switches.

3. The perovskite photovoltaic power station system based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking as described in claim 2, characterized in that, A grounding module is also installed inside the junction box.

4. The perovskite photovoltaic power station system based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The system is also equipped with at least one of the following protection devices: overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature, and leakage current detection.

5. A method for operating a perovskite photovoltaic power plant based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking, characterized in that, The operation method uses the perovskite photovoltaic power plant system based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, and the operation method includes the following steps: Step 1: Divide each perovskite photovoltaic module into several perovskite photovoltaic cell partitions, then connect the positive and negative terminals of each perovskite photovoltaic cell partition in series, and then connect the positive and negative terminals of each perovskite photovoltaic module in series to obtain a string. Connect the positive and negative terminals of the string to the input terminal of the local adjustment module to obtain the perovskite photovoltaic power unit; then set up a sampling module on each perovskite photovoltaic cell partition. Step 2: Connect multiple perovskite photovoltaic power units in parallel to the input terminal of the combiner box. Connect the positive and negative output terminals of several combiner boxes in parallel to the DC positive bus and the DC negative bus, respectively. Connect the DC positive bus and the DC negative bus to the DC input terminal of the inverter, respectively. Connect the AC output terminal of the inverter to the input terminal of the LCL filter, and connect the AC output terminal of the LCL filter to the external power grid. Step 3: Connect the central controller to the inverter and the monitoring platform for communication. Set up communication connections between the central controller and each sampling module and local adjustment module. The central controller has a built-in global MPPT algorithm. Based on the real-time monitored power characteristics, it selects a strategy and issues control commands to keep the system running at the optimal power point.

6. The operation method of a perovskite photovoltaic power plant based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In step three, the implementation logic of the global MPPT algorithm includes the following steps: Step S1, Initialization Estimated value of open-circuit voltage V of perovskite photovoltaic module Voc,est Set the initial voltage search window W 0, and Formula 1 In Formula 1, 0.6 and 0.95 are coefficients that guarantee the initial voltage search window. W It covers the maximum power point while avoiding extreme voltages; Step S2, coarse scan In the current voltage search window W k Select 7-9 test points and adjust the voltage V sequentially. i Measure the corresponding power: Formula 2 Analyze the VI sampling curve to identify the candidate power peak point set C; Wherein, V in Formula 2 i : The i-th test voltage, I i : Corresponding current, P i : Corresponding power; Step S3: Candidate point verification For candidate point V c The local curvature index Q is obtained by detecting within a range of ±δ in its vicinity and according to Formula 3 below. c : Formula 3 If Q c >0, and P(V c If a point is a local peak, then that point is retained; the point with the highest power is selected as the temporary optimum V. best ; Among them, P(V) in Formula 3 c ): Candidate point power; V c : Set operating voltage; δ: Voltage disturbance step size; Step S4, Fine Tracking In V best The nearby area employs a joint method of adaptive step size and attenuation perturbation, specifically including the following steps: (1). Power differential Formula 4 In the formula, Power difference, P k Current power, P k-1 Power at the previous moment; (2). Adaptive step size Formula 5 In the formula, Voltage adjustment step size Minimum step size : Maximum step size, a: Scale factor : Power change rate; (3). Voltage update formula Formula Six In the formula, : Set the voltage at the next moment. Current voltage, Adaptive adjustment based on power difference, A k The perturbation amplitude is initially 8V, decaying by a factor of 0.9 every 50ms; r k A: 0~1 random number to avoid getting trapped in local optima; B: perturbation factor to adjust the perturbation period; (4). Smoothing Filter Formula 7 Used to reduce voltage fluctuations and improve system stability; In the formula, 0.7 represents the weight of the new value, and 0.3 represents the weight of the old value. Step S5: Trigger a rescan If any of the following conditions are met for the perovskite photovoltaic module, return to S2: ① Rapid changes in light intensity: ; ②Sudden temperature change: ; ③ Abnormal power decrease: Power decrease >2% under steady state; ④ Performance drops by more than 2% in the short term compared to PR; Step S6, Safety Protection If overvoltage, overcurrent, or leakage current is detected, the voltage will be reduced to 0.8V. Voc,est , reduce Compared with A0, it reduces impact and ensures the safety of perovskite photovoltaic modules.

7. The operation method of a perovskite photovoltaic power station based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In step S3, the voltage perturbation step size δ is 15V.

8. The operation method of a perovskite photovoltaic power station based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In step S3, the minimum step size 2V, maximum step size The voltage is 10V, and the proportional coefficient a is 60V.

9. The operation method of a perovskite photovoltaic power station based on interconnection optimization and power point tracking as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The sampling module and the local adjustment module communicate with the central controller via RS-485, CAN bus, or Ethernet, respectively.

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