Sample tube for nucleic acid detection, sample adding structure of card box and sample adding method of sample tube

Abstract

The invention relates to a sample tube for nucleic acid detection, a sample adding structure of a card box and a sample adding method of the sample tube, and belongs to the field of in-vitro diagnostic equipment. The sample tube comprises a tube body and a cover body, the bottom of the tube body and the cover body are respectively provided with a first reserved opening and a second reserved opening which are sealed by a puncturable sealing film, and a double-end sealing structure is formed. The sample adding structure comprises a card box body, a sample adding cover, an upper puncturing mechanism and a lower puncturing mechanism. During use, a sample tube is placed in the sample loading cavity of the card box body, the sample adding cover is covered and pressed down, the sample tube can be driven to move downwards, the lower puncturing mechanism punctures the cover body sealing film, meanwhile, the upper puncturing mechanism punctures the tube bottom sealing film, and therefore smooth release and sample adding of a sample in a closed environment are achieved. By means of an innovative double-end synchronous puncturing mechanism, the aerosol pollution risk in the sample adding process is thoroughly eradicated, the smoothness and completeness of sample adding are guaranteed, the structure is simple and reliable, and automatic operation is easy to achieve.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of in vitro diagnostic equipment. In particular, it relates to a sample dispensing structure for a nucleic acid detection sample tube and a nucleic acid detection cartridge, as well as a method for dispensing the sample using the same structure. Background Technology

[0002] Nucleic acid testing is a core method for pathogen detection, and its process typically begins with sample loading. In current technologies, whether manual or semi-automated, common sample loading methods require opening the sample tube cap and then transferring the sample using a pipette or tip. This opening and pipetting process inevitably generates aerosols, posing not only a risk of cross-contamination but also a potential biosafety threat to operators, especially when detecting highly pathogenic pathogens.

[0003] To address these issues, various integrated cartridge designs have been proposed, attempting to enclose sample processing steps within a single device. Some solutions utilize single-end puncture of the sample tube to release the sample. However, puncturing only one end creates negative pressure inside the tube during sample outflow, hindering smooth and complete sample release. This can lead to inaccurate sample volume, sample residue, or intermittent outflow, affecting the accuracy and reliability of subsequent testing. Furthermore, ensuring that the puncture operation itself is performed in a sealed environment to prevent the leakage of droplets or aerosols that may be generated during puncture remains a challenge that has not yet been adequately addressed in current technologies.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a sample loading solution that can achieve full enclosure, no pollution, and smooth and reliable sample addition. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a sample loading structure and method for sample tubes and cartridges used in nucleic acid testing, so as to solve one or all of the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: This invention provides a sample tube for nucleic acid detection, used to contain test samples. The sample tube includes a tube body and a cap. The tube body has a sample storage cavity for storing samples, and the cap is capable of being sealed and fitted to the tube body. The bottom of the tube body has a first reserved opening communicating with the sample storage cavity, and a punctureable first sealing film is sealed at the first reserved opening. The cap has a second reserved opening communicating with the sample storage cavity, and a punctureable second sealing film is sealed at the second reserved opening.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the second reserved opening is larger than the diameter of the first reserved opening.

[0008] A sample dispensing structure for a nucleic acid testing cartridge includes the aforementioned nucleic acid testing sample tube. It also includes, The cartridge body has a sample loading cavity inside that can limit and accommodate sample tubes, and the top of the sample loading cavity has an opening; A sample loading cap can be positioned at the opening of the sample loading chamber to open or close the opening; The upper puncture mechanism is located on the surface of the sample loading cap facing the inside of the sample loading chamber; The lower puncture mechanism is located on the inner bottom surface of the sample loading cavity; The sample tube is placed in the sample loading chamber and the sample cap closes the opening. Pressing down the sample cap can drive the sample tube to move downward, causing the lower piercing mechanism to pierce the second sealing membrane, while the upper piercing mechanism pierces the first sealing membrane.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sample loading cap extends a closed sleeve to the side facing the sample loading cavity, and the outer peripheral wall of the closed sleeve is in sealing fit with the inner peripheral wall of the sample loading cavity; the upper puncture mechanism is disposed within the space enclosed by the closed sleeve.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a pusher ring is further provided on the side of the sample loading chamber facing the sample loading chamber. The pusher ring is located inside the closed sleeve and surrounds the periphery of the upper puncture mechanism. The protrusion height of the closed sleeve is greater than the protrusion height of the upper puncture mechanism, and the protrusion height of the upper puncture mechanism is greater than the protrusion height of the pusher ring.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the cartridge body is further provided with a sample slot, the sample slot is connected to the bottom of the sample loading cavity, and the bottom height of the sample slot is lower than the bottom height of the sample loading cavity.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the lower puncture mechanism includes a central puncture member and a plurality of peripheral puncture members arranged around the central puncture member.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a shim is provided on the inner bottom surface of the sample loading cavity. The shim is located on the periphery of the lower puncture mechanism, and the height of the shim is lower than the height of the lower puncture mechanism.

[0014] A sample loading method for a sample loading structure of a nucleic acid detection cartridge includes the following steps: S1: Insert the sealed sample tube into the open end of the sample loading chamber; S2: Cover the sample loading chamber with the sample cap to form a sealed space at the top of the sample loading chamber; S3: Continuously press down on the sample cap, and the tip of the upper piercing head contacts and pierces the first sealing membrane at the bottom of the sample tube to form a vent hole. At the same time, the second sealing membrane is also pierced by the piercing mechanism. S4: The pusher ring begins to contact the top of the sample tube cap. The pusher ring transmits downward pressure to the sample tube. During the downward movement of the sample tube, multiple circumferential puncture components tear and open the sealing film. S5: Under the influence of gravity, the sample flows from the second reserved opening at the bottom, which is enlarged, to the bottom of the sample loading chamber, and then flows into the sample slot at a lower position through the gap formed by the shim block for temporary storage.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, a sealing fit is first formed between the sealing sleeve on the sample loading cover and the inner wall of the sample loading cavity.

[0016] Beneficial effects This invention has at least the following technical effects: 1. This invention combines a double-sealed sample tube with a controllable, airtight puncture structure, so that the sample is in a double-sealed state in the original tube. After loading, the puncture operation is carried out in a secondary airtight cavity temporarily constructed by a closed sleeve. The entire cartridge itself can also be in a higher level of sealed environment, so that the generation and leakage of aerosols are physically blocked layer by layer. It is especially suitable for detection scenarios of high-risk, highly infectious pathogens, and provides the highest level of safety protection for operators and laboratory environment.

[0017] 2. Employing a dual-end synchronous puncture, bottom air intake, and top liquid exit principle, this design solves the problem of liquid transfer in a completely closed system. The large top orifice ensures rapid and complete sample release, while the small bottom orifice balances the internal pressure in real time, completely eliminating outflow obstruction, residue, or "liquid bridge" breakage caused by negative pressure. This guarantees absolute accuracy of the initial sample volume, avoiding detection failure or quantitative deviation due to insufficient or excessive sample volume.

[0018] 3. The sample tube, puncture head, and cap in this invention can all be formed in one step using a mature injection molding process. The sealing film can be made of standard aluminum-plastic material and encapsulated using conventional processes. This design based on a precision mechanical structure significantly reduces product costs, simplifies production quality control, and allows for rapid capacity ramp-up, which is highly beneficial for various medical institutions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the nucleic acid testing cartridge; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of a sample tube for nucleic acid testing; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the sample loading cap portion in a nucleic acid testing cartridge. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a nucleic acid testing cartridge; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of a nucleic acid testing cartridge. Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 7 A structural block diagram of the sample loading method for a nucleic acid testing cartridge.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Sample tube; 11. Tube body; 111. Sample storage cavity; 113. First sealing membrane; 112. First reserved opening; 12. Cover; 121. Second reserved opening; 122. Second sealing membrane; 2. Cartridge body; 21. Sample loading cavity; 211. Opening; 22. Sample loading cover; 221. Sealing sleeve; 222. Pushing ring; 23. Upper puncture mechanism; 24. Lower puncture mechanism; 241. Central puncture component; 242. Peripheral puncture component; 25. Sample slot; 26. Elevating block. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described in detail. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only configured to explain the present invention and to exemplify the principles of the present invention, and are not configured to limit the present invention. In addition, the structural components in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some structural components or regions in the drawings may be enlarged for other structural components or regions to aid in the understanding of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] The directional terms used in the following description refer to the directions shown in the figures and are not intended to limit the specific structure of the embodiments of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a structure or component that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other structural elements that are not expressly listed or inherent to the structure or component. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the article or apparatus that includes the element.

[0025] Spatial relation terms such as "below," "under," "under," "low," "above," "on," and "high" are used for descriptive convenience to explain the positioning of one element relative to a second element, indicating that these terms are intended to cover different orientations of the device, in addition to those different from those shown in the figure. Furthermore, phrases such as "one element on / below another element" can indicate that two elements are in direct contact, or that there are other elements between the two elements. In addition, terms such as "first" and "second" are also used to describe individual elements, areas, parts, etc., without specifically indicating order or sequence, and should not be considered restrictive. Similar terms are used throughout the description to represent similar elements.

[0026] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be practiced without requiring some of these specific details. The following description of embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the invention by illustrating examples of the invention.

[0027] In the following embodiments, there may be descriptions such as "this device". Those skilled in the art should understand that "this device" refers to the sample addition structure and method of the sample tube and cartridge for nucleic acid detection provided by the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 1-7 As shown, this embodiment provides a dedicated sample tube for nucleic acid testing. Figure 2As shown, the sample tube 1 consists of a tube body 11 and a cap 12. The tube body 11 is typically cylindrical and made of transparent or translucent medical-grade plastic. Its internal cavity forms a sample storage chamber 111 for storing liquid samples. The cap 12 is screwed onto the upper end of the tube body 11 for sealing. At the bottom center of the tube body 11, a first pre-formed opening 112 is pre-formed, which is sealed during production by a first sealing film 113 through heat sealing or ultrasonic welding. At the top center of the cap 12, a second pre-formed opening 121 is also pre-formed and sealed by a second sealing film 122. Preferably, the diameter of the second pre-formed opening 121 is designed to be larger than the diameter of the first pre-formed opening 112. For example, the diameter of the second pre-formed opening 121 can be 8-16 mm, and the diameter of the first pre-formed opening 112 can be 4-8 mm. This size difference allows sample tube 1 to be kept with the orifice facing down during transportation and storage. It provides additional leak protection by utilizing the surface tension of the liquid and the smaller opening area. It also prevents the swab head from contacting the sealing membrane and puncturing it when the operator puts the sampling swab into the tube.

[0029] In the above embodiments, the first sealing film 113 and the second sealing film 122 can be made of aluminum-plastic film.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment also provides a cartridge sample loading structure including the aforementioned sample tube 1. This structure is integrated onto a cartridge body 2. The cartridge body 2 has a vertical cylindrical sample loading cavity 21, with an open top 211 and an open bottom. Next to the sample loading cavity 21, there is a lower sample slot 25, and the two are connected by an inclined flow channel or a direct hole.

[0031] A lower puncture mechanism 24 is fixedly installed at the center of the inner bottom surface of the sample loading cavity 21. This lower puncture mechanism 24 includes a centrally located, relatively tall conical central puncture element 241, and multiple sheet-like or needle-like peripheral puncture elements 242 evenly distributed around the central puncture element 241. The main function of the central puncture element 241 is to provide initial precise positioning and insertion, offering a stable starting point for the subsequent tearing action. The multiple peripheral puncture elements 242 arranged around it work together to significantly tear and expand the sealing membrane based on the opening created by the central puncture element 241, thereby forming a sufficiently large sample outlet to ensure that the liquid can flow out quickly and smoothly. The height of the peripheral puncture elements 242 is slightly lower than that of the central puncture element 241. This height difference design ensures the orderly nature of the puncture action: the central puncture element 241 first contacts and punctures the membrane, and then the peripheral puncture elements 242 act on the membrane to complete the tear. On the bottom surface of the sample loading chamber 21, several raised support blocks 26 are formed around the lower puncture mechanism 24. The top surface of the support blocks 26 is lower than the height of the surrounding puncture member 242. The core function of the support blocks 26 is to support the bottom of the tube body 11 of the sample tube 1, so that the necessary puncture stroke space is reserved between the cap 12 and the tip of the lower puncture mechanism 24. At the same time, after puncture, the height difference supported by the support blocks 26 provides a channel for the outflowing sample to flow and accumulate, preventing the liquid from accumulating at the bottom of the sample tube 1 and ensuring that it can be completely guided to the sample slot 25.

[0032] The sample cap 22 is connected to the cartridge body 2 via a flexible connecting strap. The bottom surface of the sample cap 22 has a three-layer structure, each layer performing a specific function and achieving strict sequential control through their height difference: the outermost ring is an integrally formed cylindrical closed sleeve 221, with annular sealing ribs on its outer wall. Its function is to first insert into the sample loading chamber 21 and form an initial seal when the sample cap 22 is pressed down, thereby creating a temporary sealed sub-chamber to isolate the subsequent puncture operation from the external environment; inward is a shorter, sharp upper puncture head, whose function is to puncture the first sealing membrane 113 at the bottom of the sample tube 1 after the seal is formed, forming an air intake channel to balance the pressure inside the tube when the sample flows out; the innermost layer is a shorter annular pusher ring 222, whose function is to contact and push the sample tube 1 downward after the bottom membrane is punctured, ensuring that the second sealing membrane 122 on the sample tube 1 cap 12 is fully punctured by the lower puncture mechanism 24 below, forming the main sample outlet. The height of the three components relative to the base surface of the sample cap 22 is as follows: sealing sleeve 221 > upper piercing head > pusher ring 222. This height relationship ensures that the operation sequence is to first seal, then pierce the membrane, and finally push the tube to break the membrane and expand the hole. Thus, automated, sealed and smooth sample release is achieved without the need for complex control.

[0033] like Figure 7 As shown, the sample addition method for the card box sample addition structure is as follows: First, the operator inserts the sample tube 1, sealed at both ends, into the opening 211 of the sample loading chamber 21. Under the influence of gravity, the sample tube 1 falls into the sample loading chamber 21, causing the second sealing film 122 on the cover 12 to come into contact with the lower puncture mechanism 24.

[0034] Then the user aligns the sample loading cap 22 with the opening 211 and puts it down. When the cap is initially closed, since the sealing sleeve 221 is the longest, it first inserts into the upper part of the sample loading cavity 21. The sealing ribs on its outer wall are in close contact with the inner wall of the cavity, forming a temporary sealed space in the upper part of the sample loading cavity 21.

[0035] Next, the sample cap 22 is pressed down continuously, and the tip of the upper piercing head contacts and pierces the first sealing membrane 113 at the bottom of the sample tube 1, forming a small vent hole. At the same time, the second sealing membrane 122 is also pierced by the piercing mechanism 241.

[0036] As the pressure continues to decrease, the pusher ring 222 begins to contact the top of the cap 12 of the sample tube 1. The pusher ring 222 transmits the downward pressure to the entire sample tube 1, pushing it downward. During the downward movement of the sample tube 1, multiple circumferential puncture elements 242 tear and expand the sealing membrane, forming a larger sample outlet.

[0037] At this point, both ends of sample tube 1 are open. Under the influence of gravity, the sample flows smoothly out from the enlarged second pre-reserved port 121 at the bottom, dripping onto the bottom of sample loading chamber 21, and then flows into the lower sample trough 25 through the gap formed by the shim block 26 for temporary storage. At the same time, air enters the sample tube 1 through the first pre-reserved port 112, which has been punctured at the bottom, balancing the negative pressure generated when the liquid flows out, ensuring that the sample can flow out completely and without residue.

[0038] This embodiment describes an automated application scenario. A cartridge integrating the aforementioned sample loading structure is placed in the cartridge compartment of a fully automated nucleic acid detection instrument. The instrument has a built-in, precisely controllable pressure lever. Once the cartridge is in place, the instrument controls the pressure lever to descend, performing the same action as manually pressing down the sample loading cap 22, automatically completing the entire process of sealing, puncturing, and loading the sample. After loading, the instrument can continue to control other modules within the cartridge to aspirate the sample from the sample slot 25 and transfer it to subsequent processing units such as lysis and purification. The entire process requires no manual intervention, achieving a fully automated and fully sealed process from sample loading to test result output.

[0039] The sample tube 1 provided by this invention consists of a tube body 11 and a cap 12. The tube body 11 is typically made of medical-grade polypropylene or similar materials using an injection molding process, and is cylindrical in shape. Its internal cavity forms a sample storage chamber 111 with a capacity ranging from 2 ml to 5 ml, the specific capacity of which can be designed according to testing requirements. The cap 12 is made of the same or compatible materials, and its inner thread engages with the outer thread at the upper end of the tube body 11 to achieve a reliable mechanical seal. For ease of screwing, the top of the cap 12 may be designed with anti-slip textures.

[0040] In the above embodiments, this solution provides the amount of sample that can be contained in sample tube 1, which can be adjusted according to the actual situation, such as increasing or decreasing the volume of sample tube 1 to meet the storage needs of different samples.

[0041] The key feature of this invention lies in the pre-installed openings on the tube body 11 and the cap 12, and their sealing method. A first pre-installed opening 112 with a diameter of 4mm to 8mm is located at the center of the bottom of the tube body 11. A second pre-installed opening 121 with a diameter of 8mm to 16mm is located at the center of the top of the cap 12. The diameter of the second pre-installed opening 121 is significantly larger than that of the first pre-installed opening 112. These two pre-installed openings are sealed before the sample tube 1 leaves the factory: an aluminum-plastic composite film with a thickness of 50 to 150 micrometers is used as the sealing film, and a hot-press sealing process is used to firmly cover the inner or outer sides of the first pre-installed opening 112 and the second pre-installed opening 121, respectively. This double-end sealing design ensures the absolute airtightness of the sample before transportation, storage, and loading. It is worth noting that when the tube is placed with the small hole at the bottom facing downwards, even under slight pressure or temperature changes, its leakage resistance is far superior to that of a large hole due to the surface tension of the liquid at the small hole, thus improving safety.

[0042] In the above embodiments, the thickness of the first reserved opening 112, the second reserved opening 121, and the sealing film is limited. This is only one optional implementation. The size and thickness of the first reserved opening 112, the second reserved opening 121, and the sealing film can be adaptively adjusted to meet different processing and sampling requirements.

[0043] In some embodiments, the inner diameter of the sample loading cavity 21 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the sample tube 1, providing a guide gap of approximately 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm to ensure that the sample tube 1 can be smoothly inserted without excessive shaking. The bottom of the sample loading cavity 21 is not closed, but is directly connected to a lower, larger sample groove 25 through an inclined guide surface. The height of the guide gap can be adaptively adjusted according to actual conditions. This solution only provides one feasible method, and its height can be adjusted for different samples.

[0044] In some embodiments, the lower puncture mechanism 24 is a one-piece injection-molded rigid plastic part, comprising a conical central puncture member 241 with a height of approximately 10 mm, and three arc-shaped peripheral puncture members 242 with a height of approximately 8 mm evenly distributed around it. The central puncture member 241 is responsible for initial positioning and insertion, while the multiple peripheral puncture members 242 work together to tear the second sealing membrane 122 into a large, approximately star-shaped opening, with an effective flow area much larger than the hole formed by a single needle. Three arc-shaped shims 26 with a height of approximately 5 mm are also molded on the bottom plane of the sample loading cavity 21, surrounding the lower puncture mechanism 24. This ensures both sample tube containment and sufficient sample flow height after puncture.

[0045] The above embodiments provide selectable height settings for the lower puncture mechanism 24, the circumferential puncture component 242, and the arc-shaped raising block 26. The height settings can be adjusted according to the actual usage of the product to meet the requirements of large-diameter puncture and the formation of guide gaps.

[0046] In some embodiments, the sample dispensing cap 22 and the sealing mechanism are optimized, and the sealing and driving details of the sample dispensing cap 22 are optimized to suit scenarios with higher sealing requirements or more stable puncture power.

[0047] A rubber annular sealing ring can be fitted around the outer ring of the sealing sleeve 221 of the sample loading cover 22. When the sealing sleeve 221 is inserted into the sample loading cavity 21, the annular sealing ring is embedded in the gap between the sample loading cover 22 and the sample loading cavity 21, further improving the sealing effect of the sample loading cover 22 on the sample loading cavity 21.

[0048] The piercing head can be made of high-hardness engineering plastic instead of metal, with its tip designed as a triangular pyramid with three facets. This geometry provides better piercing sharpness and lower piercing resistance compared to a cone shape, while also reducing the compression and deformation of the sealing film material during piercing, resulting in a more regular air inlet.

[0049] It should be understood that the above-described embodiments or examples of the present invention can be combined with each other and have corresponding technical effects.

[0050] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sample tube for nucleic acid detection, used to hold test samples, characterized in that, The sample tube (1) includes a tube body (11) and a cover (12). The tube body (11) has a sample storage cavity (111) for storing samples. The cover (12) can be sealed and assembled to the tube body (11). The bottom of the tube body (11) is provided with a first reserved opening (112) communicating with the sample storage cavity (111). A puncturable first sealing membrane (113) is sealed at the first reserved opening (112). The cover (12) is provided with a second reserved opening (121) communicating with the sample storage cavity (111). A puncturable second sealing membrane (122) is sealed at the second reserved opening (121).

2. The sample tube for nucleic acid detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the second reserved opening (121) is larger than the diameter of the first reserved opening (112).

3. A sample dispensing structure for a nucleic acid testing cartridge, characterized in that, Includes sample tubes for nucleic acid testing as described in claim 1 or 2. It also includes, The cartridge body (2) has a sample loading cavity (21) inside which can limit and accommodate the sample tube (1), and the top of the sample loading cavity (21) has an opening (211). The sample loading cap (22) can be set at the opening (211) of the sample loading chamber (21) for opening or closing the opening (211). The upper puncture mechanism (23) is disposed on the surface of the sample loading cover (22) facing the inside of the sample loading cavity (21); The lower puncture mechanism (24) is located on the inner bottom surface of the sample loading cavity (21); The sample tube (1) is placed in the sample loading chamber (21) and the sample cap (22) closes the opening (211). Pressing down the sample cap (22) can drive the sample tube (1) to move down, so that the lower piercing mechanism (24) pierces the second sealing film (122), while the upper piercing mechanism (23) pierces the first sealing film (113).

4. The sample loading structure of the nucleic acid detection cartridge according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sample loading cap (22) extends a closed sleeve (221) on one side toward the sample loading cavity (21), and the outer peripheral wall of the closed sleeve (221) is sealed to the inner peripheral wall of the sample loading cavity (21); the upper puncture mechanism (23) is located in the space enclosed by the closed sleeve (221).

5. The sample dispensing structure of the nucleic acid detection cartridge according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sample loading cap (22) is also provided with a pusher ring (222) on the side facing the sample loading cavity (21). The pusher ring (222) is located inside the closed sleeve (221) and surrounds the outer periphery of the upper puncture mechanism (23). The protrusion height of the closed sleeve (221) is greater than the protrusion height of the upper puncture mechanism (23), and the protrusion height of the upper puncture mechanism (23) is greater than the protrusion height of the pusher ring (222).

6. The sample loading structure of the nucleic acid detection cartridge according to claim 3, characterized in that, The card box body (2) is also provided with a sample slot (25), which is connected to the bottom of the sample loading cavity (21), and the bottom height of the sample slot (25) is lower than the bottom height of the sample loading cavity (21).

7. The sample dispensing structure of the nucleic acid detection cartridge according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower puncture mechanism (24) includes a central puncture member (241) and a plurality of peripheral puncture members (242) arranged around the central puncture member (241).

8. The sample loading structure of the nucleic acid detection cartridge according to claim 3, characterized in that, A shim block (26) is provided on the inner bottom surface of the sample loading cavity (21). The shim block (26) is located on the periphery of the lower puncture mechanism (24), and the height of the shim block (26) is lower than the height of the lower puncture mechanism (24).

9. A sample addition method based on the sample addition structure according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Insert the sample tube (1) sealed at both ends into the opening (211) of the sample loading chamber (21); S2: Cover the sample loading chamber (21) with the sample loading cap (22) to the opening (211) of the sample loading chamber (21), so that a sealed space is formed in the upper part of the sample loading chamber (21); S3: Continue to press down the sample cap (22), the tip of the upper piercing head contacts and pierces the first sealing membrane (113) at the bottom of the sample tube (1), forming a vent hole, while the second sealing membrane (122) is also pierced by the piercing mechanism (241); S4: The pusher ring (222) begins to contact the top of the cap (12) of the sample tube (1). The pusher ring (222) transmits downward pressure to the sample tube (1). During the downward movement of the sample tube (1), multiple circumferential puncture parts (242) tear and open the sealing film. S5: Under the action of gravity, the sample flows from the second reserved port (121) which is enlarged at the bottom to the bottom of the sample loading cavity (21), and flows into the sample slot (25) at a lower position through the gap formed by the padding block (26) for temporary storage.

10. The sampling method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S2, a sealing fit is first formed between the sealing sleeve (221) on the sample loading cover (22) and the inner wall of the sample loading cavity (21).

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