Improved ice dissolution heat measurement experimental device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an improved ice dissolution heat measurement experiment device and method, and relates to the technical field of ice dissolution heat measurement experiments, the improved ice dissolution heat measurement experiment device comprises a bottom plate, and the upper end of the bottom plate is fixedly connected with a fixing assembly. Through mutual cooperation of a motor, a third bevel gear and a fourth bevel gear, a third rotating shaft can be driven to rotate, and through rotation of the third rotating shaft, under mutual cooperation of a T-shaped rotating sleeve, a first chain wheel and a second chain wheel, a rotating rod can be driven to rotate; at the moment, under the action of a glue stick rod arranged on a rotating rod, the process of automatically and uniformly stirring ice cubes in an inner barrel of the calorimeter can be achieved, and the problems that most of the existing experimental devices need to manually stir the ice cubes in the using process, so that the arms of the operators are prone to ache, and the labor intensity of the operators is reduced are effectively solved. And the condition of non-uniform ice dissolution caused by non-uniform stirring in the stirring process exists.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an experimental apparatus for determining the heat of fusion of ice, and particularly to an improved experimental apparatus and method for determining the heat of fusion of ice. Background Technology

[0002] The determination of the heat of fusion of ice in a university physics experiment involves using a certain mass of water and a certain mass of ice at zero degrees Celsius in a closed, adiabatic environment. The water releases heat, melting the ice and raising its temperature. The initial temperature of the water and the final temperature of the ice after melting are measured. The heat released by the water is equal to the sum of the heat absorbed by the ice as it melts into water at zero degrees Celsius and the heat absorbed by the water at zero degrees Celsius as it reaches its final temperature. This allows us to calculate the heat of fusion, L.

[0003] The experimental apparatus for determining the heat of fusion of ice currently has some defects and shortcomings in use. The specific areas that need improvement are as follows:

[0004] 1. Most existing experimental apparatuses for determining the heat of fusion of ice rely on operators to continuously stir the ice with a stirring rod to accelerate the melting process. Prolonged stirring can cause soreness in the operator's arms, and uneven stirring can lead to uneven ice melting, resulting in certain errors in the experimental data.

[0005] 2. Existing experimental apparatus for determining the heat of fusion of ice requires continuous ice feeding during use. During the ice feeding process, the impact force generated by the falling ice blocks causes water to splash out from the inside of the apparatus, reducing the amount of solvent inside and thus affecting the accuracy of subsequent experimental results.

[0006] 3. In existing experimental apparatuses for determining the heat of fusion of ice, since the apparatus is mostly placed directly on a table, the operator needs to manually hold the apparatus to ensure its stability during the process of stirring the ice inside the apparatus to accelerate its dissolution.

[0007] 4. The existing experimental apparatus for determining the heat of fusion of ice is inconvenient to seal and open during use, which affects the efficiency of the experiment.

[0008] 5. The existing experimental apparatus for determining the heat of fusion of ice is mostly operated manually by the operator, which increases the workload of the operator and the functionality of the apparatus is poor. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide an improved experimental apparatus and method for determining the heat of fusion of ice, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. In most existing experimental apparatuses for determining the heat of fusion of ice, the operator has to use a stirring rod to stir continuously to accelerate the melting of ice. However, prolonged stirring can cause soreness in the operator's arms, and uneven stirring can lead to uneven melting of ice, resulting in certain errors in the experimental data.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an improved experimental apparatus and method for determining the heat of solution of ice, comprising a base plate, a fixing assembly fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate, a calorimeter outer cylinder held inside the fixing assembly, an annular fixing plate fixedly connected inside the calorimeter outer cylinder, the upper end of the annular fixing plate overlapping the upper side of the calorimeter inner cylinder, an annular pressing block overlapping the upper end of the calorimeter inner cylinder, the upper end of the annular pressing block fixedly connected to the lower end of an insulating cover plate, the insulating cover plate being fixedly connected to a dispensing sealing assembly through a dispensing port opened inside it, and the insulating cover plate being fixedly connected to a dispensing sealing assembly through a dispensing port opened inside it. The connecting hole is movably connected to the upper side of the rotating rod. A sprocket is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating rod. The sprocket is connected to a second sprocket via a chain. The second sprocket is fixedly connected to the upper end of the drive assembly. The left end of the drive assembly is fixedly connected to the right side of the insulation cover plate. The front and rear ends of the drive assembly are movably connected to two T-shaped rods respectively. The lower end of the drive assembly is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate. The lower side of the drive assembly meshes with a bevel gear. The bevel gear is fixedly connected to the right end of a rotating shaft. A gear is fixedly connected to the left end of the rotating shaft. The gear meshes with the upper side of the fixed assembly.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a buffer plate 1 and a buffer plate 2 are fixedly connected to the left side of the inner cylinder of the calorimeter, the lower end of the heat insulation cover plate overlaps the upper end of the outer cylinder of the calorimeter, the lower end of the outer cylinder of the calorimeter overlaps with the bottom plate with a placement groove inside the upper end, and stirring rods are provided on both the left and right ends of the lower side of the rotating rod.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat insulation cover plate is inserted into the thermometer fixing sleeve through a circular slot opened inside its right side, the thermometer fixing sleeve is fixedly connected to the upper side of the thermometer through a circular hole opened inside its interior, the lower ends of the two T-shaped rods are fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate, and an L-shaped plate is movably connected to the first rotating shaft, the lower end of the first L-shaped plate being fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the delivery sealing assembly includes a delivery frame, the lower end of which is fixedly connected to an insulating cover plate with a delivery port inside, the upper end of which is covered with a sealing cover, and the right end of the sealing cover is fixedly connected to an L-shaped plate II, which is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft II through a circular hole opened inside its lower end.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the front and rear sides of the rotating shaft 2 are movably connected to support plates 1, the left ends of the two support plates 1 are fixedly connected to the right end of the delivery frame, the front end of the rotating shaft 2 is fixedly connected to a worm gear 1, the worm gear 1 meshes with a worm 1 for transmission, the left end of the worm 1 is provided with a rotating handle, and an L-shaped plate 3 is movably connected to the left side of the worm 1 at the bare rod position, the rear end of the L-shaped plate 3 is fixedly connected to the front end of the delivery frame.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fixing assembly includes two fixing vertical plates. The lower ends of the two fixing vertical plates are fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate. The relatively close ends of the two fixing vertical plates are fixedly connected to the front and rear ends of two fixing rods, respectively. The two fixing rods are movably connected to two arc-shaped plates, each with two circular holes on its right end. The outer cylinder of the calorimeter is sandwiched between the two arc-shaped plates. An L-shaped toothed plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rear arc-shaped plate. The L-shaped toothed plate meshes with a gear for transmission. An electro-hydraulic rod is fixedly connected to the rear side of the rear arc-shaped plate. The rear end of the electro-hydraulic rod is fixedly connected to the front end of the rear fixing vertical plate.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rear side of the rear arc-shaped plate is fixedly connected to one end of two pull ropes, the other ends of the two pull ropes pass through two concave hollow tubes respectively and are fixedly connected to the rear end of the connecting plate, the left end of the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the right end of the front arc-shaped plate, a fixing block is fixedly connected to each of the two concave hollow tubes, the rear ends of the two fixing blocks are fixedly connected to the front end of the rear fixing vertical plate, a spring is sleeved on the front side of each of the two fixing rods, the front ends of the two springs are fixedly connected to the rear end of the front fixing vertical plate, and the rear ends of the two springs are fixedly connected to the front fixing plate.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the driving assembly includes a motor, the lower end of which is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate. A bevel gear three is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the bevel gear three meshes with a bevel gear four for transmission. The bevel gear four is fixedly connected to the lower side of a rotating shaft three, and the lower end of the rotating shaft three is movably connected to the upper end of the base plate. The rotating shaft three is movably connected to a T-shaped rotating sleeve with two guide grooves inside through two guide sliders provided thereon. The upper end of the T-shaped rotating sleeve is fixedly connected to a sprocket two. An L-shaped plate four is movably connected to the upper side of the T-shaped rotating sleeve. The lower end of the L-shaped plate four is fixedly connected to the upper end of a square pushing frame. Restricting sleeves are fixedly connected to both the front and rear ends of the square pushing frame. The two restricting sleeves are movably connected to two T-shaped rods respectively. L-shaped plates five are fixedly connected to both the front and rear sides of the upper surface of the square pushing frame. The left ends of the two L-shaped plates five are fixedly connected to the right side of the heat insulation cover plate.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the square push frame is internally connected to two push rods. The right ends of the two push rods are fixedly connected to the upper ends of two rotating push plates, and the lower ends of the two rotating push plates are fixedly connected to the left ends of two rotating shafts. The right ends of the two rotating shafts are fixedly connected to worm gears, which mesh with worms. A bevel gear is fixedly connected to the middle of the worm, which meshes with bevel gears. Support plates are movably connected to both ends of the worm. The lower ends of the two support plates are fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate. Support plates are movably connected to the two rotating shafts, and the lower ends of the two support plates are fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate. The lower side of the rotating shaft is movably connected to an L-shaped plate with a connecting hole at its upper end, and the lower end of the L-shaped plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate.

[0019] A method for using an improved experimental apparatus for determining the heat of fusion of ice includes the following steps:

[0020] a1. When using this device to determine the heat of fusion of ice, first place the outer cylinder of the calorimeter inside the placement groove on the upper surface of the base plate. Then place the inner cylinder of the calorimeter inside the outer cylinder and overlap it on the annular fixing plate. Then pour a certain mass of water into the inner cylinder of the calorimeter. After the above operations are completed, start the electric hydraulic rod to move the rear arc plate forward. During the process of moving the rear arc plate forward, the front arc plate can be moved forward by the cooperation between the set pull rope, concave hollow tube and connecting plate. At this time, the two arc plates can be brought closer together to achieve the fixing effect of the outer cylinder of the calorimeter, increasing its stability during the experiment.

[0021] a2. During the process of bringing the two arc-shaped plates closer together, the L-shaped toothed plate can be moved forward. Then, under the action of the gears, the first rotating shaft can be rotated. Through the rotation of the first rotating shaft, under the action of the first and second bevel gears, the second worm can be rotated. The second worm meshes with the two second worm wheels, which in turn can drive the two fourth rotating shafts to rotate. Through the rotation of the two fourth rotating shafts, under the cooperation of the rotating push plate, the push rod, the fifth L-shaped plate and the square push frame, the heat insulation cover can be moved downward until it overlaps the upper end of the outer cylinder of the calorimeter. At this time, the sealing effect of the inside of the outer cylinder of the calorimeter can be achieved.

[0022] a3. During the sealing process of the inner cylinder of the calorimeter, the cooperation between the set annular pressure block and the annular fixing plate can fix the inner cylinder of the calorimeter. After the inner cylinder of the calorimeter is sealed, the temperature of the water inside the inner cylinder of the calorimeter is measured by a thermometer. When the temperature tends to stabilize, the temperature at this moment is recorded, which is the initial temperature.

[0023] a4. Next, the worm gear one is rotated, which drives the rotating shaft two to rotate under the action of the worm wheel one. The rotation of the rotating shaft two, under the action of the L-shaped plate two, can drive the sealing cover to rotate upward around the rotating shaft two, thereby opening the upper end of the delivery frame. At this time, a certain mass of ice is put into the inside of the calorimeter inner cylinder through the delivery frame. During this process, the cooperation between the buffer plate one and the buffer plate two can play a certain buffering role in the falling process of the ice, avoiding the large impact force generated by the falling ice, which would cause the water inside the calorimeter inner cylinder to splash out.

[0024] a5. After the ice cubes are added, rotate the worm gear one in the reverse direction. This, in turn, seals the upper part of the adding frame through the cooperation of the worm wheel one, L-shaped plate two, rotating shaft two, and sealing cover. Then, start the motor. The rotation of the motor's output shaft drives the rotating shaft three through the cooperation of the bevel gear three and bevel gear four. The rotation of the rotating shaft three, through the cooperation of the T-shaped rotating sleeve, sprocket one, and sprocket two, drives the rotating rod to rotate. The rotation of the rotating rod, under the action of the stirring rod on it, achieves a uniform stirring process for the ice cubes, accelerating the melting of the ice cubes. During this process, observe the scale on the thermometer. When the scale on the thermometer tends to stabilize and the ice cubes have just melted, record the temperature at this moment, which is the final temperature. Then, calculate the heat of melting of the ice using the existing formula.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] 1. This invention enables the rotating shaft three to rotate through the interaction of the motor, bevel gear three, and bevel gear four. The rotation of the rotating shaft three, in turn, drives the rotating rod to rotate through the interaction of the T-shaped rotating sleeve, sprocket one, and sprocket two. At this time, the rubber rod on the rotating rod can achieve the automatic and uniform stirring process of the ice block inside the calorimeter inner cylinder. This effectively avoids the situation in existing experimental devices where operators often need to manually stir the ice block, which can easily cause soreness in the operator's arms and uneven melting of ice due to uneven stirring.

[0027] 2. The present invention, through the cooperation of the electric hydraulic rod, pull rope, concave hollow tube and connecting plate, can drive the two arc plates to move closer to each other, thereby achieving the clamping and fixing effect on the outer cylinder of the calorimeter, increasing its stability during the experiment. This effectively avoids the situation where existing experimental devices are mostly placed directly on the table during use, lacking equipment fixation, which requires operators to manually support the equipment to ensure its stability during some experimental operations.

[0028] 3. This invention, through the interaction of the L-shaped toothed plate and gears, enables the rotating shaft to rotate during the fixing of the calorimeter outer cylinder. The rotation of the rotating shaft, under the action of the bevel gears, drives the worm gear to rotate. The rotation of the worm gear, in conjunction with the worm wheel, rotating shaft, rotating push plate, pushing rod, square pushing frame, and L-shaped plate, moves the insulating cover downward until the lower end of the insulating cover overlaps the upper end of the calorimeter outer cylinder. At this point, a sealing effect is achieved on the inside of the calorimeter outer cylinder, thus preventing any impact on the experimental process.

[0029] 4. This invention, through the cooperation between the annular pressure block and the annular fixing plate, can achieve the fixing effect on the inner cylinder of the calorimeter when the heat insulation cover plate overlaps the upper end of the outer cylinder of the calorimeter, thereby increasing the stability of the inner cylinder of the calorimeter during the experiment. Through the cooperation between the buffer plate one and the buffer plate two, the falling process of the ice cubes when they are put into the inner cylinder of the calorimeter can be buffered, thereby reducing the impact force generated during the falling of the ice cubes. This effectively avoids the situation in existing experimental devices where water inside the device splashes out due to the impact force generated during the falling of ice cubes.

[0030] 5. This invention utilizes the interaction of a worm gear, a worm wheel, a rotating shaft, and an L-shaped plate to drive the sealing cover to rotate upwards around the rotating shaft, thereby opening the upper part of the delivery frame. At this point, it is convenient to deliver ice blocks into the inner cylinder of the calorimeter without removing the insulating cover from the upper part of the outer cylinder. After delivery, the upper part of the delivery frame can be resealed. The thermometer is connected to the insulating cover via a thermometer fixing sleeve, ensuring the airtightness of the outer cylinder during the experiment while facilitating thermometer disassembly. The space between the outer and inner cylinders of the calorimeter effectively acts as an air insulation plate, further enhancing the insulation effect during the experiment and improving the accuracy of subsequent experimental results. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a front-view three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a right-view stereoscopic structural diagram of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a front cross-sectional three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a right-side perspective three-dimensional structural diagram of the dispensing and sealing assembly of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a front-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the driving component of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a left-side stereoscopic view of the driving component of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a front-view perspective three-dimensional structural diagram of the fixing component of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a right-side perspective three-dimensional structural diagram of the fixing component of the present invention.

[0039] In the diagram: 1. Base plate; 2. Calorimeter outer cylinder; 3. Fixing assembly; 31. Fixing vertical plate; 32. Fixing block; 33. Concave hollow tube; 34. Pull rope; 35. Arc plate; 36. L-shaped toothed plate; 37. Connecting plate; 38. Spring; 39. Fixing rod; 310. Electro-hydraulic rod; 4. T-shaped rod; 5. Drive assembly; 51. Support plate II; 52. Motor; 53. Rotating shaft III; 54. Bevel gear III; 55. Worm gear II; 56. Support plate III; 57. Worm gear II; 58. Rotating shaft IV; 59. Restricting sleeve; 510. Rotating push plate; 511. Square pushing frame; 512. L-shaped plate V; 513. L-shaped plate VI; 514. Bevel gear. IV. 515 T-shaped rotating sleeve, 516 bevel gear II, 517 L-shaped plate IV, 518 push rod, 6 insulation cover plate, 7 sprocket I, 8 delivery sealing assembly, 81 worm gear I, 82 worm I, 83 L-shaped plate III, 84 rotating shaft II, 85 support plate I, 86 L-shaped plate II, 87 delivery frame, 88 sealing cover, 9 thermometer, 10 sprocket II, 11 calorimeter inner cylinder, 12 rotating rod, 13 buffer plate II, 14 annular fixing plate, 15 buffer plate I, 16 annular pressure block, 17 thermometer fixing sleeve, 18 gear, 19 rotating shaft I, 20 bevel gear I, 21 L-shaped plate I. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] like Figure 1-8As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: an improved experimental apparatus and method for determining the heat of fusion of ice, comprising a base plate 1, a fixing component 3 fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate 1, a calorimeter outer cylinder 2 clamped inside the fixing component 3, an annular fixing plate 14 fixedly connected inside the calorimeter outer cylinder 2, the upper end of the annular fixing plate 14 overlapping the upper side of the calorimeter inner cylinder 11, an annular pressure block 16 overlapping the upper end of the calorimeter inner cylinder 11, the upper end of the annular pressure block 16 fixedly connected to the lower end of an insulating cover plate 6, and the insulating cover plate 6 fixedly connected to a dispensing sealing component 8 through a dispensing port opened inside it. The fixing component 3 can fix the calorimeter outer cylinder 2, thereby increasing its performance during the process of determining the heat of fusion of ice. To ensure stability, a certain space is left between the outer cylinder 2 and the inner cylinder 11 of the calorimeter, which is equivalent to adding an air insulation plate between them, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent experimental results. The insulation cover 6 can seal the upper end of the outer cylinder 2, ensuring the airtightness of the experimental operation. During the sealing process of the outer cylinder 2, the cooperation between the arc-shaped fixing plate 14 and the annular pressure block 16 can increase the stability of the inner cylinder 11 placed inside the outer cylinder 2. The placement and sealing component 8 can easily place ice into the inner cylinder 11. The insulation cover 6 opens through its internal mechanism. The connecting hole is movably connected to the upper side of the rotating rod 12. The upper end of the rotating rod 12 is fixedly connected to a sprocket 7. The sprocket 7 is connected to a sprocket 10 via a chain. The sprocket 10 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the drive assembly 5. The left end of the drive assembly 5 is fixedly connected to the right side of the insulation cover plate 6. The front and rear ends of the drive assembly 5 are movably connected to two T-shaped rods 4 respectively. The lower end of the drive assembly 5 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate 1. The lower side of the drive assembly 5 meshes with a bevel gear 20. The bevel gear 20 is fixedly connected to the right end of the rotating shaft 19. The left end of the rotating shaft 19 is fixedly connected to a gear 18. The gear 18 meshes with the upper side of the fixing assembly 3. The fixing assembly 3 fixes the outer cylinder 2 of the calorimeter. During the process, the gear 18 can be driven to rotate. The rotation of the gear 18, under the action of the set rotating shaft 19, bevel gear 20 and drive assembly 5, can drive the heat insulation cover 6 to move downward until the lower end of the heat insulation cover 6 overlaps the upper end of the outer cylinder 2 of the calorimeter. At this time, the upper end of the outer cylinder 2 of the calorimeter can be sealed. Through the cooperation between the set drive assembly 5, sprocket 10 and sprocket 7, the rotating rod 12 can be driven to rotate. Then, under the action of the stirring rod set on the rotating rod 12, the uniform stirring process inside the inner cylinder 11 of the calorimeter can be achieved, which effectively avoids the increased workload of manual stirring and the uneven stirring that may occur during manual stirring.

[0042] Buffer plate 15 and buffer plate 13 are fixedly connected to the left side of the inner cylinder 11 of the calorimeter. The lower end of the heat insulation cover 6 overlaps the upper end of the outer cylinder 2 of the calorimeter. The lower end of the outer cylinder 2 overlaps with the bottom plate 1, which has a placement groove inside. Stirring rods are provided on both the left and right sides of the lower side of the rotating rod 12. The heat insulation cover 6 is inserted into the thermometer fixing sleeve 17 through a circular slot opened inside its right side. The thermometer fixing sleeve 17 is fixedly connected to the upper side of the thermometer 9 through a circular hole opened inside its interior. Two T-shaped rods 4 The lower ends are all fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate 1. An L-shaped plate 21 is movably connected to the rotating shaft 19. The lower end of the L-shaped plate 21 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate 1. The interaction between the buffer plate 15 and the buffer plate 13 can buffer the ice blocks falling from the release sealing component 8, thereby reducing the impact force generated during the falling of the ice blocks and preventing the liquid in the inner cylinder 11 of the calorimeter from splashing out. The L-shaped plate 21 can also support the rotating shaft 19.

[0043] The dispensing sealing assembly 8 includes a dispensing frame 87. The lower end of the dispensing frame 87 is fixedly connected to an insulating cover plate 6 with a dispensing port inside. A sealing cover 88 overlaps the upper end of the dispensing frame 87. An L-shaped plate 86 is fixedly connected to the right end of the sealing cover 88. The L-shaped plate 86 is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft 84 through a circular hole in its lower end. Support plates 85 are movably connected to both the front and rear sides of the rotating shaft 84. The left ends of the two support plates 85 are fixedly connected to the right end of the dispensing frame 87. A worm gear 81 is fixedly connected to the front end of the rotating shaft 84. The worm gear 81 meshes with a worm 82 for transmission. An L-shaped plate 83 is movably connected to the left side of the worm 82. The rear end of the third 83 is fixedly connected to the front end of the dispensing frame 87. By rotating the first worm gear 82, the second worm wheel 81 can drive the second rotating shaft 84 to rotate. The rotation of the second rotating shaft 84, under the action of the second L-shaped plate 86, can drive the sealing cover 88 to rotate upward around the second rotating shaft 84. At this time, the dispensing frame 87 can be opened. Then, the ice cubes can be conveniently put into the inner cylinder 11 of the calorimeter without opening the insulation cover 6. The first support plate 85 can support the second rotating shaft 84, and the third L-shaped plate 83 can support the first worm gear 82.

[0044] The fixing assembly 3 includes two fixing vertical plates 31. The lower ends of both fixing vertical plates 31 are fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate 1. The relatively close ends of the two fixing vertical plates 31 are fixedly connected to the front and rear ends of two fixing rods 39, respectively. The two fixing rods 39 are movably connected to two arc-shaped plates 35, each with two circular holes on its right end. The outer cylinder 2 of the calorimeter is held between the two arc-shaped plates 35. An L-shaped toothed plate 36 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rear arc-shaped plate 35. The L-shaped toothed plate 36 meshes with a gear 18 for transmission. The rear side of the rear arc-shaped plate 35 is fixedly connected to an electric hydraulic rod 310. The rear end of the electric hydraulic rod 310 is fixedly connected to the front end of the rear fixed vertical plate 31. The rear side of the rear arc-shaped plate 35 is fixedly connected to one end of two pull ropes 34. The other ends of the two pull ropes 34 pass through two concave hollow tubes 33 respectively and are fixedly connected to the rear end of the connecting plate 37. The left end of the connecting plate 37 is fixedly connected to the right end of the front arc-shaped plate 35. A fixing block 32 is fixedly connected to each of the two concave hollow tubes 33. The rear ends of the two fixing blocks 32 are both... The front end of the fixed vertical plate 31 is fixedly connected to the rear side. Springs 38 are sleeved on the front sides of both fixing rods 39. The interaction between the fixed vertical plate 31 and the fixing rods 39 restricts the movement direction of the arc-shaped plate 35. By activating the electric hydraulic rod 310, the rear arc-shaped plate 35 moves forward. Then, with the interaction of the pull rope 34, the concave hollow tube 33, and the connecting plate 37, the front arc-shaped plate 35 moves backward. At this time, the movement of the two arc-shaped plates 35 is controlled by the interaction between them. By bringing them close together, the outer cylinder 2 of the calorimeter can be clamped and fixed, increasing its stability during experimental operation. Correspondingly, when the rear arc plate 35 is moved backward, the front arc plate 35 can be moved forward by the cooperation of the pull rope 34, the concave hollow tube 33, the connecting plate 37 and the spring 38. At this time, the outer cylinder 2 of the calorimeter can be easily removed from between the two arc plates 35. The concave hollow tube 33 can change the direction of movement of the pull rope 34.

[0045] The drive assembly 5 includes a motor 52, the lower end of which is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate 1. A bevel gear 3 54 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 52. The bevel gear 3 54 meshes with a bevel gear 4 514 for transmission. The bevel gear 4 514 is fixedly connected to the lower side of a rotating shaft 3 53. The lower end of the rotating shaft 3 53 is movably connected to the upper end of the base plate 1. The rotating shaft 3 53 is movably connected to a T-shaped rotating sleeve 515 with two guide slides inside through two guide sliders. The upper end of the T-shaped rotating sleeve 515 is fixedly connected to a sprocket 2 10. The rotation of the output shaft of the motor 52, through the interaction between the bevel gear 3 54 and the bevel gear 4 514, can drive the rotating shaft 3 53 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating shaft 3 53, through the interaction between the bevel gear 3 54 and the bevel gear 4 514, drives the rotating shaft 3 53 to rotate. The cooperation between the slider and the guide groove enables the T-shaped rotating sleeve 515 to rotate. The rotation of the T-shaped rotating sleeve 515, in conjunction with the cooperation between the sprocket 2 10 and sprocket 1 7, drives the rotating rod 12 to rotate. An L-shaped plate 4 517 is movably connected to the upper side of the T-shaped rotating sleeve 515. The lower end of the L-shaped plate 4 517 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the square push frame 511. Both the front and rear ends of the square push frame 511 are fixedly connected to limiting sleeves 59. The two limiting sleeves 59 are movably connected to two T-shaped rods 4 respectively. The cooperation between the limiting sleeves 59 and the T-shaped rods 4 restricts the movement direction of the square push frame 511. L-shaped plates 512 are fixedly connected to both the front and rear sides of the upper surface of the moving frame 511. The left ends of the two L-shaped plates 512 are fixedly connected to the right side of the heat insulation cover plate 6. Two push rods 518 are movably connected inside the square push frame 511. The right ends of the two push rods 518 are fixedly connected to the upper ends of the two rotating push plates 510 respectively. The lower ends of the two rotating push plates 510 are fixedly connected to the left ends of the two rotating shafts 58 respectively. Worm gears 57 are fixedly connected to the right ends of the two rotating shafts 58. The two worm gears 57 mesh with worm gears 55. A bevel gear 516 is fixedly connected to the middle bare rod of worm gear 55. The bevel gear 516 meshes with bevel gear 20. Support plates 516 are movably connected to both the front and rear ends of worm gear 55. 1. The lower ends of the two support plates 51 are fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate 1. The two rotating shafts 58 are movably connected to the support plates 56. The lower ends of the two support plates 56 are fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate 1. The lower side of the rotating shaft 53 is movably connected to the L-shaped plate 513 with a connecting hole in its upper end. The lower end of the L-shaped plate 513 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate 1. The L-shaped plate 517 can support the T-shaped rotating sleeve 515. During the process of fixing the outer cylinder 2 of the calorimeter, the rear arc plate 35 moves forward, which can drive the L-shaped toothed plate 36 to move forward. At this time, under the action of the gear 18, the rotating shaft 19, and the bevel gear 20, the bevel gear 516 can be driven to rotate.The rotation of bevel gear 516, under the action of worm gear 55 and worm wheel 57, drives two rotating shafts 58 to rotate in opposite directions. This rotation, in turn, drives the square push frame 511 downwards via the rotating push plate 510 and push rod 518. Then, under the action of the two L-shaped plates 512, the insulation cover 6 moves downwards until its lower end overlaps the upper end of the calorimeter outer cylinder 2. Support plate 51 supports worm gear 55, and support plate 56 supports rotating shafts 58.

[0046] The operation steps of this invention are as follows:

[0047] When using this device to determine the heat of fusion of ice, the outer cylinder 2 of the calorimeter is first placed inside the placement groove on the upper surface of the base plate 1. Then, the inner cylinder 11 of the calorimeter is placed inside the outer cylinder 2 and overlapped on the annular fixing plate 14. Then, a certain mass of water is poured into the inner cylinder 11 of the calorimeter. After the above operations are completed, the electric hydraulic rod 310 is activated to drive the rear arc plate 35 forward. During the process of driving the rear arc plate 35 forward, the front arc plate 35 can be driven forward by the cooperation between the pull rope 34, the concave hollow tube 33 and the connecting plate 37. At this time, the two arc plates 35 can be brought closer to each other to achieve the fixing effect of the outer cylinder 2 of the calorimeter, thereby increasing its stability during the experiment.

[0048] As the two arc-shaped plates 35 move closer to each other, the L-shaped toothed plate 36 moves forward. Then, under the action of the gear 18, the rotating shaft 19 rotates. The rotation of the rotating shaft 19, under the action of the bevel gear 20 and bevel gear 516, drives the worm gear 55 to rotate. The worm gear 55 meshes with the two worm wheels 57, which in turn drives the two rotating shafts 58 to rotate. The rotation of the two rotating shafts 58, in cooperation with the rotating push plate 510, the push rod 518, the L-shaped plate 512, and the square push frame 511, drives the heat insulation cover 6 to move downward until it overlaps the upper end of the outer cylinder 2 of the calorimeter. At this time, the sealing effect of the inside of the outer cylinder 2 of the calorimeter can be achieved.

[0049] During the sealing process of the outer cylinder 2 of the calorimeter, the inner cylinder 11 of the calorimeter can be fixed by the cooperation between the annular pressure block 16 and the annular fixing plate 14. After the sealing of the inner cylinder 2 of the calorimeter is achieved, the temperature of the water inside the inner cylinder 11 of the calorimeter is measured by the thermometer 9. When the temperature tends to stabilize, the temperature at this moment is recorded, which is the initial temperature.

[0050] Next, the worm gear 82 is rotated, which drives the rotating shaft 84 to rotate under the action of the worm wheel 81. The rotation of the rotating shaft 84, under the action of the L-shaped plate 86, can drive the sealing cover 88 to rotate upward around the rotating shaft 84, thereby opening the upper end of the delivery frame 87. At this time, a certain mass of ice is put into the inside of the calorimeter inner cylinder 11 through the delivery frame 87. During this process, the cooperation between the buffer plate 15 and the buffer plate 13 can play a certain buffering role in the falling process of the ice, avoiding the large impact force generated by the falling ice, which would cause the water inside the calorimeter inner cylinder 11 to splash out.

[0051] After the ice is added, the worm gear 82 is rotated in the reverse direction. This, in turn, seals the upper end of the adding frame 87 through the cooperation of the worm wheel 81, L-shaped plate 86, rotating shaft 84, and sealing cover 88. Then, the motor 52 is started. The rotation of the motor 52's output shaft drives the rotating shaft 53 to rotate through the cooperation of the bevel gear 54 and bevel gear 514. The rotation of the rotating shaft 53, in turn, drives the rotating rod 12 to rotate through the cooperation of the T-shaped rotating sleeve 515, sprocket 7, and sprocket 10. The rotation of the rotating rod 12, under the action of the stirring rod on it, achieves a uniform stirring process for the ice, accelerating the melting of the ice. During this process, the scale on the thermometer 9 is observed. When the scale on the thermometer 9 becomes stable and the ice has just melted, the temperature at this moment is recorded as the final temperature. Then, the heat of melting of the ice is calculated using the existing formula.

[0052] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0053] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two elements or an interaction between two elements. Unless otherwise explicitly limited, those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0054] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An improved experimental apparatus for determining the heat of fusion of ice, comprising a base plate (1), characterized in that: A fixing assembly (3) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate (1). The fixing assembly (3) holds the outer cylinder (2) of the calorimeter inside. An annular fixing plate (14) is fixedly connected to the inner cylinder (2) of the calorimeter. The upper end of the annular fixing plate (14) overlaps with the upper side of the inner cylinder (11) of the calorimeter. An annular pressure block (16) overlaps with the upper end of the inner cylinder (11) of the calorimeter. The upper end of the annular pressure block (16) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the heat insulation cover plate (6). The heat insulation cover plate (6) is fixedly connected to the injection sealing assembly (8) through the injection port opened inside it. The heat insulation cover plate (6) is movably connected to the upper side of the rotating rod (12) through the connecting hole opened inside it. The upper end of the rotating rod (12) is fixedly connected to... A sprocket (7) is connected to a chain and a sprocket (10) is connected to it. The sprocket (10) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the drive assembly (5). The left end of the drive assembly (5) is fixedly connected to the right side of the heat insulation cover (6). The front and rear ends of the drive assembly (5) are movably connected to two T-shaped rods (4). The lower end of the drive assembly (5) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate (1). The lower side of the drive assembly (5) meshes with a bevel gear (20). The bevel gear (20) is fixedly connected to the right end of a rotating shaft (19). A gear (18) is fixedly connected to the left end of the rotating shaft (19). The gear (18) meshes with the upper side of the fixed assembly (3).

2. The improved experimental apparatus for determining the heat of fusion of ice according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner left side of the calorimeter inner cylinder (11) is fixedly connected to a buffer plate one (15) and a buffer plate two (13). The lower end of the heat insulation cover plate (6) overlaps the upper end of the calorimeter outer cylinder (2). The lower end of the calorimeter outer cylinder (2) overlaps with the bottom plate (1) with a placement groove inside the upper end. Stirring rods are provided on both the left and right sides of the lower side of the rotating rod (12).

3. The improved experimental apparatus for determining the heat of fusion of ice according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat insulation cover (6) is inserted into the thermometer fixing sleeve (17) through a circular slot on its right side. The thermometer fixing sleeve (17) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the thermometer (9) through a circular hole on its inside. The lower ends of the two T-shaped rods (4) are fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate (1). An L-shaped plate (21) is movably connected to the rotating shaft (19). The lower end of the L-shaped plate (21) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate (1).

4. The improved experimental apparatus for determining the heat of fusion of ice according to claim 3, characterized in that: The delivery sealing assembly (8) includes a delivery frame (87), the lower end of which is fixedly connected to an insulating cover plate (6) with a delivery port inside, the upper end of which is covered by a sealing cover (88), and the right end of the sealing cover (88) is fixedly connected to an L-shaped plate (86), which is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft (84) through a circular hole opened inside its lower end.

5. The improved experimental apparatus for determining the heat of fusion of ice according to claim 4, characterized in that: Support plates (85) are movably connected to both the front and rear sides of the rotating shaft (84). The left ends of the two support plates (85) are fixedly connected to the right end of the delivery frame (87). A worm gear (81) is fixedly connected to the front end of the rotating shaft (84). The worm gear (81) meshes with the worm (82) for transmission. An L-shaped plate (83) is movably connected to the left side of the worm (82). The rear end of the L-shaped plate (83) is fixedly connected to the front end of the delivery frame (87).

6. The improved experimental apparatus for determining the heat of fusion of ice according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fixing component (3) includes a fixing vertical plate (31), and there are two fixing vertical plates (31). The lower ends of the two fixing vertical plates (31) are fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate (1). The relatively close ends of the two fixing vertical plates (31) are fixedly connected to the front and rear ends of two fixing rods (39). The two fixing rods (39) are movably connected to two arc plates (35) with two circular holes in the inside of the right end. The outer cylinder (2) of the calorimeter is sandwiched between the two arc plates (35). An L-shaped toothed plate (36) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rear arc plate (35). The L-shaped toothed plate (36) meshes with a gear (18) for transmission. An electric hydraulic rod (310) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the rear arc plate (35). The rear end of the electric hydraulic rod (310) is fixedly connected to the front end of the rear fixing vertical plate (31).

7. The improved experimental apparatus for determining the heat of fusion of ice according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rear side of the arc plate (35) is fixedly connected to one end of two pull ropes (34). The other ends of the two pull ropes (34) pass through two concave hollow tubes (33) respectively and are fixedly connected to the rear end of the connecting plate (37). The left end of the connecting plate (37) is fixedly connected to the right end of the front arc plate (35). Fixing blocks (32) are fixedly connected to the two concave hollow tubes (33). The rear ends of the two fixing blocks (32) are fixedly connected to the front end of the rear fixing vertical plate (31). Springs (38) are sleeved on the front side of the two fixing rods (39).

8. The improved experimental apparatus for determining the heat of fusion of ice according to claim 7, characterized in that: The drive assembly (5) includes a motor (52), the lower end of which is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate (1). A bevel gear three (54) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor (52). The bevel gear three (54) meshes with a bevel gear four (514) for transmission. The bevel gear four (514) is fixedly connected to the lower side of a rotating shaft three (53). The lower end of the rotating shaft three (53) is movably connected to the upper end of the base plate (1). The rotating shaft three (53) is movably connected to a T-shaped rotating sleeve (515) with two guide slides inside through two guide sliders provided thereon. The T-shaped rotating sleeve (515) The upper end is fixedly connected to the sprocket two (10). The upper side of the T-shaped rotating sleeve (515) is movably connected to the L-shaped plate four (517). The lower end of the L-shaped plate four (517) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the square push frame (511). The front and rear ends of the square push frame (511) are fixedly connected to the limiting sleeves (59). The two limiting sleeves (59) are movably connected to the two T-shaped rods (4) respectively. The front and rear sides of the upper surface of the square push frame (511) are fixedly connected to the L-shaped plate five (512). The left ends of the two L-shaped plates five (512) are fixedly connected to the right side of the heat insulation cover plate (6).

9. The improved experimental apparatus for determining the heat of fusion of ice according to claim 8, characterized in that: The square push frame (511) is internally connected to two push rods (518). The right ends of the two push rods (518) are fixedly connected to the upper ends of the two rotating push plates (510), and the lower ends of the two rotating push plates (510) are fixedly connected to the left ends of the two rotating shafts (58). The right ends of the two rotating shafts (58) are fixedly connected to worm gears (57). The two worm gears (57) mesh with worm gears (55). A bevel gear (516) is fixedly connected to the middle of the worm gear (55). 16) It meshes with bevel gear 1 (20) for transmission. Both ends of the worm gear 2 (55) are movably connected to support plate 2 (51). The lower ends of the two support plates 2 (51) are fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate (1). Both rotating shafts 4 (58) are movably connected to support plate 3 (56). The lower ends of the two support plates 3 (56) are fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate (1). The lower side of the rotating shaft 3 (53) is movably connected to L-shaped plate 6 (513) with a connecting hole in the upper end. The lower end of L-shaped plate 6 (513) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate (1).

10. A method of using the improved experimental apparatus for determining the heat of fusion of ice according to claim 9, comprising the following steps: a1. When using this device to determine the heat of fusion of ice, first place the outer cylinder (2) of the calorimeter inside the placement groove opened on the upper surface of the base plate (1), then place the inner cylinder (11) of the calorimeter inside the outer cylinder (2) and overlap it on the annular fixing plate (14), then pour a certain mass of water into the inner cylinder (11) of the calorimeter. After the above operation is completed, start the electric hydraulic rod (310) to drive the rear arc plate (35) forward. During the process of driving the rear arc plate (35) forward, the front arc plate (35) can be driven forward by the mutual cooperation between the pull rope (34), the concave hollow tube (33) and the connecting plate (37). At this time, the fixation effect of the outer cylinder (2) of the calorimeter can be achieved by the two arc plates (35) approaching each other, thus increasing its stability during the experiment. a2. During the process of driving the two arc plates (35) to approach each other, the L-shaped toothed plate (36) can be driven to move forward. Then, under the action of the gear (18), the rotating shaft (19) can be driven to rotate. Through the rotation of the rotating shaft (19), under the action of the bevel gear (20) and bevel gear (516), the worm gear (55) can be driven to rotate. The worm gear (55) meshes with the two worm wheels (57) and drives the two rotating shafts (58) to rotate. Through the rotation of the two rotating shafts (58), under the mutual cooperation of the rotating push plate (510), the push rod (518), the L-shaped plate (512) and the square push frame (511), the heat insulation cover plate (6) can be driven to move downward until it overlaps the upper end of the outer cylinder (2) of the calorimeter. At this time, the sealing effect of the inside of the outer cylinder (2) of the calorimeter can be achieved. a3. During the process of sealing the inside of the outer cylinder (2) of the calorimeter, the inner cylinder (11) of the calorimeter can be fixed by the cooperation between the set annular pressure block (16) and the annular fixing plate (14). After the sealing of the inside of the outer cylinder (2) of the calorimeter is achieved, the temperature of the water inside the inner cylinder (11) of the calorimeter is measured by thermometer (9). When the temperature tends to stabilize, the temperature at this moment is recorded, which is the initial temperature. a4. Next, the worm gear (82) is rotated and driven by the worm wheel (81) to rotate the shaft (84). The rotation of the shaft (84) is driven by the L-shaped plate (86) to rotate the sealing cover (88) upward around the shaft (84), thereby opening the upper end of the delivery frame (87). At this time, a certain mass of ice is placed into the inner cylinder (11) of the calorimeter through the delivery frame (87). During this process, the cooperation between the buffer plate (15) and the buffer plate (13) can buffer the falling process of the ice, avoiding the large impact force generated during the falling process of the ice, which would cause the water inside the inner cylinder (11) of the calorimeter to splash out. a5. After the ice cubes are dispensed, the worm gear one (82) is rotated in the reverse direction. Then, with the cooperation of the worm wheel one (81), L-shaped plate two (86), rotating shaft two (84), and sealing cover (88), the upper end of the dispensing frame (87) is sealed. Then, the motor (52) is started. The rotation of the motor (52) through the rotation of its output shaft drives the rotating shaft three (53) to rotate with the cooperation of the bevel gear three (54) and bevel gear four (514). Through the rotation of the rotating shaft three (53), the T-shaped plate is sealed. The rotating sleeve (515), sprocket one (7) and sprocket two (10) work together to drive the rotating rod (12) to rotate. The rotation of the rotating rod (12) and the stirring rod set on it can achieve a uniform stirring process of the ice, which accelerates the melting of the ice. During this process, observe the scale on the thermometer (9). When the scale on the thermometer (9) becomes stable and the ice has just melted, record the temperature at this moment, which is the final temperature. Then, calculate the heat of melting of the ice using the existing formula.

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