Method and device for monitoring stoichiometric ratio of anode of hydrogen fuel cell

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen fuel cell anode stoichiometric ratio monitoring method and device. The method comprises the following steps: monitoring gas parameters of different point locations of the hydrogen fuel cell, including monitoring the total flow qA of a new hydrogen supply point location, monitoring the hydrogen concentration cB of a recirculation loop point location, and monitoring the hydrogen concentration cC of an anode inlet point location; calculating the total flow qB of the point locations of the recirculation loop; calculating the hydrogen flow qBH2 of the point location of the recirculation loop according to the total flow qB of the point location of the recirculation loop and the hydrogen concentration cB of the point location of the recirculation loop; calculating the hydrogen flow qAH2 of the new hydrogen supply point according to the total flow qA of the new hydrogen supply point and the hydrogen concentration cA of the new hydrogen supply point; according to the hydrogen flow qAH2 of the new hydrogen supply point and the hydrogen flow qBH2 of the recirculation loop point, the hydrogen flow qCH2 of the anode inlet point is calculated; and calculating the stoichiometric ratio lambda of the anode according to the hydrogen flow qCH2 at the anode inlet point and the electric quantity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell. Through the method, the accurate stoichiometric ratio of the anode can be obtained, and a reliable basis is provided for optimizing battery operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell technology, specifically to a method and device for monitoring the stoichiometry of the anode in a hydrogen fuel cell. Background Technology

[0002] The anode stoichiometric ratio (ASR) of a hydrogen fuel cell refers to the ratio of the actual hydrogen supply to the amount of hydrogen consumed in the chemical reaction of the fuel cell stack. The ASR is a key parameter for determining the operating status of the fuel cell and how the anode should be controlled. It is typically dynamically adjusted based on factors such as stack load and operating temperature to ensure a sufficient hydrogen supply to the anode side of the stack, preventing a decrease in reaction efficiency or a degradation in stack performance due to insufficient hydrogen supply.

[0003] Hydrogen fuel cells are typically equipped with a recirculation system to recover unreacted hydrogen at the anode, thereby improving hydrogen utilization. In a fuel cell system with a recirculation system, the actual hydrogen supply consists of two parts: fresh hydrogen and hydrogen recovered through the recirculation loop. However, the gas recovered in the recirculation loop is a mixture, containing nitrogen and water vapor in addition to hydrogen. Therefore, the gas actually supplied at the anode inlet is also a mixture.

[0004] Currently, for hydrogen fuel cells equipped with a recirculation system, it is not easy to measure the hydrogen content in the mixed gas at the anode inlet using a single sensor, which makes it difficult to obtain the anode stoichiometry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a method and apparatus for monitoring the stoichiometry of the anode in a hydrogen fuel cell, thereby obtaining the stoichiometry of the anode in a hydrogen fuel cell and providing a reliable basis for the optimized operation of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for monitoring the stoichiometry of the anode in a hydrogen fuel cell, comprising the following steps: The gas parameters at different points in the hydrogen fuel cell are monitored, including the total flow rate qA at the new hydrogen supply point, the hydrogen concentration cB at the recirculation loop point, and the hydrogen concentration cC at the anode inlet point. Calculate the total flow rate qB at the recirculation loop point; Calculate the hydrogen flow rate qBH2 at the recirculation loop point based on the total flow rate qB and the hydrogen concentration cB at the recirculation loop point. The hydrogen flow rate qAH2 at the new hydrogen supply point is calculated based on the total flow rate qA and the hydrogen concentration cA at the new hydrogen supply point. The hydrogen flow rate qCH2 at the anode inlet point is calculated based on the hydrogen flow rate qAH2 at the new hydrogen supply point and the hydrogen flow rate qBH2 at the recirculation loop point. The anode stoichiometry λ is calculated based on the hydrogen flow rate qCH2 at the anode inlet point and the electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0007] In one specific implementation scheme, calculating the total flow rate qB at the recirculation loop point includes: obtaining the hydrogen concentration cA at the new hydrogen supply point, and calculating the total flow rate qB at the recirculation loop point based on the total flow rate qA at the new hydrogen supply point, the hydrogen concentration cA at the new hydrogen supply point, the hydrogen concentration cB at the recirculation loop point, and the hydrogen concentration cC at the anode inlet point.

[0008] In one specific feasible implementation, the total flow rate qB of the recirculation loop point is calculated based on the total flow rate qA of the new hydrogen supply point, the hydrogen concentration cA of the new hydrogen supply point, the hydrogen concentration cB of the recirculation loop point, and the hydrogen concentration cC of the anode inlet point. This includes: calculating the total flow rate qB of the recirculation loop point based on the fact that the hydrogen flow rate qCH2 of the anode inlet point is equal to the sum of the hydrogen flow rate qAH2 of the new hydrogen supply point and the hydrogen flow rate qBH2 of the recirculation loop point, and that the total flow rate qC of the anode inlet point is equal to the sum of the total flow rate qA of the new hydrogen supply point and the total flow rate qB of the recirculation loop point; wherein qCH2 = qC·cC, qAH2 = qA·cA, and qBH2 = qB·cB.

[0009] In one specific implementation scheme, the anode stoichiometry λ is calculated based on the hydrogen flow rate qCH2 at the anode inlet point and the electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell, including: calculating the hydrogen supply mass mCH2 at the anode inlet point based on the hydrogen flow rate qCH2 at the anode inlet point, calculating the hydrogen consumption mass M of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell, and calculating the anode stoichiometry λ based on the hydrogen supply mass mCH2 at the anode inlet point and the hydrogen consumption mass M of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0010] In one specific implementation, the first end of the recirculation loop is connected to the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell via a cathode conduit, and the second end of the recirculation loop is connected to the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell via an anode conduit.

[0011] In one specific implementation, the recirculation loop point is located on the recirculation loop.

[0012] In one specific implementation, the recirculation loop point is located on the cathode pipeline, and the recirculation loop point is located between the first end of the recirculation loop and the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0013] In one specific implementation, the recirculation loop point is located on the cathode pipeline, and the first end of the recirculation loop is located between the recirculation loop point and the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0014] In one specific implementation, the new hydrogen supply point is located on the anode line, and the second end of the recirculation loop is located between the new hydrogen supply point and the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0015] In one specific implementation, the anode inlet is located on the anode pipeline, and the anode inlet is located between the second end of the recirculation loop and the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0016] In a second aspect, this application provides a hydrogen fuel cell anode stoichiometry monitoring device, the device comprising: a memory for storing a computer program; and a processor for executing the computer program stored in the memory, such that the device performs the method of any of the possible embodiments in the first aspect described above.

[0017] Thirdly, this application provides a computer program product comprising: computer program code, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method described in any of the possible embodiments of the first aspect. The computer program code may be stored wholly or partially on memory.

[0018] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer program code that, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement the method in any of the possible implementations in the first aspect described above.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows: The hydrogen fuel cell anode stoichiometry monitoring method provided in this application monitors gas parameters at three key points and uses the composition changes at the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack after the mixture of fresh hydrogen and recirculated gas to deduce the total recirculation flow rate (qB). This method not only considers the impact of recirculated gas on the anode stoichiometry but also takes into account the balance of hydrogen, nitrogen, and water vapor. By monitoring changes in gas composition, this method can simultaneously consider the contributions of fresh hydrogen and recirculated hydrogen, and can also compensate for interference factors such as purging and temperature changes, providing a reliable flow data basis for accurately obtaining the anode stoichiometry. This method solves the problem of difficulty in measuring the actual hydrogen supply in the recirculation system. By accurately obtaining the fresh hydrogen flow rate (qAH2) and the recirculated hydrogen flow rate (qBH2), combined with the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell stack, an accurate anode stoichiometry can be obtained, providing a reliable basis for the optimized operation of hydrogen fuel cells and contributing to the precise and active control of hydrogen fuel cells equipped with recirculation systems. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This illustration shows a hydrogen recirculation diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell involved in this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the monitoring points of the hydrogen fuel cell involved in this application is provided. Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the process of the hydrogen fuel cell anode stoichiometry monitoring method provided in this application is shown. Figure 4 This illustrates the expected behavior of normal cyclic purging in the relevant technology; Figure 5 This illustration demonstrates a purge control strategy using the hydrogen fuel cell anode stoichiometry monitoring method provided in this application; Figure 6 This illustrates another purge control strategy using the hydrogen fuel cell anode stoichiometry monitoring method provided in this application; Figure 7 This illustrates another purging control strategy using the hydrogen fuel cell anode stoichiometry monitoring method provided in this application.

[0021] Figure label: 1-Electric pile; 2-Ejector; 3-Recirculation loop. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The same reference numerals in the figures denote the same or similar structures, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted. The terms expressing position and direction described in the embodiments of this application are illustrative based on the accompanying drawings, but changes can be made as needed, and all such changes are included within the scope of protection of this application. The accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this application are only for illustrating relative positional relationships and do not represent actual scale.

[0023] Specific details are set forth in the following description to aid in understanding this application; however, embodiments of this application can be implemented in various ways other than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the embodiments of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0024] To facilitate understanding, the application scenarios of the hydrogen fuel cell anode stoichiometry monitoring method involved in this application will be explained first. The method provided in the embodiments of this application is applicable to the field of fuel cells, such as hydrogen fuel cells, and is used to obtain the anode stoichiometry.

[0025] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the hydrogen recirculation process of the hydrogen fuel cell involved in this application. Figure 1 As shown, the anode stoichiometry of a hydrogen fuel cell is the ratio of the actual hydrogen supply to the amount of hydrogen consumed in the chemical reaction of stack 1. For a hydrogen fuel cell equipped with a recirculation system, the actual hydrogen supply consists of two parts: fresh hydrogen and hydrogen recovered through recirculation loop 3. However, the gas recovered by recirculation loop 3 is a mixed gas, containing nitrogen and water vapor in addition to hydrogen. Therefore, the gas actually supplied at the anode inlet is also a mixed gas, and these components should be taken into account in the actual flow rate when measuring the anode stoichiometry.

[0026] For hydrogen fuel cells equipped with a recirculation system, the ratio of the secondary flow rate (recirculated gas volume) to the primary flow rate (fresh hydrogen supply) of ejector 2 is called the cycle ratio. During fuel cell operation, a small amount of nitrogen gas (from system leaks or air infiltration) and water vapor are generated at the anode. These components occupy the gas flow space, and ignoring them will lead to deviations in the calculation of the actual effective gas (hydrogen) ratio, affecting the system control accuracy.

[0027] In related technologies, the hydrogen content in the mixed gas at the anode inlet of a hydrogen fuel cell equipped with a recirculation system cannot be easily measured by a single sensor, making it difficult to obtain the anode stoichiometry. Furthermore, while stack cell voltage has been used as an indirect indicator of anode stoichiometry, the actual flow rate is unknown, and cell voltage is affected by multiple factors such as temperature, current density, and gas purity, making it impossible to directly correlate with the single variable of anode stoichiometry, thus hindering system optimization. Moreover, based on examinations of stack pressure drop or pump characteristic curves (pressure drop-related), these curves are easily affected by gas humidity, impurity (such as nitrogen) accumulation, and flow channel blockage, making it difficult to accurately deduce the actual flow rate of recirculated hydrogen, resulting in a lack of reliable data support for system optimization.

[0028] Based on this, this application provides a method for monitoring the stoichiometry of the anode in a hydrogen fuel cell, which obtains the stoichiometry of the anode in a hydrogen fuel cell through monitoring and calculation.

[0029] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the monitoring points of the hydrogen fuel cell involved in this application. Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the hydrogen fuel cell anode stoichiometry monitoring method provided in this application is shown. (Combined with...) Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the hydrogen fuel cell anode stoichiometry monitoring method provided in this application embodiment may include the following steps: Monitoring gas parameters at different points in the hydrogen fuel cell, including monitoring new hydrogen supply points ( Figure 2 The total flow rate qA at point A in the circuit is monitored at 3 points in the recirculation loop. Figure 2 The hydrogen concentration cB at point B in the diagram, and the monitoring anode inlet point ( Figure 2 The hydrogen concentration cC at point C in the diagram; Calculate the total flow rate qB at the three points in the recirculation loop; Calculate the hydrogen flow rate qBH2 at point 3 of the recirculation loop based on the total flow rate qB and the hydrogen concentration cB at point 3 of the recirculation loop. The hydrogen flow rate qAH2 at the new hydrogen supply point is calculated based on the total flow rate qA and the hydrogen concentration cA at the new hydrogen supply point. The hydrogen flow rate qCH2 at the anode inlet point is calculated based on the hydrogen flow rate qAH2 at the new hydrogen supply point and the hydrogen flow rate qBH2 at point 3 of the recirculation loop. The anode stoichiometry λ is calculated based on the hydrogen flow rate qCH2 at the anode inlet point and the electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0030] All flow rates mentioned above are mass flow rates (unit: kg / s), and all concentrations are mass concentrations (unit: kg / m3). Sensors with the required functions can be installed at different points to monitor flow rate or hydrogen concentration. For any given point, a single sensor or a combination of multiple sensors can be used, or an integrated sensor capable of monitoring multiple parameters simultaneously can be employed.

[0031] For hydrogen fuel cells equipped with a recirculation system, since unreacted (unconsumed) hydrogen is reused in the recirculated gas, simply monitoring the new hydrogen supply flow rate (point A) cannot accurately reflect the total amount of hydrogen actually participating in the reaction. If the recirculation portion is ignored, the actual hydrogen supply will be underestimated, leading to a severe distortion of the anode stoichiometry.

[0032] The hydrogen fuel cell anode stoichiometry monitoring method provided in this application monitors gas parameters at three key points. By utilizing the compositional changes at the anode inlet (point C) of stack 1 after the mixture of fresh hydrogen (point A) and recirculated gas (point B), the total recirculation flow rate (qB) is deduced. This method not only considers the impact of recirculated gas on the anode stoichiometry but also takes into account the balance of hydrogen, nitrogen, and water vapor (nitrogen and water vapor accumulate at the anode during hydrogen fuel cell operation, which are key impurities affecting the actual effective hydrogen ratio). By monitoring gas composition changes, this method can simultaneously consider the contributions of fresh hydrogen and recirculated hydrogen, and compensate for interference factors such as purging (removing accumulated impurities) and temperature changes (affecting water vapor content), providing a reliable flow rate data basis for accurately obtaining the anode stoichiometry. This method solves the problem of difficulty in measuring the actual hydrogen supply in the recirculation system. By accurately obtaining the fresh hydrogen flow rate (qAH2) and the recirculated hydrogen flow rate (qBH2), and combining it with the hydrogen consumption of stack 1, an accurate anode stoichiometric ratio can be obtained. This provides a reliable basis for the optimized operation of hydrogen fuel cells and helps to achieve precise and active control of hydrogen fuel cells equipped with a recirculation system.

[0033] In practical applications, compensation measures can be implemented at point 3 of the recirculation loop to eliminate the influence of interference factors on the monitored hydrogen concentration (cB) in the recirculated gas, ensuring the accuracy of the total recirculation flow rate (qB) at point B calculated based on this data, and laying the foundation for the accurate calculation of the anode stoichiometry. Specifically: Because some gas is forcibly discharged during system purging to remove impurities such as nitrogen accumulated at the anode, the flow rate and composition (including hydrogen concentration) of the recirculated gas experience instantaneous fluctuations. If the monitoring value at point B during the purging period is used directly, the true hydrogen concentration in the recirculated gas will be misjudged (for example, some hydrogen may be carried away during purging, resulting in a lower monitoring value). Therefore, system purging can be compensated by correcting the monitoring data during the purging period (such as removing outliers or correcting fluctuation amplitude based on purging intensity and duration) to make the hydrogen concentration at point B closer to the true value under normal circulation conditions, thus avoiding distortion of the total recirculation flow rate due to purging interference.

[0034] Since a drop in temperature reduces the water vapor concentration at 100% relative humidity (RH) (meaning the maximum amount of water vapor a gas can hold decreases at low temperatures, potentially leading to condensation), and the recirculated gas at point B contains water vapor, if the temperature drop causes condensation, the proportion of dry gas (hydrogen, nitrogen, etc.) in the total gas flow will relatively increase. This would cause a deviation in the hydrogen concentration monitoring at point B (for example, the increased volume of dry gas after condensation would result in an artificially high hydrogen concentration reading). Therefore, compensation can be made for the temperature drop by correcting the water vapor concentration based on the temperature change (calculating the actual water vapor content using pressure and RH data), restoring the true composition of the gas before condensation, and ensuring that the hydrogen concentration monitored at point B reflects the actual proportion of hydrogen in the recirculated gas, providing a reliable basis for flow calculation.

[0035] Figure 4 This illustrates the expected behavior of normal cyclic purging in related technologies. Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 This illustration demonstrates different purge control strategies that can be employed using the hydrogen fuel cell anode stoichiometry monitoring method provided in this application. By applying the hydrogen fuel cell anode stoichiometry monitoring method provided in the embodiments of this application, a hydrogen concentration-based control strategy can be implemented to meet the different requirements of stack 1 (mainly two types of requirements: hydrogen concentration requirement and ASR requirement), thereby optimizing the performance of stack 1. Specifically, as... Figure 5 As shown, the concentration reduction strategy is as follows: The hydrogen concentration at the anode inlet of stack 1 is reduced to the target value without purging, and then continuous purging is initiated to maintain this concentration. Figure 6 As shown, the concentration-increasing strategy involves continuously purging to raise the hydrogen concentration at the anode inlet of fuel cell stack 1 to the target value, and then maintaining this concentration through continuous purging. Figure 7As shown, the dynamic purging strategy involves adjusting the purging timing to achieve the target hydrogen concentration at the anode inlet of fuel cell stack 1, and then maintaining that concentration. This allows for the optimal operation of fuel cell stack 1 by controlling the hydrogen concentration (e.g., by purging to remove impurities or adjusting the supply flow rate). For example, a concentration reduction strategy can be applied to scenarios where the hydrogen percentage needs to be temporarily reduced to balance system pressure, while a concentration increase strategy can be applied to quickly remove impurities such as nitrogen accumulated at the anode to improve hydrogen purity, ensuring stable voltage and efficient operation of fuel cell stack 1. In practice, precise regulation of the hydrogen concentration can be achieved by controlling the opening and closing of the purging valve and adjusting the purging frequency.

[0036] By applying the hydrogen fuel cell anode stoichiometry monitoring method provided in this application, the performance of fuel cell stack 1 can adapt to gradual changes during its operation. This method better supports hydrogen circulation and purging control, allowing stack 1 to operate in a relatively suitable environment. Even with gradual changes in the internal environment, it remains within a suitable range, thus making stack 1's performance more stable. The application of this method can flexibly respond to transient events, avoid hydrogen shortage problems, and, by setting the lowest possible hydrogen concentration as the control target, minimize purging, thereby improving system efficiency.

[0037] Furthermore, the nitrogen flow rate and water vapor flow rate in the recirculation flow can be obtained further by using one or more of the following sensors: the calculated hydrogen flow rate (qBH2) in the recirculation flow, along with pressure, temperature, and relative humidity.

[0038] In specific implementation, calculating the total flow rate qB at point 3 of the recirculation loop includes: obtaining the hydrogen concentration cA at the new hydrogen supply point; and calculating the total flow rate qB at point 3 of the recirculation loop based on the total flow rate qA at the new hydrogen supply point, the hydrogen concentration cA at the new hydrogen supply point, the hydrogen concentration cB at point 3 of the recirculation loop, and the hydrogen concentration cC at the anode inlet point. Specifically, the total flow rate qB at point 3 of the recirculation loop is calculated based on the fact that the hydrogen flow rate qCH2 at the anode inlet point is equal to the sum of the hydrogen flow rate qAH2 at the new hydrogen supply point and the hydrogen flow rate qBH2 at point 3 of the recirculation loop, and the total flow rate qC at the anode inlet point is equal to the sum of the total flow rate qA at the new hydrogen supply point and the total flow rate qB at point 3 of the recirculation loop. Where cA can be assumed to be 100%, or determined by the standard actually conforming to by the supplied new hydrogen (e.g., ISO 14987:2019); qCH2 = qC·cC, qAH2 = qA·cA, qBH2 = qB·cB. That is: qC·cC = qA·cA + qB·cB (Formula 1); qC = qA + qB (Equation 2); According to Equations 1 and 2, we can obtain qB = qA·(cC – cA) / (cB – cC).

[0039] In practical implementation, the anode stoichiometry λ is calculated based on qCH2 and the electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell. This includes: calculating the hydrogen supply mass mCH2 at the anode inlet point based on the hydrogen flow rate qCH2; calculating the hydrogen consumption mass M of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell; and calculating the anode stoichiometry λ based on the hydrogen supply mass mCH2 and the hydrogen consumption mass M of the hydrogen fuel cell. Specifically, mCH2 is calculated based on qCH2 = qAH2 + qBH2 and the operating time; M is directly related to the current, with 1 mol of hydrogen corresponding to 2 mol of electrons, and is calculated based on the electricity generated during the operating time. Therefore, the following can be calculated: λ = mCH2 / M.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the first end of the recirculation loop 3 is connected to the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell via a cathode pipe, and the second end of the recirculation loop 3 is connected to the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell via an anode pipe, thereby recovering unreacted hydrogen and delivering it to the anode to improve hydrogen utilization. An ejector 2 or a circulation pump may be installed on the recirculation loop 3 to draw in and drive the flow of recirculated gas.

[0041] In practice, the recirculation loop 3 point can have several implementation methods. For example, the recirculation loop 3 point can be located on recirculation loop 3. Figure 2 Point B in the diagram illustrates this implementation of the recirculation loop 3 point. Alternatively, the recirculation loop 3 point can be located on the cathode line, and the recirculation loop 3 point can be located between the first end of the recirculation loop 3 and the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell. Figure 2 Point B1 in the diagram illustrates this implementation of the recirculation loop 3 point. Alternatively, the recirculation loop 3 point can be located on the cathode line, and the first end of the recirculation loop 3 can be located between the recirculation loop 3 point and the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell. Figure 2 Point B2 in the diagram illustrates this implementation of the 3-point recirculation loop. The hydrogen concentration cB at the aforementioned 3-point recirculation loop can be obtained by monitoring at point B, or at points B1 or B2.

[0042] In practice, the new hydrogen supply point can be located on the anode pipeline, and the second end of the recirculation loop 3 can be located between the new hydrogen supply point and the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell. Figure 2 Point A in the diagram illustrates this implementation of the new hydrogen supply point. The anode inlet point can be located on the anode line, and it can be located between the second end of the recirculation loop 3 and the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell. Figure 2 Point C in the diagram illustrates this implementation of the anode inlet location.

[0043] This application also provides a hydrogen fuel cell anode stoichiometry monitoring device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory can store computer programs; the processor can execute the computer programs stored in the memory to cause the device to perform the methods described above. The processor can receive signals from sensors installed at the various locations mentioned above.

[0044] This application also provides a computer program product including computer program code that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods described above. The computer program code may be stored, in whole or in part, on memory.

[0045] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer program code that, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement the above-described method.

[0046] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited to the above embodiments. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope and spirit of this application. If these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, then the intent of this application also includes these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the stoichiometry of the anode in a hydrogen fuel cell, characterized in that, include: The gas parameters at different points in the hydrogen fuel cell are monitored, including the total flow rate qA at the new hydrogen supply point, the hydrogen concentration cB at the recirculation loop point, and the hydrogen concentration cC at the anode inlet point. Calculate the total flow rate qB at the recirculation loop point; Calculate the hydrogen flow rate qBH2 at the recirculation loop point based on the total flow rate qB and the hydrogen concentration cB at the recirculation loop point. The hydrogen flow rate qAH2 at the new hydrogen supply point is calculated based on the total flow rate qA and the hydrogen concentration cA at the new hydrogen supply point. The hydrogen flow rate qCH2 at the anode inlet point is calculated based on the hydrogen flow rate qAH2 at the new hydrogen supply point and the hydrogen flow rate qBH2 at the recirculation loop point. The anode stoichiometry λ is calculated based on the hydrogen flow rate qCH2 at the anode inlet point and the electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell.

2. The method for monitoring the stoichiometry of the anode in a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, Calculate the total flow rate qB at the recirculation loop point, including: Obtain the hydrogen concentration cA at the new hydrogen supply point, and calculate the total flow rate qB at the recirculation loop point based on the total flow rate qA at the new hydrogen supply point, the hydrogen concentration cA at the new hydrogen supply point, the hydrogen concentration cB at the recirculation loop point, and the hydrogen concentration cC at the anode inlet point.

3. The method for monitoring the stoichiometry of the anode in a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The total flow rate qB at the recirculation loop point is calculated based on the total flow rate qA at the new hydrogen supply point, the hydrogen concentration cA at the new hydrogen supply point, the hydrogen concentration cB at the recirculation loop point, and the hydrogen concentration cC at the anode inlet point. This includes: The total flow rate qC at the anode inlet is equal to the sum of the hydrogen flow rate qAH2 at the new hydrogen supply point and the hydrogen flow rate qBH2 at the recirculation loop point. The total flow rate qC at the anode inlet is equal to the sum of the total flow rate qA at the new hydrogen supply point and the total flow rate qB at the recirculation loop point. The total flow rate qB at the recirculation loop point is calculated. Wherein, qCH2 = qC·cC, qAH2 = qA·cA, and qBH2 = qB·cB.

4. The method for monitoring the stoichiometry of the anode in a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anode stoichiometry λ is calculated based on the hydrogen flow rate qCH2 at the anode inlet point and the electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell, including: The hydrogen supply mass mCH2 at the anode inlet is calculated based on the hydrogen flow rate qCH2 at the anode inlet. The hydrogen consumption mass M of the hydrogen fuel cell is calculated based on the electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell. The anode stoichiometry λ is calculated based on the hydrogen supply mass mCH2 at the anode inlet and the hydrogen consumption mass M of the hydrogen fuel cell.

5. The method for monitoring the stoichiometry of the anode in a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first end of the recirculation loop is connected to the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell via a cathode pipe, and the second end of the recirculation loop is connected to the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell via an anode pipe.

6. The method for monitoring the stoichiometry of the anode in a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, The recirculation loop point is located on the recirculation loop.

7. The method for monitoring the stoichiometry of the anode in a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, The recirculation loop point is located on the cathode pipeline, and the recirculation loop point is located between the first end of the recirculation loop and the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell.

8. The method for monitoring the stoichiometry of the anode in a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, The recirculation loop point is located on the cathode pipeline, and the first end of the recirculation loop is located between the recirculation loop point and the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell.

9. The method for monitoring the stoichiometry of the anode in a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, The new hydrogen supply point is located on the anode pipeline, and the second end of the recirculation loop is located between the new hydrogen supply point and the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell.

10. The method for monitoring the stoichiometry of the anode in a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, The anode inlet point is located on the anode pipeline, and the anode inlet point is located between the second end of the recirculation loop and the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell.

11. A hydrogen fuel cell anode stoichiometry monitoring device, characterized in that, include: Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor for executing a computer program stored in the memory to cause the apparatus to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. A computer program product, characterized in that, It includes computer program code, which, when run on a computer, enables the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

13. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer program code, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

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