Display panel, electronic device including the same, and vehicle including the electronic device

Abstract

A display panel, an electronic apparatus including the same, and a vehicle including the electronic apparatus are provided. The display panel includes: a substrate including a first display area and a second display area, the second display area being connected to the first display area at an angle therebetween; a plurality of display elements spaced apart from each other in the first display area and the second display area; an encapsulation layer on the plurality of display elements; a first refractive layer in the first display area and the second display area and on the encapsulation layer; and a second refractive layer on the first refractive layer. The second display area includes a first area and a second area adjacent to the first area. The first refractive layer in the first region includes a first inclined surface, and the first refractive layer in the second region includes a second inclined surface. A first inclination angle of the first inclined surface is smaller than a second inclination angle of the second inclined surface.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and benefit to Korean Patent Application Nos. 10-2024-0156883 and 10-2025-00789001, filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on November 7, 2024 and June 16, 2025, respectively, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to aspects of one or more embodiments of this disclosure concerning a display panel, an electronic device including the display panel, and a vehicle including the electronic device. Background Technology

[0004] Mobile electronic devices are now widely used. In addition to compact electronic devices such as mobile phones, tablet PCs are also widely used as mobile electronic devices.

[0005] To support various functions, mobile electronic devices may include display panels to provide users with visual information such as images or videos. As other components used to drive the display panel have recently become more compact, the proportion of display panels in electronic devices has gradually increased, and structures for bending display panels from a flat state at specific angles have been developed.

[0006] The information disclosed in this background section is intended to enhance understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may contain information that does not constitute prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] A portion of the display panel may be bent. In this case, the image realized in some parts of the bent portion of the display panel can be reflected and seen by the user. In this case, due to the distance along the path between the reflecting portion and the user, the brightness of at least one part of the reflected image may differ from the brightness of another part of the reflected image, making it difficult to provide the user with a clear image.

[0008] One or more embodiments of this disclosure relate to a display panel on which a clear image can be displayed, an electronic device including the display panel, and a vehicle including the electronic device.

[0009] Additional aspects and features will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practice with one or more of the embodiments presented in this disclosure.

[0010] According to one or more embodiments, a display panel includes: a substrate including a first display area and a second display area connected to each other and arranged at a specific angle relative to each other; a plurality of display elements spaced apart from each other in the first display area and the second display area; an encapsulation layer disposed on the plurality of display elements; a first refractive layer disposed in the first display area and the second display area and on the encapsulation layer; and a second refractive layer disposed on the first refractive layer and having a refractive index different from that of the first refractive layer, wherein the second display area includes the first area and the second area adjacent to each other, the first refractive layer disposed in the first area includes a first tilted surface, and the first refractive layer disposed in the second area includes a second tilted surface, and a first tilt angle of the first tilted surface is smaller than a second tilt angle of the second tilted surface.

[0011] In an embodiment, at least one of the first refractive layer disposed in the first region and the first refractive layer disposed in the second region may include a hole region.

[0012] In an embodiment, the aperture region may include: a first aperture region disposed in the first refractive layer and corresponding to one of the plurality of display elements disposed in the first region; and a second aperture region disposed in the first refractive layer and corresponding to one of the plurality of display elements disposed in the second region.

[0013] In an embodiment, the total area of ​​the planar shape of the first hole region may be smaller than the total area of ​​the planar shape of the second hole region.

[0014] In one embodiment, the outermost edge of the first hole region may be outside the edge of the emission region of a display element corresponding to the first hole region.

[0015] In one embodiment, the outermost edge of the second hole region may be outside the edge of the emission region of a display element corresponding to the second hole region.

[0016] In an embodiment, the second aperture region may include: a second-1 aperture region; and a second-2 aperture region, located inside the first refractive layer disposed inside the second-1 aperture region.

[0017] In an embodiment, the planar shape of the hole region may include an island shape or a grid shape.

[0018] In an embodiment, at least one of the first refractive layer having a first inclined surface and the first refractive layer having a second inclined surface may include an island shape.

[0019] In an embodiment, the first region may be a region extending from a point 20% of the total length of the second display region separated from the boundary between the first display region and the second display region to a point 55% of the total length of the second display region separated from the boundary between the first display region and the second display region.

[0020] In an embodiment, the second region may be the region extending from a point 55% of the total length of the second display region, which is separated from the boundary between the first display region and the second display region, to the end of the edge of the second display region.

[0021] In an embodiment, the refractive index of the first refractive layer may be in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.55.

[0022] In an embodiment, the refractive index of the second refractive layer may be in the range of about 1.65 to about 1.85.

[0023] In one embodiment, the display panel may further include an input detection layer between the encapsulation layer and the first refractive layer.

[0024] In an embodiment, the display panel may further include multiple wirings between the substrate and the display elements in a plurality of display elements, wherein at least one of the multiple wirings is arranged on the substrate such that at least a portion of the pixel electrode of the display element is tilted.

[0025] In one embodiment, the slope of at least a portion of the pixel electrode rises from the first region toward the second region.

[0026] In one embodiment, one of the multiple wirings arranged to overlap with the pixel electrode may include a protrusion that protrudes in a direction different from the longitudinal direction of that single wiring.

[0027] According to one or more embodiments, a display panel includes: a substrate including a first display region and a second display region connected to each other and arranged at a specific angle relative to each other; a plurality of display elements spaced apart from each other in the first display region and the second display region; an encapsulation layer disposed on the plurality of display elements; a first refractive layer disposed in the first display region and the second display region and on the encapsulation layer; and a second refractive layer disposed on the first refractive layer and having a refractive index different from that of the first refractive layer, wherein the second display region includes the first region and the second region adjacent to each other, and at least a portion of the pixel electrode of at least one of the plurality of display elements disposed in at least one of the first region and the second region is tilted.

[0028] In an embodiment, the first refraction angle at which at least some of the light emitted from the display elements arranged in the first region is refracted when passing through the first and second refraction layers arranged in the first region may be smaller than the second refraction angle at which at least some of the light emitted from the display elements arranged in the second region is refracted when passing through the first and second refraction layers arranged in the second region, and the first and second refraction angles may be formed by the inclined surfaces of the first refraction layers arranged in the first and second regions.

[0029] In one embodiment, the slope of the pixel electrode can rise from the first region toward the second region.

[0030] In an embodiment, the display panel may further include multiple wirings between the pixel electrodes and the substrate.

[0031] In an embodiment, at least one of the plurality of wirings arranged to correspond to a pixel electrode may include a protrusion that protrudes in a direction different from the longitudinal direction of one of the plurality of wirings.

[0032] In an embodiment, the display panel may further include: a first aperture region disposed in the first refractive layer and corresponding to one of the plurality of display elements disposed in the first region; and a second aperture region disposed in the first refractive layer and corresponding to one of the plurality of display elements disposed in the second region.

[0033] In an embodiment, the total area of ​​the planar shape of the first hole region may be smaller than the total area of ​​the planar shape of the second hole region.

[0034] In an embodiment, the planar shape of at least one of the first hole region and the second hole region may include an island shape or a grid shape.

[0035] In an embodiment, the first region may be a region extending from a point 20% of the total length of the second display region separated from the boundary between the first display region and the second display region to a point 55% of the total length of the second display region separated from the boundary between the first display region and the second display region.

[0036] In an embodiment, the second region may be the region extending from a point 55% of the total length of the second display region, which is separated from the boundary between the first display region and the second display region, to the end of the edge of the second display region.

[0037] In an embodiment, the refractive index of the first refractive layer may be in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.55.

[0038] In an embodiment, the refractive index of the second refractive layer may be in the range of about 1.65 to about 1.85.

[0039] In one embodiment, the display panel may further include an input detection layer between the encapsulation layer and the first refractive layer.

[0040] According to one or more embodiments, an electronic device includes: a display panel that is bendable; and a beam splitter disposed on the display panel, transmitting a first image realized in a portion of the display panel and reflecting a second image realized in another portion of the display panel, wherein the display panel includes: a substrate including a first display region and a second display region connected to each other and arranged at a specific angle relative to each other; a plurality of display elements spaced apart from each other in the first display region and the second display region; an encapsulation layer disposed on the plurality of display elements; a first refractive layer disposed in the first display region and the second display region and on the encapsulation layer; and a second refractive layer disposed on the first refractive layer and having a refractive index different from that of the first refractive layer, the second display region including the first region and the second region adjacent to each other, the first refractive layer disposed in the first region including a first inclined surface, and the first refractive layer disposed in the second region including a second inclined surface, and a first inclined angle of the first inclined surface being smaller than a second inclined angle of the second inclined surface.

[0041] In an embodiment, at least one of the first refractive layer disposed in the first region and the first refractive layer disposed in the second region may include a hole region.

[0042] In an embodiment, the aperture region may include: a first aperture region disposed in the first refractive layer and corresponding to one of the plurality of display elements disposed in the first region; and a second aperture region disposed in the first refractive layer and corresponding to one of the plurality of display elements disposed in the second region.

[0043] In an embodiment, the total area of ​​the planar shape of the first hole region may be smaller than the total area of ​​the planar shape of the second hole region.

[0044] In one embodiment, the outermost edge of the first hole region may be outside the edge of the emission region of a display element corresponding to the first hole region.

[0045] In one embodiment, the outermost edge of the second hole region may be outside the edge of the emission region of a display element corresponding to the second hole region.

[0046] In an embodiment, the second aperture region may include: a second-1 aperture region; and a second-2 aperture region, located inside the first refractive layer disposed in the second-1 aperture region.

[0047] In an embodiment, the planar shape of the hole region may include an island shape or a grid shape.

[0048] In an embodiment, at least one of the first refractive layer having a first inclined surface and the first refractive layer having a second inclined surface may include an island shape.

[0049] In an embodiment, the first region may be a region extending from a point 20% of the total length of the second display region separated from the boundary between the first display region and the second display region to a point 55% of the total length of the second display region separated from the boundary between the first display region and the second display region.

[0050] In an embodiment, the second region may be the region extending from a point 55% of the total length of the second display region, which is separated from the boundary between the first display region and the second display region, to the end of the edge of the second display region.

[0051] In an embodiment, the refractive index of the first refractive layer may be in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.55.

[0052] In an embodiment, the refractive index of the second refractive layer may be in the range of about 1.65 to about 1.85.

[0053] In one embodiment, the display panel may further include an input detection layer between the encapsulation layer and the first refractive layer.

[0054] In an embodiment, the display panel may further include multiple wirings between the substrate and the display elements in a plurality of display elements, wherein at least one of the multiple wirings is arranged on the substrate such that at least a portion of the pixel electrode of the display element is tilted.

[0055] In one embodiment, the slope of at least a portion of the pixel electrode rises from the first region toward the second region.

[0056] In one embodiment, one of the multiple wirings arranged to overlap with the pixel electrode may include a protrusion that protrudes in a direction different from the longitudinal direction of that single wiring.

[0057] According to one or more embodiments, an electronic device includes: a display panel that is bendable; and a beam splitter disposed on the display panel, transmitting a first image realized in a portion of the display panel and reflecting a second image realized in another portion of the display panel, wherein the display panel includes: a substrate including a first display region and a second display region connected to each other and arranged at a specific angle relative to each other; a plurality of display elements spaced apart from each other in the first display region and the second display region; an encapsulation layer disposed on the plurality of display elements; a first refractive layer disposed in the first display region and the second display region and on the encapsulation layer; and a second refractive layer disposed on the first refractive layer and having a refractive index different from that of the first refractive layer, the second display region including the first region and the second region adjacent to each other, and at least a portion of the pixel electrode of at least one of the plurality of display elements disposed in at least one of the first region and the second region is tilted.

[0058] In an embodiment, the first refraction angle at which at least some of the light emitted from the display elements arranged in the first region is refracted when passing through the first and second refraction layers arranged in the first region may be smaller than the second refraction angle at which at least some of the light emitted from the display elements arranged in the second region is refracted when passing through the first and second refraction layers arranged in the second region, and the first and second refraction angles may be formed by the inclined surfaces of the first refraction layers arranged in the first and second regions.

[0059] In one embodiment, the slope of the pixel electrode can rise from the first region toward the second region.

[0060] In an embodiment, the display panel may further include multiple wirings between the pixel electrodes and the substrate.

[0061] In an embodiment, at least one of the plurality of wirings arranged to correspond to a pixel electrode may include a protrusion that protrudes in a direction different from the longitudinal direction of one of the plurality of wirings.

[0062] In an embodiment, the aperture region may include: a first aperture region disposed in the first refractive layer and corresponding to one of the plurality of display elements disposed in the first region; and a second aperture region disposed in the first refractive layer and corresponding to one of the plurality of display elements disposed in the second region.

[0063] In an embodiment, the total area of ​​the planar shape of the first hole region may be smaller than the total area of ​​the planar shape of the second hole region.

[0064] In an embodiment, the planar shape of at least one of the first hole region and the second hole region may include an island shape or a grid shape.

[0065] In an embodiment, the first region may be a region extending from a point 20% of the total length of the second display region separated from the boundary between the first display region and the second display region to a point 55% of the total length of the second display region separated from the boundary between the first display region and the second display region.

[0066] In an embodiment, the second region may be the region extending from a point 55% of the total length of the second display region, which is separated from the boundary between the first display region and the second display region, to the end of the edge of the second display region.

[0067] In an embodiment, the refractive index of the first refractive layer may be in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.55.

[0068] In an embodiment, the refractive index of the second refractive layer may be in the range of about 1.65 to about 1.85.

[0069] In one embodiment, the display panel may further include an input detection layer between the encapsulation layer and the first refractive layer.

[0070] According to one or more embodiments, a vehicle includes: a body; and an electronic device located inside the body and including a display panel, wherein the display panel includes: a substrate including a first display area and a second display area connected to each other and arranged at a specific angle relative to each other; a plurality of display elements spaced apart from each other in the first display area and the second display area; an encapsulation layer disposed on the plurality of display elements; a first refractive layer disposed in the first display area and the second display area and on the encapsulation layer; and a second refractive layer disposed on the first refractive layer and having a refractive index different from that of the first refractive layer, the second display area including the first area and the second area adjacent to each other, the first refractive layer disposed in the first area including a first inclined surface, and the first refractive layer disposed in the second area including a second inclined surface, and a first inclined angle of the first inclined surface being smaller than a second inclined angle of the second inclined surface.

[0071] In an embodiment, at least one of the first refractive layer disposed in the first region and the first refractive layer disposed in the second region may include a hole region.

[0072] In an embodiment, the aperture region may include: a first aperture region disposed in the first refractive layer and corresponding to one of the plurality of display elements disposed in the first region; and a second aperture region disposed in the first refractive layer and corresponding to one of the plurality of display elements disposed in the second region.

[0073] In an embodiment, the total area of ​​the planar shape of the first hole region may be smaller than the total area of ​​the planar shape of the second hole region.

[0074] In one embodiment, the outermost edge of the first hole region may be outside the edge of the emission region of a display element corresponding to the first hole region.

[0075] In one embodiment, the outermost edge of the second hole region may be outside the edge of the emission region of a display element corresponding to the second hole region.

[0076] In an embodiment, the second aperture region may include: a second-1 aperture region; and a second-2 aperture region, located inside the first refractive layer disposed in the second-1 aperture region.

[0077] In an embodiment, the planar shape of the hole region may include an island shape or a grid shape.

[0078] In an embodiment, at least one of the first refractive layer having a first inclined surface and the first refractive layer having a second inclined surface may include an island shape.

[0079] In an embodiment, the first region may be a region extending from a point 20% of the total length of the second display region separated from the boundary between the first display region and the second display region to a point 55% of the total length of the second display region separated from the boundary between the first display region and the second display region.

[0080] In an embodiment, the second region may be the region extending from a point 55% of the total length of the second display region, which is separated from the boundary between the first display region and the second display region, to the end of the edge of the second display region.

[0081] In an embodiment, the refractive index of the first refractive layer may be in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.55.

[0082] In an embodiment, the refractive index of the second refractive layer may be in the range of about 1.65 to about 1.85.

[0083] In one embodiment, the display panel may further include an input detection layer between the encapsulation layer and the first refractive layer.

[0084] In an embodiment, the display panel may further include multiple wirings between the substrate and the display elements in a plurality of display elements, wherein at least one of the multiple wirings is arranged on the substrate such that at least a portion of the pixel electrode of the display element is tilted.

[0085] In one embodiment, the slope of at least a portion of the pixel electrode rises from the first region toward the second region.

[0086] In one embodiment, one of the multiple wirings arranged to overlap with the pixel electrode may include a protrusion that protrudes in a direction different from the longitudinal direction of that single wiring.

[0087] According to one or more embodiments, a vehicle includes: an electronic device including a display panel, wherein the display panel includes: a substrate including a first display region and a second display region connected to each other and arranged at a specific angle relative to each other; a plurality of display elements spaced apart from each other in the first display region and the second display region; an encapsulation layer disposed on the plurality of display elements; a first refractive layer disposed in the first display region and the second display region and on the encapsulation layer; and a second refractive layer disposed on the first refractive layer and having a refractive index different from that of the first refractive layer, wherein the second display region includes the first region and the second region adjacent to each other, and at least a portion of the pixel electrode of at least one of the plurality of display elements disposed in at least one of the first region and the second region is tilted.

[0088] In an embodiment, the first refraction angle at which at least some of the light emitted from the display elements arranged in the first region is refracted when passing through the first and second refraction layers arranged in the first region may be smaller than the second refraction angle at which at least some of the light emitted from the display elements arranged in the second region is refracted when passing through the first and second refraction layers arranged in the second region, and the first and second refraction angles may be formed by the inclined surfaces of the first refraction layers arranged in the first and second regions.

[0089] In one embodiment, the slope of the pixel electrode can rise from the first region toward the second region.

[0090] In an embodiment, the display panel may further include multiple wirings between the pixel electrodes and the substrate.

[0091] In an embodiment, at least one of the plurality of wirings arranged to correspond to a pixel electrode may include a protrusion that protrudes in a direction different from the longitudinal direction of one of the plurality of wirings.

[0092] In an embodiment, the aperture region may include: a first aperture region disposed in the first refractive layer and corresponding to one of the plurality of display elements disposed in the first region; and a second aperture region disposed in the first refractive layer and corresponding to one of the plurality of display elements disposed in the second region.

[0093] In an embodiment, the total area of ​​the planar shape of the first hole region may be smaller than the total area of ​​the planar shape of the second hole region.

[0094] In an embodiment, the planar shape of at least one of the first hole region and the second hole region may include an island shape or a grid shape.

[0095] In an embodiment, the first region may be a region extending from a point 20% of the total length of the second display region separated from the boundary between the first display region and the second display region to a point 55% of the total length of the second display region separated from the boundary between the first display region and the second display region.

[0096] In an embodiment, the second region may be the region extending from a point 55% of the total length of the second display region, which is separated from the boundary between the first display region and the second display region, to the end of the edge of the second display region.

[0097] In an embodiment, the refractive index of the first refractive layer may be in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.55.

[0098] In an embodiment, the refractive index of the second refractive layer may be in the range of about 1.65 to about 1.85.

[0099] In one embodiment, the display panel may further include an input detection layer between the encapsulation layer and the first refractive layer.

[0100] However, this disclosure is not limited to the foregoing aspects and features, and the foregoing and additional aspects and features will be set forth in part in the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, and will be apparent in part from thereto, or may be learned by practice of one or more of the presented embodiments of this disclosure.

[0101] Some aspects and features of this disclosure described above can be implemented by using any suitable system, method, computer program, or any suitable combination of such systems, methods and computer programs. Attached Figure Description

[0102] The above and other aspects and features of this disclosure will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description of illustrative, non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0103] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the exterior of a vehicle according to an embodiment;

[0104] Figure 2A This is a schematic diagram illustrating the interior of a vehicle according to an embodiment;

[0105] Figure 2B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the interior of a vehicle according to an embodiment;

[0106] Figure 2CThis is a schematic diagram illustrating the interior of a vehicle according to an embodiment;

[0107] Figure 3A This is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to an embodiment;

[0108] Figure 3B This is a schematic diagram illustrating a perspective view of the display panel according to an embodiment;

[0109] Figure 3C This is a schematic diagram showing a plan view of the display panel according to an embodiment;

[0110] Figure 4 The schematic map shows the following: Figure 3B A block diagram of an electronic device with a display panel shown;

[0111] Figure 5A and Figure 5B This is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to some embodiments;

[0112] Figure 6 This is a schematic map illustrating the equivalent circuit diagram of a sub-pixel according to an embodiment;

[0113] Figure 7A It is a schematic map shown in Figures 3A to 3C The plan view of the emitting area of ​​the display element and the first refractive layer in the connection area shown;

[0114] Figure 7B It is a schematic map shown in Figures 3A to 3C A plan view of the emitting area of ​​the display element and the first refractive layer in the first region shown;

[0115] Figure 7C It is a schematic map shown in Figures 3A to 3C A plan view of the emitting area of ​​the display element and the first refractive layer in the second region shown;

[0116] Figure 8 It is a schematic map showing Figure 7A , Figure 7B and Figure 7C A cross-sectional view of the display element shown;

[0117] Figure 9A and Figure 9B It is a schematic map showing the manufacturing process. Figure 8 A cross-sectional view showing the sequence of methods for displaying the panel;

[0118] Figure 10A and Figure 10BThis is a schematic diagram illustrating a plan view of a first-3 emitting region of a first-3 display element and a first refractive layer arranged in a second region of a display panel according to some embodiments;

[0119] Figure 11 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a portion of the display panel according to an embodiment;

[0120] Figure 12 It is a schematic map shown in Figure 11 A plan view showing the emission area and wiring locations in the second region of the display panel;

[0121] Figure 13 It is a schematic plan view illustrating a portion of the display panel according to an embodiment; and

[0122] Figure 14 It is along Figure 13 The cross-sectional view taken by line D-D'. Detailed Implementation

[0123] For the purposes of this description, the embodiments will be illustrated in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same reference numerals refer to the same elements throughout. However, this disclosure may be embodied in various different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided as examples so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey to those skilled in the art the aspects and features of this disclosure. Accordingly, processes, elements, and techniques that are not essential to a person of ordinary skill in the art for a full understanding of the aspects and features of this disclosure may not be described. Unless otherwise stated, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements throughout the accompanying drawings and written description, and therefore, redundant descriptions thereof will not be repeated.

[0124] When an embodiment can be implemented differently, the specific order of processing may differ from the order described. For example, two consecutively described processes may be executed simultaneously or substantially simultaneously, or they may be executed in the reverse order of the described order.

[0125] Furthermore, as those skilled in the art will understand, given the overall nature of this disclosure, each suitable feature of the various embodiments of this disclosure may be combined or integrated with each other in part or in whole, and may be technically interconnected and operated in various suitable ways, and each embodiment may be implemented independently of each other or in combination with each other in any suitable way, unless otherwise stated or implied.

[0126] In the accompanying drawings, for clarity, the relative dimensions, thicknesses, and proportions of elements, layers, and regions may be exaggerated and / or simplified. For ease of interpretation, spatially related terms such as “below,” “under,” “down,” “below,” “above,” and “on” are used herein to describe the relationship between one element or feature illustrated in the figures and another element (or feature) or feature (or feature). It will be understood that, in addition to the orientations depicted in the figures, spatially related terms are intended to cover different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figures is flipped, an element described as “below” or “under” or “below” other elements or features will subsequently be oriented “above” other elements or features. Thus, the terms “below” and “below” can encompass both above and below orientations. The device may be oriented in other ways (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or otherwise), and the spatially related descriptors used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

[0127] Furthermore, it should be anticipated that the shapes shown in the figures may differ in practice depending on, for example, tolerances and / or manufacturing techniques. Accordingly, the embodiments of this disclosure should not be construed as limited to the specific shapes shown in the figures, and should be interpreted in light of variations in shape that may occur, for example, due to manufacturing processes. Thus, the shapes shown in the figures may not depict the actual shape of an area of ​​the device, and this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0128] In the diagram, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis are not limited to the three axes of a Cartesian coordinate system and can be interpreted in a broader sense. For example, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis can be perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to each other, or they can represent different directions that are not perpendicular to each other.

[0129] It will be understood that although the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, areas, layers, and / or parts, these elements, components, areas, layers, and / or parts should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element, component, area, layer, or part from another element, component, area, layer, or part. Therefore, the first element, component, area, layer, or part described below may be referred to as the second element, component, area, layer, or part without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure.

[0130] It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "on," "connected to," or "coupled to" another element or layer, it can be directly on, directly connected to, or coupled to that other element or layer, or there may be one or more intervening elements or layers. Similarly, when a layer, region, or element is referred to as being "electrically connected" to another layer, region, or element, it can be directly electrically connected to that other layer, region, or element, and / or can be indirectly electrically connected by having one or more intervening layers, regions, or elements between them. Furthermore, it will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "between" two elements or layers, it can be the only element or layer between those two elements or layers, or there may be one or more intervening elements or layers.

[0131] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit this disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a” and “an” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” “comprise,” “having,” and “having” as used in this specification designate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. For example, the expression “A and / or B” means A, B, or A and B. Expressions such as “at least one of…” when placed after a list of elements modify the entire list of elements and do not modify any individual element in the list. For example, the expressions “at least one of a, b and c” and “at least one selected from the group consisting of a, b and c” mean only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all a, b and c, or variations thereof.

[0132] As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” and other similar terms are used as approximate terms and not as terms of degree, and are intended to account for inherent deviations in measured or calculated values ​​that will be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, when describing embodiments of this disclosure, the use of “may” refers to “one or more embodiments of this disclosure.” As used herein, the terms “use,” “utilized,” and “used” can be considered synonymous with the terms “exploited,” “utilized,” and “exploited,” respectively.

[0133] Unless otherwise specified, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It will be further understood that terms (such as those defined in common dictionaries) shall be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the relevant field and / or the context of this specification, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

[0134] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the exterior of the vehicle 1000 according to an embodiment. Figures 2A to 2C This is a schematic diagram illustrating the interior of a vehicle 1000 according to various embodiments.

[0135] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2A , Figure 2B and Figure 2C Vehicle 1000 can refer to any suitable equipment that transports a payload, such as a person, object, or animal, from a point of origin to a destination. Vehicle 1000 can include any suitable type of ground vehicle that travels on roads or tracks, a vessel that travels on oceans or rivers, or an aircraft that flies in the air by utilizing air action. For ease of explanation, vehicle 1000 will be described in more detail below in the context of a representative example of a ground vehicle.

[0136] Vehicle 1000 can move in a desired direction (e.g., a specific or predetermined direction) based on the rotation of at least one wheel. For example, vehicle 1000 may include three-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicles, construction equipment, two-wheeled vehicles, electric devices, bicycles, driving robots, and / or trains traveling on tracks.

[0137] Vehicle 1000 may include a body having interior and exterior sections, and a chassis, in addition to the body, on which mechanical devices for drive are mounted. The exterior of the body may include a front bulkhead, hood, roof panel, rear bulkhead, luggage compartment, and filler strips provided at the boundaries between the doors. The chassis of vehicle 1000 may include a power generation unit, power transmission unit, drive unit, steering unit, braking unit, suspension unit, transmission unit, fuel system, and / or front, rear, left, and right wheels, etc.

[0138] Vehicle 1000 may include side window glass 1100, front window glass 1200, side rearview mirror 1300, instrument panel 1400, central instrument panel 1500, and passenger-side instrument panel 1600.

[0139] The side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200 can be separated by a filler strip arranged between the side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200.

[0140] Side window 1100 can be mounted on a side surface of vehicle 1000. In an embodiment, side window 1100 can be mounted on a door of vehicle 1000. Multiple side windows 1100 can be provided, and the multiple side windows 1000 can face each other. In an embodiment, side window 1100 can include a first side window 1110 and a second side window 1120. In an embodiment, the first side window 1110 can be arranged adjacent to instrument panel 1400. The second side window 1120 can be arranged adjacent to passenger-side instrument panel 1600.

[0141] In this embodiment, the side window panes 1100 may be spaced apart from each other in the x-direction or in a direction opposite to the x-direction. For example, the first side window pane 1110 and the second side window pane 1120 may be spaced apart from each other in the x-direction or in a direction opposite to the x-direction. In other words, the imaginary straight line L connecting the side window panes 1100 or extending through the side window panes 1100 may extend in the x-direction or in a direction opposite to the x-direction. For example, the imaginary straight line L connecting the first side window pane 1110 and the second side window pane 1120 or extending through the first side window pane 1110 and the second side window pane 1120 may extend in the x-direction or in a direction opposite to the x-direction.

[0142] The windshield 1200 can be installed at the front of the vehicle 1000. The windshield 1200 can be arranged between the side windows 1100 facing each other.

[0143] The side rearview mirror 1300 provides a rearward view of the vehicle 1000. The side rearview mirror 1300 can be mounted on the exterior of the vehicle body. In an embodiment, multiple side rearview mirrors 1300 can be provided. One of the multiple side rearview mirrors 1300 can be positioned on the outer side of the first side window 1110. Another of the multiple side rearview mirrors 1300 can be positioned on the outer side of the second side window 1120.

[0144] The instrument panel 1400 may be located in front of the steering wheel. The instrument panel 1400 may include a tachometer, speedometer, coolant temperature gauge, fuel gauge, turn signal indicator, high beam indicator, hazard lights, seat belt warning light, odometer, odometer recorder, automatic transmission gear position indicator, door opening warning light, engine oil warning light and / or low fuel warning light.

[0145] The central instrument panel 1500 may include an audio system, an air conditioning system, and a control panel with multiple buttons for adjusting the seat heaters. The central instrument panel 1500 may be located on one side of the instrument cluster 1400.

[0146] The passenger-side instrument panel 1600 may be spaced apart from the instrument cluster 1400, and the central dashboard 1500 is located between the passenger-side instrument panel 1600 and the instrument cluster 1400. In an embodiment, the instrument cluster 1400 may be arranged to correspond to the driver's seat, and the passenger-side instrument panel 1600 may be arranged to correspond to the passenger seat. In an embodiment, the instrument cluster 1400 may be adjacent to the first side window 1110, and the passenger-side instrument panel 1600 may be adjacent to the second side window 1120.

[0147] The side window glass 1100, the front window glass 1200, the side rearview mirror 1300, the instrument panel 1400, the center instrument panel 1500 and / or the passenger instrument panel 1600 may include electronic devices 1.

[0148] In an embodiment, the electronic device 1 may include a display panel, a beam splitter, and a transmission window 2. An image may be displayed on the display panel. The electronic device 1 may be disposed inside the vehicle 1000. The transmission window 2 may include a transparent material and may transmit light reflected from and / or passing through the beam splitter. In an embodiment, the electronic device 1 may be disposed between opposing side window panes 1100. The electronic device 1 may be disposed on at least one of the instrument panel 1400, the center console 1500, and the passenger-side instrument panel 1600.

[0149] Display panels may include liquid crystal display panels, electrophoretic display panels, organic light-emitting display panels, inorganic light-emitting display panels, field emission display panels, surface conduction electron emission display panels, quantum dot display panels, plasma display panels, or cathode ray display panels, etc. In the following description, organic light-emitting display panels will be used as representative examples of display panels according to embodiments for more detailed explanation. However, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and in embodiments, display panels with various suitable modes and configurations as described above may be used.

[0150] refer to Figure 2A The electronic device 1 can be mounted on the central dashboard 1500. In one embodiment, the electronic device 1 can display navigation information. In another embodiment, the electronic device 1 can display information related to audio, video, or vehicle settings.

[0151] In this embodiment, the light emitted from the electronic device 1 can travel in an appropriate direction (e.g., a specific or predetermined direction). For example, the light emitted from the electronic device 1 can travel towards the driver's seat. The light emitted from the electronic device 1 can travel towards the passenger seat. The light emitted from the electronic device 1 may not travel to the windshield 1200.

[0152] refer to Figure 2BThe electronic device 1 can be mounted on the instrument panel 1400. In this case, the instrument panel 1400 can display driving information, etc., using the electronic device 1. For example, the instrument panel 1400 can be implemented digitally. This digital instrument panel 1400 can display vehicle information and driving information as images. For example, the tachometer needle and scale, as well as various warning light icons, can all be displayed using digital signals.

[0153] In an embodiment, the light emitted from the electronic device 1 can travel in an appropriate direction (e.g., a specific or predetermined direction). For example, the light emitted from the electronic device 1 can travel towards the driver's seat.

[0154] refer to Figure 2C The electronic device 1 can be arranged on the passenger-side instrument panel 1600. The electronic device 1 can be embedded in the passenger-side instrument panel 1600, or it can be located on the passenger-side instrument panel 1600. In one embodiment, the electronic device 1 arranged on the passenger-side instrument panel 1600 can display information displayed on the instrument panel 1400 and / or the center console 1500. In another embodiment, the electronic device 1 arranged on the passenger-side instrument panel 1600 can display information different from the information displayed on the instrument panel 1400 and / or the center console 1500.

[0155] In this embodiment, the light emitted from the electronic device 1 can travel in an appropriate direction (e.g., a specific or predetermined direction). For example, the light emitted from the electronic device 1 can travel towards the passenger seat. As another example, the light emitted from the electronic device 1 may not travel towards the driver's seat. As another example, the light emitted from the electronic device 1 may not travel to the second side window 1120.

[0156] In some embodiments, light emitted from the electronic device 1 disposed on the passenger side dashboard 1600 may not travel to the windshield 1200. Therefore, the driver's forward driving view may not be obstructed by the electronic device 1 disposed on the passenger side dashboard 1600.

[0157] However, the electronic device 1 described above is not limited to this and can be a device for displaying moving or still images. The electronic device 1 may include a variety of suitable portable electronic devices (such as mobile phones, smartphones, tablet PCs, mobile communication terminals, e-notebooks, e-book readers, portable multimedia players (PMPs), navigation systems, or ultra-mobile PCs (UMPCs)) or a variety of suitable products (such as televisions, laptops, monitors, billboards, or Internet of Things (IoT) devices). In some embodiments, the electronic device 1 may include a variety of suitable wearable devices (such as smartwatches, watch phones, glasses displays, or head-mounted displays (HMDs)). In some embodiments, the electronic device 1 may be mounted on the back of the front seats to provide entertainment for the rear seats of the vehicle.

[0158] Figure 3A This is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional view of an electronic device 1 according to an embodiment. Figure 3B This is a schematic diagram showing a perspective view of the display panel 10 according to an embodiment. Figure 3C This is a schematic diagram showing a plan view of the display panel 10 according to an embodiment.

[0159] refer to Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C The electronic device 1 may include a display panel 10, a beam splitter 3, and a transmission window 2.

[0160] Display panel 10 may include substrate 100 and a multilayer film above substrate 100. Display area DA and peripheral area PA may be defined within substrate 100 and / or the multilayer film. For example, substrate 100 may include display area DA and peripheral area PA. Hereinafter, for ease of explanation, display area DA and peripheral area PA will be described as being defined within substrate 100 as a representative example. Subpixels P may be arranged in display area DA. A plurality of subpixels P may display an image. Each of the plurality of subpixels P may be connected to a corresponding scan line SL extending in a first direction (e.g., the x-direction or the direction opposite to the x-direction) and a corresponding data line DL extending in a second direction (e.g., the y-direction or the direction opposite to the y-direction). In an embodiment, subpixels P may be arranged on the front surface FS1 of display panel 10.

[0161] Subpixel P can be implemented as a display element. Display panel 10 can provide an image by using light emitted from subpixel P. Light emitted from subpixel P can travel in one direction from the front surface FS1 of display panel 10. Light emitted from subpixel P may not travel in another direction from the front surface FS1 of display panel 10. In embodiments, light emitted from subpixel P can travel in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the front surface FS1 of display panel 10 (e.g., the z-direction). Light emitted from subpixel P can travel in a direction oblique to the front surface FS1 of display panel 10 (e.g., a direction intersecting the z-direction). Light emitted from subpixel P may not include components in at least one of the x- and y-directions.

[0162] In one embodiment, sub-pixel P can emit one of red, green, and blue light using a display element. In another embodiment, sub-pixel P can emit one of red, green, blue, and white light using a display element. In yet another embodiment, sub-pixel P can be defined as an emitting area of ​​the display element for emitting light of any one of red, green, blue, and white colors.

[0163] In some embodiments, a sub-pixel P may include a light-emitting diode (LED) as a display element capable of emitting light of a desired color (e.g., a specific or predetermined color). The LED may include an organic LED comprising an organic material as an emission layer. In some embodiments, the LED may include an inorganic LED. In some embodiments, the LED may include quantum dots as an emission layer. In some embodiments, the size of the LED may be on the micrometer or nanometer scale. For example, the LED may be a microLED. In some embodiments, the LED may be a nanoLED. A nanoLED may include gallium nitride (GaN). In some embodiments, a color conversion layer may be disposed on the nanoLED. The color conversion layer may include quantum dots. For ease of explanation, the LED may be described in more detail as including an organic LED as a representative example.

[0164] A peripheral region PA may be arranged outside the display region DA. The peripheral region PA may at least partially surround the display region DA (e.g., surround its perimeter). In an embodiment, the peripheral region PA may completely surround the display region DA (e.g., enclose its perimeter). A scan driver for providing scan signals to each of the sub-pixels P may be arranged in the peripheral region PA. A data driver for providing data signals to the sub-pixels P may be arranged in the peripheral region PA. The peripheral region PA may include a pad region. In an embodiment, pads may be arranged in the pad region. The pads may be exposed rather than covered by an insulating layer and may be electrically connected to a printed circuit board or driver integrated circuit (IC). Through the pads, signals and / or voltages received from the printed circuit board or driver IC can be transmitted to the sub-pixels P arranged in the display region DA via wiring connected to the pads.

[0165] The display panel 10 can be at least partially bent. In this case, the display panel 10 may include a display area DA in which an image is displayed. The display area DA may include a first display area DA1 and a second display area DA2, which are connected to each other and arranged to form a desired angle (e.g., a specific or predetermined angle) between them. In this case, a bending region may exist between the first display area DA1 and the second display area DA2. The bending region may be a part of the first display area DA1 or a part of the second display area DA2. For ease of illustration, as a representative example, the bending region described in more detail below may be a part of the second display area DA2.

[0166] The second display area DA2 may include a connecting area DA-2A connected to the first display area DA1, a first area DA-2B connected to the connecting area DA-2A, and a second area DA-2C connected to the first area DA-2B. In this case, the connecting area DA-2A may be arranged on the side furthest from the user UR, and the second area DA-2C may be arranged on the side closest to the user UR. Furthermore, the first area DA-2B may be arranged between the connecting area DA-2A and the second area DA-2C. In this case, light emitted from each of the areas may take different paths. For example, light emitted from the first display area DA1 and the connecting area DA-2A may travel in a straight line. At least some of the light emitted from the first area DA-2B and the second area DA-2C may travel relative to a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the surface of the second display area DA2 (e.g., Figure 3BAn angle (e.g., a specific or predetermined angle) is formed by the light emitted from the first region DA-2B relative to a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the surface of the second display region DA2. For example, the angle formed by at least some of the light emitted from the second region DA-2C relative to a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the surface of the second display region DA2 may be smaller than the angle formed by at least some of the light emitted from the second region DA-2C relative to a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the surface of the second display region DA2.

[0167] In this case, in the first direction (e.g., Figure 3B The first length L1 of the connecting area DA-2A (measured in the x-direction) can be approximately 20% of the total length Lt of the second display area DA2. The second length L2 of the first area DA-2B can be approximately 35% of the total length Lt of the second display area DA2. The third length L3 of the second area DA-2C can be approximately 45% of the total length Lt of the second display area DA2. The total length Lt of the second display area DA2 can be the length from the boundary between the first display area DA1 and the second display area DA2 to the edge of the second display area DA2. Furthermore, the first length L1, the second length L2, and the third length L3 can indicate the distance between the boundaries of each area.

[0168] The peripheral region PA may be a region that does not provide an image. The peripheral region PA may at least partially surround the display region DA (e.g., surround its perimeter). In an embodiment, the peripheral region PA may completely surround the display region DA (e.g., enclose its perimeter). Drivers or similar devices for providing electrical signals or power to the sub-pixel P may be arranged in the peripheral region PA. Furthermore, the peripheral region PA may include a pad region in which pads are arranged.

[0169] Display panel 10 may include edges. In an embodiment, display panel 10 may include at least one edge. For example, display panel 10 may have a polygonal shape. In another example, display panel 10 may have a circular or elliptical shape. In another example, the edges of display panel 10 may include curves. Hereinafter, as a representative example, display panel 10 having a rectangular shape will be described in more detail.

[0170] The display panel 10 may include a first edge Lx and a second edge Ly. The first edge Lx may be an edge of the display panel 10 extending in the x-direction or in a direction opposite to the x-direction. The second edge Ly may be an edge of the display panel 10 extending in the y-direction or in a direction opposite to the y-direction. In embodiments, the first edge Lx and the second edge Ly may differ in length. For example, the first edge Lx may be longer than the second edge Ly. As another example, the first edge Lx may be shorter than the second edge Ly. In another embodiment, the first edge Lx and the second edge Ly may be equal in length or substantially equal in length.

[0171] Beam splitter 3 can be arranged between the first display area DA1 and the second display area DA2. Beam splitter 3 can transmit the image realized in the first display area DA1 and reflect the image realized in the second display area DA2. User UR can view an image through beam splitter 3. In this case, the image viewed by the user can be in three-dimensional or two-dimensional form.

[0172] Figure 4 The schematic map shows the following: Figure 3B Block diagram of electronic device 1 of display panel 10 shown.

[0173] refer to Figure 4 The electronic device 1 may include a main processor 510, a wireless communication unit 520, an input unit 530, a sensor unit 540, an output unit 550, an interface unit 560, a memory 570, and / or a power supply unit 580.

[0174] The wireless communication unit 520 may include at least one of the following: a broadcast receiving module 521, a mobile communication module 522, a wireless internet module 523, a short-range communication module 524, and a location information module 525.

[0175] The broadcast receiving module 521 can receive broadcast signals and / or broadcast-related information from an external broadcast management server via a broadcast channel. The broadcast channel may include a satellite channel or a terrestrial channel.

[0176] Mobile communication module 522 can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from base stations, external terminals, and external servers on a mobile communication network established according to technical standards or communication schemes for mobile communication (e.g., Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000), Enhanced Voice Data Optimized or Enhanced Voice Data Only (EV-DO), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), High-Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High-Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Long Term Evolution (LTE) or Advanced Long Term Evolution (LTE-A), etc.). Wireless signals may include voice call signals, video call signals, or various appropriate forms of data transmitted and received according to text / multimedia messages.

[0177] The wireless internet module 523 can provide wireless internet access. The wireless internet module 523 can transmit / receive wireless signals in a communication network according to wireless internet technologies. For example, wireless internet technologies may include wireless local area network (WLAN), Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi Direct, and / or Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA).

[0178] The short-range communication module 524 can be used for short-range communication and can support short-range communication by using at least one of Bluetooth™, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Infrared Data Association (IrDA), Ultra Wideband (UWB), ZigBee, Near Field Communication (NFC), Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi Direct, and Wireless Universal Serial Bus (Wireless USB) technologies. Through a short-range wireless local area network (WLAN), the short-range communication module 524 can support wireless communication between electronic device 1 and a wireless communication system, between electronic device 1 and another electronic device, or between electronic device 1 and the network where other electronic devices (or external servers) reside. The short-range WLAN can be a short-range wireless personal area network (WLAN). Other electronic devices can be wearable devices that can exchange data with (or interact with) electronic device 1.

[0179] The location information module 525 can obtain the location of the electronic device 1 and may include a Global Positioning System (GPS) module or a Wi-Fi module.

[0180] The input unit 530 may include at least one of an image input unit (such as a camera device 531) for inputting image signals, an audio input unit (such as a microphone 532) for inputting audio signals, and an input device 533 for receiving information input from a user. The camera device 531 can process image frames (such as still images or moving images) acquired by an image sensor in video call mode or shooting mode. The processed image frames can be displayed on the display panel 10 or stored in the memory 570. The microphone 532 can process external audio signals into electronic voice data. The processed voice data can be utilized differently depending on the function performed on the electronic device 1 (e.g., a running application).

[0181] The main processor 510 can control the operation of the electronic device 1 in response to information received via the input device 533. The input device 533 may include mechanical input devices (such as buttons, membrane switches, dials, or microswitches) or touch input devices located on the rear or side surface of the electronic device 1. The touch input device may include the touch screen layer of the display panel 10.

[0182] Sensor unit 540 may include one or more sensors to sense at least one of information in electronic device 1, information about the surrounding environment of electronic device 1, and user information, and may generate a sensing signal corresponding to the sensed information. Based on the sensing signal, main processor 510 may control the driving or operation of electronic device 1, or may perform data processing, functions, or operations related to applications installed on electronic device 1. Sensor unit 540 may be a component-related proximity sensor, lighting sensor, or facial recognition sensor. In some embodiments, sensor unit 540 may include an accelerometer, magnetic sensor, G-sensor, gyroscope sensor, motion sensor, RGB sensor, infrared (IR) sensor, fingerprint scanning sensor, ultrasonic sensor, optical sensor, and / or battery level sensor. Furthermore, sensor unit 540 may include environmental sensors or chemical sensors. For example, environmental sensors may be barometers, hygrometers, thermometers, radiation detection sensors, heat detection sensors, and / or gas detection sensors. Chemical sensors may be electronic noses, health monitoring sensors, and / or biometric sensors.

[0183] The output unit 550 is used to generate outputs related to visual, auditory, or tactile sensations, and may include at least one of the display panel 10, audio output unit 551, tactile module 552, and optical output unit 553.

[0184] Display panel 10 can display (e.g., output) information processed in electronic device 1. For example, display panel 10 can display execution screen information of an application running on electronic device 1, user interface (UI) information based on the execution screen information, or graphical user interface (GUI) information. Display panel 10 may include a display layer for displaying images and a touch screen layer for detecting user touch input. Thus, display panel 10 can be used as one of the input devices 533 that provide an input interface between electronic device 1 and the user, and also as one of the output units 550 that provide an output interface between electronic device 1 and the user.

[0185] In call signal receiving mode, call mode, recording mode, voice recognition mode, and / or broadcast receiving mode, audio output unit 551 can output audio data received from wireless communication unit 520 or stored in memory 570. Audio output unit 551 can output audio signals related to the functions performed in electronic device 1 (e.g., call signal receiving sound or message receiving sound, etc.). Audio output unit 551 may include a receiver and a speaker. At least one of the receiver and speaker may be an audio generating device attached to the lower part of display panel 10, and may cause display panel 10 to vibrate and output sound. The audio generating device may be a piezoelectric element or piezoelectric actuator that contracts and expands according to an electrical signal, or an exciter that generates magnetic force by using a voice coil to cause display panel 10 to vibrate.

[0186] The haptic module 552 can generate various appropriate tactile effects that the user can perceive. The haptic module 552 can provide vibrations to the user as tactile effects. The haptic module 552 can transmit tactile effects not only through direct contact, but also by allowing the user to perceive tactile effects through the muscles of his / her fingers or arm.

[0187] The optical output unit 553 can output a signal to notify of an event by using light from a light source. Examples of events occurring in the electronic device 1 may include receiving a message, receiving a call signal, receiving a missed call, an alarm clock, a calendar reminder, receiving an email, and / or receiving information via an application. The signal output from the optical output unit 553 can be achieved when the electronic device 1 emits one or more colors of light from its front or back. The output of the signal can be terminated when the electronic device 1 detects user confirmation of the event.

[0188] Interface unit 560 can be used as a channel for various suitable types of external devices connected to electronic device 1. Interface unit 560 may include at least one of a wired / wireless headphone port, an external charger port, a wired / wireless data port, a memory card port, a port for connecting to a device with an identification module, an audio input / output (I / O) port, a video I / O port, and a headphone port. When an external device is connected to interface unit 560, electronic device 1 can perform appropriate control associated with the connected external device.

[0189] The memory 570 can store data for supporting various appropriate functions of the electronic device 1. The memory 570 can store multiple applications running on the electronic device 1, data for the operation of the electronic device 1, and / or instructions. At least some of the applications can be downloaded from an external server via wireless communication. The memory 570 can store applications for operating the main processor 510, or can temporarily store input / output data such as a phone book, messages, still images, and / or moving images. Furthermore, the memory 570 can store tactile data for various vibration patterns provided to the tactile module 552, and audio data related to various sounds provided to the audio output unit 551.

[0190] The memory 570 may include at least one of the following storage media: flash memory, hard disk, solid-state drive (SSD), silicon disk drive (SDD), micro multimedia card, card memory (e.g., secure digital (SD) or extreme digital (XD) memory), random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), magnetic storage, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0191] Under the control of the main processor 510, the power supply unit 580 can receive external power and / or internal power, and can supply power to each of the components included in the electronic device 1.

[0192] Figure 5A and Figure 5B This is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to some embodiments.

[0193] refer to Figure 5A and Figure 5B The display panel 10 may include a display panel unit DP and a cover window 20. The display panel unit DP may include a substrate 100, a display layer 200, an encapsulation layer 300, a functional layer 400, and an anti-reflective layer 500.

[0194] The substrate 100 may comprise a polymeric resin such as polyethersulfone, polyarylate, polyetherimide, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyimide, polycarbonate, and / or cellulose acetate propionate. In embodiments, the substrate 100 may be a multilayer structure comprising a base layer containing a polymeric resin and an insulating layer. The substrate 100 comprising the polymeric resin may have flexible, rollable, or bendable properties.

[0195] Display layer 200 may be disposed on substrate 100. Display layer 200 may include pixel circuit layer 210 and display element layer 220. Pixel circuit layer 210 may include a plurality of pixel circuits. Display element layer 220 may include a plurality of display elements respectively connected to the plurality of pixel circuits. In an embodiment, the plurality of display elements may be spaced apart from each other in a first display area DA1 and a second display area DA2. Each of the display elements provided in display element layer 220 may define a sub-pixel. Pixel circuit layer 210 may include a plurality of thin-film transistors and a plurality of storage capacitors.

[0196] The encapsulation layer 300 can be disposed on the display layer 200. In an embodiment, the encapsulation layer 300 may include at least one inorganic encapsulation layer and at least one organic encapsulation layer. The at least one inorganic encapsulation layer may include alumina (Al2O3), titanium oxide (TiO2), tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), zinc oxide (ZnO), silicon oxide (SiO2), or silicon nitride (SiN). x One or more inorganic materials selected from silicon oxynitride (SiON) and / or silicon oxynitride (SiON). At least one organic encapsulation layer may include a polymeric material. The polymeric material may include acrylic resins, epoxy resins, polyimides, or polyethylene, etc. In an embodiment, at least one organic encapsulation layer may include acrylates.

[0197] In another embodiment, the encapsulation layer 300 may have a structure in which the substrate 100 and the transparent upper substrate are coupled to each other by a sealing member, such that the internal space between the substrate 100 and the upper substrate is sealed. A moisture absorbent or filler, etc., may be located in this internal space. The sealing member may be a sealant, and in embodiments, the sealing member may include a suitable material that is curable by laser. For example, the sealing member may be a glass frit. For example, the sealing member may include polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, and / or acrylic resins as organic sealants, or silicone as inorganic sealants. For example, polyurethane resins may include polyurethane acrylates, etc. For example, acrylic resins may include butyl acrylate or ethylhexyl acrylate, etc. In some embodiments, the sealing member may include a suitable material that is curable by heat.

[0198] Functional layer 400 may be disposed on encapsulation layer 300. Functional layer 400 may include a first layer 400a and a second layer 400b. In an embodiment, at least one of the first layer 400a and the second layer 400b may include an input detection layer that is a touch sensor layer. The touch sensor layer that senses user touch input may detect user touch input by using at least one of various suitable touch methods such as resistive film method or capacitive method. In an embodiment, at least one of the first layer 400a and the second layer 400b may include an optical layer. In an embodiment, the optical layer may have a suitable structure for controlling the direction of light emitted from the display element.

[0199] In an embodiment, the functional layer 400 may be provided such that a portion of the configuration of the touch sensor layer and a portion of the configuration of the optical layer are shared. For example, the functional layer 400 may be a touch sensor layer capable of sensing touch input and an optical layer capable of improving optical performance.

[0200] refer to Figure 5A An anti-reflective layer 500 can be disposed on the functional layer 400. The anti-reflective layer 500 can reduce the reflectivity of light (e.g., external light) incident from the outside toward the display panel unit DP.

[0201] In an embodiment, the antireflective layer 500 may be provided as a polarizing film. The polarizing film may include a linear polarizer or a phase retardation film (such as a quarter-wave plate (λ / 4 wave plate)). The phase retardation film may be disposed on the functional layer 400, and the linear polarizer may be disposed on the phase retardation film.

[0202] In an embodiment, the antireflective layer 500 may include a light-shielding layer and / or a filter layer containing color filters. The color filters may be arranged considering the color of light emitted from the sub-pixels. For example, the filter layer may include a red filter, a green filter, or a blue filter.

[0203] In an embodiment, when the antireflective layer 500 includes a light-shielding layer and / or a color filter, the antireflective layer 500 can be disposed between the first layer 400a and the second layer 400b, such as... Figure 5B As shown in the diagram. In this case, the configuration of the anti-reflective layer 500 and the configuration of the optical layer can be shared with each other.

[0204] Cover window 20 may be disposed on display panel unit DP. In embodiments, cover window 20 may be coupled to at least one of the elements located below (e.g., directly below) cover window 20 using an adhesive such as optically clear adhesive (OCA) (e.g., directly beneath). Cover window 20 may protect display panel unit DP. Cover window 20 may include at least one of glass, sapphire, and plastic. Cover window 20 may be, for example, ultrathin glass (UTG) and / or colorless polyimide (CPI).

[0205] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the equivalent circuit diagram of sub-pixel P according to an embodiment.

[0206] refer to Figure 6 The sub-pixel P may include pixel circuit PC and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) as a display element.

[0207] The pixel circuit PC may include a driving transistor T1, a switching thin-film transistor T2, and a storage capacitor Cst. For example, each sub-pixel P may emit one of red, green, and blue light, or one of red, green, blue, and white light, through an organic light-emitting diode (OLED).

[0208] The switching thin-film transistor T2 can be connected to the scan line SL and the data line DL, and can transmit the data signal or data voltage received via the data line DL to the driving transistor T1 based on the scan signal or switching voltage received via the scan line SL. The storage capacitor Cst can be connected to the switching thin-film transistor T2 and the driving voltage line PL, and can store a voltage corresponding to the voltage difference between the voltage received from the switching thin-film transistor T2 and the first power voltage ELVDD supplied to the driving voltage line PL.

[0209] The driving transistor T1 can be connected to the driving voltage line PL and the storage capacitor Cst, and can control the driving current flowing from the driving voltage line PL to the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) to correspond to the voltage value stored in the storage capacitor Cst. The OLED can emit light with a desired brightness (e.g., a specific or predetermined brightness) according to the driving current. The common electrode (e.g., the cathode) of the OLED can receive a second power voltage ELVSS.

[0210] Figure 7A It is a schematic map shown in Figures 3A to 3C The diagram shows the emission area of ​​the display element in the connection area DA-2A and the plan view of the first refractive layer.

[0211] refer to Figure 7AMultiple display elements can be arranged in the connecting area DA-2A. For example, the multiple display elements may include a first-1 display element OLED1-1 as a first display element, a second-1 display element OLED2-1 as a second display element, and a third-1 display element OLED3-1 as a third display element. In this case, each of the display elements can correspond to a sub-pixel. The display elements can emit light of different colors from each other. For example, the first-1 display element OLED1-1 can emit blue light, the second-1 display element OLED2-1 can emit green light, and the third-1 display element OLED3-1 can emit red light. In this case, the second-1 display element OLED2-1 and the third-1 display element OLED3-1 can be arranged symmetrically or substantially symmetrically with respect to the first-1 display element OLED1-1. For example, as Figure 7A As shown, the four second-1 display elements OLED2-1 can be symmetrical or substantially symmetrical with respect to the first-1 display element OLED1-1. Furthermore, the two third-1 display elements OLED3-1 can be arranged symmetrical or substantially symmetrical with respect to the first-1 display element OLED1-1.

[0212] A display element may include an emitting region. The emitting region may indicate each area in the display element that emits light of a desired color, and may be defined by the following references. Figure 8 The more detailed description of the dam layer 225 makes the emission layer 222b (see, for example, see...) Figure 8 () Exposed flat or substantially flat shape.

[0213] The first-1 display element OLED1-1 may include a first-1 emission region EL1-1, the second-1 display element OLED2-1 may include a second-1 emission region EL2-1, and the third-1 display element OLED3-1 may include a third-1 emission region EL3-1.

[0214] The first refractive layer BL1 can be disposed on the first-1 display element OLED1-1, the second-1 display element OLED2-1, and the third-1 display element OLED3-1 to completely shield the first-1 display element OLED1-1, the second-1 display element OLED2-1, and the third-1 display element OLED3-1. For example, the first refractive layer BL1 can be disposed to completely shield the first-1 emission region EL1-1, the second-1 emission region EL2-1, and the third-1 emission region EL3-1. In this case, the first refractive layer BL1 can be disposed to completely cover the above reference. Figures 3A to 3C The first display area DA1 and the connection area DA-2A are described.

[0215] Figure 7B It is a schematic map showing the arrangement in Figures 3A to 3C The diagram shows the emission region of the display element and the plan view of the first refractive layer in the first region DA-2B.

[0216] refer to Figure 7B Multiple display elements can be arranged in the first region DA-2B. For example, the multiple display elements may include a first-2 display element OLED1-2, a second-2 display element OLED2-2, and a third-2 display element OLED3-2. The first-2 display element OLED1-2, the second-2 display element OLED2-2, and the third-2 display element OLED3-2 can be respectively connected to the above-mentioned reference. Figure 7A The first-1 display element OLED1-1, the second-1 display element OLED2-1, and the third-1 display element OLED3-1 described herein are identical or substantially identical (or similar), and therefore, redundant descriptions thereof will not be repeated below. Each of the display elements may include an emission region. For example, the first-2 display element OLED1-2 may include a first-2 emission region EL1-2, the second-2 display element OLED2-2 may include a second-2 emission region EL2-2, and the third-2 display element OLED3-2 may include a third-2 emission region EL3-2. Because the first-2 emission regions EL1-2, the second-2 emission regions EL2-2, and the third-2 emission regions EL3-2 can be respectively compared with the above references... Figure 7A The first-1 emission region EL1-1, the second-1 emission region EL2-1, and the third-1 emission region EL3-1 are described as being the same or substantially the same (or similar), so their redundant descriptions will not be repeated below.

[0217] The first refractive layer BL1 can be arranged on the display element as described above. The first refractive layer BL1 may include a first aperture region corresponding to a corresponding display element arranged in the first region DA-2B. For example, the first refractive layer BL1 may include a first-2 aperture region SL-2A corresponding to the first-2 display element OLED1-2, a second-2 aperture region SL-2B corresponding to the second-2 display element OLED2-2, and a third-2 aperture region SL-2C corresponding to the third-2 display element OLED3-2. The first aperture region corresponding to the corresponding display element may have a planar shape that is the same as or substantially the same as (or similar to) the planar shape of the emitting region of the corresponding display element. The planar shape of the corresponding first aperture region may be formed to be larger than the planar shape of the emitting region of the corresponding display element. For example, the first aperture region may expose at least a portion of the corresponding emitting region to the outside. In this case, the planar shape of the corresponding emitting region may be arranged inside the planar shape of the first aperture region. For example, the planar shape of the first-2 emission region EL1-2 can be arranged inside the planar shape of the first-2 aperture region SL-2A, the planar shape of the second-2 emission region EL2-2 can be arranged inside the planar shape of the second-2 aperture region SL-2B, and the planar shape of the third-2 emission region EL3-2 can be arranged inside the planar shape of the third-2 aperture region SL-2C. In this case, the edges of the corresponding first aperture regions can be spaced apart from the edges of the corresponding emission regions.

[0218] The first refractive layer BL1 may include island layers disposed in corresponding aperture regions. The planar shape of the island layers disposed in the corresponding first aperture regions may be the same as or substantially the same as (or similar to) the planar shape of the corresponding first aperture regions. Furthermore, the edges of the planar shape of the corresponding first aperture regions may be spaced apart from the edges of the planar shapes of the corresponding island layers. The edges of the planar shapes of the corresponding island layers may be spaced apart from the edges of the planar shapes corresponding to the first aperture regions and the corresponding emission regions. Additionally, the planar shapes of the island layers may be disposed inside the planar shapes corresponding to the emission regions and the corresponding first aperture regions.

[0219] The first refractive layer BL1 may include a first-2 island layer BL1-2 disposed inside the first-2 hole region SL-2A, a second-2 island layer BL2-2 disposed inside the second-2 hole region SL-2B, and a third-2 island layer BL3-2 disposed inside the third-2 hole region SL-2C. Each of the first-2 island layer BL1-2, the second-2 island layer BL2-2, and the third-2 island layer BL3-2 may be disconnected from the first refractive layer BL1 through the first-2 hole region SL-2A, the second-2 hole region SL-2B, and the third-2 hole region SL-2C, respectively.

[0220] Figure 7C It is a schematic map shown in Figures 3A to 3C The diagram shows the emission region of the display element in the second region DA-2C and a plan view of the first refractive layer.

[0221] refer to Figure 7C Multiple display elements can be arranged in the second region DA-2C. For example, the multiple display elements may include a first-3 display element OLED1-3, a second-3 display element OLED2-3, and a third-3 display element OLED3-3. The first-3 display element OLED1-3, the second-3 display element OLED2-3, and the third-3 display element OLED3-3 can be respectively connected to the above-mentioned reference. Figure 7A The first-1 display element OLED1-1, the second-1 display element OLED2-1, and the third-1 display element OLED3-1 are the same or substantially the same (or similar), and therefore, redundant descriptions of them will not be repeated below.

[0222] Each of the display elements may include an emission region. For example, the first-3 display element OLED1-3 may include a first-3 emission region EL1-3, the second-3 display element OLED2-3 may include a second-3 emission region EL2-3, and the third-3 display element OLED3-3 may include a third-3 emission region EL3-3. This is because the first-3 emission region EL1-3, the second-3 emission region EL2-3, and the third-3 emission region EL3-3 can be respectively associated with the above reference. Figure 7A The first-1 emission region EL1-1, the second-1 emission region EL2-1, and the third-1 emission region EL3-1 are described as being the same or substantially the same (or similar), so their redundant descriptions will not be repeated below.

[0223] The first refractive layer BL1 can be arranged on the display element disposed in the second region DA-2C as described above. The first refractive layer BL1 disposed in the second region DA-2C may include a second aperture region. The planar shape of the island layer disposed in the corresponding second aperture region may be the same as or substantially the same as (or similar to) the planar shape of the corresponding second aperture region. Furthermore, the edges of the planar shape of the corresponding second aperture region may be spaced apart from the edges of the planar shapes of the corresponding island layers. The edges of the planar shapes of the corresponding island layers may be spaced apart from the edges of the planar shapes of the second aperture region corresponding to the island layer and the edges of the planar shapes of the emitting regions corresponding to the island layer. In addition, the planar shapes of the island layers may be disposed inside the planar shapes of the emitting regions corresponding to the island layers and the planar shapes of the corresponding second aperture regions.

[0224] The first refractive layer BL1 may include a first-3 island layer BL1-3 disposed inside the first-3 hole region SL-3A (i.e., the first-3A hole region SL-3AA), a second-3 island layer BL2-3 disposed inside the second-3 hole region SL-3B (i.e., the second-3A hole region SL-3BA), and a third-3 island layer BL3-3 disposed inside the third-3 hole region SL-3C (i.e., the third-3A hole region SL-3CA). Each of the first-3 island layer BL1-3, the second-3 island layer BL2-3, and the third-3 island layer BL3-3 may be disconnected from the first refractive layer BL1 through the first-3 hole region SL-3A, the second-3 hole region SL-3B, and the third-3 hole region SL-3C, which are the second hole regions, respectively.

[0225] The first-3 hole region SL-3A may include a first-3A hole region SL-3AA disposed outside the first-3 island layer BL1-3 and a first-3B hole region SL-3AB disposed inside the first-3 island layer BL1-3. The first-3A hole region SL-3AA and the first-3 island layer BL1-3 may each have an annular planar shape. The planar shape of the first-3 island layer BL1-3 may be disposed inside the outermost edge of the planar shape of the first-3A hole region SL-3AA. Furthermore, the first-3B hole region SL-3AB may have an island-shaped planar shape. The planar shape of the first-3B hole region SL-3AB may be disposed inside the outermost edge of the planar shape of the first-3 island layer BL1-3. Additionally, the first-3B hole region SL-3AB may be disconnected from the first-3A hole region SL-3AA.

[0226] The second-3-hole region SL-3B may include the second-3A hole region SL-3BA and the second-3B hole region SL-3BB. Furthermore, the third-3-hole region SL-3C may include the third-3A hole region SL-3CA and the third-3B hole region SL-3CB. Because the second-3-hole regions SL-3B and the third-3-hole region SL-3C are similar to the first-3-hole region SL-3A described above, their redundant description will not be repeated below.

[0227] The total area of ​​the first aperture region corresponding to a display element arranged in the first region DA-2B can be smaller than the total area of ​​the second aperture region arranged in the second region DA-2C, which corresponds to a display region emitting light of the same color as a display element arranged in the first region DA-2B. For example... Figure 7B The total area of ​​the planar shape of the first-2 hole region SL-2A shown can be less than Figure 7CThe total planar area of ​​the first-3 hole region SL-3A shown is illustrated. The total planar area of ​​the second-2 hole region SL-2B can be smaller than the total planar area of ​​the second-3 hole region SL-3B. Furthermore, the total planar area of ​​the third-2 hole region SL-2C can be smaller than the total planar area of ​​the third-3 hole region SL-3C.

[0228] Furthermore, the total area of ​​the planar shapes of the island layers in the display areas of the first and second regions, where display elements emitting light of the same color are respectively arranged, can be different from each other. For example, the total area of ​​the planar shapes of the island layers arranged to correspond to the display area of ​​the first region DA-2B can be greater than the total area of ​​the planar shapes of the island layers arranged to correspond to the display area of ​​the second region DA-2C. For example, Figure 7B The total area of ​​the planar shape of the first-2 island layer BL1-2 shown can be greater than Figure 7C The total area of ​​the planar shape of the first-3 island layer BL1-3 shown is greater than the total area of ​​the planar shape of the second-2 island layer BL2-2. Furthermore, the total area of ​​the planar shape of the third-2 island layer BL3-2 is greater than the total area of ​​the planar shape of the third-3 island layer BL3-3.

[0229] By controlling the amount of refracted light through differences in area as described above, the brightness of the light emitted from the corresponding area and reflected from the beam splitter can be uniform or substantially uniform.

[0230] Figure 8 It is a schematic map showing Figure 7A , Figure 7B and Figure 7C The cross-sectional view of the display element shown is shown. Figure 8 It shows along Figure 7A The line A-A' Figure 7B The line B-B' and Figure 7C The cross-sectional view taken from line C-C'.

[0231] refer to Figure 8 The display panel 10 may include a substrate 100, a display layer 200, an encapsulation layer 300, a first refractive layer BL1, and a second refractive layer OL.

[0232] The display layer 200 can be disposed on the substrate 100. The display layer 200 may include a pixel circuit layer 210 and a display element layer 220. The pixel circuit layer 210 may include a buffer layer 211, a first gate insulating layer 213, a second gate insulating layer 215, an interlayer insulating layer 217, an organic insulating layer 219, and a pixel circuit PC. The pixel circuit PC may include a thin-film transistor (TFT) and a storage capacitor Cst. The thin-film transistor (TFT) may include a semiconductor layer Act, a gate electrode GE, a source electrode SE, and a drain electrode DE.

[0233] The buffer layer 211 can be disposed on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 211 may include materials such as SiN. x Inorganic insulating materials of SiON and / or SiO2, and may be one or more of these inorganic insulating materials in one or more layers.

[0234] The thin-film transistor (TFT) may include a semiconductor layer Act, and the semiconductor layer Act may be disposed on the buffer layer 211. The semiconductor layer Act may include polycrystalline silicon. As another example, the semiconductor layer Act may include amorphous silicon, oxide semiconductor, or organic semiconductor, etc. The semiconductor layer Act may include a channel region, a drain region, and a source region. The drain region and the source region may be disposed on opposite sides of the channel region, respectively.

[0235] The gate electrode GE may overlap with the channel region. The gate electrode GE may include a low-resistance metallic material. The gate electrode GE may include, for example, a conductive material such as molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), and / or titanium (Ti), and may include one or more layers containing one or more of these conductive materials.

[0236] The first gate insulating layer 213, which may be located between the semiconductor layer Act and the gate electrode GE, may include materials such as SiO2 and SiN. x Inorganic insulating materials of SiON, Al2O3, TiO2, Ta2O5, hafnium oxide (HfO2) and / or ZnO.

[0237] The second gate insulating layer 215 can be provided to cover the gate electrode GE. Similar to the first gate insulating layer 213, the second gate insulating layer 215 may include materials such as SiO2 and SiN. x Inorganic insulating materials of SiON, Al2O3, TiO2, Ta2O5, HfO2 and / or ZnO.

[0238] The upper electrode CE2 of the storage capacitor Cst can be disposed on the second gate insulating layer 215. The upper electrode CE2 can overlap with the gate electrode GE located below (e.g., directly below) the upper electrode CE2. The gate electrode GE and the upper electrode CE2 can constitute the electrodes of the storage capacitor Cst, wherein the gate electrode GE and the upper electrode CE2 overlap each other, and the second gate insulating layer 215 is located between the gate electrode GE and the upper electrode CE2. In other words, the gate electrode GE can be used as the lower electrode CE1 of the storage capacitor Cst, and the upper electrode CE2 can be the upper electrode CE2 of the storage capacitor.

[0239] In some embodiments, the storage capacitor Cst and the thin-film transistor TFT can be formed to overlap each other. In some embodiments, the storage capacitor Cst can be formed not to overlap with the thin-film transistor TFT.

[0240] The upper electrode CE2 may include Al, platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), calcium (Ca), Mo, Ti, tungsten (W), and / or Cu, and may include one or more of these materials in one or more layers.

[0241] The interlayer insulating layer 217 may cover the upper electrode CE2. The interlayer insulating layer 217 may include materials such as SiO2 and SiN. x Inorganic insulating materials such as SiON, Al2O3, TiO2, Ta2O5, HfO2, and / or ZnO. The interlayer insulation layer 217 may be one or more layers comprising one or more of these inorganic insulating materials.

[0242] The drain electrode DE and source electrode SE can be disposed on the interlayer insulating layer 217. The drain electrode DE and source electrode SE can be electrically connected to the semiconductor layer Act. The drain electrode DE and source electrode SE can comprise suitable materials having conductivity (e.g., good conductivity). The drain electrode DE and source electrode SE can comprise conductive materials such as Mo, Al, Cu, and / or Ti, and can comprise one or more layers containing one or more of these conductive materials. In an embodiment, the drain electrode DE and source electrode SE can have a Ti / Al / Ti multilayer structure.

[0243] Organic insulating layer 219 may be arranged to cover drain electrode DE and source electrode SE. Organic insulating layer 219 may include organic insulating materials such as general-purpose polymers (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or polystyrene (PS)), polymer derivatives having phenolic groups, acrylic polymers, imide polymers, aromatic ether polymers, amide polymers, fluorinated polymers, p-xylene polymers, vinyl alcohol polymers, and / or any suitable blends thereof. In some embodiments, organic insulating layer 219 may include a first organic insulating layer and a second organic insulating layer.

[0244] Display element layer 220 may be disposed on pixel circuit layer 210. Display element layer 220 may be disposed on organic insulating layer 219. Display element layer 220 may include multiple organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which are multiple display elements. In an embodiment, display element layer 220 may further include a dam layer 225. For ease of explanation, the first-1 display element OLED1-1, the first-2 display element OLED1-2, and the first-3 display element OLED1-3, respectively disposed in connection region DA-2A, first region DA-2B, and second region DA-2C, will be described in more detail below. The relationship between the second-1 display element OLED2-1, the second-2 display element OLED2-2, and the second-3 display element OLED2-3 can be similar to the relationship between the first-1 display element OLED1-1, the first-2 display element OLED1-2, and the first-3 display element OLED1-3. The relationship between the third-1 display element OLED3-1, the third-2 display element OLED3-2, and the third-3 display element OLED3-3 can be similar to the relationship between the first-1 display element OLED1-1, the first-2 display element OLED1-2, and the first-3 display element OLED1-3. Therefore, redundant descriptions of this relationship will not be repeated below.

[0245] The first-1 display element OLED1-1, the first-2 display element OLED1-2, and the first-3 display element OLED1-3 can be arranged on the organic insulating layer 219.

[0246] The first-1 display element OLED1-1, the first-2 display element OLED1-2, and the first-3 display element OLED1-3 can emit one of red, green, and blue light, or one of red, green, blue, and white light. In the following description, for ease of explanation, the case where each of the first-1 display element OLED1-1, the first-2 display element OLED1-2, and the first-3 display element OLED1-3 emits blue light will be described in more detail as a representative example. Furthermore, the following description will primarily focus on the first-1 display element OLED1-1, as the first-2 display elements OLED1-2 and the first-3 display element OLED1-3 can be identical or substantially identical (or similar) to the first-1 display element OLED1-1.

[0247] The first-1 display element OLED1-1 may include a pixel electrode 221, an intermediate layer 222, and a common electrode 223. The pixel electrode 221 may be electrically connected to a thin-film transistor (TFT) through contact holes defined in an organic insulating layer 219 (e.g., penetrating the organic insulating layer 219). The pixel electrode 221 may include a conductive oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), ZnO, In2O3, indium gallium oxide (IGO), and / or zinc aluminum oxide (AZO). In another embodiment, the pixel electrode 221 may include a reflective film comprising Ag, Mg, Al, Pt, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, and / or any suitable compound thereof. In another embodiment, the pixel electrode 221 may further include a film comprising ITO, IZO, ZnO, and / or In2O3 above / below the reflective film. For example, the pixel electrode 221 may have a multilayer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO.

[0248] The dam layer 225 may cover the edge of the pixel electrode 221. The dam layer 225 may have an opening OP defined therein. The central portion of the pixel electrode 221 may be exposed through the opening OP. The opening OP may be defined as an emission region for light emitted from an organic light-emitting diode (OLED). In an embodiment, the width of the first-1 emission region EL1-1 in the first direction x may be greater than the width of the first-1 emission region EL1-1 in the second direction y. In an embodiment, the dam layer 225 may comprise organic and / or inorganic materials. In an embodiment, the dam layer 225 may be transparent. In some embodiments, the dam layer 225 may comprise a black matrix. In this case, the dam layer 225 may be opaque.

[0249] The intermediate layer 222 may include a first functional layer 222a, an emitting layer 222b, and a second functional layer 222c. The emitting layer 222b may include a polymer or a low molecular weight organic material that emits light of a desired color (e.g., a specific or predetermined color).

[0250] In embodiments, at least one of the first functional layer 222a and the second functional layer 222c may be a common layer integrally arranged over the display area. For example, the first functional layer 222a may include a hole transport layer (HTL), or may include an HTL and a hole injection layer (HIL). The second functional layer 222c may include an electron transport layer (ETL) and / or an electron injection layer (EIL). In some embodiments, the second functional layer 222c may be omitted as needed or desired.

[0251] A common electrode 223 may be disposed on the emitter layer 222b. The common electrode 223 may comprise a conductive material having a low work function. For example, the common electrode 223 may comprise a (semi-)transparent layer comprising Ag, Mg, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, lithium (Li), Ca, and / or any suitable alloy thereof. In some embodiments, the common electrode 223 may further comprise a layer such as ITO, IZO, ZnO, AZO, and / or In2O3 on top of a (semi-)transparent layer comprising one or more of the materials described above.

[0252] In some embodiments, a capping layer may be further disposed on the common electrode 223. The capping layer may include lithium fluoride (LiF), inorganic materials, and / or organic materials.

[0253] The encapsulation layer 300 can be disposed on the display element layer 220. The encapsulation layer 300 can cover the first-1 display element OLED1-1, the first-2 display element OLED1-2, and the first-3 display element OLED1-3. In an embodiment, the encapsulation layer 300 may include at least one inorganic encapsulation layer and at least one organic encapsulation layer. Figure 8 The encapsulation layer 300 is shown to include a first inorganic encapsulation layer 310, an organic encapsulation layer 320, and a second inorganic encapsulation layer 330 stacked in sequence.

[0254] At least one inorganic encapsulation layer may include Al2O3, TiO2, Ta2O5, HfO2, ZnO, SiO2, or SiN. x The inorganic encapsulation layer 310 may include one or more inorganic materials, such as SiON and / or SiN. In an embodiment, the first inorganic encapsulation layer 310 may include SiON. The second inorganic encapsulation layer 330 may include SiN. x .

[0255] At least one organic encapsulation layer may comprise a polymeric material. The polymeric material may include acrylic resins, epoxy resins, polyimides, or polyethylene, etc. In an embodiment, at least one organic encapsulation layer may comprise an acrylate.

[0256] In this embodiment, the first refractive layer BL1 and the second refractive layer OL can be located in the first display area DA1 and the second display area DA2. The first refractive layer BL1 and the second refractive layer OL can be disposed on the encapsulation layer 300. The refractive indices of the first refractive layer BL1 and the second refractive layer OL can be different from each other.

[0257] The first refractive index of the first refractive layer BL1 can be in the range of about 1.3 to about 1.6. In embodiments, the first refractive index of the first refractive layer BL1 can be in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.55. For example, the first refractive layer BL1 may include ethylhexyl acrylate, pentafluoropropyl acrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and / or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, etc. In embodiments, the first refractive layer BL1 may include an acrylic organic material having a refractive index of about 1.5. Furthermore, the first refractive layer BL1 may include a suitable material for forming the organic encapsulation layer 320 of the encapsulation layer 300. In embodiments, the first refractive layer BL1 may include an epoxy organic material, and in some cases, may also include a photocurable material.

[0258] The second refractive layer OL can be a planarization layer having a second refractive index. The second refractive index of the second refractive layer OL can be in the range of about 1.65 to about 1.85. For example, the second refractive layer OL can include polydiarylsiloxane, methyltrimethoxysilane, and / or tetramethoxysilane, etc. In embodiments, the second refractive layer OL can include acrylic organic materials and / or siloxane organic materials having a refractive index of about 1.6. In another embodiment, the second refractive layer OL can include dispersed particles for a high refractive index. For example, zinc oxide (ZnO) can be dispersed in the second refractive layer OL. x Metal oxide particles of TiO2, zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and / or barium titanate (BaTiO3).

[0259] In this case, the first refractive layer BL1 and the second refractive layer OL can be arranged in multiple display regions in the respective regions with the same or substantially the same (or similar) shapes. For ease of explanation, the following will describe in more detail the case where the first refractive layer BL1 and the second refractive layer OL are arranged on the first-1 display element OLED1-1 arranged in the connecting region DA-2A, the first-2 display element OLED1-2 arranged in the first region DA-2B, and the first-3 display element OLED1-3 arranged in the second region DA-2C.

[0260] The first refractive layer BL1 can be disposed over the entire upper surface of the display element in the connection region DA-2A, and may not have an aperture region. For example, the first refractive layer BL1 can be disposed to completely shield the upper surface of the first-1 display element OLED1-1.

[0261] As described above, the first refractive layer BL1 disposed in the first region DA-2B and the second region DA-2C may include island layers, a first aperture region, and a second aperture region. For example, the first-2 island layer BL1-2 and the first-2 aperture region SL-2A may be provided in the portion of the first refractive layer BL1 corresponding to the first-2 emission region EL1-2. The first refractive layer BL1 and the first-2 island layer BL1-2 disposed around the first-2 aperture region SL-2A may have a first-2 inclined surface BL1-2A in which the first-2 aperture region SL-2A is defined. Furthermore, the first-3 island layer BL1-3 and the first-3 aperture region SL-3A may be disposed in the portion of the first refractive layer BL1 corresponding to the first-3 emission region EL1-3. The first-3A aperture region SL-3AA may be defined on the outer side of the first-3 island layer BL1-3, and the first-3B aperture region SL-3AB may be disposed on the inner side of the first-3 island layer BL1-3. In this case, the first refractive layer BL1 and the first island layer BL1-3 arranged around the first-3 hole region SL-3A can have a first-3 inclined surface BL1-3A.

[0262] In this case, the first-2 tilt angle θ1-1 of the first-2 tilted surface BL1-2A and the first-3 tilt angle θ2-1 of the first-3 tilted surface BL1-3A can be different from each other. For example, the first-2 tilt angle θ1-1 can be smaller than the first-3 tilt angle θ2-1.

[0263] In this configuration, light emitted from the first-2 display element OLED1-2 can travel in a straight line or substantially in a straight line. Due to the difference in refractive index between the first-2 tilted surface BL1-2A and the first refractive layer BL1 and the second refractive layer OL, at least some of the light emitted from the first-2 display element OLED1-2 can be altered, such that the light path has a first-2 refraction angle θ1-2. Furthermore, due to the difference in refractive index between the first-3 tilted surface BL1-3A and the first refractive layer BL1 and the second refractive layer OL, at least some of the light emitted from the first-3 display element OLED1-3 can be altered, such that the light path has a first-3 refraction angle θ2-2. Each of these refraction angles can indicate the angle between the straight-line path of light and the direction of light travel on the altered path. In this configuration, the first-2 refraction angle θ1-2 can be smaller than the first-3 refraction angle θ2-2.

[0264] When the first region DA-2B and the second region DA-2C do not include the aperture region, light emitted from the display elements arranged in the first region DA-2B and the second region DA-2C can travel in a straight line or substantially in a straight line, and due to the tilt of the reflective surface of the beam splitter, some of the light emitted from the display elements arranged in the first region DA-2B and the second region DA-2C may not be delivered to the user. However, by arranging islands and aperture regions in the first region DA-2B and the second region DA-2C as described above, the path of at least some of the light emitted from the display elements arranged in the first region DA-2B and the second region DA-2C can be altered, thereby increasing the area in which the light emitted from the display elements arranged in the first region DA-2B and the second region DA-2C can be reflected by the beam splitter. For example, by refracting light emitted from the sides of display elements arranged in the first region DA-2B and the second region DA-2C, some of the light emitted from the display elements arranged in the first region DA-2B and the second region DA-2C can be transmitted as close as possible to the area of ​​the beam splitter where light emitted from the connecting region DA-2A is reflected. Furthermore, by changing the refraction angle of at least some of the light emitted from the first region DA-2B, and allowing the refraction angle of the light emitted from the second region DA-2C to be greater than that of the light emitted from the first region DA-2B, the brightness of the light emitted from the connecting region DA-2A, the first region DA-2B, and the second region DA-2C can become nearly similar or uniform. In this case, when the image realized in the second display region DA2 is reflected from the beam splitter and viewed by the user, the user can hardly perceive any difference in brightness in the image realized in the second display region DA2.

[0265] Figure 9A and Figure 9B It is a schematic map showing the manufacturing process. Figure 8 A cross-sectional view showing the sequence of methods for displaying the panel.

[0266] refer to Figure 9A and Figure 9B The pixel circuit layer 210, display element layer 220, and encapsulation layer 300 can be arranged on the substrate 100, and then the first refractive layer BL1 can be arranged on the encapsulation layer 300. The pixel circuit layer 210, display element layer 220, and encapsulation layer 300 can be related to the above-mentioned reference. Figure 8 Those described are the same or substantially the same (or similar), and therefore, redundant descriptions of them need not be repeated below. Furthermore, Figure 9A and Figure 9B and Figure 8The same reference numerals used in the figures above indicate the same references. Figure 8 The elements or components described are the same or substantially the same.

[0267] When the first refractive layer BL1 is arranged, a first photoresist PR1 can be coated on the first refractive layer BL1, and a pattern can be formed thereon. The pattern of the first photoresist PR1 can be arranged only in the portion corresponding to the first region DA-2B, and the connecting region DA-2A and the second region DA-2C can be completely shielded. Subsequently, the first refractive layer BL1 can be etched to form hole regions and island layers in the first region DA-2B. Furthermore, at least one of the first refractive layer BL1 and the island layers corresponding to the hole regions arranged in the first region DA-2B can be formed as described above. Figure 8 The first-2 inclined surfaces BL1-2A described are the same or substantially the same (or similar) inclined surfaces. For etching, dry etching using lasers or plasma gases, or wet etching using etchants, can be employed.

[0268] Once the process described above is completed, the first photoresist PR1 can be removed, and the second photoresist PR2 can be coated, such as... Figure 9B As shown in the diagram. Subsequently, the second photoresist PR2 can be exposed and developed to form a pattern in the second region DA-2C. Furthermore, the first refractive layer BL1 disposed in the second region DA-2C can be etched according to the pattern of the second photoresist PR2. At least one of the first refractive layer BL1 corresponding to the hole region disposed in the second region DA-2C and the island layer can be formed as described above. Figure 8 The first-3 inclined surfaces BL1-3A described are the same or substantially the same (or similar) inclined surfaces. For etching, dry etching using lasers or plasma gases, or wet etching using etchants, can be employed. In this case, by changing the etchant, etching method, and / or etching process conditions in the etching method used to form the hole regions and islands in the first region DA-2B, the tilt angles of the inclined surfaces arranged in the first region DA-2B and the inclined surfaces arranged in the second region DA-2C can be different from each other. By arranging the second photoresist PR2 to completely shield the connecting regions DA-2A and the first region DA-2B, the islands and hole regions formed in the first region DA-2B can be preserved.

[0269] Once the process described above is completed, the second photoresist PR2 can be removed, and the second refractive layer OL can be deposited on the first refractive layer BL1 by inkjet printing. In this case, the second refractive layer OL can be coated on the inside of the hole region formed in the first refractive layer BL1 and on the first refractive layer BL1.

[0270] Figure 10A and Figure 10B This is a schematic diagram illustrating a plan view of the first-3 emission region EL1-3 of the first-3 display element OLED1-3 and the first refractive layer arranged in the second region DA-2C of the display panel according to some embodiments.

[0271] refer to Figure 10A The first-3 emitting region EL1-3 of the first-3 display element OLED1-3 can be arranged to overlap with the first-3 aperture region SL-3A. In a plan view, the first-3 aperture region SL-3A may include a first-3A aperture region SL-3AA in which the first-3 emitting region EL1-3 is disposed, and a first-3B aperture region SL-3AB disposed in the first-3 emitting region EL1-3. In a plan view, the first-3 island layer BL1-3 can be disposed inside the first-3 emitting region EL1-3. Furthermore, the first-3B aperture region SL-3AB can be disposed in the first-3 island layer BL1-3. Multiple first-3B aperture regions SL-3AB can be provided, and the multiple first-3B aperture regions SL-3AB can be spaced apart from each other. At least a portion of the first-3 island layer BL1-3 can be formed in a grid shape.

[0272] In this configuration, at least some of the first refractive layer BL1 and the first-3 island layers BL1-3 arranged around the first-3 aperture region SL-3A may include inclined surfaces. These inclined surfaces may have a shape similar to... Figure 8 The inclined surfaces shown are of the same or substantially the same (or similar) shape.

[0273] In some embodiments, the first refractive layer BL1 disposed on the display element disposed in the second region DA-2C can be formed as similar to Figure 10A The structure shown.

[0274] refer to Figure 10B The first-3 aperture region SL-3A can be formed in a manner similar to the above reference. Figure 10AThe first-3A aperture region SL-3AA is described. Multiple first-3 island layers BL1-3 can be provided, and these multiple first-3 island layers BL1-3 can be spaced apart from each other. The multiple first-3 island layers BL1-3 can be arranged to overlap with the first-3 emission region EL1-3. In this case, light emitted from the first-3 display element OLED1-3 can be refracted in multiple regions.

[0275] At least a portion of the first-3 aperture region SL-3A can form a lattice shape. Furthermore, at least some of the first refractive layer BL1 and the first-3 island layers BL1-3 arranged around the first-3 aperture region SL-3A can include inclined surfaces. These inclined surfaces can have a shape similar to... Figure 8 The inclined surfaces shown are of the same or substantially the same (or similar) shape.

[0276] In some embodiments, the first refractive layer BL1 disposed on the display element disposed in the second region DA-2C can be formed as similar to Figure 10B The structure shown.

[0277] exist Figure 10A and Figure 10B In the structure shown, the total planar area of ​​the aperture regions arranged in the first region DA-2B and corresponding to the display elements arranged in the first region DA-2B can be smaller than the total planar area of ​​the aperture regions corresponding to the display elements arranged in the second region DA-2C, which emits light of the same color as the display elements arranged in the first region DA-2B. The total area can indicate the sum of the planar shapes of all aperture regions corresponding to a single display element. Furthermore, the total planar area of ​​the island layers arranged in the first region DA-2B and corresponding to the display elements arranged in the first region DA-2B can be larger than the total planar area of ​​the island layers corresponding to the display elements arranged in the second region DA-2C, which emits light of the same color as the display elements arranged in the first region DA-2B. The total area can indicate the sum of the planar shapes of all island layers corresponding to a single display element. For example, the number of island layers arranged in the first region DA-2B and corresponding to display elements emitting the same color of light as each other can be less than... Figure 10A The number of first-3B aperture regions SL-3AB shown. Furthermore, the island layers arranged in the first region DA-2B and corresponding to the display elements emitting light of the same color can have a greater... Figure 10B The first-3 island layers BL1-3 shown have a large area but fewer in number. For example, the island layers arranged in the first region DA-2B can have a larger area. Figure 10B The shape shown is formed by the four adjacent outer edges of the first-3 island layer BL1-3 being connected to each other.

[0278] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional view of a portion of the display panel according to an embodiment. Figure 12 It is a schematic map showing the arrangement in Figure 11 The diagram shows a plan view of the emission area and wiring locations in the second region DA-2C of the display panel. Figure 11 In the diagram, lines A-A', B-B', and C-C' represent cross-sections of the first emission region (e.g., first-1 emission region EL1-1), the second emission region (e.g., first-2 emission region EL1-2), and the third emission region (e.g., first-3 emission region EL1-3), similar to the reference above. Figure 8 Those described.

[0279] refer to Figure 11 and Figure 12 The display panel 10 may include a substrate 100, a display layer 200, an encapsulation layer 300, a first refractive layer BL1, and a second refractive layer OL.

[0280] Display layer 200 can be disposed on substrate 100. Display layer 200 may include pixel circuit layer 210 and display element layer 220. Pixel circuit layer 210 may include buffer layer 211, first gate insulating layer 213, second gate insulating layer 215, interlayer insulating layer 217, organic insulating layer 219, and pixel circuit PC. Pixel circuit PC may include thin film transistor (TFT) and storage capacitor Cst. Thin film transistor (TFT) may include semiconductor layer Act, gate electrode GE, source electrode SE, and drain electrode DE. Display element layer 220 may be disposed on pixel circuit layer 210. Display element layer 220 may be disposed on organic insulating layer 219. Display element layer 220 may include multiple organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which are multiple display elements. In an embodiment, display element layer 220 may further include dam layer 225. Substrate 100, display layer 200, encapsulation layer 300, first refractive layer BL1 and second refractive layer OL can be referenced above. Figure 8 Those that are the same or substantially the same (or similar) as those described, and therefore, redundant descriptions of them need not be repeated, and can be described in more detail below. Figure 8 Those differences.

[0281] The display panel 10 may further include an additional organic insulating layer 218 between the interlayer insulating layer 217 and the organic insulating layer 219. The additional organic insulating layer 218 may include a material that is the same as or substantially the same as (or similar to) the material of the organic insulating layer 219. Furthermore, the pixel electrode 221 may be connected to the drain electrode DE via a separate connection electrode.

[0282] The display panel 10 may include wiring DUs in a layer in which connection electrodes are disposed. The wiring DUs may be disposed between the organic insulating layer 219 and an additional organic insulating layer 218. In another embodiment, as in... Figure 8 In the structure shown, the wiring DU can be arranged between the organic insulating layer 219 and the interlayer insulating layer 217.

[0283] A wiring DU can include a variety of appropriate wiring. For example, a wiring DU can be wiring that transmits voltage or various signals (such as data lines, scan lines, common voltage lines, drive voltage lines, or initialization voltage lines) when the display elements are operated.

[0284] The wiring DU can be provided as multiple lines, and at least some of the multiple wiring DUs can be arranged to overlap with the pixel electrodes of the display element.

[0285] refer to Figure 11 and Figure 12 The second width L3-3 of the plurality of wirings DU overlapping with the pixel electrode 221 of the first-1 display element OLED1-1 can be equal to or substantially equal to each other. On the other hand, the width of at least a portion of one of the plurality of wirings DU overlapping with the pixel electrode of the first-2 display element OLED1-2 can be different from the width of at least a portion of another of the plurality of wirings DU overlapping with the pixel electrode of the first-2 display element OLED1-2. Furthermore, the width of at least a portion of one of the plurality of wirings DU overlapping with the pixel electrode of the first-3 display element OLED1-3 can be different from the width of at least a portion of another of the plurality of wirings DU overlapping with the pixel electrode of the first-3 display element OLED1-3. In this case, the plurality of wirings DU overlapping with the first-2 display element OLED1-2 and the plurality of wirings DU overlapping with the first-3 display element OLED1-3 can have similar trends to each other. Accordingly, for ease of explanation, the plurality of wirings DU overlapping with the first-3 display element OLED1-3 can be described in more detail below.

[0286] refer to Figure 11 and Figure 12Some of the multiple wiring DUs can be arranged to pass through (e.g., extend across) the first-3 emission region EL1-3. The second width L3-3 of the multiple wiring DUs passing through the first-3 emission region EL1-3 can be the same or substantially the same as each other. Furthermore, at least one of the multiple wiring DUs passing through the first-3 emission region EL1-3 of the first-3 display element OLED1-3 may include a first protrusion DU-1 projecting towards the first-3 emission region EL1-3. The widths L3-1 and L3-2 of the portions of the wiring DU where the first protrusion DU-1 is formed can be greater than the second width L3-3 of the other portion of the wiring DU. For example, as... Figure 12 As shown in the figure, the first width L3-1 of the portion of the wiring DU in which the first protrusion DU-1 is formed can be greater than the second width L3-3 of the portion of the wiring DU in which the first protrusion DU-1 is not formed.

[0287] When at least two of the multiple wirings DU passing through the first-3 emission area EL1-3 have a first protrusion DU-1, the widths of the first protrusions DU1 may be equal or substantially equal to each other, or may be different from each other. For example, as Figure 12 As shown in the diagram, the third width L3-2 of the first protrusion DU-1 of the wiring DU located at the center can be smaller than the first width L3-1 of the first protrusion DU of the wiring DU located on the right side. In this case, Figure 12 It can be placed on a layer on the wiring DU (e.g., Figure 11 The upper surface of the organic insulating layer 219) forms a slope facing left. For example, the slope can be formed with its right side higher and its left side lower, such as... Figure 12 As shown in the example. Figure 12 The right side can be relatively closer Figure 3A The user UR shown in the figure, and Figure 12 The left side can be relatively closer to the first region DA-2B. The structure described above can also be applied to display elements arranged in the first region DA-2B. In this case, the protrusion of the wiring DU arranged in the first region DA-2B can be formed to be the same as or substantially the same as the first protrusion DU-1 arranged in the second region DA-2C, or it can be formed to have a width smaller than the width of the first protrusion DU-1 arranged in the second region DA-2C. In the structure described above, the upper surface of at least a portion of the layer arranged on the wiring DU can be formed to be inclined, or the layer arranged on the wiring DU can be formed to be inclined in one direction. The direction of inclination can be the same as or substantially the same as (or similar to) the direction described above. For ease of explanation, the case in which the slope is arranged only in a portion of the layer arranged on the wiring DU is described in more detail below.

[0288] As described above, by forming at least a portion of the pixel electrode 221 tilted by a protrusion (such as a first protrusion DU-1), and by tilting at least a portion of the intermediate layer 222 and the common electrode 223 sequentially stacked on the pixel electrode 221, light emitted from the first-3 display element OLED1-3 can be transmitted relative to the upper surface of the substrate 100 at a desired angle (e.g., a specific or predetermined angle).

[0289] In this case, in some embodiments, when the wiring DU arranged in the first region DA-2B does not include the protrusion, the first refractive layer BL1 arranged in the first region DA-2B can be arranged on the entire surface of the first region DA-2B, similar to the first refractive layer BL1 arranged in the connection region DA-2A.

[0290] As described above, the wiring DU may not include protrusions. For example, the width of one wiring passing through the display element may differ from the width of another wiring passing through the display element. In this case, the width of each wiring may decrease as the distance from the connection area DA-2A decreases, and may increase as the distance from the connection area DA-2A increases.

[0291] As described above, the ramps arranged in the display element can be formed in the pixel electrodes of the display element arranged in the first region DA-2B and the second region DA-2C. For example, the pixel electrodes of the display element arranged in the first region DA-2B can have a slightly flat shape by not overlapping with the wiring DU or by making the wiring DU without protrusions. On the other hand, the pixel electrodes of the display element arranged in the second region DA-2C can have ramps by overlapping with the wiring DU and by making the wiring DU have protrusions. In another embodiment, both the pixel electrodes of the display element arranged in the first region DA-2B and the pixel electrodes of the display element arranged in the second region DA-2C can have ramps. For example, as Figure 11 As shown, the pixel electrodes of the first-2 display element OLED1-2 arranged in the first region DA-2B and the pixel electrodes of the first-3 display element OLED1-3 arranged in the second region DA-2C can both have slopes. In this case, the slope of the pixel electrode of the first-2 display element OLED1-2 can be gentler than the slope of the pixel electrode of the first-3 display element OLED1-3. This relationship can be applied to all display elements arranged in the first region DA-2B and the second region DA-2C respectively and emitting light of the same color as each other. In this way, island layers and aperture regions can be obtained.

[0292] Figure 13This is a schematic map showing a portion of the display panel according to an embodiment.

[0293] refer to Figure 13 The multiple wiring DUs arranged in the second region may include protrusions. In this case, the wiring DUs that pass through the emission area of ​​the same display element can be arranged symmetrically or substantially symmetrically with respect to the center of the emission area.

[0294] One of the wiring DUs passing through the first-3 emitting region EL1-3 of the first-3 display element OLED1-3 may include a first protrusion DU-1. In this case, the first protrusion DU-1 may protrude to the right of the wiring DU, such that at least a portion of the right side portion of the pixel electrode corresponding to the first-3 emitting region EL1-3 can be arranged at a higher position than the left side portion. In an embodiment, the first protrusion DU-1 may protrude in a direction different from the longitudinal direction of one of the wiring DUs.

[0295] One of the wiring DUs passing through the second-3 emitting region EL2-3 of the second-3 display element OLED2-3 may include a second protrusion DU-2. The second protrusion DU-2 may protrude to the left of the wiring DU. The second protrusion DU-2 may be formed in a "T" shape and may be connected to the wiring DU. In this case, the second protrusion DU-2 may be provided such that at least a portion of the pixel electrode corresponding to the second-3 light-emitting region EL2-3 that overlaps with the second protrusion DU-2 may be higher than the portion of the pixel electrode that does not overlap with the second protrusion DU-2. In some embodiments, the second protrusion DU-2 may connect two adjacent wiring DUs to each other.

[0296] One of the wiring DUs passing through the third emission region EL3-3 of the third-3 display element OLED3-3 may include a third protrusion DU-3. In this case, the third protrusion DU-3 may protrude to the right of the wiring DU, such that at least a portion of the right side of the pixel electrode corresponding to the third emission region EL3-3 may be higher than the left side.

[0297] With the structure described above, the pixel electrodes, intermediate layer and common electrode of the display element arranged in the second region DA-2C can be arranged in the inclined portion, so that the display element can emit light in such a way that at least some of these lights form a desired angle (e.g., a specific or predetermined angle) relative to a surface of the substrate 100.

[0298] The structure described above can be applied in the same or substantially the same (or similar) way to the display element arranged in the first region DA-2B.

[0299] Figure 14 It is along Figure 13 The cross-sectional view taken by line D-D'.

[0300] refer to Figure 14 The display panel 10 may include a substrate 100, a display layer 200, an encapsulation layer 300, and as ... an encapsulation layer 300. Figure 5A and Figure 5B The first layer 400a of the functional layer 400 shown includes the input detection layer 400A, the first refractive layer BL1, and the second refractive layer OL.

[0301] Display layer 200 can be disposed on substrate 100. Display layer 200 may include pixel circuit layer 210 and display element layer 220. Pixel circuit layer 210 may include buffer layer 211, first gate insulating layer 213, second gate insulating layer 215, interlayer insulating layer 217, organic insulating layer 219, and pixel circuit PC. Pixel circuit PC may include thin film transistor (TFT) and storage capacitor Cst. Thin film transistor (TFT) may include semiconductor layer Act, gate electrode GE, source electrode SE, and drain electrode DE. Display element layer 220 may be disposed on pixel circuit layer 210. Display element layer 220 may be disposed on organic insulating layer 219. Display element layer 220 may include multiple organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which are multiple display elements. In an embodiment, display element layer 220 may further include dam layer 225. Substrate 100, display layer 200, encapsulation layer 300, first refractive layer BL1 and second refractive layer OL can be referenced above. Figure 8 Those things described are the same or substantially the same (or similar), and therefore, redundant descriptions of them need not be repeated below, but rather described in more detail below with reference to the above. Figure 8 The different parts described in the text.

[0302] The input detection layer 400A can be disposed on the encapsulation layer 300. The input detection layer 400A may include touch electrodes disposed in the display area DA and at least one touch insulating layer. For example, Figure 14 The input detection layer 400A is shown to include a first touch insulating layer 410 on a second inorganic encapsulation layer 330, a first wire 420 on the first touch insulating layer 410, a second touch insulating layer 430 on the first wire 420, a second wire 440 on the second touch insulating layer 430, and a third touch insulating layer 450 on the second wire 440.

[0303] Each of the first touch insulating layer 410, the second touch insulating layer 430, and the third touch insulating layer 450 may comprise an inorganic insulating material and / or an organic insulating material. In an embodiment, the first touch insulating layer 410 and the second touch insulating layer 430 may comprise inorganic insulating materials such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and / or silicon oxynitride, and the third touch insulating layer 450 may comprise an organic insulating material.

[0304] The touch electrode of the input detection layer 400A may include a structure in which a first wire 420 and a second wire 440 are connected to each other. In some embodiments, the touch electrode may include either the first wire 420 or the second wire 440, in which case the second wire 440 may be omitted as needed or desired.

[0305] Each of the first conductor 420 and the second conductor 440 may include Al, Cu, and / or Ti, and may include one or more layers of materials comprising one or more of the materials described above. For example, each of the first conductor 420 and the second conductor 440 may have a three-layer structure of Ti layer / Al layer / Ti layer.

[0306] The first refractive layer BL1 and the second refractive layer OL can be arranged on the input detection layer 400A. The first refractive layer BL1 can be similar to the above reference in the connection region DA-2A, the first region DA-2B, and the second region DA-2C. Figures 7A to 9B The described area was arranged.

[0307] The display panel 10 may further include an additional organic insulating layer 218 and wiring DU. The wiring DU may be formed in accordance with the above reference. Figures 11 to 13 The described wiring is the same or substantially the same (or similar). The wiring DU may have protrusions such that at least a portion of at least one of the pixel electrodes disposed in the first region DA-2B and / or the second region DA-2C may be inclined. In an embodiment, the ramp of at least a portion of the pixel electrode may rise from the first region DA-2B toward the second region DA-2C.

[0308] The structure described above for display panel 10 can vary the range of light emitted from each region of the bent second display region for each area. Electronic device 1 may include display panel 10 such that the range of light reflected from the beam splitter is varied for each region of the second display region, thereby providing the user with an image of uniform or substantially uniform brightness.

[0309] In a display panel and electronic device according to one or more embodiments, the brightness of the entire image can be enhanced when the image is reflected.

[0310] Furthermore, in the display panel and electronic device according to one or more embodiments, the brightness between the reflected image and the transmitted image can be uniform or substantially uniform.

[0311] In the vehicle according to the embodiment, a clear image can be provided from the inside or the outside.

[0312] The foregoing is an illustrative description of some embodiments of this disclosure and should not be construed as limiting it. Although some embodiments have been described, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications can be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. It should be understood that, unless otherwise described, the description of features or aspects within each embodiment should generally be considered as applicable to other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. Therefore, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, features, characteristics, and / or elements described in connection with a particular embodiment may be used alone or in combination with features, characteristics, and / or elements described in connection with other embodiments, unless otherwise specifically indicated. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing is an illustrative description of various exemplary embodiments and should not be construed as limiting to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and various modifications to the disclosed embodiments and other exemplary embodiments are intended to be included within the spirit and scope of this disclosure as defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A display panel, comprising: The substrate includes a first display area and a second display area connected to the first display area, wherein the first display area and the second display area are at an angle. Multiple display elements are spaced apart from each other in the first display area and the second display area; An encapsulation layer is provided on the plurality of display elements; A first refractive layer is provided in the first display area and the second display area, and on the encapsulation layer; as well as A second refractive layer is formed on top of the first refractive layer and has a refractive index different from that of the first refractive layer. The second display area includes a first area and a second area adjacent to the first area. The first refractive layer in the first region includes a first inclined surface, and the first refractive layer in the second region includes a second inclined surface. The first tilt angle of the first tilted surface is smaller than the second tilt angle of the second tilted surface.

2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the first refractive layer in the first region and the first refractive layer in the second region includes a hole region.

3. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein, The aperture region includes: A first aperture region, located in the first refractive layer, and corresponding to one of the plurality of display elements in the first region; and The second aperture region is located in the first refractive layer and corresponds to one of the plurality of display elements in the second region.

4. The display panel according to claim 3, wherein, The total area of ​​the planar shape of the first hole region is smaller than the total area of ​​the planar shape of the second hole region.

5. The display panel according to claim 3, wherein, The outermost edge of the first hole region is outside the edge of the emission region of the display element corresponding to the first hole region.

6. The display panel according to claim 3, wherein, The outermost edge of the second hole region is outside the edge of the emission region of the display element corresponding to the second hole region.

7. The display panel according to claim 3, wherein, The second hole region includes: The second-1 hole area; and The second-2 hole region is located inside the first refractive layer disposed inside the second-1 hole region.

8. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein, The planar shape of the hole region includes an island shape or a grid shape.

9. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the first refractive layer having the first inclined surface and the first refractive layer having the second inclined surface includes an island shape.

10. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The first region is the area from a point 20% of the total length of the second display area separated from the boundary between the first display area and the second display area to a point 55% of the total length of the second display area separated from the boundary between the first display area and the second display area.

11. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The second region is the area from a point 55% of the total length of the second display area, which is separated from the boundary between the first display area and the second display area, to the end of the edge of the second display area.

12. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The refractive index of the first refractive layer is in the range of 1.4 to 1.

55.

13. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The refractive index of the second refractive layer is in the range of 1.65 to 1.

85.

14. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising: An input detection layer is located between the encapsulation layer and the first refractive layer.

15. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising: Multiple wirings are provided between the substrate and the display elements among the plurality of display elements. At least one of the plurality of wirings is located on the substrate, and at least a portion of the pixel electrode of the display element is tilted.

16. The display panel according to claim 15, wherein, The slope of at least a portion of the pixel electrode rises from the first region toward the second region.

17. The display panel according to claim 15, wherein, One of the plurality of wirings overlapping the pixel electrode includes a protrusion that protrudes in a direction different from the longitudinal direction of the one of the plurality of wirings.

18. An electronic device comprising: The display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 17 is bendable; as well as A beam splitter is located on the display panel and is configured as follows: A first image is transmitted through a portion of the display panel; and A second image is reflected in another part of the display panel.

19. A vehicle comprising: Body; as well as An electronic device, located inside the vehicle body, includes a display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

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