Method for storing one or more bio-oils

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for storing one or more bio-oils and a storage unit for storing one or more bio-oils. The invention further relates to the use of one or more stored bio-oils obtained by said process as feedstock for a cracker.

Description

[0001] This invention relates to a method for storing one or more bio-oils and a storage unit for storing one or more bio-oils. The invention further relates to the use of one or more stored bio-oils obtained by said method as feedstock for a pyrolyzer.

[0002] Bio-oils derived from different types of biomass tend to be corrosive to steel containers (such as devices used for storing, transporting, guiding, and processing bio-oils), especially those made of carbon steel and low-alloy steel. The undesirable corrosivity of bio-oils is due to several factors. Compared to oils derived from fossil sources (such as crude oil), bio-oils contain higher levels of potentially corrosive components such as water, one or more halogens, sulfur, and organic acids. Additionally, the total acid number (TAN) of bio-oils is higher than that of oils derived from fossil sources (such as crude oil). These compositional differences lead to increased corrosion of steel container systems (such as containers, pipes, reactors, and heat exchangers), especially those made of carbon steel and low-alloy steel, during the storage, transport, and processing of bio-oils. Such corrosion is detrimental to these sealing units and to the bio-oil itself.

[0003] Therefore, there is a ongoing need to provide improved methods for processing bio-oils and, in particular, for storing them.

[0004] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for storing one or more bio-oils that prevents corrosion in tanks and pipelines and is cost-effective. It has been unexpectedly found that, according to the method of the present invention, less corrosion occurs. This is possible because the bio-oils are stored through recycling, and the tanks have sloping bottom surfaces.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention relates to a method for storing one or more bio-oils, the method comprising:

[0006] (i) Provide one or more bio-oils O bio ;

[0007] (ii) will be based on the one or more bio-oils O provided in (i). bio At least a portion of P1 (P1 contains one or more bio-oils) is delivered to a storage tank S(T) included in a storage unit S for a duration of Δt1, the storage unit S further including a pump S(P);

[0008] (iii) Store P1 in the tank S(T) of S for a duration of Δt2;

[0009] During the time period Δt2, (iii) further includes

[0010] A portion of P2 from P1 is removed from the storage tank S(T) and a portion of P3 from P2 is reintroduced into the storage tank S(T) (P2 and P3 contain one or more bio-oils), wherein the removal of P2 and the reintroduction of P3 is carried out by the pump S(P) for a duration of Δt3, wherein Δt2 ≥ Δt3;

[0011] The storage tank S(T) includes a top portion T1, a middle portion T2, and a bottom portion T3, wherein T1 is adjacent to T2 and T2 is adjacent to T3, and in T3, the bottom of S(T) is an inclined surface.

[0012] Furthermore, during Δt2, the method optionally includes...

[0013] The corrosion status of the tank S(T) is periodically determined by visual testing and / or measurement, for example, the average linear corrosion rate vl (mm / year) determined in Example 1.

[0014] In the context of this invention, it has been found that the sloping bottom surface of the tank in the storage unit S and the recirculation of bio-oil via a pump in the storage unit allow corrosion of the tank walls to be avoided.

[0015] According to (i) one or more bio-oils O bio Bio-oils are obtained or acquired from biomass through mechanical and physical manipulation and chemical processes. Bio-oils are mixtures of liquid compounds that primarily consist of highly oxidized compounds (e.g., glycerides, esters, carboxylic acids, phenols, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, furans, and sugars) and water, with their exact composition depending on the biomass feedstock and the processing steps applied. The term bio-oil specifically includes vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, corn oil, castor oil, jatropha oil, palm oil, and macauda palm (kernel or pulp) oil, and their processing residues (such as palm fatty acid distillates), waste cooking oils, tall oils, animal fats, and oils obtained through the thermochemical conversion of biomass (e.g., biomass-derived pyrolysis oils or hydrothermal liquefaction oils), as well as mixtures thereof. Vegetable oils are primarily composed of glycerides, particularly triglycerides (esters formed from glycerol and fatty acids).

[0016] The term biomass includes any material of plant or animal origin, such as plants or parts thereof like crops, wood or their residues, marine organisms like algae, and biological waste such as organic food waste, such as meat processing waste, fish processing waste, or waste cooking oil.

[0017] The mechanical and physical operations may include harvesting and collecting, as well as crushing, cracking, cutting, shredding, grinding, chipping, milling, extrusion, irradiation, compression, pressing, filtering, sieving, adsorption, and heat treatment (such as drying and roasting).

[0018] The chemical processes may include extraction, distillation, thermochemical transformations such as pyrolysis or hydrothermal liquefaction, hydrolysis, saponification, neutralization, ketation, and hydrogenation.

[0019] In the context of this invention, the one or more bio-oils to be stored can have any water content. Preferably, the one or more bio-oils O provided according to (i) bio It has a water content of up to 50% by weight (e.g., 15 to 50% by weight) or up to 40% by weight (e.g., 15 to 40% by weight), preferably up to 30% by weight (e.g., 15 to 30% by weight), more preferably up to 20% by weight (e.g., more than 10% by weight and not more than 20% by weight), more preferably up to 10% by weight, more preferably up to 5% by weight, and more preferably up to 1% by weight, as determined as described in Reference Example 1.

[0020] In the context of this invention, the one or more bio-oils to be stored can have any halogen content. However, it is preferred that the one or more bio-oils O provided according to (i) bio It has a halogen content in the range of 10 to 20,000 wppm (ppm by weight), more preferably 50 to 5,000 wppm, and even more preferably 50 to 2,000 wppm, as determined in Reference Example 2.

[0021] In the context of this invention, the one or more bio-oils to be stored can have any sulfur content. However, it is preferred that the one or more bio-oils O provided according to (i) bio It has a sulfur content of not more than 5,000 wppm (ppm by weight), preferably not more than 3,000 wppm, and more preferably not more than 800 wppm, as determined as described in Reference Example 3.

[0022] In the context of this invention, the one or more bio-oils to be stored can have any TAN value. However, it is preferred that the one or more bio-oils O provided according to (i) bio Having the bio-oil content measured as described in Reference Example 4, ranging from 0 to 200 mg (KOH) / g (oil) (e.g., 50 to 200 mg (KOH) / g (oil) or 100 to 200 mg (KOH) / g (oil)).

[0023] 0 to 150 mg (KOH) / g (oil) (e.g., 50 to 150 mg (KOH) / g (oil) or 100 to 150 mg (KOH) / g (oil)),

[0024] The TAN value is preferably 0 to 100 mg (KOH) / g (oil) (e.g., 50 to 100 mg (KOH) / g (oil) or 70 to 100 mg (KOH) / g (oil)), preferably 0 to 70 mg (KOH) / g (oil) (e.g., more than 25 mg (KOH) / g (oil) and not more than 70 mg (KOH) / g (oil)), preferably in the range of 0 to 25 mg (KOH) / g (oil), more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 15 mg (KOH) / g (oil), and most preferably in the range of 1 to 10 mg (KOH) / g (oil).

[0025] Preferably, (i) includes

[0026] (i.1) Preparation of one or more bio-oils O bio ;

[0027] (i.2) The O prepared according to (i.1) bio Introduce one or more trucks and / or tankers, and transport the O from the one or more trucks and / or tankers. bio Transported to a storage location, which includes storage unit S.

[0028] Preferably, (i.1) this includes the pyrolysis or hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass (more preferably plants or parts thereof such as crops, wood or their residues, marine organisms such as algae, and biological waste such as organic food waste, such as meat processing waste, fish processing waste or waste cooking oil).

[0029] Optionally, prior to (ii), the method further includes

[0030] Based on (i) one or more bio-oils O bio The mixture is combined with an additive to obtain one or more bio-oils containing the additive; said additive is one or more amphiphilic compounds. The one or more amphiphilic compounds contain at least one compound selected from C6 to C6. 26 The additive comprises a nonpolar alkyl and / or alkylene residue and at least one polar residue containing at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N and O. Preferably, the additive comprises one or more of the following:

[0031] - C6-C 26 Fatty acids, which are saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated;

[0032] - Dimer fatty acids;

[0033] - At least one olefinically unsaturated, polymerizable polycarboxylic anhydride

[0034] A copolymer with at least one polymerizable olefin;

[0035] - Alkenyl succinic acid and alkenyl succinic anhydride, wherein the alkenyl residue is selected from C6-C atoms having one or more C=C bonds. 26 alkenyl;

[0036] - Coupled to saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated C6-C bonds of N-heterocyclic compounds via C-C bonds. 26 fatty acid;

[0037] - Nitrogen compounds quaternized with polycarboxylic acids by combining free hydrocarbon groups with hydrocarbon epoxides.

[0038] Suitable saturation C6 to C 26 Fatty acids include caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, arachidic acid, benzyl acid, ceramide, and ceramide.

[0039] Suitable mono- and poly-unsaturated C6 to C 26 Fatty acids include myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, sapienic acid, oleic acid, transoleic acid, isoleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, erucic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid.

[0040] Suitable dimer fatty acids include dimer oleic acid (CAS No. 61788-89-4), which can be obtained, for example, by dimerizing unsaturated fatty acids obtained from tall oil, oleic acid, rapeseed oil or cottonseed oil over a clay catalyst.

[0041] Suitable copolymers of at least one olefinically unsaturated, polymerizable polycarboxylic anhydride with at least one polymerizable olefin comprise C4 to C6 dicarboxylic anhydrides, particularly maleic anhydride, and at least one α-olefin, particularly C6 dicarboxylic anhydride. 20 To C 26 α-Olefins. The synthesis of such copolymers is disclosed in WO 2015 / 113681 A1, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0042] Suitable alkenyl succinic acid and alkenyl succinic anhydride (wherein the alkenyl residue is selected from C6 to C6) 26 The alkenyl group, where the C=C bond can be terminal (α-position) and / or internal (β-position, γ-position, etc.), includes 2-octenylsuccinic acid, 2-dodecenylsuccinic acid, 7-dodecenylsuccinic acid, 8-eicosenoylsuccinic acid, 2-octenylsuccinic anhydride, 2-dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, 7-dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, and 8-eicosenoylsuccinic anhydride. The synthesis of such alkenylsuccinic acids is disclosed in WO 82 / 00467A1, and the synthesis of alkenylsuccinic anhydrides is disclosed in US 2008 / 0108836 A1, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0043] Saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated C6 to C 26 Suitable adducts of fatty acids coupled to N-heterocyclic compounds via C-C bonds include 2-(2-heptadec-8-enyl-2-imidazolin-1-yl)ethanol (CAS No. 95-38-5), which can be obtained by heating oleic acid with 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol to 270°C for five hours and removing the water formed by azeotropic distillation with xylene.

[0044] Suitable nitrogen compounds quaternized with free hydrocarbon-substituted polycarboxylic acids by combining hydrocarbon epoxides include C4 ... 16 Alkyl-N(CH3)2. Other suitable nitrogen compounds quaternized with free hydrocarbon groups by alkyl epoxides and synthetic methods for obtaining such quaternized compounds are disclosed in WO 2014 / 195464 A1 and WO 2015 / 113681 A1, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0045] Preferably, the concentration of one or more additives in the bio-oil is in the range of 5 to 500 wppm (ppm by weight), more preferably 10 to 250 wppm, and even more preferably 20 to 150 wppm.

[0046] Preferably, the mixing of one or more bio-oils with the additive is carried out by forced stirring (e.g., by agitation) or any other suitable means to obtain a homogeneous contribution of the additive (i.e., catalyst poisoning inhibitor) in one or more bio-oils. Alternatively, mixing is carried out without forced stirring.

[0047] In the context of this invention, it should be noted that the term "additive" preferably refers to "corrosion inhibitor" or "catalyst poisoning inhibitor".

[0048] Preferably, in one or more trucks and / or tankers in (i.2), O bio The liquid phase is at a temperature in the range of -10°C to 100°C, more preferably in the range of -10°C to 60°C.

[0049] Preferably, Δt1 is in the range of 0.5 to 150 h, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 50 h, more preferably in the range of 1 to 20 h, and even more preferably in the range of 1 to 5 h.

[0050] Preferably, (ii) the filling rate is in the range of 0.5 to 120 m³ / h, more preferably in the range of 1 to 100 m³ / h, and even more preferably in the range of 2 to 90 m³ / h.

[0051] In the context of this invention, a mass flow controller is preferably used to measure the filling rate. Mass flow controllers, as known in the art, are capable of measuring the filling rate, fluid density, and detecting density differences of the liquid entering the tank. For example, the presence of an aqueous phase in oil can be detected by such a mass flow controller. When oil with a high water content passes through the controller, it causes a sudden increase in liquid density.

[0052] Preferably, (ii) it is carried out via one or more pipes. Preferably, the one or more pipes are made of one or more of carbon steel (such as ASTM 1045 (EN 1.1191), 1.0425, 1.0037 and 1.0345) and stainless steel (more preferably Cr-Ni steel (such as 1.4541, 1.4301, 1.4306 and 1.4307) and Cr-Ni-Mo stainless steel (such as 1.4571, 1.4401 and 1.4404)).

[0053] Preferably, the storage tank S(T) is ventilated with a gaseous atmosphere, more preferably the gaseous atmosphere is an inert gas, and more preferably nitrogen.

[0054] Preferably, in T1, the storage tank S(T) includes an inlet device for introducing N2, which is located in the top portion T1 between the top and bottom of the top portion of S(T).

[0055] Preferably, in T1, the storage tank S(T) includes an outlet device for removing O2 from the storage tank, the outlet device being located at the top of S(T) in the top portion T1.

[0056] Preferably, in T2, the storage tank S(T) includes a method for transferring O bio The P1 is delivered to the inlet device in the tank, which is located at a height H(i) in T2, which is in the range of 30% to 70%, more preferably 40% to 60%, more preferably 45% to 55% of H(T2), where H(T2) is the maximum axial distance between the bottom of the top portion T1 and the top of the bottom portion T3, and H(i) is the axial distance between the bottom of T2 and the inlet device for delivering P1.

[0057] Preferably, according to (iii), the removal of a portion P2 of P1 from the storage tank S(T) is carried out using a pump S(P) at an outlet device for removing P2, said outlet device being located at the bottom of the inclined surface in T3. This is achieved by... Figure 1 exhibit.

[0058] In the context of this invention, it has been found that the sloping bottom surface of the tank in the storage unit S and the recirculation of bio-oil from the bottom of the sloping surface via a pump in the storage unit allow corrosion of the tank walls to be avoided.

[0059] Preferably, the removal of a portion of P2 from the storage tank S(T) according to (iii) is carried out periodically or continuously, more preferably continuously.

[0060] Alternatively, regarding the removal of P2, it is preferred that a portion of P2 from the storage tank S(T) is removed using a pump S(P) at an outlet device for removing P2, the outlet device being located at a height H(o) in T2, which is in the range of 0.4 to 1.25 m, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1 m, where H(o) is the axial distance between the bottom of S(T) and the outlet device for removing P2. This is achieved through... Figure 2 exhibit.

[0061] Preferably, according to the alternative, the removal of a portion of P2 from the storage tank S(T) according to (iii) is carried out periodically or continuously, more preferably continuously.

[0062] Preferably, according to the alternative, during the time period Δt2, (iii) further includes

[0063] A portion of P1, P4, containing water, is removed from S(T), wherein the removal is performed at the bottom of the inclined surface in the bottom portion T3.

[0064] The removal of P4 from S(T) is carried out periodically or on a regular basis.

[0065] More preferably, when the removal of P4 is carried out on time, (iii) further includes

[0066] Determine the maximum acceptable water content (W) in P1. max The water content in P1 during the period Δt2 is measured by one or more of the mass flow controller that measures the liquid density and the water sensor, and when W is reached... max The time triggers the removal (purging) of P4 from S(T). Mass flow controllers known in the art are capable of measuring liquid density and detecting density differences in liquids entering the tank. For example, the presence of an aqueous phase in oil can be detected by such a mass flow controller. When oil with a high water content passes through the controller, it causes a sudden increase in liquid density, for example, from about 0.9 to 1.0 kg / L.

[0067] In the context of this invention, it has been found that the removal of water from the sloping bottom surface of the tank and at the bottom of the sloping surface of the tank, along with the recirculation of these oils in the tank, allows for the avoidance of corrosion of the tank walls.

[0068] Preferably, the water content in a portion of P4 of P1 is at least 30% by weight based on the weight of P4, preferably in the range of 35 to 100% by weight, more preferably in the range of 45 to 100% by weight, more preferably in the range of 48 to 100% by weight, and even more preferably in the range of 50 to 95% by weight.

[0069] In the context of this invention, preferably, the introduction of P3 of P2 into the storage tank S(T) is carried out by a pump S(P) at an inlet device for introducing P3, which is more preferably located between the top of S(T) and the bottom of the top portion T1 in the top portion T1 of S(T).

[0070] Preferably, in T3 of S(T), the inclined surface is a surface inclined at an angle in the range of 0.5° to 20°, more preferably in the range of 0.75° to 10°, more preferably in the range of 0.80° to 5°, more preferably in the range of 0.85° to 2°, and more preferably in the range of 0.90° to 1.5°.

[0071] Preferably, the maximum ramp height is in the range of 0.364 × tank diameter (m) to 0.01 × tank diameter (m), more preferably in the range of 0.017 × tank diameter (m) to 0.035 × tank diameter (m).

[0072] Preferably, in S(T), the highest temperature T of the liquid phase of P1 in °C is... max (P1) is 80°C, more preferably 60°C, more preferably 40°C; wherein in S(T), the lowest temperature T of the liquid phase of P1 in °C is... min (P1) is -10°C, more preferably 0°C, more preferably 5°C.

[0073] Preferably, the temperature T(P1) in S(T) is not constant during Δt2. More preferably, T(P1) varies from 5°C to 40°C, more preferably from 10°C to 35°C, during Δt2 (storage duration). Alternatively, preferably, T(P1) is constant, and more preferably in the range of 5°C to 40°C, more preferably in the range of 10°C to 35°C.

[0074] Preferably, in S(T), an overpressure is applied, which is in the range of 100 to 1 millibar, more preferably in the range of 50 to 5 millibar, and even more preferably in the range of 20 to 10 millibar.

[0075] Preferably, the storage tank S(T) is made of one or more of carbon steel and stainless steel.

[0076] Preferably, the storage tank S(T) is made of carbon steel (such as ASTM 1045 (EN 1.1191), 1.0425, 1.0037 and 1.0345).

[0077] Alternatively, preferably, the storage tank S(T) is made of stainless steel, more preferably of one or more of Cr-Ni steel (such as 1.4541, 1.4301, 1.4306 and 1.4307) and Cr-Ni-Mo stainless steel (such as 1.4571, 1.4401 and 1.4404).

[0078] Preferably, the volume of the storage tank S(T) is between 100 and 10,000 m³. 3 Within the range, more preferably within 150 to 5000 m 3 More preferably, the volume of the storage tank S(T) is in the range of 150 to 500 m³. Alternatively, preferably, the volume of the storage tank S(T) is in the range of 1500 to 5000 m³.

[0079] Preferably, the storage unit S further includes one or more storage tanks and one or more pumps, which are more preferably as defined above.

[0080] Preferably, storing P1 in S(T) according to (iii) is done in the dark.

[0081] Preferably, Δt2 is in the range of 1 day to 180 days, more preferably in the range of 4 to 60 days.

[0082] Preferably, Δt3 is in the range of 50% to 100% of Δt2, and more preferably in the range of 75% to 99% of Δt2.

[0083] Preferably, during Δt2, the method further includes

[0084] The corrosion status of the tank S(T) is periodically determined by visual testing and / or measurement, for example, the average linear corrosion rate vl (mm / year) determined in Example 1.

[0085] Preferably, the method of the present invention further includes

[0086] (iv) After being stored in S(T) for a duration of Δt2, at least a portion of PP containing one or more bio-oils is removed from S(T) via the pump S(P).

[0087] The present invention further relates to the use of one or more stored bio-oils obtained according to the method of the present invention, optionally after a further refining step, preferably after a further hydrotreating step, as feedstock for a pyrolyzer, preferably a thermal pyrolyzer or a catalytic pyrolyzer.

[0088] The present invention further relates to a method for purifying one or more bio-oils, the method comprising:

[0089] (a) A method for storing one or more bio-oils according to the present invention;

[0090] (b) After being stored in S(T) for a duration of Δt2 according to (a), at least a portion of PP containing one or more bio-oils is removed from S(T) via the pump S(P);

[0091] (c) subjecting PP to a purification step, preferably a hydrogenation step, to obtain a stream SP1 containing one or more purified bio-oils.

[0092] The present invention further relates to a method for purifying one or more bio-oils, the method comprising:

[0093] (a) A method for storing one or more bio-oils according to the present invention;

[0094] (b) After being stored in S(T) for a duration of Δt2 according to (a), at least a portion of PP containing one or more bio-oils is removed from S(T) via the pump S(P);

[0095] (c) Optionally, the PP may be subjected to a refining step, preferably a hydrogenation step, to obtain stream SP1;

[0096] (d) Pass the PP obtained according to (b) and / or the SP1 obtained according to (c) through the pyrolyzer unit C to obtain a stream SP2 containing one or more purified bio-oils.

[0097] Methods for refining bio-oils are known to those skilled in the art and include, for example, hydrotreating and distillation. Preferably, refining includes a hydrotreating step, such as a hydrotreating step for achieving hydrodeoxygenation of the bio-oil.

[0098] In the context of this invention, any pyrolyzer unit known in the art can be used in step (d), such as a thermal pyrolyzer or a catalytic pyrolyzer, for example a steam pyrolyzer or a fluidized catalytic pyrolyzer.

[0099] The present invention further relates to a method for storing one or more bio-oils O bio A preferred storage unit for storage according to the method of the present invention includes:

[0100] - A storage tank S(T), wherein the storage tank S(T) includes a top portion T1, a middle portion T2 and a bottom portion T3, wherein T1 is adjacent to T2 and T2 is adjacent to T3, wherein in T3, the bottom of S(T) is an inclined surface;

[0101] - Pump S(P);

[0102] - Used to transfer O bio At least a portion of P1 is sent to the inlet device in S(T);

[0103] - An outlet device for removing a portion of P2 from S(T) of P1;

[0104] - An inlet device used to introduce a portion of P2, P3, into S(T).

[0105] In the context of this invention, it is believed that the sloping bottom surface of the tank in the storage unit and the recirculation of bio-oil via pumps in the storage unit allow for the prevention of corrosion of the tank walls.

[0106] Preferably, used to transfer O bio The inlet device for at least a portion of P1 to be fed into S(T) includes one or more pipes, which are more preferably made of carbon steel and stainless steel.

[0107] Preferably, the outlet device for removing a portion of P2 from S(T) of P1 includes one or more pipes, which are more preferably made of carbon steel and stainless steel.

[0108] Preferably, the device for introducing P3 of P2 into S(T) includes one or more pipes, which are more preferably made of carbon steel and stainless steel.

[0109] Preferably, in T1, the storage tank S(T) includes an inlet device for introducing N2, which is located in the top portion T1 between the top and bottom of the top portion of S(T).

[0110] Preferably, in T1, the storage tank S(T) includes an outlet device for removing O2 from the storage tank, the outlet device being located at the top of S(T) in the top portion T1.

[0111] Preferably, used to transfer O bio The inlet device for delivering P1 into the tank is located at a height H(i) in T2, which is in the range of 30% to 70%, more preferably 40% to 60%, and more preferably 45% to 55% of H(T2), where H(T2) is the maximum axial distance between the bottom of the top portion T1 and the top of the bottom portion T3, and H(i) is the axial distance between the bottom of T2 and the inlet device for delivering P1.

[0112] Preferably, the outlet device for removing P2 is located at the bottom of the inclined surface in T3.

[0113] Alternatively, preferably, the outlet device for removing P2 is located at a height H(o) in T2, which is in the range of 0.4 to 1.25 m, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1 m, where H(o) is the axial distance between the bottom of S(T) and the outlet device for removing P2.

[0114] Preferably, according to the alternative, the storage unit further includes means for removing P4 from S(T), the means being located at the bottom of the inclined surface in T3.

[0115] In the context of this invention, it is believed that the removal of water from the sloping bottom surface of the tank and at the bottom of said sloping surface allows for the avoidance of corrosion of the tank walls.

[0116] Preferably, the inlet device for introducing P3 is located more preferably between the top of S(T) and the bottom of the top portion T1 in the top portion T1 of S(T).

[0117] Preferably, in T3 of S(T), the inclined surface is a surface inclined at an angle in the range of 0.5° to 20°, more preferably in the range of 0.75° to 10°, more preferably in the range of 0.80° to 5°, more preferably in the range of 0.85° to 2°, and more preferably in the range of 0.90° to 1.5°.

[0118] Preferably, the maximum ramp height is in the range of 0.364 × tank diameter (m) to 0.01 × tank diameter (m), more preferably in the range of 0.017 × tank diameter (m) to 0.035 × tank diameter (m).

[0119] In the context of this invention, it is alternatively conceivable that the bottom portion of S(T) has a substantially conical shape, with the tip of the cone located at the lowest point of the can (the bottom of the can).

[0120] Preferably, the reservoir S(T) includes a device for measuring the density of the liquid entering the reservoir, and more preferably a mass flow controller. This device preferably allows for monitoring the water content in the oil based on oil density measurements.

[0121] Preferably, the reservoir S(T) includes a device for measuring the density of the liquid leaving the reservoir, and more preferably a mass flow controller. This device preferably allows for monitoring the water content in the oil based on the oil's density measurement.

[0122] Preferably, the reservoir S(T) includes a device for measuring the water content of the liquid in the reservoir, more preferably a water sensor. The water sensor (capacitance measurement in a high-frequency stray field) allows determination of the presence and content of water in the liquid.

[0123] Preferably, the storage tank S(T) is made of one or more of carbon steel and stainless steel.

[0124] Preferably, the storage tank S(T) is made of carbon steel (such as ASTM 1045 (EN 1.1191), 1.0425, 1.0037 and 1.0345).

[0125] Alternatively, preferably, the storage tank S(T) is made of stainless steel, more preferably of one or more of Cr-Ni steel (such as 1.4541, 1.4301, 1.4306 and 1.4307) and Cr-Ni-Mo stainless steel (such as 1.4571, 1.4401 and 1.4404).

[0126] Preferably, the volume of the storage tank S(T) is between 100 and 10,000 m³. 3 Within the range, more preferably within 150 to 5000 m 3 More preferably, the volume of the storage tank S(T) is in the range of 150 to 500 m³. Alternatively, preferably, the volume of the storage tank S(T) is in the range of 1500 to 5000 m³.

[0127] Preferably, the storage unit further includes one or more storage tanks and one or more pumps, which are more preferably as defined above.

[0128] Preferably, the storage unit further includes means for measuring the corrosion level in the storage tank S(T).

[0129] The invention is further illustrated by the following set of embodiments and combinations of embodiments derived from the dependent relationships and reverse references shown. In particular, it should be noted that in each instance of reference to a series of embodiments, such as in the context of the term "method as described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 3," each embodiment in this series is intended to clearly disclose to those skilled in the art that the wording of this term should be understood by those skilled in the art to be synonymous with "method as described in any one of Embodiments 1, 2, and 3." Furthermore, it should be explicitly stated that the following set of embodiments represents a suitable structural portion of the general description of preferred aspects of the invention and therefore appropriately supports, but does not represent, the claims of the invention.

[0130] 1. A method for storing one or more bio-oils, the method comprising:

[0131] (i) Provide one or more bio-oils O bio ;

[0132] (ii) will be based on the one or more bio-oils O provided in (i). bioAt least a portion of P1—P1 containing one or more bio-oils—is delivered to a storage tank S(T) included in a storage unit S for a duration Δt1, the storage unit S further including a pump S(P);

[0133] (iii) Store P1 in the tank S(T) of S for a duration of Δt2;

[0134] During the time period Δt2, (iii) further includes

[0135] A portion of P2 from P1 is removed from the storage tank S(T) and a portion of P3 from P2 is reintroduced into the storage tank S(T) — P2 and P3 contain one or more bio-oils, wherein the removal of P2 and the reintroduction of P3 is carried out by the pump S(P) for a duration of Δt3, wherein Δt2 ≥ Δt3;

[0136] The storage tank S(T) includes a top portion T1, a middle portion T2, and a bottom portion T3, wherein T1 is adjacent to T2 and T2 is adjacent to T3, and in T3, the bottom of S(T) is an inclined surface.

[0137] Furthermore, during Δt2, the method optionally includes...

[0138] The corrosion status of the tank S(T) is periodically determined by visual testing and / or measurement, for example, the average linear corrosion rate vl (mm / year) determined in Example 1.

[0139] 2. The method as described in Example 1, wherein the one or more bio-oils O provided according to (i) bio Preferably, the biomass is available or obtained from biomass via methods including mechanical and physical manipulation as well as chemical processes, particularly including pyrolysis or hydrothermal liquefaction, and the biomass is preferably one or more of plants or parts thereof and marine organisms.

[0140] 3. The method as described in Example 1 or 2, wherein the one or more bio-oils provided according to (i) bio It has a water content of up to 50% by weight or up to 40% by weight, preferably up to 30% by weight, more preferably up to 20%, more preferably up to 10% by weight, more preferably up to 5% by weight, and more preferably up to 1% by weight, as determined as in Reference Example 1.

[0141] 4. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 3, further comprising, prior to (ii), taking the one or more bio-oils O provided according to (i) bio When mixed with an additive, the additive being one or more amphiphilic compounds, the one or more amphiphilic compounds comprising at least one compound selected from C6 to C4.26 The nonpolar residues of alkyl and / or alkylene groups and at least one polar residue containing at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N and O.

[0142] 5. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 4, wherein Δt1 is in the range of 0.5 to 150 h, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 50 h, more preferably in the range of 1 to 20 h, and even more preferably in the range of 1 to 5 h.

[0143] 6. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 5, wherein the storage tank S(T) is ventilated with a gaseous atmosphere, preferably an inert gas, more preferably nitrogen.

[0144] 7. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 6, wherein in T1, the storage tank S(T) includes an inlet device for introducing N2, the inlet device being located in the top portion T1 between the top and bottom of the top portion of S(T).

[0145] 8. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 7, wherein in T1, the storage tank S(T) includes an outlet device for removing O2 from the storage tank, the outlet device being located at the top of the top portion T1 of S(T).

[0146] 9. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 8, wherein in T2, the storage tank S(T) includes a method for discharging O bio The P1 is delivered to the inlet device in the tank, which is located at a height H(i) in T2, which is in the range of 30% to 70%, preferably 40% to 60%, and more preferably 45% to 55% of H(T2), where H(T2) is the maximum axial distance between the bottom of the top portion T1 and the top of the bottom portion T3, and H(i) is the axial distance between the bottom of T2 and the inlet device for delivering P1.

[0147] 10. The method of any one of Examples 1 to 9, wherein the removal of a portion of P2 from the tank S(T) according to (iii) is carried out by the pump S(P) at an outlet device for removing P2, the outlet device being located at the bottom of the inclined surface in T3.

[0148] 11. The method as described in Example 10, wherein the removal of a portion of P2 from the storage tank S(T) according to (iii) is carried out periodically or continuously, preferably continuously.

[0149] 12. The method of any one of Examples 1 to 9, wherein the removal of a portion P2 of P1 from the storage tank S(T) is carried out by the pump S(P) at an outlet device for removing P2, the outlet device being located at a height H(o) in T2, the height being in the range of 0.4 to 1.25 m, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1 m, and H(o) being the axial distance between the bottom of S(T) and the outlet device for removing P2.

[0150] 13. The method as described in Example 12, wherein during the time period Δt2, (iii) further includes

[0151] A portion of P1, P4, containing water, is removed from S(T), wherein the removal is performed at the bottom of the inclined surface in the bottom portion T3.

[0152] 14. The method of any one of Examples 1 to 13, wherein the introduction of P3 of P2 into the storage tank S(T) is carried out by the pump S(P) at an inlet device for introducing P3, the inlet device being preferably located between the top of S(T) and the bottom of the top portion T1 in the top portion T1 of S(T).

[0153] 15. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 14, wherein in T3 of S(T), the inclined surface is a surface inclined at an angle in the range of 0.5° to 20°, preferably in the range of 0.75° to 10°, more preferably in the range of 0.80° to 5°, more preferably in the range of 0.85° to 2°, and more preferably in the range of 0.90° to 1.5°.

[0154] 16. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 15, wherein in S(T), the highest temperature T of the liquid phase of P1 in °C is... max (P1) is 80°C, preferably 60°C, more preferably 40°C; wherein in S(T), the lowest temperature T of the liquid phase of P1 in °C is... min (P1) is -10°C, preferably 0°C, more preferably 5°C.

[0155] 17. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 16, wherein in S(T), an overpressure is applied, which is in the range of 100 to 1 mbar, preferably in the range of 50 to 5 mbar, and more preferably in the range of 20 to 10 mbar.

[0156] 18. The method of any one of Examples 1 to 17, wherein the storage tank S(T) is made of one or more of carbon steel and stainless steel.

[0157] 19. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 18, wherein storing P1 in S(T) according to (iii) is performed in the dark.

[0158] 20. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 19, wherein Δt2 is in the range of 1 day to 180 days, preferably in the range of 4 to 60 days.

[0159] 21. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 20, wherein Δt3 is in the range of 50% to 100% of Δt2, preferably in the range of 75% to 99% of Δt2.

[0160] 22. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 21, wherein, during Δt2, the method further includes

[0161] The corrosion status of the tank S(T) is periodically determined by visual testing and / or by measuring the average linear corrosion rate vl (mm / year) as determined in Example 1.

[0162] 23. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 22, further comprising:

[0163] (iv) After being stored in S(T) for a duration of Δt2, at least a portion of PP containing one or more bio-oils is removed from S(T) via the pump S(P).

[0164] 24. One or more stored bio-oils obtained by the method according to any one of Examples 1 to 23 may optionally be used as feedstock for a pyrolyzer, preferably a thermal pyrolyzer or a catalytic pyrolyzer, after a further refining step, preferably after a further hydrotreating step.

[0165] 25. A method for purifying one or more bio-oils, the method comprising:

[0166] (a) A method for storing one or more bio-oils according to any one of Examples 1 to 23;

[0167] (b) After being stored in S(T) for a duration of Δt2 according to (a), at least a portion of PP containing one or more bio-oils is removed from S(T) via the pump S(P);

[0168] (c) subjecting PP to a purification step, preferably a hydrogenation step, to obtain a stream SP1 containing one or more purified bio-oils.

[0169] 26. A method for purifying one or more bio-oils, the method comprising:

[0170] (a) A method for storing one or more bio-oils according to any one of Examples 1 to 23;

[0171] (b) After being stored in S(T) for a duration of Δt2 according to (a), at least a portion of PP containing one or more bio-oils is removed from S(T) via the pump S(P);

[0172] (c) Optionally, the PP may be subjected to a refining step, preferably a hydrogenation step, to obtain stream SP1;

[0173] (c) Pass the PP obtained according to (b) and / or the SP1 obtained according to (c) through the pyrolyzer unit C to obtain a stream SP2 containing one or more purified bio-oils.

[0174] 27. A method for storing one or more bio-oils O bio A preferred storage unit is a storage unit that stores data according to the method described in any one of Examples 1 to 23, the storage unit comprising:

[0175] - A storage tank S(T), wherein the storage tank S(T) includes a top portion T1, a middle portion T2 and a bottom portion T3, wherein T1 is adjacent to T2 and T2 is adjacent to T3, wherein in T3, the bottom of S(T) is an inclined surface;

[0176] - Pump S(P);

[0177] - Used to transfer O bio At least a portion of P1 is sent to the inlet device in S(T);

[0178] - An outlet device for removing a portion of P2 from S(T) of P1;

[0179] - An inlet device used to introduce a portion of P2, P3, into S(T).

[0180] 28. The storage unit as described in Example 27, wherein the storage unit is used to store O bio The inlet device for at least a portion of P1 to be fed into S(T) includes one or more pipes, which are preferably made of carbon steel and stainless steel.

[0181] 29. The storage unit as described in Embodiment 27 or 28, wherein the outlet device for removing a portion of P2 from S(T) comprises one or more pipes, which are preferably made of carbon steel and stainless steel.

[0182] 30. The storage unit as described in any one of Examples 27 to 29, wherein the means for introducing P3 of P2 into S(T) comprises one or more conduits, the one or more conduits preferably being made of carbon steel and stainless steel.

[0183] 31. The storage unit as described in any one of embodiments 27 to 30, wherein in T1, the storage tank S(T) includes an inlet device for introducing N2, the inlet device being located in the top portion T1 between the top and bottom of the top portion of S(T).

[0184] 32. The storage unit as described in any one of Examples 27 to 31, wherein in T1, the storage tank S(T) includes an outlet device for removing O2 from the storage tank, the outlet device being located at the top of S(T) in the top portion T1.

[0185] 33. The storage unit as described in any one of embodiments 27 to 32, wherein the storage unit is used to store O bio The inlet device for delivering P1 into the tank is located at height H(i) in T2, which is in the range of 30% to 70%, preferably 40% to 60%, and more preferably 45% to 55% of H(T2), where H(T2) is the maximum axial distance between the bottom of the top portion T1 and the top of the bottom portion T3, and H(i) is the axial distance between the bottom of T2 and the inlet device for delivering P1.

[0186] 34. The storage unit as described in any one of embodiments 27 to 33, wherein the outlet device for removing P2 is located at the bottom of the inclined surface in T3.

[0187] 35. The storage unit as described in any one of Examples 27 to 33, wherein the outlet device for removing P2 is located at a height H(o) in T2, the height being in the range of 0.4 to 1.25 m, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1 m, and H(o) is the axial distance between the bottom of S(T) and the outlet device for removing P2;

[0188] Preferably, the storage unit further includes means for removing P4 from S(T), the means being located at the bottom of the inclined surface in T3.

[0189] 36. The storage unit as described in any one of embodiments 27 to 35, wherein the inlet device for introducing P3 is preferably located in the top portion T1 of S(T) between the top of S(T) and the bottom of the top portion T1.

[0190] 37. The storage unit as described in any one of Examples 27 to 36, wherein in T3 of S(T), the inclined surface is a surface inclined at an angle in the range of 0.5° to 20°, preferably in the range of 0.75° to 10°, more preferably in the range of 0.80° to 5°, more preferably in the range of 0.85° to 2°, and more preferably in the range of 0.90° to 1.5°.

[0191] 38. The storage unit as described in any one of Examples 27 to 37, wherein the storage tank S(T) is made of one or more of carbon steel and stainless steel.

[0192] 39. The storage unit as described in any one of Examples 27 to 38, further comprising means for measuring the corrosion level in the storage tank S(T).

[0193] In the context of this invention, the inclined surface in T3 preferably refers to an inclined surface, and more preferably to an inclined plane.

[0194] It should be clearly noted that the above set of embodiments represents appropriate structural portions of the general description of preferred aspects of the invention, and therefore appropriately supports but does not represent the claims of the invention.

[0195] In the context of this invention, it should be noted that "alkylene" and "alkyldiyl" are used interchangeably.

[0196] In the context of this invention, the term "X is one or more of A, B, and C" (where X is a given feature and each of A, B, and C represents a specific implementation of said feature) should be understood to disclose that X is A, or B, or C, or A and B, or A and C, or B and C, or A and B and C. In this regard, it should be noted that those skilled in the art can translate the above abstract terms into concrete examples, for example, when X is a chemical element, then A, B, and C are specific elements such as Li, Na, and K, or when X is a temperature, then A, B, and C are specific temperatures such as 10°C, 20°C, and 30°C. In this regard, it should be further noted that those skilled in the art can extend the above terms to less specific implementations of the feature, such as "X is one or more of A and B," which discloses that X is A, or B, or A and B, or extend them to more specific implementations of the feature, such as "X is one or more of A, B, C, and D," which discloses that X is A, or B, or C, or D, or A and B, or A and C, or A and D, or B and C, or B and D, or C and D, or A and B and C, or A and B and D, or B and C and D, or A and B and C and D.

[0197] The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. Example

[0198] Reference Example 1: Measurement of Water Content in Bio-oil

[0199] The water content in a given bio-oil is measured according to DIN 51777.

[0200] Reference Example 2: Measurement of Halogen Content (wppm) in Bio-oils

[0201] The halogen content in a given bio-oil is measured according to ASTM D5808.

[0202] Reference Example 3: Measurement of sulfur content (wppm) in bio-oils

[0203] The sulfur content in a given bio-oil is measured according to ASTM D5453.

[0204] Reference Example 4: Determination of Total Acid Number (TAN)

[0205] The total acid value is determined by titration with KOH according to ASTM E1064 or ASTM D95.

[0206] The following examples and comparative examples are based on experiments conducted using oils obtained through the pyrolysis of solid waste. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the conclusions drawn therefrom are equally applicable to the bio-oils described herein. For example, it is known, as from Eschenbacher et al. (Energy Fuels 2021, 35, 18333−18369; and corresponding references cited therein), that biomass-derived pyrolysis oils typically exhibit high water content and high total acid value.

[0207] Comparative Example 1: Storage of pyrolysis oil not based on the present invention

[0208] This experiment simulates tank conditions without circulation and without a bottom-sloping surface. The experiment was conducted according to the laboratory immersion corrosion test according to DIN 50905 / ASTM G31-72, performed continuously for 4 × 7 days in an ISO 9001 certified corrosion laboratory at T = 60°C and atmospheric pressure (1 bar) without media exchange (the pyrolysis oil remained unchanged during the test). The pyrolysis oil had a sulfur content of 1.1 wt.-% based on oil weight, a halogen content of 15 wppm (ppm based on oil weight), a water content of 0.1 wt.-% based on oil weight, and TAN of 8.7 mg (KOH) / g (oil). Standard corrosion specimens (50 × 20 × 2 mm) with welds were used. Specimens were made of carbon steel 1.0425 (P265GH / HII) and austenitic stainless steel 1.4541 (X6CrNiTi18-10). These specimens were mounted in glass flasks at the gas, liquid, and liquid-gas interfaces. To account for susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking, the 1.4541 specimens were rough-ground on one side. The flask volume was covered with N2, and the medium was not stirred.

[0209] Metal specimens were analyzed by measuring weight loss and visually inspected for localized corrosion (shallow pitting, crevice corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, etc.) under a binocular microscope. To detect stress corrosion cracking (SCC), the coarsely ground specimens were bent at approximately 45 degrees after the corrosion test, making the cracks visible under the microscope if SCC actually occurred. These results were used to establish a linear corrosion rate (vl). The results are shown below.

[0210] Table 1

[0211]

[0212] 1) The limit of technical corrosion resistance is vl = 0.1 mm / year without localized corrosion.

[0213] 2) The highest corrosion rate (up to 0.086 mm / year in the liquid phase) occurred in the first test phase and then steadily decreased.

[0214] 3) The maximum corrosion depth (shallow pitting corrosion) measured was approximately 20 μm, which corresponds to a local corrosion rate of approximately 0.26 mm / year.

[0215] Comparative Example 2: Storage of pyrolysis oil not based on the present invention

[0216] This experiment simulated tank conditions without circulation and without a bottom-sloping surface. The experiment was conducted according to the laboratory immersion corrosion test standard DIN 50905 / ASTM G31-72, performed continuously for 4 × 7 days in an ISO 9001 certified corrosion laboratory at T = 80°C and atmospheric pressure (1 bar) without media exchange (the pyrolysis oil remained unchanged during the test). The pyrolysis oil had a sulfur content of 1.1 wt.-% based on oil weight, a halogen content of 15 wppm (ppm based on oil weight), a water content of 0.1 wt.-% based on oil weight, and TAN of 8.7 mg (KOH) / g (oil). At each test stage, approximately 5000 ppm of demineralized water was added to the medium, increasing the water content in the oil to approximately 0.6 wt.-%. Standard corrosion specimens (50 × 20 × 2 mm) with welds, made of carbon steel 1.0425 (P265GH / HII), were used and mounted in glass flasks at the gas, liquid, and liquid-gas interfaces. The flask volume was covered with N2, and the medium was not stirred.

[0217] Metal specimens were analyzed by measuring weight loss and then visually examined under a binocular microscope for localized corrosion (shallow pitting, crevice corrosion, stress corrosion cracking). These results were used to establish a linear corrosion rate (vl). The results are shown below.

[0218] Table 2

[0219]

[0220] 1) The limit of technical corrosion resistance is vl = 0.1 mm / year without...

[0221] Localized corrosion exists.

[0222] 2) The highest corrosion rate (up to 0.112 mm / year) occurred during the first test phase (7 days) and then steadily decreased.

[0223] 3) The maximum measured corrosion depth (shallow pitting corrosion) was approximately 25 μm.

[0224] This corresponds to a localized corrosion rate of approximately 0.33 mm / year.

[0225] 4) The maximum measured corrosion depth (crevice corrosion) was approximately 10 μm.

[0226] This corresponds to a localized corrosion rate of approximately 0.13 mm / year.

[0227] Therefore, as can be seen from Comparative Examples 1 and 2, corrosion occurs on carbon steel and only slightly on stainless steel when pyrolysis oil is stored using standard methods. The presence of water is also clearly detrimental and increases corrosion.

[0228] Note: For safety reasons, to avoid corrosion in the production tanks used, the comparative experiment was conducted in the laboratory using a glass reactor in accordance with ASTM G31-72.

[0229] Example 1: Pyrolysis oil storage according to the present invention

[0230] The pyrolysis oils are placed in storage tanks and have a sulfur content of about 1.1 wt.-% (+ / - 0.1 wt.-%), a halogen content of about 18 wppm (+ / - 5 wppm), and a water content of about 0.1 wt.-% (+ / - 0.05 wt.-%) based on the weight of the pyrolysis oil mixture.

[0231] The pyrolysis oil is placed in a storage tank comprising a top section T1, a middle section T2, and a bottom section T3, wherein T1 is adjacent to T2 and T2 is adjacent to T3, and in T3, the bottom of the tank is a sloping surface. Oil recirculation occurs from the bottom of the slope, as... Figure 1 As shown.

[0232] The samples used were standard corrosion specimens (50 × 20 × 2 mm) with welds, installed in the gas and liquid phases of the tank containing pyrolysis oil. The specimens were made of carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel 1.4541 and 1.4571 (Table 3 below). To account for susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking, the 1.4541 and 1.4571 specimens were rough-ground on one side. An interim evaluation was conducted after 180 days of continuous exposure. The tank operated at a temperature of approximately 15°C–35°C and an operating overpressure of 15 mbar under a nitrogen atmosphere. The tank containing the pyrolysis oil had a volume of 150 m³. Oil was (re)circulated using a pump. Figure 1 ), and the circulation rate in the tank is 6 m 3 / h.

[0233] Metal specimens were analyzed by measuring weight loss and visually inspected for localized corrosion (shallow pitting, crevice corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, etc.) under a binocular microscope. To detect stress corrosion cracking (SCC), the coarsely ground specimens were bent at approximately 45 degrees after the corrosion test, making the cracks visible under the microscope if SCC actually occurred. These results were used to establish a linear corrosion rate (vl). The results are shown below.

[0234] Table 3

[0235]

[0236] 1) The limit of technical corrosion resistance is vl = 0.1 mm / year without...

[0237] Localized corrosion exists.

[0238] 2) The maximum measured corrosion depth (shallow pitting corrosion) was approximately 40 μm.

[0239] This corresponds to a localized corrosion rate of approximately 0.08 mm / year.

[0240] 3) The maximum measured corrosion depth (crevice corrosion) was approximately 70 μm.

[0241] This corresponds to a localized corrosion rate of approximately 0.14 mm / year. Attached Figure Description

[0242] Figure 1 This refers to a storage unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0243] The storage unit includes a storage tank S(T) and a pump S(P). S(T) comprises a top portion T1, a middle portion T2, and a bottom portion T3, wherein T1 is adjacent to T2 and T2 is adjacent to T3, and in T3, the bottom of S(T) is a sloping surface. A portion P1 of one or more bio-oils to be transported in one or more trucks and / or tankers X is introduced into S(T), preferably at approximately half the height of T2. During storage, N2 is introduced into S(T) via an inlet device located in the top portion T1 between the top and bottom of the top portion T1. Further, during storage, O2 is removed from S(T) via an outlet device located in the top portion T1 at the top of S(T). The top portion T1 of S(T) is substantially conical. S(T) also includes an outlet device for removing a portion P2 of P1 from S(T), said device located in T3 at the bottom of the sloping surface of T3. S(T) further includes an inlet device for introducing a portion of P2, P3, into S(T), the device being located in the top portion T1 of S(T) between the top of S(T) and the bottom of the top portion T1. After storage in S(T), a stream PP containing one or more bio-oils is removed via pump S(P).

[0244] Figure 2 This refers to a storage unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0245] The storage unit includes a storage tank S(T) and a pump S(P). S(T) comprises a top portion T1, a middle portion T2, and a bottom portion T3, wherein T1 is adjacent to T2 and T2 is adjacent to T3, and in T3, the bottom of S(T) is a sloping surface. A portion P1 of one or more bio-oils to be transported in one or more trucks and / or tankers X is introduced into S(T), preferably at approximately half the height of T2. During storage, N2 is introduced into S(T) via an inlet device located in the top portion T1 between the top and bottom of S(T). Further, during storage, O2 is removed from S(T) via an outlet device located in the top portion T1 at the top of S(T). The top portion T1 of S(T) is substantially conical. S(T) further includes an outlet device for removing a portion of P2 from P1 in S(T), said device being located at a height H(o) in T2, which is in the range of 0.4 to 1.25 m, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1 m. S(T) further includes a purging device for removing P4 containing water, said purging device being located at the bottom of the inclined surface in T3. S(T) further includes an inlet device for introducing a portion of P3 from P2 into S(T), said device being located in the top portion T1 of S(T) between the top of S(T) and the bottom of the top portion T1. After storage in S(T), a stream PP containing one or more bio-oils is removed via pump S(P). References

[0246] -WO 2015 / 113681 A1

[0247] -WO 82 / 00467 A1

[0248] -US 2008 / 0108836 A1

[0249] -WO 2014 / 195464 A1

[0250] -WO 2015 / 113681 A1.

Claims

1. A method for storing one or more bio-oils, the method comprising: (i) Provide one or more bio-oils O bio ; (ii) the one or more bio-oils O bio At least a portion of P1—P1 containing one or more bio-oils—is delivered to a storage tank S(T) included in a storage unit S for a duration Δt1, the storage unit S further including a pump S(P); (iii) Store P1 in the tank S(T) of S for a duration of Δt2; During the time period Δt2, (iii) further includes A portion of P2 from P1 is removed from the storage tank S(T) and a portion of P3 from P2 is reintroduced into the storage tank S(T) — P2 and P3 contain one or more bio-oils, wherein the removal of P2 and the reintroduction of P3 is carried out by the pump S(P) for a duration of Δt3, wherein Δt2 ≥ Δt3; The storage tank S(T) comprises a top portion T1, a middle portion T2, and a bottom portion T3, wherein T1 is adjacent to T2 and T2 is adjacent to T3, and in T3, the bottom of S(T) is an inclined surface; and wherein during Δt2, the method further includes The corrosion status of the tank S(T) is periodically determined by visual testing and / or measurement, for example, the average linear corrosion rate vl (mm / year) determined in Example 1.

2. The method as described in claim 1, wherein, (i) The one or more bio-oils O provided bio It can be obtained or acquired from biomass by means including pyrolysis or hydrothermal liquefaction.

3. The method as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, (i) The one or more bio-oils O provided bio It has a water content of up to 50% by weight or up to 40% by weight based on the weight of the bio-oil, preferably up to 30% by weight, preferably up to 20%, more preferably up to 10% by weight, more preferably up to 5% by weight, and more preferably up to 1% by weight.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising, prior to (ii), taking the one or more bio-oils O provided in (i). bio When mixed with an additive, the additive being one or more amphiphilic compounds, the one or more amphiphilic compounds comprising at least one compound selected from C6 to C4. 26 The nonpolar residues of alkyl and / or alkylene groups and at least one polar residue containing at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N and O.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The storage tank S(T) is ventilated by a gaseous atmosphere, more preferably an inert gas, and more preferably nitrogen.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, According to (iii), the removal of a portion of P2 from the storage tank S(T) is carried out by the pump S(P) at the outlet device for removing P2, which is located at the bottom of the inclined surface in T3.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, According to (iii), the removal of a portion of P2 from the storage tank S(T) is carried out periodically or continuously, preferably continuously.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The removal of a portion of P2 from the storage tank S(T) is carried out by the pump S(P) at an outlet device for removing P2, which is located at a height H(o) in T2, in the range of 0.4 to 1.25 m, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1 m, where H(o) is the axial distance between the bottom of S(T) and the outlet device for removing P2.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, During this time period Δt2, (iii) further includes A portion of P1, P4, containing water, is removed from S(T), wherein the removal is performed at the bottom of the inclined surface in the bottom portion T3.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, In T3 of S(T), the inclined surface is a surface inclined at an angle in the range of 0.5° to 20°, preferably in the range of 0.75° to 10°, more preferably in the range of 0.80° to 5°, more preferably in the range of 0.85° to 2°, and more preferably in the range of 0.90° to 1.5°.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, In S(T), the highest temperature Tmax(P1) of the liquid phase of P1 in °C is 80°C, preferably 60°C, more preferably 40°C; wherein in S(T), the lowest temperature Tmin(P1) of the liquid phase of P1 in °C is -10°C, preferably 0°C, more preferably 5°C.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, In S(T), an overpressure is applied, which is in the range of 100 to 1 millibar, more preferably in the range of 50 to 5 millibar, and even more preferably in the range of 20 to 10 millibar.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein, The storage tank S(T) is made of one or more of carbon steel and stainless steel.

14. One or more stored bio-oils obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13 may optionally be used as feedstock for a pyrolyzer, preferably a thermal pyrolyzer or a catalytic pyrolyzer, after a further refining step, preferably after a further hydrotreating step.

15. A method for storing one or more bio-oils O bio A preferred storage unit for storage according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 13, the storage unit comprising: - A storage tank S(T), wherein the storage tank S(T) includes a top portion T1, a middle portion T2 and a bottom portion T3, wherein T1 is adjacent to T2 and T2 is adjacent to T3, wherein in T3, the bottom of S(T) is an inclined surface; - Pump S(P); - Used to transfer O P At least a portion of P1 is sent to the inlet device in S(T); - An outlet device for removing a portion of P2 from S(T) of P1; - An inlet device used to introduce a portion of P2, P3, into S(T).

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