Photovoltaic panel disassembling line and photovoltaic panel disassembling method

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic panel disassembling line, which is used for disassembling and removing a frame of a photovoltaic panel of a junction box and breaking glass of the photovoltaic panel, and is characterized in that the photovoltaic panel disassembling line comprises a photovoltaic panel conveying device used for grabbing the photovoltaic panel and conveying the photovoltaic panel to a next station; the photovoltaic panel frame dismantling device is used for dismantling the frame of the photovoltaic panel; the photovoltaic panel heating device is used for heating the photovoltaic panel; the glass crushing device comprises a glass crusher and a dust recycling machine, the glass crusher is used for crushing and removing glass on the photovoltaic panel, and the dust recycling machine is used for recycling dust generated in the glass crushing process. According to the photovoltaic panel disassembling line, automation of the whole process of photovoltaic panel frame disassembling, heating softening, glass breaking and dust recycling is achieved, manual disassembling is replaced, the disassembling efficiency is greatly improved, the problem that traditional disassembling efficiency is low is solved, operation stability and standardization are improved, and meanwhile environmental protection and safety are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste photovoltaic dismantling technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic panel dismantling line and a photovoltaic panel dismantling method. Background Technology

[0002] As the installed capacity of the photovoltaic industry continues to expand, a large number of photovoltaic modules have reached the end of their service life and entered the retirement cycle. The resource recycling and harmless treatment of waste photovoltaic panels has become an urgent need for the industry. At present, traditional photovoltaic panel dismantling is mainly based on manual assistance and simple equipment. The processes of frame dismantling, heating, and glass breaking are independent and scattered. This has problems such as cumbersome process connection, long material transportation path, and mismatch of cycle time. Not only is the overall dismantling efficiency low and the labor intensity high, but it is also easy to cause secondary damage to photovoltaic panels during transportation, making it difficult to achieve large-scale and continuous dismantling operations.

[0003] Existing dismantling equipment has obvious defects in structure and process. A large amount of dust is generated during the glass breaking process. Existing dismantling lines generally lack efficient and closed-loop dust control devices, resulting in serious unorganized dust diffusion. This not only pollutes the working environment and endangers the health of operators, but also makes it difficult to meet the current environmental protection compliance requirements of industrial production.

[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to improve the existing photovoltaic panel dismantling lines to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a photovoltaic panel dismantling line to solve the problem of generating a large amount of dust in the existing photovoltaic dismantling process.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a photovoltaic panel dismantling line for dismantling and removing the frame of the photovoltaic panel and the glass of the broken photovoltaic panel after removing the junction box. The photovoltaic panel dismantling line includes:

[0007] A photovoltaic panel conveying device is used to grab photovoltaic panels and convey them to the next workstation; A photovoltaic panel frame removal device is used to remove the frame of a photovoltaic panel. A photovoltaic panel heating device is used to heat photovoltaic panels. The glass crushing device includes a glass crusher and a dust recovery machine. The glass crusher is used to crush and remove glass from photovoltaic panels, and the dust recovery machine is used to recover the dust generated during the glass crushing process.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the photovoltaic panel conveying device includes a frame extending in the X direction, a gripping device disposed on the frame for adsorbing and gripping photovoltaic panels, and a first transition conveyor belt for transmission in the X direction. The gripping device is used to grip the photovoltaic panel, move it in the X direction, and place it on the first transition conveyor belt.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the photovoltaic panel frame removal device includes a frame removal conveying track extending in the X direction, a removal component for removing the frame from the photovoltaic panel, and a photovoltaic panel conveying device for sending the photovoltaic panel to the frame removal conveying track.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the photovoltaic panel dismantling line further includes a second transition conveyor belt disposed between the photovoltaic panel frame removal device and the photovoltaic panel heating device, the second transition conveyor belt extending along the X direction.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the photovoltaic panel heating device includes a heating conveyor belt, a heating box covering the heating conveyor belt, and a heating element disposed in the heating box. The heating element works to increase the temperature inside the heating box. The heating box has a heating inlet at one end facing the photovoltaic panel frame removal device and a heating outlet at the other end away from the photovoltaic panel frame removal device.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the inner wall of the heating box is provided with heat insulation material.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the distance between the heating outlet and the glass crusher is in the range of 200-500mm.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the photovoltaic panel dismantling line also includes a control unit and a gas supply station.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the photovoltaic panel conveying device, the photovoltaic panel frame removal device, the photovoltaic panel heating device, and the glass breaking device are arranged sequentially along the X direction.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for disassembling a photovoltaic panel, the method comprising the following steps: S1: Provide the photovoltaic panel dismantling line as described above; S2: Place the photovoltaic panel with the junction box removed into the photovoltaic panel conveying device, and the photovoltaic panel conveying device will send the photovoltaic panel into the photovoltaic panel frame removal device. S3: Photovoltaic panel frame removal device removes the frame of the photovoltaic panel; S4: Send the photovoltaic panel with the frame removed into the photovoltaic panel heating device for heating; S5: The heated photovoltaic panels are fed into the glass crusher for glass crushing, while the dust collection machine collects dust at the same time.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: the photovoltaic panel dismantling line of this invention realizes full automation of the photovoltaic panel frame removal, heating and softening, glass breaking and dust recycling, replacing manual dismantling, greatly improving dismantling efficiency, solving the problem of low efficiency in traditional dismantling, and the coordinated connection of various devices reduces operational risks and secondary damage to photovoltaic panels, improves operational stability and standardization, and is both environmentally friendly and safe. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a side view of the photovoltaic panel disassembly line of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the photovoltaic panel disassembly line of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic panel frame removal device of the photovoltaic panel dismantling line of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic panel frame removal device of the photovoltaic panel dismantling line of the present invention from another angle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the abutment component of the photovoltaic panel dismantling line of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dismantling component of the photovoltaic panel dismantling line of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic panel heating device in the photovoltaic panel dismantling line of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crushing device of the photovoltaic panel dismantling line of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a top view schematic diagram of the crushing device of the photovoltaic panel dismantling line of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the glass crusher in the photovoltaic panel dismantling line of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the glass crusher in the photovoltaic panel dismantling line of the present invention from another angle; Figure 12 This is a top view of the glass crusher in the photovoltaic panel dismantling line of the present invention. Figure 13 yes Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the AA direction; Figure 14 yes Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the middle BB direction; Figure 15This is a front structural diagram of the glass crusher in the photovoltaic panel dismantling line of the present invention; Figure 16 yes Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the CC direction; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the dust recovery machine of the photovoltaic panel dismantling line of the present invention.

[0019] Reference numerals: 100. Photovoltaic panel dismantling line; 1. Photovoltaic panel conveying device; 11. Rack; 12. Gripping device; 13. First transition conveyor belt; 2. Photovoltaic panel frame removal device; 21. Frame removal conveying track; 22. Stopping component; 221. Second track; 222. Lifting block; 223. Stopping block; 23. Centering positioning component; 231. First guide rail; 232. Limiting rod; 24. Removal component; 241. First removal guide rail; 242. Sliding removal block; 243. Second removal guide rail; 2 44. Removal arm; 245. Removal frame block; 246. Removal connecting plate; 247. Lifting cylinder; 248. Support plate; 25. Lifting assembly; 251. Lifting component; 252. Lifting plate; 253. Guide plate; 254. Guide rod; 26. Frame transmission belt; 27. Frame guide rod; 3. Second transition conveyor belt; 4. Photovoltaic panel heating device; 41. Heating conveyor belt; 42. Heating box; 43. Heating inlet; 44. Heating outlet; 5. Glass breaking device; 51. Glass breaker; 511 511. Crushing box; 512. Glass crushing conveyor belt; 513. Support plate; 514. Crushing assembly; 5141. Glass crushing blade; 5142. Glass crushing drive component; 515. Inclined plate; 516. Protective cover; 517. Glass outlet; 518. Drive roller; 519. Drive component; 5110. Upper support frame; 5111. Reset component; 51111. Reset rod; 51112. Reset spring; 51113. Reset support plate; 5112. Support roller; 52. Dust collector; 521. Collection pipe 522. Primary filtration equipment; 5221. Filter box; 5222. Conical body; 5223. First material bucket; 5224. Star-shaped discharge valve; 523. Secondary filtration equipment; 5231. Cartridge dust collector; 5232. Second material bucket; 5233. Fan; 5234. Pneumatic air valve; 53. Glass recycling machine; 531. Recycling conveyor belt; 5311. First recycling section; 5312. Second recycling section; 532. Recycling chamber; 533. Material discharge port; 6. Control unit; 7. Air supply station. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 17 As shown, the photovoltaic panel disassembly line 100 of the present invention is used to disassemble and remove the frame of the photovoltaic panel and the glass of the broken photovoltaic panel after removing the junction box.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the photovoltaic panel dismantling line 100 includes: a photovoltaic panel conveying device 1 for grabbing photovoltaic panels and conveying them to the next workstation; a photovoltaic panel frame removal device 2 for removing the frame of the photovoltaic panel; a photovoltaic panel heating device 4 for heating the photovoltaic panel; and a glass crushing device 5, including a glass crusher 51 and a dust recovery machine 52, wherein the glass crusher 51 is used to crush and remove the glass on the photovoltaic panel, and the dust recovery machine 52 is used to recover the dust generated during the glass crushing process.

[0025] The core function of the photovoltaic panel conveying device 1 is to accurately grab the photovoltaic panels after the junction box has been removed, and to steadily and continuously convey the photovoltaic panels to subsequent work stations such as frame removal, heating, and glass breaking according to the preset dismantling process rhythm.

[0026] The photovoltaic panel conveying device 1 avoids the problems of low efficiency, high operational safety risks, and disconnection between workstations caused by manual handling of photovoltaic panels, ensuring the accuracy and continuity of the photovoltaic panels in each dismantling process, and laying the foundation for the automated operation of the entire dismantling line.

[0027] It should be noted that the photovoltaic panel dismantling line 100 in this embodiment only removes the frame and glass, and places the dismantling of the junction box as a pre-process. In this way, the photovoltaic panel can be inspected when dismantling the junction box, and the dismantling efficiency of the photovoltaic panel dismantling line 100 is avoided due to damage to the photovoltaic panel.

[0028] The core function of the photovoltaic panel frame removal device 2 is to automatically remove the frames of photovoltaic panels conveyed to the corresponding workstation. This structure replaces the tedious traditional manual frame removal operation, achieving standardized frame removal work, effectively improving the efficiency and integrity of frame removal, while avoiding secondary damage to the photovoltaic panel itself caused by manual operation, ensuring the smooth progress of subsequent glass breaking processes. Additionally, it should be noted that... The core function of the photovoltaic panel heating device is to heat the photovoltaic panel after the frame is removed, soften the adhesive layer between the photovoltaic panel glass and the internal cells and film, reduce the bonding strength between the glass and the photovoltaic panel substrate, create favorable conditions for the subsequent glass breaking process, and avoid problems such as incomplete glass breaking, rapid wear of the crusher blades, and damage to the photovoltaic panel substrate due to the high hardness of the adhesive layer.

[0029] The glass crushing device 5 integrates glass crushing and dust control. The core function of the glass crusher 51 is to precisely and efficiently crush the heated and softened photovoltaic panels, separating the glass from the photovoltaic panel backsheet. The core function of the dust recovery machine 52 is to efficiently and in real-time recover the glass dust generated during the glass crushing process, preventing dust from spreading in the working environment and solving the dust pollution problem during photovoltaic panel dismantling.

[0030] The photovoltaic panel dismantling line 100 has various structures that work together in accordance with the preset process rhythm. The photovoltaic panel conveying device 1 achieves seamless connection between each workstation. The frame removal, heating, and glass breaking processes are continuously promoted without any disconnection links caused by human intervention. Compared with the traditional manual dismantling mode, it effectively increases the dismantling volume of photovoltaic panels per unit time and solves the industry problem of low efficiency in traditional dismantling methods.

[0031] The photovoltaic panel dismantling line 100 employs a process logic design that first removes the frame, then heats and softens the adhesive layer, and finally breaks the glass. The coordinated structure of each component ensures a scientifically efficient dismantling process. Frame removal clears structural obstacles for glass breaking, while the heating device softens the adhesive layer, allowing for more thorough glass breakage. Simultaneously, it significantly reduces the impact load and wear on the glass crusher's 51 blades, extending the equipment's lifespan. Furthermore, the automated operation of each process avoids the randomness of manual operation, ensuring standardized quality in photovoltaic panel frame removal and glass breaking, reducing secondary damage to the photovoltaic panel substrate, and improving the utilization rate of recyclable components such as the back panel and frame after photovoltaic panel dismantling.

[0032] The dust recovery machine 52 in the glass crushing device 5 works synchronously with the glass crusher 51 to collect the dust generated during the glass crushing process in real time. It forms a complete environmental protection system with the entire automated dismantling line, preventing dust from spreading into the working environment. This not only meets the environmental protection requirements of industrial production, but also improves the working environment of the operators, and solves the industry problem of dust pollution during the dismantling of photovoltaic glass.

[0033] The core processes of the entire dismantling line are all completed by an automated structure, requiring only a small number of people to complete auxiliary tasks such as photovoltaic panel junction box pretreatment and equipment inspection, which greatly reduces the intensity of manual operation and reliance on manual labor; at the same time, it avoids the safety risks of direct contact between humans and equipment such as crushers and heating devices, as well as bumps, scratches, and high-temperature burns during manual handling of photovoltaic panels, frame removal, and glass breaking, thus improving the safety of photovoltaic panel dismantling operations.

[0034] Furthermore, the coordinated operation of the structure allows the photovoltaic panel dismantling operation to break away from the traditional manual dismantling of photovoltaic panel dismantling lines 100, which rely on "experience-based" operation. It forms a fixed and standardized dismantling process, which can flexibly adjust the dismantling cycle according to the needs of large-scale photovoltaic panel recycling, and adapt to the batch dismantling of waste photovoltaic panels, providing equipment support for the large-scale development of the photovoltaic panel recycling industry.

[0035] In this embodiment, the X direction refers to a direction parallel to the horizontal plane, the Y direction is a direction perpendicular to the X direction and parallel to the horizontal plane, and the Z direction is a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The photovoltaic panel conveying device 1 includes a frame 11 extending along the X direction, a gripping device 12 disposed on the frame 11 for adsorbing and gripping photovoltaic panels, and a first transition conveyor belt 13 for transmission along the X direction. The gripping device 12 is used to grip the photovoltaic panel, move it along the X direction, and place it on the first transition conveyor belt 13.

[0036] The frame 11 is a gantry frame 11, and the gripping device 12 is a suction cup gripping device 12 that is movably mounted on the frame 11 and used to adsorb and grip the photovoltaic panels to be disassembled.

[0037] The gantry 11 is arranged across the photovoltaic panel loading station and the feeding end of the first transition conveyor belt 13. The gripping device 12 can reciprocate linearly along the X-axis guide rail of the gantry 11. It uses a negative pressure suction cup to non-destructively adsorb and grip the waste photovoltaic panels after the junction box has been removed. The gripped photovoltaic panels are then moved along the X-axis and placed stably on the bearing surface of the first transition conveyor belt 13. The feeding end of the first transition conveyor belt has reserved operating space for forklift loading. The belt body also integrates a photovoltaic panel left and right centering positioning mechanism, which can accommodate photovoltaic panels with a length of 1.5m-2m and a width of 900mm-1200mm. The photovoltaic panels are stably transported along the X-axis to the subsequent frame removal station.

[0038] The photovoltaic panel conveying device 1, through the cooperation of the gantry 11 and the gripping device 12, realizes the automated transfer of waste photovoltaic panels from the loading station to the first transition conveyor belt, replacing the traditional manual handling method. This significantly reduces the intensity of manual operation and the safety risks such as bumps and scratches, while avoiding the problem of photovoltaic panel glass breakage caused by manual handling, ensuring the basic quality of subsequent dismantling processes. The first transition conveyor belt realizes the loading buffer function, which can ensure the continuous loading operation rhythm of the dismantling line through the temporary storage function, avoiding the disconnection between the previous loading and the subsequent dismantling station, effectively improving the dismantling efficiency of the entire production line, while improving the equipment's compatibility and versatility with mainstream photovoltaic panel models on the market, further improving the fully automated operation system of the entire dismantling line.

[0039] like Figures 3 to 6 As shown, a photovoltaic panel frame removal device 2 is used to remove the frame of a photovoltaic panel. The photovoltaic panel frame removal device 2 includes a frame removal conveying track 21 extending in the X direction, a stop 22 restricting the movement of the photovoltaic panel in the Y direction, a centering positioning member 23 disposed on both sides of the frame removal conveying track 21 in the Y direction, and a removal member 24 for removing the frame from the photovoltaic panel. The stop 22 is used to limit the position of the photovoltaic panel along the moving direction, and the centering positioning member 23 is used to limit the position of the photovoltaic panel perpendicular to the moving direction. The stop 22 is vertically movable in the height direction, and the stop 22 has a first position located at the bottom and a second position to block the photovoltaic panel upward.

[0040] The frame removal conveyor track 21 serves as the supporting foundation for the frame removal process, conveying photovoltaic panels along the X direction and providing a stable conveying path for the photovoltaic panels at the frame removal station, thus enabling continuous flow of photovoltaic panels between the loading and frame removal processes.

[0041] The blocking component 22 switches its working position by lifting and lowering in the height direction. When it is in the first low position, it avoids the normal transportation of the photovoltaic panel. When it is raised to the second high position, it stops the photovoltaic panel in the X direction axially, accurately defining the working position of the photovoltaic panel along the moving direction, and providing an X-direction positioning reference for frame removal.

[0042] The centering and positioning components 23 are arranged on both sides of the track along the Y direction to center and calibrate the photovoltaic panel perpendicular to the direction of movement, limit the Y-direction position of the photovoltaic panel, correct the lateral offset of the photovoltaic panel during the transportation process, and ensure the centering and positioning of the photovoltaic panel at the frame disassembly station.

[0043] The removal component 24 is the core execution component for frame removal. After the photovoltaic panel is positioned in both directions, the frame is stably removed from the photovoltaic panel body, completing the core process of frame removal.

[0044] This embodiment achieves precise bidirectional positioning of the photovoltaic panel at the frame removal station through the coordinated operation of the X-axis blocking component 22 and the Y-axis centering and positioning component 23. This eliminates positional deviations during transportation, significantly improves the accuracy and pass rate of frame removal, and avoids damage to the photovoltaic panel glass and backsheet during frame removal. It is also compatible with various mainstream photovoltaic panels of different sizes, enhancing the device's versatility. Simultaneously, the liftable blocking component 22, in conjunction with the conveyor rail, achieves seamless integration of photovoltaic panel transportation, positioning, and frame removal processes. This improves the automation level and cycle time of the frame removal process, ensuring continuous and efficient operation of the entire dismantling line. It also avoids equipment jams and incomplete frame removal caused by photovoltaic panel displacement during frame removal, reducing the frequency of manual intervention and equipment maintenance costs.

[0045] The centering and positioning component 23 includes a first guide rail 231 extending along the Y direction and two limiting rods 232 disposed on the first guide rail 231. The two limiting rods 232 are respectively located at both ends of the frame disassembly conveying track 21.

[0046] Two limiting rods 232 are symmetrically positioned at both ends of the Y-direction of the frame dismantling conveyor track 21, and can move synchronously in opposite directions or in opposite directions along the first guide rail 231. The rod body of the limiting rod 232 extends vertically, and its side facing the frame dismantling conveyor track 21 is provided with a smooth guide contact surface that matches the side of the photovoltaic panel. The distance between the two limiting rods 232 can be steplessly adjusted according to the width of the photovoltaic panel to be dismantled, and can be adapted to mainstream photovoltaic panels with a width of 900mm-1200mm on the market. At the same time, during the process of the photovoltaic panel being transported to the frame dismantling station, the photovoltaic panel can be laterally centered and calibrated by moving in opposite directions to correct the Y-direction positional deviation of the photovoltaic panel during the transport process on the frame dismantling conveyor track 21.

[0047] The centering and positioning component 23, through its synchronously adjustable double limit rod 232 structure, can accurately center and calibrate photovoltaic panels that have shifted laterally during transportation. This provides a unified and stable positioning benchmark for the subsequent frame removal process, avoiding incomplete frame removal, glass layer damage, and equipment jamming caused by photovoltaic panel position shifts, thus significantly improving the accuracy of frame removal and product qualification rate. Simultaneously, the adjustable spacing of the limit rods 232 along the guide rail allows for flexible adaptation to waste photovoltaic panels of different widths, enhancing the equipment's versatility. It eliminates the need to replace positioning components for different photovoltaic panel models, simplifying the equipment operation process, ensuring continuous operation of the frame removal process, and further improving the overall operating efficiency of the photovoltaic panel dismantling line 100.

[0048] In this embodiment, there are two sets of centering positioning elements 23, and the two sets of centering positioning elements 23 are spaced apart along the X direction.

[0049] Two sets of centering and positioning components 23 spaced apart along the X direction can fundamentally ensure the high consistency of the centering state of the photovoltaic panel throughout the entire process of conveying it on the frame removal conveyor track 21 through two-stage centering calibration actions. This effectively eliminates the problem of positional offset and attitude deflection that may occur again after long-distance transport of the photovoltaic panel, ensuring that the photovoltaic panel remains centered when the frame is removed. This provides a stable positioning benchmark for the subsequent frame removal process, significantly improving the accuracy of the frame removal action and the product qualification rate. It also reduces failures such as glass breakage, incomplete frame removal, and equipment jamming caused by inconsistency in centering. At the same time, it ensures the stability of the centering effect of photovoltaic panels of different specifications during continuous transport, further improving the continuity of the frame removal process and the operating efficiency of the entire dismantling line.

[0050] The blocking member 22 includes a second track 221 extending in the X direction, a lifting block 222 disposed on the second track 221, and a blocking block 223 disposed at the top of the lifting block 222.

[0051] By cooperating with the movable lifting block 222 through the second track 221 extending along the X direction, the placement position of the stop block 223 in the photovoltaic panel conveying direction can be flexibly adjusted. This allows for precise adaptation to the stop positioning requirements of photovoltaic panels of different lengths and specifications, significantly improving the equipment's universal compatibility with mainstream photovoltaic panel models on the market. Simultaneously, relying on the lifting block 222 to drive the stop block 223, the height direction can be switched between lifting and lowering. At the low position, the continuous conveying of photovoltaic panels on the frame removal conveying track 21 can be completely avoided, preventing interference with the flow of photovoltaic panels. When raised to the high position, it can form a stable and rigid axial stop for the photovoltaic panels, precisely limiting the working position of the photovoltaic panels along the moving direction, preventing the photovoltaic panels from shifting during frame removal operations, providing a reliable positioning benchmark for subsequent frame removal processes, and effectively ensuring the action accuracy and product qualification rate of frame removal.

[0052] The photovoltaic panel frame removal device 2 also includes a lifting assembly 25. There are two frame removal conveying tracks 21, which are arranged parallel to each other along the Y-direction of the photovoltaic panel. A clearance space is formed between the two tracks for the installation and operation of the lifting assembly 25, which is housed within this clearance space. The lifting assembly 25 includes a lifting member 251 capable of vertical reciprocating motion and a lifting plate 252 fixedly connected to the output end of the lifting member 251. The bearing surface of plate 252 is adapted to the bottom contour of the photovoltaic panel. The lifting component 251 can drive the lifting plate 252 to rise and fall synchronously. When the lifting plate 252 rises to the working position, its plate surface is stably supported by the bottom surface of the photovoltaic panel, and the photovoltaic panel is smoothly lifted from the bearing surface of the frame removal conveyor track 21 to the preset frame removal working height. When the lifting plate 252 falls to the reset position, it can drive the photovoltaic panel that has completed the frame removal operation back to the frame removal conveyor track 21, so that the photovoltaic panel can continue to be transported forward to the next process with the track.

[0053] The two spaced-apart frame removal conveyor tracks 21 work in conjunction with the lifting component 25 to provide a stable conveying path for the photovoltaic panels. The clearance between the tracks also provides ample room for the lifting operation, completely avoiding interference with the conveying structure during the lifting process. The lifting component 251 and the lifting plate 252 work together to smoothly lift the photovoltaic panels to the frame removal operating height, ensuring they are in a stable, stationary state after leaving the conveyor tracks. This eliminates the impact of conveyor track vibration on the frame removal operation, providing a stable operating benchmark for subsequent frame removal and effectively preventing problems such as incomplete frame removal and glass layer damage caused by photovoltaic panel swaying during the removal process. Simultaneously, the lifting plate 252 uses a surface contact method to abut against the bottom surface of the photovoltaic panel, ensuring even force distribution and preventing stress concentration damage during lifting. The lifting component 25's lifting design also achieves seamless integration between the photovoltaic panel conveying and frame removal processes, eliminating the need for additional transfer structures and significantly improving the working cycle of the frame removal process and the overall operating efficiency of the photovoltaic panel removal line 100.

[0054] The lifting assembly 25 further includes a guide plate 253 fixedly connected to the fixed end of the lifting member 251 and a plurality of guide rods 254 fixedly connected vertically to the bottom surface of the lifting plate 252. The guide plate 253 is horizontally arranged directly below the lifting plate 252. The guide plate 253 has guide through holes that correspond one-to-one with the number and position of the guide rods 254. Each guide rod 254 moves vertically through the corresponding guide through hole. The outer wall of the guide rod 254 forms a precise sliding fit with the hole wall of the guide through hole. The plurality of guide rods 254 are symmetrically and evenly distributed around the lifting axis of the lifting member 251. The bottom end of the guide rod 254 is also provided with a limit stop to limit the upward limit stroke of the guide rod 254 and prevent the guide rod 254 from coming out of the guide plate 253.

[0055] The sliding guide mechanism formed by the guide plate 253 and multiple symmetrically arranged guide rods 254 provides precise vertical guidance for the lifting movement of the lifting plate 252. This fundamentally avoids horizontal deviation, angular deflection, or swaying during the lifting process, ensuring the surface contact and fit between the lifting plate 252 and the bottom surface of the photovoltaic panel. This ensures uniform force distribution on the photovoltaic panel during lifting and effectively prevents damage to the photovoltaic panel glass layer and displacement of the panel position caused by lifting posture deviations. Simultaneously, the symmetrically distributed guide structure can evenly distribute the stress generated during the lifting process. The lateral stress generated significantly improves the structural rigidity and operational stability of the lifting component 25. Even when faced with photovoltaic panels of different lengths, specifications, and weights, it can always ensure the consistency and accuracy of the lifting height, providing a stable and reliable operating benchmark for the subsequent frame removal process. In addition, the cooperation between the guide rod 254 and the guide plate 253 can also form radial protection for the lifting component 251, significantly reducing the eccentric load moment on the lifting component 251, reducing the wear and failure probability of the lifting component 251, extending its service life, reducing equipment operation and maintenance costs, and further ensuring the continuous and efficient operation of the frame removal process.

[0056] The number of the removal components 24 is four, two of which are spaced apart along the X direction to remove the frame of the photovoltaic panel along the X direction, and the other two are spaced apart along the Y direction to remove the frame of the photovoltaic panel along the Y direction.

[0057] The number of dismantling components 24 is four. The four dismantling components 24 are arranged in a rectangle around the central axis of the photovoltaic panel. Two of the dismantling components 24 are symmetrically spaced along the X direction and can reciprocate linearly along the Y direction to clamp and dismantle the two sets of short side frames extending along the X direction of the photovoltaic panel. The other two dismantling components 24 are symmetrically spaced along the Y direction and can reciprocate linearly along the X direction to clamp and dismantle the two sets of long side frames extending along the Y direction of the photovoltaic panel. The four dismantling components 24 adopt a step-by-step action logic. The two dismantling components 24 spaced apart in the X direction are driven first to complete the dismantling of the short side frames, and then the two dismantling components 24 spaced apart in the Y direction are driven to complete the dismantling of the long side frames. The working stroke of each dismantling component 24 can be steplessly adjusted according to the size of the photovoltaic panel to be dismantled.

[0058] This embodiment achieves step-by-step automated removal of the four sides of the photovoltaic panel frame by using four rectangularly arranged dismantling components 24. By dismantling the shorter sides first and then the longer sides, it fundamentally solves the industry pain point of the inability to simultaneously remove the four sides of the photovoltaic panel frame due to corner reinforcement, avoiding problems such as frame deformation, glass layer damage, and backsheet damage caused by simultaneous frame removal. This significantly improves the integrity of frame removal and the product qualification rate. Furthermore, the independent drive and adjustable stroke design of the X and Y direction dismantling components 24 allows for flexible adaptation to photovoltaic panels of different sizes and specifications. It can complete the frame removal operation of different models of photovoltaic panels without changing equipment parts, significantly improving the equipment's versatility. Simultaneously, the circular arrangement and step-by-step operation mode of the four dismantling components 24 achieves continuous automated progress in the frame removal process, eliminating the need for manual intervention and secondary transfer and posture adjustment of the photovoltaic panel. This effectively shortens the frame removal time for a single photovoltaic panel, improves the work cycle of the frame removal process, and enhances the overall operating efficiency of the photovoltaic panel dismantling line 100.

[0059] The dismantling component 24 includes a first dismantling guide rail 241, a sliding dismantling block 242 movably mounted on the first dismantling guide rail 241 and capable of reciprocating linear motion relative to the first dismantling guide rail 241, a second dismantling guide rail 243 fixedly mounted on the sliding dismantling block 242, and a dismantling arm 244 movably mounted on the second dismantling guide rail 243. The extension direction of the second dismantling guide rail 243 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the first dismantling guide rail 241. The dismantling arm 244 can reciprocate linearly along the second dismantling guide rail 243, moving closer to or away from the photovoltaic panel. A downwardly extending frame dismantling block 245 is fixedly provided at one end of the dismantling arm 244 away from the second dismantling guide rail 243. The lower end of the frame dismantling block 245 can form a stable limiting and fastening with the side and bottom edge of the photovoltaic panel frame, providing a reliable force point for the frame pulling and dismantling, and adapting to the step-by-step pulling and dismantling operation of the photovoltaic panel frame. Each second dismantling guide rail 243 is provided with two dismantling arms 244.

[0060] The dismantling component 24, through its mutually perpendicular double-rail structure design, achieves independent control of the frame dismantling position adjustment and the frame pulling action. It can flexibly adjust the frame dismantling position by moving the sliding dismantling block 242 along the first dismantling guide rail 241, significantly improving the equipment's versatility. Simultaneously, the linear movement of the dismantling arm 244 along the second dismantling guide rail 243 provides a stable and uniform pulling force for frame dismantling, avoiding problems such as frame deformation and photovoltaic glass layer damage caused by uneven force during pulling. At the same time, the dismantling block 245, by forming a stable clamp with the photovoltaic panel frame, fundamentally eliminates frame slippage and force failure during the pulling operation, ensuring the stable execution of the step-by-step frame dismantling process of dismantling the short side frame first and then the long side frame. This effectively solves the industry pain point of high difficulty in simultaneous frame dismantling and incomplete frame dismantling due to corner reinforcement of photovoltaic panel frame corners, significantly improving the frame dismantling qualification rate and operational efficiency, and further ensuring the continuous operation of the entire photovoltaic panel dismantling line 100.

[0061] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the short side frame is removed first, and then the long side frame is removed. When removing the short side frame, the removal arm 244 is moved to the edge of the short side for removal. Since there is no corner code restriction after removing the short side, the removal arm 244 can be moved to the middle.

[0062] The dismantling component 24 also includes a dismantling connecting plate 246 fixedly connected between the sliding end of the second dismantling guide rail 243 and the dismantling arm 244, a lifting cylinder 247 vertically fixedly installed on the lower end face of the dismantling connecting plate 246, and a receiving plate 248 fixedly connected to the piston rod output end of the lifting cylinder 247 and driven by the lifting cylinder 247 to reciprocate vertically. The receiving plate 248 is horizontally arranged directly below the dismantling arm 244, and its plate surface extension direction is consistent with the length direction of the photovoltaic panel frame to be dismantled. The plate surface width is greater than the cross-sectional width of the photovoltaic panel frame. It can move horizontally towards or away from the photovoltaic panel synchronously along the second dismantling guide rail 243 with the dismantling arm 244 and the dismantling connecting plate 246. The lifting cylinder 247 can adjust the vertical position of the receiving plate 248 in real time according to the specifications and dimensions of the photovoltaic panel and the height of the frame dismantling operation, so that the receiving plate 248 always forms a stable receiving fit with the bottom of the photovoltaic panel frame throughout the entire process of frame pulling and dismantling.

[0063] This embodiment features a synchronously movable and adjustable receiving plate 248 located below the dismantling arm 244. This provides stable support for the dismantled frame throughout the dismantling process, fundamentally preventing the frame from falling or dropping. This eliminates problems such as equipment jamming, scratches and damage to the photovoltaic panel glass layer and backsheet caused by falling frames, ensuring the continuity of the dismantling operation and the integrity of recovered materials. It also eliminates the safety hazards of frames falling from heights. Furthermore, the lifting cylinder 247 allows for flexible adaptation to the dismantling needs of photovoltaic panels of different lengths and widths, ensuring the receiving plate 248 is always in the optimal receiving position. The integrated load-bearing design of the dismantling connecting plate 246 synchronizes the movements of the receiving plate 248 and the dismantling arm 244, ensuring that the frame is received instantly upon dismantling. No additional auxiliary structures for frame transfer and collection are needed, further simplifying the equipment structure, reducing the frequency of manual intervention in the dismantling process, and effectively improving the operational efficiency and stability of the frame dismantling operation.

[0064] The driving direction of the push cylinder matches the extension direction of the first dismantling track, driving the push plate to reciprocate linearly along the extension direction of the first dismantling track. After the photovoltaic panel frame is removed and falls onto the receiving plate 248, the push cylinder can drive the push plate to extend, smoothly pushing the frame off the receiving plate 248, realizing automated unloading and collection of the removed frame. This structure, through the cooperation of the push cylinder and the push plate, together with the receiving plate 248 and the dismantling arm 244, forms a closed-loop automated operation for the entire process of frame removal, receiving, and unloading. The ring-shaped frame removal system eliminates the need for manual intervention to clean the frame, fundamentally avoiding problems such as equipment jamming and interference with subsequent frame removal operations caused by the accumulation of removed frames on the receiving plate 248. This ensures the continuous and stable operation of the frame removal process, effectively shortens the frame removal cycle of a single photovoltaic panel, improves the work rhythm of the frame removal process and the automation efficiency of the entire photovoltaic panel removal line 100, and also reduces the operational intensity of manual frame cleaning and safety hazards such as falling from heights and mechanical scratches, further enhancing the safety and reliability of equipment operation.

[0065] The photovoltaic panel frame removal device 2 also includes frame transmission belts 26 respectively set at both ends of the frame removal conveyor track 21 along the X direction, and frame guide rods 27 respectively set at both ends along the Y direction. The transmission direction of both sets of frame transmission belts 26 is extended along the Y direction. Their feeding ends are precisely corresponding to the frame removal operation position of the removal component 24. They can stably receive the short side frame of the photovoltaic panel after being removed by the removal component 24 and continuously transport it outward along the Y direction. The frame guide rods 27 are correspondingly arranged on both sides of the frame removal conveyor track 21 along the Y direction. They are inclined outward and downward along the Y direction and can be adapted to guide the long side frame removed by the removal component 24 to slide down.

[0066] By setting up the frame conveyor belt 26 and the frame guide rod 27, the disassembled photovoltaic panel frames can be received and transported separately in real time and sent to both sides of the photovoltaic panel frame removal device in the 2Y direction. This completely avoids the accumulation of disassembled frames at the frame removal station and interference with subsequent photovoltaic panel conveying and frame removal actions, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the frame removal process. It effectively shortens the frame removal cycle of a single photovoltaic panel, eliminates problems such as equipment jamming and scratches and damage to the photovoltaic panel glass layer caused by frames falling at will, and eliminates the on-site safety hazards caused by frames falling from heights. At the same time, no manual intervention is required to clean the frames, which greatly reduces the intensity of manual labor and further improves the automation efficiency and operational safety of the entire photovoltaic panel disassembly line 100.

[0067] The photovoltaic panel dismantling line 100 also includes a second transition conveyor belt 3 disposed between the photovoltaic panel frame removal device 2 and the photovoltaic panel heating device 4, the second transition conveyor belt 3 extending in the X direction. The second transition conveyor belt 3 extending in the X direction, positioned between the photovoltaic panel frame removal device 2 and the photovoltaic panel heating device 4, enables seamless connection between the frame removal and heating processes, allowing the photovoltaic panels with removed frames to be smoothly and continuously transported to the heating station. Its own conveying buffering capacity balances the difference in operating rhythm between the preceding frame removal and subsequent heating processes, preventing photovoltaic panels from accumulating, jamming, or idling at the subsequent station.

[0068] The photovoltaic panel heating device 4 includes a heating conveyor belt 41, a heating box 42 covering the heating conveyor belt 41, and a heating element disposed in the heating box 42. The heating element works to improve the heating effect inside the heating box 42. The heating box 42 has a heating inlet 43 at one end facing the photovoltaic panel frame removal device 2 and a heating outlet 44 at the other end away from the photovoltaic panel frame removal device 2.

[0069] like Figure 7As shown, the photovoltaic panel heating device 4 forms a closed, enclosed structure with the heating conveyor belt 41 and the heating element through the heating box 42. The openings are only the photovoltaic panel inlet and outlet on both sides, which can significantly reduce heat loss during the heating process, improve thermal energy utilization, and reduce equipment operating energy consumption. At the same time, relying on the uniform heating of the heating element in the closed box, it can stably and fully soften the film between the photovoltaic panel glass and the solar cell, effectively reducing the difficulty of the subsequent glass breaking process, reducing tool wear, significantly improving the glass removal rate of the photovoltaic panel, and avoiding problems such as incomplete glass breaking and back panel damage caused by excessively hard film. The design of the heating conveyor belt 41 realizes the photovoltaic panel The continuous operation mode of conveying and heating simultaneously, combined with the heating inlet 43 and heating outlet 44 that connect to the frame removal device and the subsequent glass breaking station respectively, achieves seamless connection between the frame removal process and the heating process, and between the heating process and the glass breaking process. This minimizes the non-operational dwell time after the photovoltaic panels are heated, avoids the film from cooling and hardening and affecting the subsequent dismantling effect, and further reduces heat loss at the opening of the box. The overall structure also integrates the conveying and heating functions, simplifies the production line layout, and the sealed box design also avoids the impact of heat diffusion on the workshop working environment, improving the stability of equipment operation and the safety of on-site operations.

[0070] The inner wall of the heating chamber 42 is equipped with heat insulation material, which can effectively reduce the heat loss during the heating process, significantly improve the heat energy utilization rate, reduce the energy consumption of equipment operation, and at the same time, it can stably maintain the set temperature inside the heating chamber 42, ensure that the photovoltaic panel film is heated evenly and the softening effect is stable, and also prevent the heat of the chamber from spreading outward and affecting the workshop working environment.

[0071] The distance between the heating outlet 44 and the glass crusher 51 is 200-500mm. This can minimize heat loss during the photovoltaic panel transportation process, prevent the film from cooling and hardening, which would affect the glass crushing effect, and ensure the glass removal rate and dismantling quality of the photovoltaic panel. It can also reserve sufficient space for manual operation, which is convenient for quick handling of material jamming faults and equipment maintenance. This achieves seamless connection between the heating process and the glass crushing process, and avoids the disconnection of transportation between processes and idle operation.

[0072] like Figures 8 to 17 As shown, the glass crushing device 5 is used to crush and remove the glass from the photovoltaic panel. The glass crushing device 5 includes a glass crusher 51 and a dust collector 52. This allows for simultaneous operation of glass crushing and dust control, efficiently completing the glass removal process from the photovoltaic panel while controlling dust pollution at its source and meeting industrial environmental compliance requirements.

[0073] like Figures 10 to 16As shown, the glass crusher 51 includes a crushing chamber 511, a glass crushing conveyor belt 512 disposed within the crushing chamber 511, a support plate 513 disposed below the glass crushing conveyor belt 512, a crushing component 514 for crushing glass, an inclined plate 515 disposed below the support plate 513, and a protective cover 516 disposed on the crushing chamber 511. The crushing chamber 511 has a glass outlet 517. The lower end of the inclined plate 515 protrudes from the glass outlet 517 into the crushing chamber 511. The protective cover 516 covers the glass outlet 517. The dust collector 52 is connected to the protective cover 516 to extract dust.

[0074] A glass crushing conveyor belt 512 is installed inside the crushing box 511, and a rigid support plate 513 is installed below the conveyor belt, forming the photovoltaic panel conveying and crushing support base. The glass crushing conveyor belt 512 realizes the continuous and stable transportation of photovoltaic panels, and the support plate 513 provides rigid support for the crushing operation, avoiding deformation and displacement of photovoltaic panels during crushing, ensuring the uniformity of glass layer crushing, greatly improving the glass removal rate, and reducing glass residue on the back plate.

[0075] The 514 crushing component can efficiently and uniformly crush the glass layer of photovoltaic panels after the encapsulant film has softened, greatly reducing the difficulty of crushing operations and reducing tool wear. At the same time, it is compatible with the crushing needs of mainstream photovoltaic panels on the market, ensuring operational stability and product consistency.

[0076] An inclined guide plate 253 is installed below the support plate 513, with its lower end protruding outward from the glass outlet 517 of the crushing chamber 511. In this way, the inclined plate 515 smoothly guides the glass slag after crushing, allowing it to be quickly discharged and collected from the glass outlet 517, avoiding the accumulation and jamming of glass slag in the chamber, ensuring continuous operation of the crushing operation, and simplifying the glass slag recycling process.

[0077] A protective cover 516 is installed at the glass outlet 517 to fully cover the area. The protective cover 516 is connected to the dust collection machine 52 through a pipeline to form a negative pressure dust collection channel. By sealing the dust diffusion channel through the protective cover 516, and in conjunction with the negative pressure suction of the dust collection machine 52, a closed-loop collection of dust is achieved during the glass slag discharge process, completely preventing dust from spreading outward, improving the on-site working environment, and ensuring that the dust collection operation runs synchronously with the crushing process without affecting the dismantling cycle of the production line.

[0078] The glass crushing device 5 in this embodiment, through the integrated design of the glass crusher 51 and the dust collector 52, forms a complete operation system for continuous crushing of photovoltaic panel glass, smooth flow of glass slag, and closed-loop dust collection. It can not only achieve uniform and thorough crushing of the photovoltaic panel glass layer through the cooperation of the glass crushing conveyor belt 512, support plate 513 and crushing component 514, greatly improving the glass removal rate, but also avoid the accumulation of glass slag and material jamming through the flow guiding structure of inclined plate 515 and glass outlet 517, ensuring continuous and stable operation of the equipment. At the same time, relying on the connection design of the protective cover 516 and the dust collector 52, it realizes closed-loop dust treatment throughout the glass crushing process, solving the pain point of serious dust pollution in open glass crushing in the industry, meeting the requirements of industrial environmental protection compliance. Its modular integrated structure can be seamlessly connected with the processes before and after the dismantling line, further improving the automation level and operational stability of the entire photovoltaic panel dismantling line 100.

[0079] like Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 17 As shown, the glass crushing device 5 also includes a glass recycling machine 53. The lower end of the protective cover 516 is provided with a recycling port. The glass recycling machine 53 includes a recycling conveyor belt 531 disposed below the recycling port and a recycling chamber 532 disposed at the end of the recycling conveyor belt 531 away from the glass crusher 51. The lower end of the recycling chamber 532 is provided with a material discharge port 533. The dust collector 52 is connected to the upper end of the recycling chamber 532 to absorb dust.

[0080] This embodiment forms a fully enclosed glass slag conveying and collection channel through the recycling port at the lower end of the protective cover 516, the recycling conveyor belt 531, and the recycling chamber 532. The broken glass slag can be conveyed to the recycling chamber 532 in a sealed manner throughout the process, and the glass material can be collected on a large scale and in a standardized manner by directly connecting to the ton bag belt through the lower discharge port 533. This not only avoids the problems of glass slag scattering and jamming during the transfer process, but also eliminates the intermediate transfer link of glass slag, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of manual cleaning and transfer and the safety hazards of glass slag scratches and material splashing. At the same time, the upper end of the recycling chamber 532 is connected to the dust recovery machine 52, which can realize secondary negative pressure dust removal in the glass slag conveying and collection process. Together with the dust removal structure in the glass crushing process, it forms a closed-loop dust control system for the whole process, which eliminates the problem of dust diffusion during the glass slag falling and collection process, meets the environmental protection compliance requirements of industrial production, and further improves the automation level and environmental protection of the entire photovoltaic panel dismantling line 100.

[0081] The recycling conveyor belt 531 has a first recycling section 5311 extending horizontally below the recycling port and a second recycling section 5312 connected to the first recycling section 5311. The second recycling section 5312 extends obliquely upward from the first recycling section 5311. The recycling cavity 532 is located at the end of the second recycling section 5312 away from the first recycling section 5311.

[0082] The recycling conveyor belt 531, through its structural design of a horizontally arranged first recycling section 5311 and an upwardly extending second recycling section 5312, can comprehensively and stably receive glass shards falling from the recycling port of the protective cover 516 via the first recycling section 5311, which is directly opposite the recycling port, completely avoiding the problems of glass shard scattering and jamming, and ensuring continuous and stable collection of glass shards. At the same time, relying on the upwardly extending second recycling section 5312, it can directly lift and transport glass shards falling from a lower position to a higher recycling chamber 532, without the need for an additional independent lifting mechanism, greatly simplifying the process. The structural layout of the glass slag recycling system reduces equipment costs and maintenance difficulties, and enables fully enclosed conveying of glass slag, reducing dust spillage during the conveying process. Combined with the dust collector 52 connected to the upper end of the recycling chamber 532, a closed-loop dust control system can be formed throughout the entire process of glass slag conveying and collection, eliminating dust diffusion pollution and meeting industrial environmental compliance requirements. Its compact conveying structure also further adapts to the layout requirements of production line container integration and field mobile dismantling, improving the automation level and scenario adaptability of the entire photovoltaic panel dismantling line 100.

[0083] The dust recovery machine 52 includes a recovery pipe 521, a primary filtration device 522 connected to the recovery pipe 521, and a secondary filtration device 523 connected to the primary filtration device 522. The secondary filtration device 523 includes a fan 5233 for generating negative pressure.

[0084] The recovery pipe 521 is a three-way pipe with two openings connecting the recovery chamber 532 and the protective cover 516 respectively. The dust recovery machine 52 forms a two-stage series negative pressure dust removal structure through the recovery pipe 521, the primary filter 522, the secondary filter 523, and the built-in negative pressure fan 5233. Relying on the stable negative pressure formed by the fan 5233, the dust generated in the entire process of photovoltaic panel glass breaking and glass slag transportation and collection is efficiently sucked up through the recovery pipe 521. First, the primary filter 522 completes the coarse filtration and separation of large dust particles, and then the secondary filter 523 achieves deep fine filtration and purification of fine dust. This not only greatly improves the dust filtration efficiency and gas purification effect, but also fundamentally solves the industry pain point of dust diffusion pollution during photovoltaic panel dismantling, meets the environmental protection compliance requirements of industrial production, and can also effectively protect the downstream precision filter elements through graded filtration, significantly extending their service life and reducing equipment operation and maintenance costs.

[0085] The primary filtration device 522 includes a filter box 5221, a cone 5222 communicating with the lower end of the filter box 5221, and a first material bucket 5223 disposed at the bottom of the cone 5222. The filter box 5221 is connected to the recovery pipe 521, and the connection is located on the side of the filter box 5221 so that the incoming dust and air form a rotating airflow. The bottom of the cone 5222 has a discharge port, and the first material bucket 5223 is located below the discharge port.

[0086] The recovery pipe 521 is tangentially connected to the side wall of the filter box 5221, which allows the incoming dust-laden gas to form a rotating airflow along the inner wall of the box. The inner cavity of the cone-shaped body 5222 has a gradually narrowing structure from top to bottom, and a discharge port is opened at its bottom. The first material bucket 5223 is set directly opposite the discharge port to collect the separated dust.

[0087] Through the tangential air intake design, the dust-laden gas enters at high speed and forms a stable spiral downward swirling flow along the wall of the chamber. Relying on the strong centrifugal force generated by the rotation, large dust particles generated by the breakage of the photovoltaic glass are quickly thrown towards the inner wall of the chamber. After losing inertia, the dust slides down the wall surface and is further gathered by the tapered cone 5222 before falling into the first material bucket 5223 from the discharge port for collection. The preliminarily purified airflow then turns upward to form an internal swirling flow and is transported to the secondary filtration device 523. This not only achieves efficient pre-separation of large dust particles, but also avoids the scouring and clogging of the secondary precision filter cartridge by large dust particles from the source, and significantly reduces the filtration load of the secondary filtration device 523.

[0088] The primary filtration device 522 includes a star-shaped feed valve 5224 installed at the discharge port. The star-shaped feed valve 5224 at the discharge port of the primary filtration device 522 ensures continuous and stable feeding of large dust particles after cyclone separation to the first feed hopper 5223, while maintaining the airtightness of the filtration chamber throughout the process. This effectively prevents external air from entering the chamber, avoiding negative pressure loss and cyclone airflow turbulence caused by air leakage, ensuring stable separation efficiency and negative pressure suction effect of centrifugal dust removal, and eliminating dust overflow and reduced dust removal efficiency from the source. Furthermore, the continuous and uniform feeding action prevents dust from accumulating and getting stuck at the discharge port.

[0089] The secondary filtration device 523 also includes a cartridge dust collector 5231 and a second material bucket 5232 disposed below the cartridge dust collector 5231. The fan 5233 is used to draw dust into the cartridge dust collector 5231 for filtration. The secondary filtration device 523, through the structure of the cartridge dust collector 5231, the matching second material tank 5232 below it, and the negative pressure fan 5233, forms a two-stage series dust removal system with the front-end primary cyclone filter. Relying on the stable negative pressure generated by the fan 5233, the dust-laden gas after primary coarse filtration is drawn into the cartridge dust collector 5231, achieving deep and precise filtration of fine dust. This not only significantly improves the dust purification accuracy and overall dust removal efficiency, but also completely solves the industry pain point of fine dust spillage pollution in the photovoltaic panel glass breakage process, meeting the environmental protection compliance requirements of industrial production. Furthermore, the staged filtration effectively reduces the filtration load of the cartridges, significantly extends the service life of the cartridges, and reduces equipment operation and maintenance costs. At the same time, the fine dust separated by filtration can be uniformly collected in the second material tank 5232 for centralized treatment, avoiding secondary dust dispersion, and further improving the closed-loop dust control system.

[0090] The number of cartridge dust collectors 5231 is two, and the fan 5233 is connected to both cartridge dust collectors 5231. Both cartridge dust collectors 5231 are connected to the primary filtration equipment 522 through pneumatic air valves 5234. The design of the two cartridge dust collectors 5231 with the matching pneumatic air valves 5234 is a one-use-one-standby structure. By synchronously connecting the fan 5233 to the two cartridge dust collectors 5231 and connecting the two cartridge dust collectors 5231 to the primary filtration equipment 522 through the pneumatic air valves 5234, the two cartridge dust collectors 5231 can be alternately operated and rotated for standby by quickly switching on and off through the pneumatic air valves 5234. This not only allows for seamless switching to the other equipment for continuous operation when a single cartridge dust collector 5231 needs maintenance, cleaning, or replacement, but also completely avoids production line shutdowns caused by dust collection equipment maintenance.

[0091] The glass breaking conveyor belt 512 extends along the X direction, and the glass breaking assembly 514 includes a plurality of glass breaking blades 5141 and a glass breaking drive member 5142 for driving the plurality of glass breaking blades 5141 to rotate. The glass breaking blades 5141 pass through the support plate 513 along the Z direction, and the plurality of glass breaking blades 5141 are arranged along the Y direction, and the projections of any two adjacent glass breaking blades 5141 along the Y direction have an overlapping area. By cooperating with the glass-breaking conveyor belt 512 extending along the X direction and multiple sets of glass-breaking blades 5141 arranged in the Y direction, the photovoltaic panel can be continuously transported and simultaneously broken into glass. The glass-breaking blades 5141 pass through the support plate 513 along the Z direction, so that the glass-breaking blades 5141 can accurately act on the glass layer after the encapsulant film has softened, which greatly improves the uniformity of breaking and reduces blade wear. At the same time, the multiple sets of glass-breaking blades 5141 are arranged along the Y direction and the Y-direction projections of adjacent glass-breaking blades 5141 overlap, which can completely eliminate the breaking blind zone within the photovoltaic panel, achieve full and uniform breaking of the glass across the entire panel, significantly improve the glass removal rate, and reduce glass residue on the back panel. Even if there is a slight positional deviation during the photovoltaic panel transportation process, the blade rail can completely cover the photovoltaic panel, adapting to mainstream photovoltaic panel specifications on the market, further ensuring the quality of the dismantled finished product and the stability of the operation.

[0092] In addition, the glass breaker 5141 in this embodiment can move up and down via a threaded drive to handle glass of different thicknesses.

[0093] The number of glass-breaking blades 5141 is even, and half of the glass-breaking blades 5141 rotate in the opposite direction to the other half. This even-numbered number of glass-breaking blades 5141 employs a bidirectional reverse rotation structure design, where half rotate clockwise and half counterclockwise. This ensures that the photovoltaic panel glass layer receives a balanced cutting force during the breaking process, fundamentally avoiding the photovoltaic panel conveying deviation and uneven force problems easily caused by unidirectional rotating blades. It guarantees that the photovoltaic panel maintains a stable and centered conveying posture throughout the glass-breaking process, ensuring that the blade rail completely covers the entire surface of the photovoltaic panel, completely eliminating blind spots in the breaking process. Simultaneously, the bidirectional reverse cutting significantly improves the uniformity and thoroughness of glass layer breaking, significantly increases the glass removal rate, reduces glass residue on the back plate, and effectively reduces unilateral wear of the blades, extending their service life.

[0094] In this embodiment, there are four glass-breaking blades 5141 and two glass-breaking drive units 5142. The glass-breaking drive unit drives two adjacent glass-breaking blades 5141 to rotate via a transmission component. Using one glass-breaking drive unit 5142 to drive two glass-breaking blades 5141 can reduce the number of glass-breaking drive units 5142 and reduce costs.

[0095] The glass crusher 51 further includes two drive rollers 518 spaced apart along the X direction, a drive component 519 for driving the two drive rollers 518 to rotate, an upper support frame 5110, and a reset component 5111. The drive rollers 518, the drive belt, and the drive component 519 are disposed on the upper support frame 5110. The reset component 5111 includes a reset rod 51111, a reset spring 51112, and a reset abutment plate 51113. The reset rod 51111 is fixedly connected to the support plate 513 and passes through the upper support frame 5110. The reset abutment plate 51113 is located at the upper end of the reset rod 51111. The reset spring 51112 abuts against the upper support frame 5110 and the reset abutment plate 51113.

[0096] In addition, the glass crusher 51 also includes a support roller 5112, which is located below the transmission roller 518 and is fixedly arranged relative to the support plate 513.

[0097] In this embodiment, the transmission rollers 518 and transmission drive components 519 arranged at intervals along the X-direction cooperate with the upper support frame 5110 to form an upper conveying mechanism that can work in conjunction with the lower glass-breaking conveyor belt 512 to press the photovoltaic panels. This mechanism can stably press the photovoltaic panels onto the support plate 513, preventing the photovoltaic panels from shifting or deviating during the glass-breaking process, ensuring the cutting accuracy of the glass-breaking blade 5141 and the uniformity of glass breaking, and significantly improving the glass removal rate. Simultaneously, the reset component 5111 structure, composed of a reset rod 51111, a reset spring 51112, and a reset support plate 51113, relies on... The guiding and limiting function of the reset rod 51111 ensures that the upper support frame 5110 floats precisely up and down only in the Z direction. Combined with the elastic support of the reset spring 51112, the upper conveying mechanism can adaptively adapt to photovoltaic panels of different thicknesses and with slight warping deformation, always providing a stable and balanced pressing force to the photovoltaic panels. This avoids damage to the photovoltaic backsheet due to excessive pressing force and eliminates pressing failure caused by insufficient pressing force. Furthermore, the buffering and energy absorption characteristics of the reset spring 51112 can offset the vibration generated by the glass breaking operation, reduce equipment operating noise and component wear, and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0098] The photovoltaic panel dismantling line 100 also includes a control unit 6 and a gas supply station 7. The control unit 6, as the automated control center of the entire photovoltaic panel dismantling line 100, can centrally and programmatically coordinate and control the actuators of all processes, including photovoltaic panel gripping and conveying, frame removal, heating and softening, glass breaking, and dust recovery. It precisely matches the operating rhythm of each workstation, ensuring an efficient dismantling rhythm for the entire production line and fundamentally avoiding problems such as disconnections and conflicting actions between processes. Simultaneously, it can quickly adjust the action parameters and travel distance of each actuator according to different specifications of photovoltaic panels, significantly improving the equipment's compatibility and versatility with mainstream photovoltaic panel models on the market. Furthermore, the control unit 6 can monitor the equipment's operating status in real time, quickly triggering shutdown and alarm protection actions in case of material jams or mechanical abnormalities. This effectively reduces equipment failure losses and on-site operational safety risks, significantly improving the automation level, operational stability, and maintenance convenience of the entire dismantling line, and greatly reducing the frequency of manual intervention and the intensity of on-site operations.

[0099] The gas supply station 7 provides a stable, continuous, and pressure-adjustable compressed air source for all pneumatic actuators in the entire photovoltaic panel dismantling line 100, including the suction cup gripping device 12, various lifting / pushing cylinders, and pneumatic dust removal components. This ensures the responsiveness and execution accuracy of each pneumatic mechanism, guaranteeing the stable execution of core processes such as photovoltaic panel gripping and positioning, frame removal, material pushing, and dust collection. Furthermore, the centralized gas supply station 7 design replaces the decentralized independent gas supply scheme, allowing for unified control of gas source pressure and flow rate. This significantly reduces the energy consumption and operating costs of the equipment, simplifies the layout complexity of the gas source pipeline, and improves the reliability of equipment operation and ease of maintenance. In addition, the pressure-stabilized centralized gas supply design effectively avoids problems such as pneumatic mechanism failure and insufficient dismantling accuracy caused by air pressure fluctuations, providing a reliable gas source guarantee for the continuous, stable, and efficient operation of the entire dismantling line.

[0100] The photovoltaic panel conveying device 1, photovoltaic panel frame removal device 2, photovoltaic panel heating device 4, and glass breaking device 5 are arranged sequentially along the X direction, perfectly matching the dismantling process logic of conveying waste photovoltaic panels, removing frames, heating and softening the encapsulant film, and breaking and removing glass. This forms a linear and integrated full-process dismantling production line layout, which significantly shortens the conveying path of photovoltaic panels between processes, avoids efficiency losses caused by process reversals, perfectly matches the high-efficiency dismantling operation rhythm of two panels per minute on the production line, and achieves seamless connection and action coordination between each workstation, effectively balancing the previous dismantling process. The streamlined workflow between the frame assembly, subsequent heating, and glass breaking processes prevents photovoltaic panels from piling up, jamming, or idling at later workstations, ensuring continuous automated operation of the entire dismantling line. This linear layout significantly simplifies the overall production line structure and reduces equipment complexity, facilitating on-site installation, commissioning, and subsequent maintenance. It also provides a foundation for integrating the entire production line into a container for mobile operations, better adapting to the dismantling needs of outdoor photovoltaic power plants and further enhancing the equipment's adaptability and market competitiveness. The photovoltaic panel disassembly method of the present invention includes the following steps: S1: Provides a photovoltaic panel dismantling line 100; the linear integrated layout of the photovoltaic panel dismantling line 100 perfectly matches the process logic of photovoltaic panel dismantling, significantly shortening the inter-process transport path and laying the hardware foundation for continuous automated dismantling throughout the entire process; pre-completion of equipment debugging and parameter presets ensures that the dismantling line can quickly enter a stable operating state after startup, avoiding inter-process action conflicts and cycle time disconnection issues; the matching design of the centralized gas supply station 7 and control unit 6 not only ensures the action accuracy and response speed of each pneumatic mechanism, but also realizes the programmed control of the entire dismantling process, greatly reducing the frequency of manual intervention.

[0101] S2: The photovoltaic panels with the junction boxes removed are placed into the photovoltaic panel conveying device 1, which then sends them into the photovoltaic panel frame removal device 2. The waste photovoltaic panels that have undergone manual screening and junction box removal are lifted by a forklift to the loading station of the photovoltaic panel conveying device 1. The suction cup gripping device 12 on the frame 11 uses negative pressure to non-destructively adsorb and grip the photovoltaic panels, moving them in a straight line along the X-axis guide rail of the frame 11 to place them stably on the first transition conveyor belt. The first transition conveyor belt first completes the continuous loading cycle matching through the reserved loading buffer space, and then, according to the preset photovoltaic panel size parameters, completes the lateral centering calibration of the photovoltaic panels through the centering positioning mechanisms on both sides. Finally, the calibrated photovoltaic panels are accurately transported along the X-axis to the frame removal conveying track 21 of the photovoltaic panel frame removal device 2.

[0102] S3: The photovoltaic panel frame removal device 2 removes the frame of the photovoltaic panel; after the photovoltaic panel enters the frame removal conveyor track 21, it is continuously conveyed along the X direction to the frame removal station. The liftable stop 22 rises to the high working position, forming an X-axis axial stop on the photovoltaic panel, precisely limiting the conveying position of the photovoltaic panel; two sets of centering positioning components 23 set at intervals along the X direction act synchronously, and the centering calibration of the photovoltaic panel in the Y direction is completed by the opposite movement of the limit rod 232, ensuring that the photovoltaic panel is centered throughout the process; the lifting component 25 is started, and the photovoltaic panel is smoothly lifted from the conveyor track by the lifting plate 252. The photovoltaic panel is lifted to the dismantling height and secured. The four dismantling components 24 arranged around the photovoltaic panel operate step by step according to the preset logic. First, the short side frame of the photovoltaic panel in the X direction is held by the dismantling claw block and pulled outward to complete the dismantling of the short side frame and release the corner code limit. Then, the dismantling component 24 in the Y direction is driven to complete the pulling and dismantling of the long side frame. The dismantled frame is received in real time by the receiving plate 248 and pushed out by the pushing plate. It slides smoothly to the designated collection area through the frame conveyor belt and the inclined guide rod 254. The photovoltaic panel with the frame dismantled falls back to the conveyor track with the lifting component 25.

[0103] S4: The photovoltaic panel with its frame removed is sent into the photovoltaic panel heating device 4 for heating; the photovoltaic panel with its frame removed is smoothly transported by the second transition conveyor belt arranged along the X direction, realizing a seamless connection between the frame removal process and the heating process. The photovoltaic panel is sent into the sealed heating chamber 42 of the photovoltaic panel heating device 4 through the heating inlet 43; the heating element inside the chamber works continuously, and the heat insulation material on the inner wall keeps the inside of the chamber stable at the preset operating temperature. The photovoltaic panel passes through the heating chamber at a uniform speed with the heating conveyor belt 41, and is uniformly heated during the transportation process, so that the film between the glass and the solar cell is fully softened; the heated photovoltaic panel is sent out through the heating outlet 44 and directly into the subsequent glass crusher 51 through a short distance channel of 200-500mm.

[0104] S5: The heated photovoltaic panel is fed into the glass crusher 51 for glass crushing, while the dust collector 52 collects dust. The heated photovoltaic panel is directly fed into the glass crusher 51, where it is pressed and fixed by the upper and lower conveyor belts. Multiple sets of symmetrically arranged blades continuously and uniformly crush the glass layer of the photovoltaic panel, separating the glass layer from the softened film layer. The crushed glass shards slide down the inclined guide plate 253 inside the equipment to the lifting conveyor mechanism, and are collected into a special collection container, completing the separation of the glass from the photovoltaic backsheet.

[0105] The photovoltaic panel dismantling line 100 of this invention automates the entire process of photovoltaic panel frame removal, heating and softening, glass breaking, and dust recovery, replacing manual dismantling, significantly improving dismantling efficiency, and solving the problem of low efficiency in traditional dismantling. The coordinated operation of various devices reduces operational risks and secondary damage to the photovoltaic panels, improves operational stability and standardization, and is both environmentally friendly and safe. Its supporting glass breaking device 5 achieves efficient and uniform glass breaking through the cooperation of multiple components, increasing the glass removal rate, reducing losses, and ensuring smooth flow of glass shards to prevent accumulation. The protective cover 516 and the dust recovery machine 52 form a closed-loop system to solve the dust pollution problem. Its supporting photovoltaic panel frame removal device 2 achieves stable photovoltaic panel conveying and bidirectional precise positioning. Automated frame removal improves efficiency and integrity, avoids secondary damage, and achieves seamless connection between conveying, positioning, and frame removal, improving versatility and automation, and reducing the failure rate.

[0106] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0107] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic panel dismantling line for dismantling and removing the frame of a photovoltaic panel and the glass of a broken photovoltaic panel from its junction box, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel dismantling line includes: A photovoltaic panel conveying device is used to grab photovoltaic panels and convey them to the next workstation; A photovoltaic panel frame removal device is used to remove the frame of a photovoltaic panel. A photovoltaic panel heating device is used to heat photovoltaic panels. The glass crushing device includes a glass crusher and a dust recovery machine. The glass crusher is used to crush and remove glass from photovoltaic panels, and the dust recovery machine is used to recover the dust generated during the glass crushing process.

2. The photovoltaic panel dismantling line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel conveying device includes a frame extending in the X direction, a gripping device disposed on the frame for adsorbing and gripping photovoltaic panels, and a first transition conveyor belt that drives in the X direction. The gripping device is used to grip the photovoltaic panels, move them in the X direction, and place them on the first transition conveyor belt.

3. The photovoltaic panel dismantling line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel frame removal device includes a frame removal conveying track extending along the X direction, a removal component for removing the frame from the photovoltaic panel, and a photovoltaic panel conveying device for sending the photovoltaic panel to the frame removal conveying track.

4. The photovoltaic panel dismantling line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel dismantling line also includes a second transition conveyor belt disposed between the photovoltaic panel frame removal device and the photovoltaic panel heating device, the second transition conveyor belt extending along the X direction.

5. The photovoltaic panel dismantling line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel heating device includes a heating conveyor belt, a heating box covering the heating conveyor belt, and a heating element disposed inside the heating box. The heating element works to increase the temperature inside the heating box. The heating box has a heating inlet at one end facing the photovoltaic panel frame removal device and a heating outlet at the other end away from the photovoltaic panel frame removal device.

6. The photovoltaic panel dismantling line according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall of the heating chamber is lined with heat-insulating material.

7. The photovoltaic panel dismantling line according to claim 5, characterized in that: The distance between the heating outlet and the glass crusher is in the range of 200-500mm.

8. The photovoltaic panel dismantling line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel dismantling line also includes a control unit and a gas supply station.

9. The photovoltaic panel dismantling line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel conveying device, photovoltaic panel frame removal device, photovoltaic panel heating device, and glass breaking device are arranged sequentially along the X direction.

10. A method for dismantling photovoltaic panels, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel disassembly method includes the following steps: S1: Provide a photovoltaic panel dismantling line as described in any one of claims 1-9; S2: Place the photovoltaic panel with the junction box removed into the photovoltaic panel conveying device, and the photovoltaic panel conveying device will send the photovoltaic panel into the photovoltaic panel frame removal device. S3: Photovoltaic panel frame removal device removes the frame of the photovoltaic panel; S4: Send the photovoltaic panel with the frame removed into the photovoltaic panel heating device for heating; S5: The heated photovoltaic panels are fed into the glass crusher for glass crushing, while the dust collection machine collects dust at the same time.

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