Recycling treatment method for scrapped batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a recovery treatment method of a scrapped battery. The method comprises the following steps: S1, crushing the battery into fragments in a nitrogen circulation state; s2, enabling the crushed battery fragments to enter a cracking furnace body for cracking; s3, tail gas generated by high-temperature cracking enters a physical filtering device through a front exhaust pipe of a front exhaust assembly to be subjected to particulate matter filtering; s4, the tail gas filtered by the physical filtering device passes through a flame-retardant container and then is discharged into a pyrolysis gas combustion furnace for combustion; s5, a mixture of positive and negative electrode fragments, metal particles and black powder in the cracked product is conveyed into a feeding fan of a front-end processing structure, and the positive and negative electrode fragments are smashed through the feeding fan; s6, the crushed materials are subjected to two times of sorting and two times of color sorting; and S7, components obtained after color sorting are subjected to drum screen and cyclone separation again, separated particles enter different gravity selectors to be screened again, different products are obtained, and various battery decomposition products with the high yield can be obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery recycling, and in particular to a method for recycling and processing end-of-life batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Battery recycling is a rapidly emerging strategic industry. Recycling not only prevents harmful substances from batteries from entering the environment, but also extracts metals from waste batteries, which is more energy-efficient, cost-effective, and less polluting than mining and smelting from ore. Existing battery recycling methods include direct crushing and step dismantling. Step dismantling separates the parts step by step, but it is more expensive. Direct crushing, on the other hand, directly puts the battery into a crusher to crush it, and then processes and screens the crushed battery fragments. The latter is much less expensive than the former.

[0003] Traditional direct crushing methods first crush the battery into battery fragments, then pyrolyze the fragments. The pyrolyzed fragments are then sorted into different products. However, this process is prone to the following problems: 1. Nitrogen protection is used during crushing, but some of the pressurized nitrogen is easily lost with the feed and discharge, resulting in energy waste and the gas being somewhat polluting, requiring proper handling; 2. The exhaust gas from pyrolysis is prone to liquefaction due to a sudden drop in temperature, and the chlorine in the liquefied gas can contaminate the products, affecting their purity; 3. If the battery fragments are not crushed a second time during sorting, air and color separation becomes more difficult. If they are crushed a second time, the particles in the fragments are broken down into smaller pieces, making separation even more difficult.

[0004] Therefore, this case aims to provide a method for recycling and processing waste batteries, which can not only accelerate the circulation of nitrogen during the crushing process and properly treat the exhaust gas, but also exhaust the gas from the front end during pyrolysis to ensure the purity of the pyrolysis products, and can separately crush the flaky parts in the battery fragments to ensure the sorting effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method for recycling and processing waste batteries, which can effectively solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] This invention is implemented as follows: A method for recycling and processing end-of-life batteries, comprising: S1: The battery is fed into the high-speed shredder of the battery crushing structure via the climbing conveyor belt and crushed into battery fragments. During the crushing process, the pressurized nitrogen is guided by the pressurization guide and then circulates rapidly in the nitrogen circulation structure and the high-speed shredder. The exhaust gas generated by the high-speed shredder is precipitated in the sedimentation separation structure through the upper exhaust gas duct and connected to the burner. S2: The broken battery fragments are fed into the pyrolysis furnace through the feeding device under the transmission of the external feeding mechanism. The material is conveyed from the feeding end to the discharge end of the pyrolysis furnace for high-temperature oxygen-free pyrolysis, and then collected and discharged through the pyrolysis furnace. S3: The tail gas generated by high-temperature pyrolysis enters the physical filter device through the front exhaust pipe of the front exhaust assembly for particulate matter filtration. S4: The exhaust gas filtered by the physical filtration device passes through the flame-retardant container and is then discharged into the pyrolysis gas combustion furnace for combustion. When the combustion flame of the pyrolysis gas combustion furnace extends in the opposite direction into the interior of the flame-retardant container, the pulling component is burned off, and the closing plate forms a seal on the air inlet of the flame-retardant container under the elastic force of the elastic element. S5: The mixture of positive and negative electrode fragments, metal particles and black powder in the pyrolysis products is conveyed to the feeding fan of the front-end processing structure, and the positive and negative electrode fragments are crushed by the feeding fan. S6: The crushed material is fed into the first drum screen for separation. A portion of the black powder is screened out to obtain the remaining first product. The first product is fed into the first screening unit for the first air classification. The light components obtained after air classification are separated by vibration and then undergo the first color classification. The heavy components obtained after color classification are fed into the second screening unit for the second air classification. The light components obtained after air classification are separated by vibration and then undergo the second color classification. S7: The recombinant components after color sorting are fed into the second drum screen through the back-end processing structure. The black powder with a smaller particle size is screened out by the second drum screen. The remaining second product is graded by the third cyclone separator and then falls into the swing screen for separation. The separated particles are sent to different gravity separators for further screening to obtain different products.

[0007] As a further improvement, the discharge end of the climbing conveyor belt is connected to a battery crushing structure. A tail gas treatment device is provided on the top of the battery crushing structure. The upper and lower ends of the battery crushing structure are provided with inlet and outlet closed structures. The battery crushing structure includes a high-speed shredder and a nitrogen circulation structure provided on the side of the high-speed shredder. A pressurizing guide is provided at the upper and lower ends inside the high-speed shredder. The pressurized nitrogen is guided by the pressurizing guide and then circulates rapidly in the nitrogen circulation structure and the high-speed shredder. The tail gas treatment device includes an upper tail gas duct and a sedimentation separation structure provided at the upper end of the upper connecting cylinder. The tail gas generated by the high-speed shredder is precipitated in the sedimentation separation structure through the upper tail gas duct and then connected to the burner.

[0008] As a further improvement, it also includes a pyrolysis kiln, comprising a pyrolysis furnace body with a feed channel, a collection container connected to the discharge end of the pyrolysis furnace body; a front exhaust assembly, comprising an exhaust pipe connected to the exhaust port of the feed channel, the exhaust pipe being connected to the inlet end of a corresponding physical filter device, the outlet end of the physical filter device being connected to the inlet end of a corresponding flame-retardant container, the outlet end of the flame-retardant container being connected to the inlet end of a corresponding pyrolysis gas combustion furnace; a corresponding closing plate is provided on the outside of the inlet end of the flame-retardant container by a corresponding elastic element, the side of the closing plate not connected to the elastic element being pulled to the outlet end of the flame-retardant container by a traction assembly made of combustible material, the elastic element being set in a tensioned state.

[0009] As a further improvement, the front-end sorting unit includes a front-end processing structure for conveying a mixture of positive and negative electrode fragments, metal particles, and black powder. The front-end processing structure breaks down the positive and negative electrode fragments during the conveying process. The front-end processing structure is sequentially connected to a first drum screen, a first screening unit, and a second screening unit. The rear-end sorting unit includes a rear-end processing structure connected to the second screening unit. The rear-end processing structure is sequentially connected to a second drum screen, a third cyclone separator, a gyratory screen, and a gravity separator.

[0010] As a further improvement, an upper connecting cylinder is installed at the upper end of the high-speed shredder, and a lower connecting cylinder is installed at the lower end of the high-speed shredder. The pressurizing guide includes an annular separation hood disposed on the upper and lower connecting cylinders. The annular separation hood is connected to an external air passage. A sealing plate is connected to the inner side of the annular separation hood, and a connecting plate is disposed between the sealing plates. When the battery is fed, the sealing plate hangs down naturally. When the high-speed shredder is crushed, the sealing plate is inflated and connected by the connecting plate to form a sealing surface guide. A guide plate is disposed on the side of the annular separation hood away from the upper and lower connecting cylinders.

[0011] As a further improvement, the sedimentation separation structure includes an extension pipeline connected to a processor. The end of the extension pipeline is connected to a rotary sedimentator. The outlet of the rotary sedimentator is connected to a tail gas acceleration structure. The tail gas acceleration structure outputs to a lower sedimentator. After sedimentation in the lower sedimentator, the tail gas is connected to a burner via a combustion pipeline. The rotary sedimentator includes a first deflection section connected to the extension pipeline. The lower end of the first deflection section is connected to a sedimentation section. The outlet of the sedimentation section is connected to a second deflection section, which is connected to the tail gas acceleration structure. The lower end of the sedimentation section is connected to a sediment discharge pipe. The discharge pipe is controlled by a discharge valve. The exhaust gas speed-up structure includes a fan mounting bracket, on which a fan mounting base is provided. An exhaust gas speed-up fan is provided on the fan mounting base. The outlet end of the rotary settler is inserted into the inlet end of the exhaust gas speed-up fan. The outlet end of the exhaust gas speed-up fan is inserted into the lower settler. The lower settler includes a lower settler cylinder provided on the fan mounting bracket. The lower half of the outer circumference of the lower settler cylinder is connected to a settler output pipe. An inclined guide plate is provided inside the lower settler cylinder. The inclined guide plate has several holes. The bottom of the inclined guide plate is flush with the inlet end of the settler output pipe.

[0012] As a further improvement, the nitrogen circulation structure includes a first circulation pipe disposed on the side of the upper connecting cylinder, and a second circulation pipe is laterally connected to the lower connecting cylinder. The first circulation pipe and the second circulation pipe are connected by a circulation connecting pipe, and the angle between the first circulation pipe, the second circulation pipe and the horizontal plane is 120° to 150°.

[0013] As a further improvement, the pulling assembly consists of several small-diameter pulling ropes arranged in a circular array. One end of each small-diameter pulling rope is fixed to the back of the closing plate, and the other end is fixed to the gas outlet of the flame-retardant container. The small-diameter pulling ropes pass through fixing holes on the outer side of the corresponding circular plates. When the flame from the pyrolysis gas combustion furnace extends in the reverse direction into the interior of the flame-retardant container, the pulling assembly is burned off. The closing plate, driven by the elastic force of the elastic element, seals the gas inlet of the flame-retardant container. An oil trap is installed on the exhaust pipe for collecting and returning oil to the exhaust pipe. Oil particles in the gas are captured and transported to the feed channel for further pyrolysis. The exhaust pipe includes a horizontal exhaust section, the two ends of which are connected to the exhaust port of the feed channel and the air inlet of the physical filter device through corresponding conduits. The oil collector includes an oil-collecting spiral plate rotatably disposed in the horizontal exhaust section of the exhaust pipe. The oil-collecting spiral plate is driven to the output shaft of a corresponding drive motor through a corresponding transmission shaft. Multiple inclined tilting plates for pushing materials from the feed end to the discharge end are evenly distributed inside the pyrolysis furnace. The pyrolysis furnace is driven by a corresponding furnace drive mechanism.

[0014] As a further improvement, the front-end processing structure is identical to the back-end processing structure. The front-end processing structure includes a feeding fan connected to a cooler. The discharge end of the feeding fan is connected to a feeding duct. The feeding fan includes a central rotating shaft, on which several feeding fan seats are embedded. Weight sensing structures are provided on the feeding fan blades. A mounting cage is provided inside the feeding duct, and several outward-extending power components are provided inside the mounting cage. The outward-extending power components are connected to several slitting parts, and when the outward-extending power components are activated, the radiation range of the slitting parts changes.

[0015] As a further improvement, the cage frame includes an upper cage plate and a lower cage plate disposed inside the feeding air duct. An inner frame is connected between the upper cage plate and the lower cage plate. Several outward-extending power components are embedded in the inner frame. Each outward-extending power component includes an outward-extending push rod embedded inside the inner frame. A lower tensioning disc is provided on the output end of the outward-extending push rod. Several tensioning heads are provided on the lower tensioning disc. The tensioning heads slide up and down in the rib grooves on the side of the inner frame. The splitting component includes a tension spring connected to the tensioning head. A splitting blade is connected to the lower end of the spring. Several cutting barbs are provided on the splitting blade.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: Existing exhaust gases actually contain some flammable oily substances. If these gases are drawn into the combustion equipment, they may cause the equipment to explode. If the explosion is too violent, it can easily cause an accident. Therefore, this invention uses a sedimentation separation structure. First, the processor intercepts the solid particles in the exhaust gas. Then, the exhaust gas speed-up structure draws the remaining exhaust gas to a rotary settler, where the oily substances settle in the bend area of ​​the rotary settler. After secondary sedimentation in the lower settler, most of the oily substances in the gas are removed, thus reducing the amount of oily substances in the gas entering the burner and making it safer.

[0017] Some existing equipment circulates nitrogen to reduce nitrogen input costs. However, nitrogen still leaks from the feed and power output points, making it difficult to reduce nitrogen usage costs. Therefore, this invention addresses this issue with a circulating sealing structure. First, a pressurized nitrogen circulation structure is installed at the upper and lower connecting cylinders, allowing nitrogen to circulate under pressure within the high-speed shredder. Since the nitrogen is pressurized, it is prone to leaking from the power installation port of the high-speed shredder. Therefore, this invention also includes a mechanical seal at the insertion port of the high-speed shredder to seal this location. Even if pressurized nitrogen leaks when flowing through this location, the leakage is extremely small and negligible relative to the total amount.

[0018] During the nitrogen pressurization process, if nitrogen is directly introduced to the upper and lower connecting cylinders, although the inlet and outlet sealed structure will prevent leakage, once the inlet and outlet sealed structure is opened for feeding or discharging, this gas will still rush into the partition of the inlet and outlet sealed structure. Therefore, the present invention, through the setting of the pressurization guide, can form a sealed guide surface during the crushing stage, and can be pushed open by the gravity of the battery during feeding. This allows nitrogen to avoid a portion of the gas entering the upper and lower connecting cylinders during the high-pressure self-circulation process, forming a better gas isolation environment, improving the nitrogen retention rate, and not hindering the normal feeding of the battery.

[0019] The pre-exhaust assembly of the present invention includes an exhaust pipe connected to an exhaust port of the feed channel. The exhaust pipe is connected to the inlet of a physical filter device, the outlet of the physical filter device is connected to the inlet of a corresponding flame-retardant container, and the outlet of the flame-retardant container is connected to the inlet of a corresponding pyrolysis gas combustion furnace. By setting the flame-retardant container, a spatial isolation is effectively formed when an open flame propagates towards the exhaust end, thereby reducing the further forward propagation of the open flame and improving the safety of exhaust gas treatment.

[0020] Most importantly, this invention further incorporates a closing plate on the outside of the gas inlet of the flame-retardant container via an elastic element. The side of the closing plate not connected to the elastic element is fixedly connected to the gas outlet of the flame-retardant container via a combustible tensioning assembly, thus keeping the elastic element in a tensioned state. When the combustion flame from the pyrolysis gas furnace extends backward into the interior of the flame-retardant container, the combustible tensioning assembly will burn out, causing the closing plate to seal the gas inlet of the flame-retardant container under the elastic force of the elastic element. This further completely isolates any backflowing open flame, enabling the pre-emission of pyrolysis tail gas while ensuring the safety of tail gas treatment. This effectively reduces the amount of volatile substances mixed in with the pyrolysis material, thereby helping to improve the purity of subsequent metal resource recovery.

[0021] While existing technologies employ secondary crushing to reduce the size of positive and negative electrode fragments, they also easily result in the simultaneous crushing of metallic materials into very small pieces. This can lead to the mixing of metal particles with black powder during subsequent drum screen screening, making separation impossible and directly reducing the purity of various products. Therefore, this invention addresses this issue by incorporating front-end and back-end processing structures at the front and rear of the pre- and post-sorting units. During feeding, only the positive and negative electrode sheets and separator of the battery are crushed, without affecting metal particles and black powder. This allows for more accurate identification of the positive and negative electrode sheets and separator during subsequent color sorting, improving the screening effect of these materials and ultimately increasing the recovery rate of the positive and negative electrode materials.

[0022] During battery sorting, because the batteries are directly pulverized, all materials in the battery are mixed together, making sorting difficult. Therefore, this invention divides the entire sorting process into a pre-sorting unit and a post-sorting unit. In the pre-sorting unit, the battery is first screened by a first drum screen. The product obtained after drum screening is then air-separated and color-separated by a first screening unit and a second screening unit to separate the diaphragm sheets and positive and negative electrode sheets. The black powder and metals obtained after passing through the first and second screening units then enter the post-sorting unit for a second drum screen. After drum screening, the material is then conveyed to a gyratory screen for further sieving. The sieved material then enters different gravity separators for vibration separation, separating the black powder from various metals due to their different densities, thereby achieving the separation of different solid particles. Through a two-stage sorting method, the sheet-like structure and solid particles are separated and screened separately, maximizing the sorting efficiency of various materials and achieving thorough separation with significant recycling value.

[0023] During the first and second screening units, the battery fragments have already been broken down into smaller pieces by the front-end and back-end processing structures. Since the weight of the black powder and metal particles is significantly different from that of the positive and negative electrode and separator fragments, the material after being broken down by the front-end and back-end processing structures will first undergo color sorting to select the positive and negative electrode and separator fragments. The positive and negative electrode and separator fragments will then undergo color sorting again to separate the fragmented substances in the material. This not only improves the purity of these substances but also improves the purity of the particulate material at the back end. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the multi-stage battery crushing device of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a top view schematic diagram of the multi-stage battery crushing device of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is the present invention. Figure 4 Cross-sectional view at point CC.

[0030] Figure 6 This is the present invention. Figure 5 A magnified view of region A in the middle.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the exhaust gas treatment device of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a rear view schematic diagram of the exhaust gas treatment device of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the rotary sedimentation tank of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 10 This is a top view of the rotary sedimentation tank of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 11 This is the present invention. Figure 10 Cross-sectional view at point AA.

[0036] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the battery breakage structure of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 13 This is a front view schematic diagram of the battery breakage structure of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 14 This is a top view schematic diagram of the battery breakage structure of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 15 This is the present invention. Figure 14 Cross-sectional view at point BB.

[0040] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the exhaust gas treatment device of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 17 This is a diagram showing the usage status of the exhaust gas treatment device of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the flame-retardant mechanism of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the oil sludge collector of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 20 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the battery fragment sorting system of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 21 This is a front view structural diagram of the battery fragment sorting system of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 22 This is a rear view schematic diagram of the battery fragment sorting system of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the front-end processing structure of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 24 This is the present invention. Figure 23 A top-view structural diagram.

[0049] Figure 25 This is the present invention. Figure 24 Cross-sectional view at point BB.

[0050] Figure 26 This is the present invention. Figure 25 A magnified view of region A in the middle.

[0051] In the picture: Detailed Implementation All embodiments of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] In the description of this invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating that the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of the method are clearer. The technical solutions in the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort indicate or imply the relative importance of the indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0053] Reference Figure 1 As shown, a method for recycling and processing waste batteries includes: S1: The battery is fed into the high-speed shredder of the battery crushing structure via the climbing conveyor belt and crushed into battery fragments. During the crushing process, the pressurized nitrogen is guided by the pressurization guide and then circulates rapidly in the nitrogen circulation structure and the high-speed shredder. The exhaust gas generated by the high-speed shredder is precipitated in the sedimentation separation structure through the upper exhaust gas duct and connected to the burner. S2: The broken battery fragments are fed into the pyrolysis furnace through the feeding device under the transmission of the external feeding mechanism. The material is conveyed from the feeding end to the discharge end of the pyrolysis furnace for high-temperature oxygen-free pyrolysis, and then collected and discharged through the pyrolysis furnace. S3: The tail gas generated by high-temperature pyrolysis enters the physical filter device through the front exhaust pipe of the front exhaust assembly for particulate matter filtration. S4: The exhaust gas filtered by the physical filtration device passes through the flame-retardant container and is then discharged into the pyrolysis gas combustion furnace for combustion. When the combustion flame of the pyrolysis gas combustion furnace extends in the opposite direction into the interior of the flame-retardant container, the pulling component is burned off, and the closing plate forms a seal on the air inlet of the flame-retardant container under the elastic force of the elastic element. S5: The mixture of positive and negative electrode fragments, metal particles and black powder in the pyrolysis products is conveyed to the feeding fan of the front-end processing structure, and the positive and negative electrode fragments are crushed by the feeding fan. S6: The crushed material is fed into the first drum screen for separation. A portion of the black powder is screened out to obtain the remaining first product. The first product is fed into the first screening unit for the first air classification. The light components obtained after air classification are separated by vibration and then undergo the first color classification. The heavy components obtained after color classification are fed into the second screening unit for the second air classification. The light components obtained after air classification are separated by vibration and then undergo the second color classification. S7: The recombinant components after color sorting are fed into the second drum screen through the back-end processing structure. The black powder with a smaller particle size is screened out by the second drum screen. The remaining second product is graded by the third cyclone separator and then falls into the swing screen for separation. The separated particles are sent to different gravity separators for further screening to obtain different products.

[0054] The above method is implemented through a waste battery recycling and processing system. For details, please refer to... Figures 2 to 26 As shown, a waste battery recycling system comprises three parts: a multi-stage battery crushing device, a pre-exhaust gas treatment device, and a battery fragment sorting system, as detailed below: A multi-stage battery crushing device includes: a climbing conveyor belt 31, the discharge end of which is connected to a battery crushing structure; a tail gas treatment device is installed at the top of the battery crushing structure; and inlet and outlet sealing structures 32 are provided at the upper and lower ends of the battery crushing structure. The battery crushing structure includes a high-speed shredder 22 mounted on a crusher unit mounting frame 21; an upper connecting cylinder 23 is installed at the upper end of the high-speed shredder 22; a lower connecting cylinder 24 is installed at the lower end of the high-speed shredder 22; the upper end of the upper connecting cylinder 23 is connected to a feeding mechanism; a circulating sealing structure includes a nitrogen circulation structure 261 disposed between the upper connecting cylinder 23 and the lower connecting cylinder 24; and a mechanical seal seat 262 is provided on the insertion port. The high-speed shredder 22 has a pressurizing guide 263 at its upper and lower ends. The pressurized nitrogen gas is guided by the pressurizing guide 263 and then circulates rapidly in the nitrogen gas circulation structure 261. The exhaust gas treatment device includes an upper exhaust gas duct 10 located at the upper end of the upper connecting cylinder 23. The upper exhaust gas duct 10 is connected to a processor 11. The sedimentation separation structure 12 includes an extension pipe 121 connected to the processor 11. The end of the extension pipe 121 is connected to a rotary sedimentator 122. The outlet end of the rotary sedimentator 122 is connected to an exhaust gas acceleration structure 123. The exhaust gas acceleration structure 123 outputs to a lower sedimentator 124. After sedimentation in the lower sedimentator 124, the exhaust gas is connected to a burner through a combustion pipe.

[0055] Existing exhaust gases actually contain some flammable oily substances, which may cause the combustion equipment to explode after being drawn into it. If the explosion is too violent, it can easily cause an accident. Therefore, the present invention uses a sedimentation separation structure 12, which first intercepts the solid particles in the exhaust gas through the processor 11, and then draws the remaining exhaust gas to the rotary settler 122 through the exhaust gas speed-up structure 123, so that the oily substances are settled in the bending area of ​​the rotary settler 122. After secondary sedimentation in the lower settler 124, most of the oily substances in the gas are removed, so that the gas entering the burner contains less oily substances and is safer.

[0056] Some existing equipment circulates nitrogen to reduce nitrogen input costs, but nitrogen still leaks from the feed and power output points, making it difficult to reduce nitrogen usage costs. Therefore, this invention, through a circulatory sealing structure, firstly, sets up a pressurized nitrogen circulation structure 261 at the positions of the upper connecting cylinder 23 and the lower connecting cylinder 24, allowing nitrogen to circulate continuously under pressure in the high-speed shredder 22. Since the nitrogen is pressurized, it is prone to leaking from the power installation port of the high-speed shredder 22. Therefore, this invention also sets up a mechanical seal seat 262 at the insertion port of the high-speed shredder 22 to seal this position. Even if the pressurized nitrogen leaks when flowing through this position, the leakage amount is very small and can be almost negligible relative to the total amount.

[0057] The present invention provides an inlet and outlet sealing structure 32 at the feeding and discharging positions, which can seal the isolation chambers at the feeding and discharging positions respectively through the double slide valve 321 and the flap valve 322, thereby preventing gas from leaking into the outside area during feeding and discharging, thus ensuring the internal sealing effect.

[0058] During the nitrogen pressurization process, if nitrogen is directly introduced to the upper connecting cylinder 23 and the lower connecting cylinder 24, although there is no leakage due to the inlet and outlet sealing structure 32, once the inlet and outlet sealing structure 32 is opened for feeding or discharging, this gas will still rush into the partition of the inlet and outlet sealing structure 32. Therefore, the present invention, through the setting of the pressurization guide 263, can form a sealed guide surface during the crushing stage, and can be pushed open by the gravity of the battery during feeding. This allows nitrogen to avoid a portion of the gas from entering the upper connecting cylinder 23 and the lower connecting cylinder 24 during the high-pressure self-circulation process, forming a better gas isolation environment, improving the nitrogen retention rate, and not hindering the normal feeding of the battery.

[0059] The pressurizing guide 263 is located in the middle section between the upper connecting cylinder 23 and the lower connecting cylinder 24. Specifically, the pressurizing guide 263 includes an annular separation cover 2631 disposed on the upper connecting cylinder 23 and the lower connecting cylinder 24. The annular separation cover 2631 is connected to an external air passage. A sealing plate 2632 is connected to the inner side of the annular separation cover 2631. A connecting plate 2633 is disposed between the sealing plates 2632. When the battery is fed, the sealing plate 2632 hangs down naturally. When the high-speed shredder 22 crushes the battery, the sealing plate 2632 is inflated and... The connecting piece 2633 forms a sealing guide, which not only allows space for the upper connecting cylinder 23 and the lower connecting cylinder 24 to install the first circulation pipe 2611 and the second circulation pipe 2612, but also seals the position of the upper connecting cylinder 23 and the lower connecting cylinder 24 above the circulation pipe. After the nitrogen is introduced, it can circulate quickly without any stagnation, maintaining a high-speed circulation state. The connecting piece 2633 is a magnetic piece. The attraction force generated between adjacent connecting pieces 2633 can resist the impact of nitrogen circulation, but can be separated when squeezed by the battery.

[0060] Existing exhaust gases actually contain some flammable oily substances, which may cause the combustion equipment to explode after being drawn into it. If the explosion is too violent, it can easily cause an accident. Therefore, the present invention uses a sedimentation separation structure 12, which first intercepts the solid particles in the exhaust gas through the processor 11, and then draws the remaining exhaust gas to the rotary settler 122 through the exhaust gas speed-up structure 123, so that the oily substances are settled in the bending area of ​​the rotary settler 122. After secondary sedimentation in the lower settler 124, most of the oily substances in the gas are removed, so that the gas entering the burner contains less oily substances and is safer.

[0061] In this embodiment, the processor 11 is a bag filter.

[0062] When a bag filter is used for filtration, particles will be trapped in the filter bag, and the filter bag will become clogged after continuous use. Therefore, the upper exhaust gas duct 10 of this embodiment includes an upper guide pipe 101 connected to the battery crushing device. The bottom of the upper guide pipe 101 extends to the top of the processor 11, and a backflush pipe 102 is connected to the middle section of the upper guide pipe 101. After a period of use, the backflush pipe 102 in the upper exhaust gas duct 10 will back-suction the inside of the processor 11, thereby extracting the particles on the filter bag. The internal cleaning can be achieved without disassembling the equipment.

[0063] Although the bag filter filters solid particulate matter, other oily substances in the exhaust gas cannot be effectively treated. Therefore, the rotary settler 122 in this embodiment includes a first turning section 1221 connected to the extension pipe 121. The lower end of the first turning section 1221 is connected to a settling section 1222. The outlet of the settling section 1222 is connected to a second turning section 1223. The second turning section 1223 is connected to the exhaust gas speed-up structure 123. The rotary settler 122 is set at the end of the extension pipe 121. The first turning section 1221, the settling section 1222, and the second turning section 1223 are combined to form a U-shaped pipe structure, forming a water trap structure, allowing oily substances to accumulate at the bottom of the U-shaped pipe, while the gas continues to pass through, thereby allowing the oily substances in the electrolyte to settle at this position, improving the safety of the downstream.

[0064] In order to allow the material deposited in the sedimentation section 1222 to be discharged smoothly, a sedimentation discharge pipe 1224 is connected to the lower end of the sedimentation section 1222 in this embodiment. The sedimentation discharge pipe 1224 is controlled by a discharge valve 1225, which can periodically output the precipitated electrolyte for separate processing.

[0065] To ensure the exhaust gas passes through the device quickly and prevents more substances from accumulating inside the pipe during slow passage, the exhaust gas acceleration structure 123 in this embodiment includes a fan mounting bracket 1231. A fan mounting base 1232 is provided on the fan mounting bracket 1231, and an exhaust gas acceleration fan 1233 is provided on the fan mounting base 1232. The outlet end of the rotary settler 122 is connected to the inlet end of the exhaust gas acceleration fan 1233, and the outlet end of the exhaust gas acceleration fan 1233 is embedded in the lower settler 124. The exhaust gas acceleration fan 1233 is located at the rear end of the rotary settler 122. The exhaust gas acceleration fan 1233 accelerates the separated exhaust gas, allowing it to quickly reach the burner. Furthermore, the oily substances flowing down after the exhaust gas acceleration fan 1233 stops will flow back into the U-shaped tube structure of the rotary settler 122, thus forming a virtuous cycle.

[0066] The exhaust gas speed-increasing fan 1233 should not be directly connected to the burner, otherwise it will be easily affected. Therefore, the lower sedimentation tank 124 in this embodiment includes a lower sedimentation cylinder 1241 set on the fan mounting bracket 1231. The lower half of the outer periphery of the lower sedimentation cylinder 1241 is connected to a sedimentation tank output pipe 1242, which can be used for over-isolation.

[0067] If a second sedimentation is performed at the lower sedimentation cylinder 1241, the sedimentation effect of liquid substances in the exhaust gas will be more easily improved. Therefore, in this embodiment, an inclined guide plate 1243 is provided inside the lower sedimentation cylinder 1241. The inclined guide plate 1243 has several holes. The bottom of the inclined guide plate 1243 is flush with the air inlet end of the sedimentator output pipe 1242. The downward-rushing exhaust gas will first come into contact with the inclined guide plate 1243, and the liquid sediment will accumulate at the bottom, while the gas will be discharged from the sedimentator output pipe 1242, thus achieving secondary sedimentation.

[0068] Some existing equipment circulates nitrogen to reduce nitrogen input costs. However, nitrogen still leaks from the feed and power output points, making it difficult to reduce nitrogen usage costs. Therefore, this embodiment uses a circulating sealing structure. First, a pressurized nitrogen circulation structure 261 is set at the positions of the upper connecting cylinder 23 and the lower connecting cylinder 24, allowing nitrogen to circulate continuously under pressure in the high-speed shredder 22. Since the nitrogen is pressurized, it is easy for it to leak from the power installation port of the high-speed shredder 22. Therefore, this embodiment also sets a mechanical seal seat 262 at the insertion port of the high-speed shredder 22 to seal this position. Even if the pressurized nitrogen leaks when flowing through this position, the leakage amount is very small and can be almost negligible relative to the total amount.

[0069] Furthermore, the nitrogen circulation structure 261 includes a first circulation pipe 2611 disposed on the side of the upper connecting cylinder 23, and a second circulation pipe 2612 disposed on the side of the lower connecting cylinder 24. The first circulation pipe 2611 and the second circulation pipe 2612 are connected by a circulation connecting pipe 2613, so that the upwardly overflowing nitrogen and some harmful gases can be drawn into the circulation connecting pipe 2613 through the first circulation pipe 2611, and then transported back to the lower connecting cylinder 24 and into the high-speed shredder 22 through the second circulation pipe 2612, thereby realizing the circulation of nitrogen.

[0070] Furthermore, the angle between the first circulation pipe 2611, the second circulation pipe 2612 and the horizontal plane is 120° to 150°, so that some of the fluid or particulate matter entrained in the gas can flow back into the upper connecting cylinder 23 and the lower connecting cylinder 24.

[0071] Furthermore, the crushing drive device 25 includes a reducer 251 mounted on the crusher unit mounting frame 21. The reducer 251 is connected to an output wheel 252 via a belt. The output wheel 252 is connected to a high-speed rotating shaft 253 that passes through the high-speed shredder 22. The reducer 251 drives the output wheel 252 to rotate, which in turn drives the high-speed rotating shaft 253 to rotate, thereby enabling the crushing roller mounted on the high-speed rotating shaft 253 to crush the battery.

[0072] Since the high-speed rotating shaft 253 passes through the high-speed shredder 22, it will inevitably leave some space. Therefore, the mechanical seal seat 262 in this embodiment includes an inner inlay seat 2621 embedded in the inlay ports on both sides of the high-speed shredder 22. An outer inlay seat 2622 is locked and fixed on the side of the inner inlay seat 2621 away from the high-speed shredder 22. The large inlay port is blocked by the inner inlay seat 2621. At the same time, in order to avoid frictional contact with the high-speed rotating shaft 253, a mechanical labyrinth 2623 is provided inside the inner inlay seat 2621. The mechanical labyrinth 2623 greatly restricts the path of gas moving outward, thereby reducing nitrogen leakage.

[0073] In this embodiment, an inlet and outlet sealing structure 32 is provided at the feeding and discharging positions. The double slide valve 321 and the flap valve 322 can respectively seal the isolation chambers at the feeding and discharging positions, thereby preventing gas from leaking into the outside area during feeding and discharging, thus ensuring the internal sealing effect.

[0074] A multi-stage battery crushing device is connected to a front exhaust gas treatment device via a transmission device with a preheating function. The front exhaust gas treatment device includes: Exhaust pipe 1 is connected to the feed end of the corresponding battery fragment pyrolysis equipment 2 and is used to discharge the exhaust gas generated by pyrolysis. The physical filtration device 3 is connected to the outlet end of the exhaust pipe 1 and is used to filter out particulate matter in the exhaust gas. The flame-retardant mechanism 4 includes a flame-retardant container 401 connected to the outlet side of the physical filter device 3. The outlet of the flame-retardant container 401 is connected to the inlet of the corresponding pyrolysis gas combustion furnace 5. A corresponding closing plate 403 is provided on the outside of the inlet of the flame-retardant container 401 by a corresponding elastic element 402. The side of the closing plate 403 not connected to the elastic element 402 is fixed by a combustible pulling component 404, so that the elastic element 402 is set in a tensioned state. The pulling component 404 is fixedly connected to the outlet of the flame-retardant container 401. When the combustion flame of the pyrolysis gas combustion furnace 4 extends in the opposite direction into the interior of the flame-retardant container 401, the pulling component 404 is burned off, and the closing plate 403 closes the inlet of the flame-retardant container 401 under the elastic force of the elastic element 402.

[0075] This invention adds a flame-retardant mechanism 4, which includes a flame-retardant container 401 connected to the outlet side of the physical filter device 3. A closing plate 403 is provided on the outside of the inlet side of the flame-retardant container 401 by a corresponding elastic element 402. The side of the closing plate 403 not connected to the elastic element 403 is fixed by a combustible pulling component 404, so that the elastic element 402 is set in a tensioned state. The pulling component 404 is fixedly connected to the outlet side of the flame-retardant container 401. By setting the flame-retardant container 401, a spatial isolation is effectively formed when the open flame spreads to the exhaust end, thereby preventing the open flame from spreading further forward and improving the safety of exhaust gas treatment. When the combustion flame of the pyrolysis gas combustion furnace 5 extends in the opposite direction into the interior of the flame-retardant container 401, the combustible pulling component 404 will be burned off, thereby causing the closing plate 403 to seal the inlet side of the flame-retardant container 401 under the elastic force of the elastic element 402. In this way, the open flame of the backflow can be completely isolated, so as to achieve the pre-emission of pyrolysis tail gas while ensuring the safety of tail gas treatment, thereby effectively reducing the amount of volatile substances in the pyrolysis material and helping to improve the purity of subsequent metal resource recovery.

[0076] The pulling assembly 404 includes a plurality of pulling ropes 4041 arranged in a ring array. One end of each pulling rope 4041 is fixed to the back of the closing plate 403, and the other end of each pulling rope 4041 is fixed to the gas outlet of the flame-retardant container 401. The middle part of each pulling rope 4041 is installed through a fixing hole on the outer side of the corresponding ring plate 4042.

[0077] The pulling rope 4041 is made of nylon rope, and the annular plate 4042 is fixed to the flame-retardant container 401 by a corresponding connecting rod 6.

[0078] The pulling assembly 404 of the present invention includes a plurality of pulling ropes 4041 arranged in a ring array. One end of each pulling rope 4041 is fixed to the back of the closing plate 4042, and the other end is fixed to the gas outlet of the flame-retardant container 401. The middle part of each pulling rope 4041 is installed through a fixing hole on the outer side of the corresponding ring plate 4042. With the intervention of the ring plate 4042, the pulling ropes 4041 arranged in a ring array are dispersed, so as to effectively increase the burn-off probability of the pulling assembly 404 while maintaining sufficient pulling force. This ensures both the pulling effect on the closing plate 403 and the timely burn-off of the pulling assembly 404 when an open flame enters the flame-retardant container 401, thus ensuring the practical effect of the present invention.

[0079] A pressure sensor 7 is installed on the exhaust pipe 1. When the combustion flame of the pyrolysis gas combustion furnace 5 extends in the opposite direction into the flame-retardant container 401, the pull rope 4041 is burned off. The closing plate 403 forms a seal on the air inlet of the flame-retardant container 401 under the elastic force of the elastic element 402. The pressure sensor 7 detects the increase in gas pressure in the exhaust pipe and transmits the corresponding electrical signal to the corresponding electrical controller to issue an alarm, thereby further improving the operational safety of the equipment.

[0080] An oil trap 8 is installed on the exhaust pipe 1 to capture oil particles in the gas flowing through the exhaust pipe 1 and transfer the captured oil back to the feed end of the battery fragment pyrolysis equipment 2 for pyrolysis again.

[0081] The exhaust pipe 1 includes a horizontal exhaust section 101, and the two ends of the horizontal exhaust section 101 are respectively connected to the feed end of the battery fragmentation equipment 2 and the air inlet of the physical filter device 3 through corresponding conduits 102.

[0082] The oil catcher 8 includes an oil catcher spiral plate 801 rotatably disposed on the horizontal exhaust section 101 of the exhaust pipe 1. The oil catcher spiral plate 801 is connected to the output shaft end of the corresponding oil catcher drive motor 803 via a corresponding drive shaft 802.

[0083] The exhaust pipe 1 of this invention is equipped with an oil trap 8. The horizontal exhaust section 101 of the exhaust pipe 1 allows the pyrolysis exhaust gas to flow smoothly. Then, the rotation of the oil trap spiral plate 801 increases the contact rate between the airflow and the oil trap spiral plate 801, thereby effectively adhering small oil particles in the airflow to the oil trap spiral plate 801 and forming a rich accumulation. Under the transmission action of the oil trap spiral plate 801, the accumulated oil is reversed and transported back to the feed end of the battery fragment pyrolysis equipment 2 for pyrolysis again. This effectively reduces the amount of small dust and grease entrained in the front exhaust, thereby helping to improve the safety of the front exhaust system.

[0084] The physical filtration device 3 is a bag filter dust collector. Its specific structure will not be described in detail here. The elastic element 302 is a helical spring.

[0085] The discharge end of the battery fragment pyrolysis equipment 2 is connected to the feed end of the battery fragment sorting system. Specifically, a battery fragment sorting system includes a front sorting unit and a rear sorting unit. The front sorting unit includes a front-end processing structure 81 for conveying a mixture of positive and negative electrode fragments, metal particles, and black powder. The front-end processing structure 81 breaks down the positive and negative electrode fragments during the conveying process. The discharge end of the front-end processing structure 81 is connected to a first drum screen 82, and the discharge end of the first drum screen 82 is connected to a first screening unit 83. After air separation, the first part of the material is separated by color separation. The discharge port of the first screening unit 83 is connected to the second screening unit 84. After secondary air separation by the second screening unit 84, the second part of the material is separated by color separation. The post-sorting unit includes a back-end processing structure 85 connected to the second screening unit 84. The back-end processing structure 85 is connected to a second drum screen 86. The lower end of the second drum screen 86 is connected to a third cyclone separator 87. The lower end of the third cyclone separator 87 is connected to a gyratory screen 88. Different gravity separators 89 are connected to different outlets of the gyratory screen 88.

[0086] While existing technologies employ secondary crushing to reduce the size of positive and negative electrode fragments, they also easily result in the simultaneous crushing of metal materials into very small pieces. This can lead to the mixing of metal particles with black powder during subsequent drum screen screening, making separation impossible and directly reducing the purity of various products. Therefore, this invention addresses this issue by incorporating a front-end processing structure 81 and a back-end processing structure 85 at the front and rear of the pre- and post-sorting units. During feeding, only the positive and negative electrode sheets and separator of the battery are crushed, without affecting metal particles and black powder. This allows for more accurate identification of the positive and negative electrode sheets and separator during subsequent color sorting, thereby improving the screening effect of these materials and ultimately increasing the recovery rate of the positive and negative electrode materials.

[0087] During battery sorting, because the batteries are directly pulverized, all materials in the battery are mixed together, making sorting difficult. Therefore, this invention divides the entire sorting process into a pre-sorting unit and a post-sorting unit. In the pre-sorting unit, the battery is first screened by a first drum screen 82. The product obtained after drum screening is then air-separated and color-separated by a first screening unit 83 and a second screening unit 84 to separate the diaphragm sheets and positive and negative electrode sheets. The black powder and metals obtained after passing through the first screening unit 83 and the second screening unit 84 are then sent to the post-sorting unit for a second drum screen 86. After drum screening, the material is then conveyed to a gyratory screen 88 for further sieving. The sieving material is then sent to different gravity separators 89 for vibration separation, which separates the black powder and various metals due to their different densities, thereby achieving the separation of different solid particles. Through the two-stage sorting method, the sheet-like structure and solid particles are separated and screened separately, so that the sorting efficiency of various materials is optimized, thus achieving full separation and great recycling value.

[0088] During the processes of the first screening unit 83 and the second screening unit 84, since the battery fragments have been shredded into smaller pieces by the front-end processing structure 81 and the back-end processing structure 85, and the weight of the black powder and metal particles is significantly different from that of the positive and negative electrode and separator fragments, the first screening unit 83 in this embodiment includes a first elevator 831 connected to the discharge position of the first drum screen 82. The discharge end of the first elevator 831 goes to the first air classifier 832. The light components of the first air classifier 832 are screened by a vibrating screen and then conveyed from the second elevator 833 to the first color sorter 834. The second screening unit 84 includes components connected to the first air classifier 832. The second air separator 841, after being screened by a vibrating screen, is conveyed from the third elevator 842 to the second color sorter 843. The heavy components of the second air separator 841, after being screened by a vibrating screen, are conveyed from the fourth elevator 844 to the buffer tank 845. The buffer tank 845 is connected to the back-end processing structure 85. The material after being crushed by the front-end processing structure 81 and the back-end processing structure 85 will first undergo color sorting to select the positive and negative electrodes and diaphragm fragments in the material. The positive and negative electrodes and diaphragm fragments will then undergo color sorting again, thereby separating the fragmented substances in the material separately. This not only improves the purity of these substances but also improves the purity of the granular materials at the back end.

[0089] Traditionally, crushed battery materials are transported to a drum screen via an upward-sloping conveyor belt. While this achieves normal conveying, it only provides a basic conveying effect. In contrast, the front-end processing structure 81 of this embodiment includes a feeding fan 811 connected to a cooler. The discharge end of the feeding fan 811 is connected to a feeding duct 812. Both the front-end processing structure 81 and the rear-end processing structure 85 utilize the feeding fan 811, enabling the battery fragments to be crushed and broken down between the feeding fan 811 and the feeding duct 812. Compared to traditional equipment that only conveys materials, this method can better classify battery materials, laying a good foundation for subsequent separation.

[0090] It should be emphasized that the front-end processing structure 81 and the back-end processing structure 85 have the same structure. However, in reality, when the material moves to the position of the back-end processing structure 85, there are very few flaky objects in the material. At this time, the effect of crushing by the back-end processing structure 85 is generally not great, but it can break up some very small fragments and screen them out at the position of the second drum screen 86.

[0091] During the feeding process of the feeding blower 811, it not only serves to crush and transfer battery materials, but also, since the blower is located in a relatively enclosed area with limited space to accommodate materials, the feeding blower 811 in this embodiment includes a central rotating shaft 8111. Several feeding fan plates 8112 are embedded on the central rotating shaft 8111, and a weight sensing structure is provided on the feeding fan plates 8112. The weight sensing structure is provided on the inner side of the feeding blower 811, which can bear the weight of the battery materials entering the blower in a single batch, estimate the specific gravity of the fragments and particles, and thus judge the crushing effect at the rear end, avoiding excessive adjustment that affects the flow of materials.

[0092] Specifically, the feeding fan base 8112 includes a material support plate 81121 nested on the central rotating shaft 8111. The material support plate 81121 has several grooves, and several partition plates 81122 are embedded and welded in the grooves. Both the material support plate 81121 and the partition plates 81122 are provided with weight sensing structures. In this embodiment, the weight sensing structure is a weight sensor installed on the rear side of the material support plate 81121 and the inner side of the partition plates 81122. The weight of the material entering this time is obtained by combining the pressure on the material support plate 81121 and the load on different partition plates 81122, so as to better distribute the material to the back end.

[0093] The weight sensing structure inside the feeding blower 811 is not a separate setting. Specifically, a mounting cage 8121 is provided inside the feeding duct 812, and several outward-extending power components 8122 are provided inside the mounting cage 8121. The outward-extending power components 8122 are connected to several cutting components 8123. When the outward-extending power components 8122 are activated, the radiation range of the cutting components 8123 changes. The purpose is to control the output stroke of the outward-extending power components 8122. The output stroke of the outward-extending power components 8122 directly affects the unfolding angle of the cutting components 8123, thereby affecting the passing efficiency of battery fragments. When the proportion of fragments is high, the unfolding angle of the cutting components 8123 can be larger to fully crush the fragments, while when the proportion of particulate matter is large, the unfolding angle is smaller, allowing the battery fragments to pass through more smoothly. The passing cross section can be dynamically adjusted according to the material entering at one time, thereby improving the material distribution effect while ensuring the uniform passage of battery materials.

[0094] Furthermore, the placement cage 8121 includes an upper cage plate 81211 and a lower cage plate 81212 disposed inside the feeding air duct 812. An inner frame 81213 is connected between the upper cage plate 81211 and the lower cage plate 81212. Several outward-extending power components 8122 are embedded in the inner frame 81213. The entire feeding air duct 812 is hollow. In order to ensure the normal passage of materials, the upper cage plate 81211, the lower cage plate 81212, and the inner frame 81213 are all hollow.

[0095] In order not to affect the normal operation of materials, the outward power component 8122 in this embodiment includes an outward push rod 81221 embedded inside the inner frame 81213. A lower tensioning plate 81222 is provided on the output end of the outward push rod 81221. A plurality of tensioning heads 81223 are provided on the lower tensioning plate 81222. The tensioning heads 81223 slide up and down in the rib grooves on the side of the inner frame 81213. The outward push rod 81221 is centrally located and has a small overall diameter, making it easy to avoid occupying space. Moreover, it can control the movement of all tensioning heads 81223 when it is pushed out or retracted in a single operation.

[0096] During the process of crushing materials, the splitting component 8123 can adjust its expansion range according to the content of fragments in the materials. Specifically, the splitting component 8123 includes a tension spring 81231 connected to the tensioning head 81223. The lower end of the spring 81231 is connected to a splitting blade 81232. The splitting blade 81232 is provided with a plurality of cutting barbs 81233. The battery fragments are crushed by the splitting blade 81232 and the cutting barbs 81233. The connection between the tension spring 81231 and the tensioning head 81223 allows the splitting blade 81232 to move away from or closer to the outward push rod 81221.

[0097] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for recycling and processing waste batteries, characterized in that, include: S1: The battery is fed into the high-speed shredder of the battery crushing structure via the climbing conveyor belt and crushed into battery fragments. During the crushing process, the pressurized nitrogen is guided by the pressurization guide and then circulates rapidly in the nitrogen circulation structure and the high-speed shredder. The exhaust gas generated by the high-speed shredder is precipitated in the sedimentation separation structure through the upper exhaust gas duct and connected to the burner. S2: The broken battery fragments are fed into the pyrolysis furnace through the feeding device under the transmission of the external feeding mechanism. The material is conveyed from the feeding end to the discharge end of the pyrolysis furnace for high-temperature oxygen-free pyrolysis, and then collected and discharged through the pyrolysis furnace. S3: The tail gas generated by high-temperature pyrolysis enters the physical filter device through the front exhaust pipe of the front exhaust assembly for particulate matter filtration. S4: The exhaust gas filtered by the physical filtration device is discharged into the pyrolysis gas combustion furnace after passing through the flame retardant container for combustion. When the combustion flame of the pyrolysis gas combustion furnace extends in the opposite direction into the interior of the flame retardant container, the pulling component is burned off, and the closing plate forms a seal on the air inlet of the flame retardant container under the elastic force of the elastic element. S5: The mixture of positive and negative electrode fragments, metal particles and black powder in the pyrolysis products is conveyed to the feeding fan of the front-end processing structure, and the positive and negative electrode fragments are crushed by the feeding fan. S6: The crushed material is fed into the first drum screen for separation. A portion of the black powder is screened out to obtain the remaining first product. The first product is fed into the first screening unit for the first air classification. The light components obtained after air classification are separated by vibration and then undergo the first color classification. The heavy components obtained after color classification are fed into the second screening unit for the second air classification. The light components obtained after air classification are separated by vibration and then undergo the second color classification. S7: The recombinant components after color sorting are fed into the second drum screen through the back-end processing structure. The black powder with a smaller particle size is screened out by the second drum screen. The remaining second product is graded by the third cyclone separator and then falls into the swing screen for separation. The separated particles are sent to different gravity separators for further screening to obtain different products.

2. The method for recycling and processing a waste battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discharge end of the climbing conveyor belt is connected to a battery crushing structure. A tail gas treatment device is installed on the top of the battery crushing structure. The upper and lower ends of the battery crushing structure are equipped with inlet and outlet closed structures. The battery crushing structure includes a high-speed shredder and a nitrogen circulation structure located on the side of the high-speed shredder. A pressurizing guide is installed at the upper and lower ends inside the high-speed shredder. The pressurized nitrogen is guided by the pressurizing guide and then circulates rapidly in the nitrogen circulation structure and the high-speed shredder. The tail gas treatment device includes an upper tail gas duct and a sedimentation separation structure located at the upper end of the upper connecting cylinder. The tail gas generated by the high-speed shredder is precipitated in the sedimentation separation structure through the upper tail gas duct and then connected to the burner.

3. The method for recycling and processing a waste battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a pyrolysis kiln, comprising a pyrolysis furnace body with a feed channel, and a collection container connected to the discharge end of the pyrolysis furnace body; a front exhaust assembly, comprising an exhaust pipe connected to the exhaust port of the feed channel, the exhaust pipe being connected to the inlet end of a corresponding physical filter device, the outlet end of the physical filter device being connected to the inlet end of a corresponding flame-retardant container, and the outlet end of the flame-retardant container being connected to the inlet end of a corresponding pyrolysis gas combustion furnace; a corresponding closing plate is provided on the outside of the inlet end of the flame-retardant container by a corresponding elastic element, and the side of the closing plate not connected to the elastic element is pulled to the outlet end of the flame-retardant container by a traction assembly made of combustible material, the elastic element being set in a tensioned state.

4. The method for recycling and processing a waste battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a front-end sorting unit and a rear-end sorting unit. The front-end sorting unit includes a front-end processing structure for conveying a mixture of positive and negative electrode fragments, metal particles, and black powder. The front-end processing structure breaks down the positive and negative electrode fragments during the conveying process. The front-end processing structure is sequentially connected to a first drum screen, a first screening unit, and a second screening unit. The rear-end sorting unit includes a rear-end processing structure connected to the second screening unit. The rear-end processing structure is sequentially connected to a second drum screen, a third cyclone separator, a gyratory screen, and a gravity separator.

5. A method for recycling and processing waste batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that, The high-speed shredder has an upper connecting cylinder installed at its upper end and a lower connecting cylinder installed at its lower end. The pressurizing guide includes an annular separation hood disposed on the upper and lower connecting cylinders. The annular separation hood is connected to an external air passage. A sealing plate is connected to the inner side of the annular separation hood. A connecting plate is disposed between the sealing plates. When the battery is fed, the sealing plate hangs down naturally. When the high-speed shredder is crushed, the sealing plate is inflated and connected by the connecting plate to form a sealing guide. A guide plate is disposed on the side of the annular separation hood away from the upper and lower connecting cylinders.

6. The method for recycling and processing a waste battery according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sedimentation separation structure includes an extension pipeline connected to a processor. The end of the extension pipeline is connected to a rotary sedimentator. The outlet of the rotary sedimentator is connected to a tail gas acceleration structure. The tail gas acceleration structure outputs to a lower sedimentator. After sedimentation in the lower sedimentator, the tail gas is connected to a burner via a combustion pipeline. The rotary sedimentator includes a first deflection section connected to the extension pipeline. The lower end of the first deflection section is connected to a sedimentation section. The outlet of the sedimentation section is connected to a second deflection section, which is connected to the tail gas acceleration structure. The lower end of the sedimentation section is connected to a sediment discharge pipe. The sediment discharge pipe passes through… The exhaust gas speed-up structure includes a fan mounting bracket, a fan mounting base, and an exhaust gas speed-up fan. The outlet end of the rotary settler is connected to the inlet end of the exhaust gas speed-up fan, and the outlet end of the exhaust gas speed-up fan is inserted into the lower settler. The lower settler includes a lower settler cylinder mounted on the fan mounting bracket. The lower half of the outer circumference of the lower settler cylinder is connected to a settler output pipe. An inclined guide plate is provided inside the lower settler cylinder. The inclined guide plate has several holes, and the bottom of the inclined guide plate is flush with the inlet end of the settler output pipe.

7. A method for recycling and processing a waste battery according to claim 6, characterized in that, The nitrogen circulation structure includes a first circulation pipe disposed on the side of the upper connecting cylinder, and a second circulation pipe connected to the side of the lower connecting cylinder. The first circulation pipe and the second circulation pipe are connected by a circulation connecting pipe, and the angle between the first circulation pipe, the second circulation pipe and the horizontal plane is 120° to 150°.

8. A method for recycling and processing a waste battery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pulling assembly consists of several small-diameter pulling ropes arranged in a circular array. One end of each rope is fixed to the back of the closing plate, and the other end is fixed to the gas outlet of the flame-retardant container. The ropes pass through fixing holes on the outer side of the corresponding circular plates. When the flame from the pyrolysis gas combustion furnace extends in the reverse direction into the flame-retardant container, the pulling assembly is burned off. The closing plate, driven by the elastic force of the elastic element, seals the gas inlet of the flame-retardant container. An oil trap is installed on the exhaust pipe to collect and return oil from the gas flowing through it. The pollutant particles are captured and transported to the feed channel for further pyrolysis. The exhaust pipe includes a horizontal exhaust section, and the two ends of the horizontal exhaust section are respectively connected to the exhaust port of the feed channel and the air inlet of the physical filter through corresponding conduits. The oil collector includes an oil collection spiral plate rotatably disposed in the horizontal exhaust section of the exhaust pipe. The oil collection spiral plate is driven to the output shaft of a corresponding drive motor through a corresponding transmission shaft. Multiple inclined tilting plates for pushing the material from the feed end to the discharge end are evenly distributed inside the pyrolysis furnace. The pyrolysis furnace is driven by a corresponding furnace drive mechanism.

9. A method for recycling and processing a waste battery according to claim 4, characterized in that, The front-end processing structure is identical to the back-end processing structure. The front-end processing structure includes a feeding fan connected to the cooler. The discharge end of the feeding fan is connected to a feeding duct. The feeding fan includes a central rotating shaft with several feeding fan seats embedded in it. Weight sensing structures are installed on the feeding fan blades. A mounting cage is installed inside the feeding duct, and several outward-extending power components are installed inside the mounting cage. The outward-extending power components are connected to several slitting parts, and the radiation range of the slitting parts changes when the outward-extending power components are activated.

10. A method for recycling and processing a waste battery according to claim 9, characterized in that, The cage frame includes an upper cage plate and a lower cage plate disposed inside the feeding air duct. An inner frame is connected between the upper cage plate and the lower cage plate. Several outward-extending power components are embedded in the inner frame. Each outward-extending power component includes an outward-extending push rod embedded inside the inner frame. A lower tensioning plate is provided on the output end of the outward-extending push rod. Several tensioning heads are provided on the lower tensioning plate. The tensioning heads slide up and down in the rib grooves on the side of the inner frame. The splitting component includes a tension spring connected to the tensioning head. A splitting blade is connected to the lower end of the spring. Several cutting barbs are provided on the splitting blade.

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