Multi-axis linkage numerical control lathe and turning method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine manufacturing, and particularly relates to a multi-axis linkage numerical control turning machining method. A multi-axis linkage programming method is applied, a groove cutter is replaced by an outer circle finish turning tool for profiling machining, no burrs are generated after continuous cutting, the problem of burr residues at cut-in and cut-out points of groove cutter machining is solved, surface contact during machining is changed into point contact, the problem of uneven root surfaces is solved, and machining of structures such as special-shaped grooves and the like can be expanded. A gooseneck cutter is used for replacing a combined cutter for machining, the problem of machining of inner cavity curved surfaces of valve body parts is solved, and the automatic batch production capacity is achieved; in conclusion, through multi-axis linkage turning machining, the surface quality and machining efficiency of parts are improved, the tool cost is reduced, and cost reduction and efficiency improvement are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of CNC mechanical manufacturing technology, specifically relating to a multi-axis linkage CNC turning machining method. Background Technology

[0002] Grooves are a typical machining structure in CNC turning. This structure is widely used in scenarios such as part positioning, sealing, tool retraction, transmission, and locking. The grooving tool or forming tool is used to cut the outer circle, inner hole, or end face to produce the specified process structure.

[0003] The existing processing equipment is mainly: CNC lathes are usually two-axis equipment, namely X-axis: radial movement and Z-axis: axial movement, and the machining of rotating parts is achieved through two-axis linkage.

[0004] Existing methods for machining external circular grooves mainly include the following steps: 1. Clamp and position the part using a three-jaw chuck, and use an external turning tool to perform rough machining on the outer diameter along the axial direction, with a allowance of 0.1-0.2mm; 2. Use an external grooving cutter to rough machine the external groove, employing a radial layered cutting method, with a allowance of 0.5-1mm; 3. Use an external turning tool to perform axial finishing on the outer diameter; 4. Using an external grooving cutter to achieve external grooving precision machining via X / Z axis linkage. Taking stainless steel as an example, the external grooving precision machining line speed is about 100m / min. Since the grooving and external grooving are not machined with the same tool and in the same machining program segment, this machining method will produce burrs at the entry and exit points. At the same time, due to the tool grinding and tool installation errors, an absolute flat surface cannot be formed, so there is a non-absolutely flat surface at the root of the grooving. 5. The fitter polishes the entry and exit points and the surface of the groove using tools such as sandpaper and polishing cotton; The existing processing pain points are as follows: 1. When the grooving cutter is cutting, it is in surface contact. The cutting edge of the tool is simultaneously subjected to radial and axial cutting forces, which is prone to vibration and causes surface chatter marks. To avoid the generation of chatter marks, it is usually necessary to reduce the cutting amount and feed rate, resulting in low machining efficiency. The surface roughness after machining is Ra1.6-3.2. In order to meet the design requirements, the only option is to add a polishing process to improve the roughness to within Ra0.8. 2. Burrs will be generated at the entry and exit points during processing, which will make subsequent deburring and polishing difficult; 3. Grooving is performed using a fixed quadrant machining method (see attached diagram). Figure 8 The inner hole uses direction 6, the outer circle uses direction 7, and the outer circle uses direction 8. During machining, the cutting insert is in surface contact. There is a non-flat surface of the cutting tool width at position 7-2 at the bottom of the outer circle groove, which affects the overall cylindricity or flatness. In addition, the linkage cutting programming is difficult, the cutting edge cannot be identified, and overcutting is easy to occur.

[0005] The inner cavity curved surface is limited by the part structure being not fully open. This structure is widely used in the sealing, pressure bearing, and drag reduction of parts, and the specified structure is machined by forming tools.

[0006] Internal cavity curved surface machining method: 1. The parts are clamped and positioned using a three-jaw chuck; 2. Manually insert the forming cutter shank 13-1 into the hole, and connect the forming cutter head 13-2 to the cutter shank from the other side, and tighten it with the lock nut 13-3. Figure 13 ); 3. Curved surface cutting is achieved by moving the cutting edge downwards at the end of the tool; 4. After processing, disassemble and remove the cutting tools; 5. The fitter removes burrs from the joints of the machining process using a scraper and polishes them with polishing cotton to achieve a smooth transition; The existing processing pain points are as follows: 1. Manually changing tools is inefficient; 2. Forming tools have a large contact area and high resistance during cutting, resulting in low processing efficiency; 3. The burrs produced are sheet-like and flanged, which are difficult to remove; 4. The surface quality of curved surfaces formed in one pass by a cutting tool is uncontrollable, and the sharpness of the cutting edge of the tool determines the quality of the curved surface machining. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem of this invention is: 1. Manually changing tools is inefficient; 2. Forming tools have a large contact area and high resistance during cutting, resulting in low processing efficiency; 3. The burrs produced are sheet-like and flanged, which are difficult to remove; 4. The surface quality of curved surfaces formed in one pass by a cutting tool is uncontrollable, and the sharpness of the cutting edge of the cutting tool determines the quality of the curved surface machining.

[0008] The purpose of this invention is: This invention aims to provide a multi-axis linkage turning method to meet the high-quality and high-efficiency machining requirements of groove structures and inner cavity curved surfaces of rotating parts.

[0009] The technical solution of this invention is: On the one hand, the present invention proposes a multi-axis linkage CNC lathe, including: multiple linear axes, multiple rotary axes, multiple three-jaw chucks (1) and multiple functional tools, wherein the multi-axis linkage enables multiple tools to process at multiple angles and in multiple directions.

[0010] Preferably, the multiple linear axes include: an X-axis, a Y-axis, and a Z-axis; Multiple rotation axes include: rotation axis B, rotation axis C The B rotary axis is used for turning spindles; The C-axis is used for milling spindles that oscillate within a certain range.

[0011] Preferably, the three-jaw chuck (1) includes: a chuck body (1-1), three soft three-jaw chucks (1-2), and six locking screws (1-3). There are three guide grooves (1-1-1) on the chuck body (1-1); The tools include: an external roughing tool (4), an external grooving tool (5), an external finishing tool (6), a combination T-shaped tool (14), and a gooseneck tool (17).

[0012] Preferably, the external roughing tool (4) includes: tool body (4-1), locking screw (4-2), and roughing insert (4-3). The external grooving cutter (5) includes: cutter body (5-1), locking screw (5-2), and grooving blade (5-3); The external diameter finishing tool (6) includes: tool body (6-1), locking screw (6-2), and finishing insert (6-3); The cutting edge of the precision turning insert (6-3) is divided into the front cutting edge (6-3-1) and the back cutting edge (6-3-2). The combined T-type cutter (14) includes: a cutter bar (14-1), a cutter head (14-2), and a locking nut (14-3). The head (14-2) includes: a set of cutter head end blades (14-2-1); The gooseneck knife (17) includes: a blade (17-1), a locking screw (17-2), and a blade (17-3). On the other hand, the present invention proposes a turning machining method, which uses a multi-axis linkage CNC lathe to machine shaft parts (2). The shaft parts (2) include: an outer annular groove (2-1), a positioning surface (2-2), a clamping outer circle (2-3), a cutting point (2-4), a root arc (2-5), and a cutting point (2-6). The method is characterized by the following steps: S11. By clamping the shaft part (2) with the soft three jaws (1-2) on the three-jaw chuck (1), the positioning surface (2-2) is pressed against the bottom surface of the soft three jaws (1-2), and the outer circle (2-3) is fully radially pressed against the soft three jaws (1-2); S12. Use an external turning tool (4) to perform rough machining of the external diameter in the direction of the arrow. The surface allowance after machining is 0.1-0.2mm. S13. Use an external grooving cutter (5) to perform layered machining from top to bottom along the radial direction to achieve rough removal of the external grooving. S14. Select an external diameter finishing tool (6) so that the height deviation between the tool tip and the spindle center is within 0.01mm. This prevents the tool center height deviation from causing abnormal contact between the cutting edge and the part, resulting in inconsistent cutting dimensions with the programmed dimensions, poor surface roughness due to cutting vibration, discontinuous cutting, abnormal tool wear, and reduced tool life. S15. When finishing the outer annular groove, start from the entry point (2-4) of the outer circle of the shaft part, and proceed along the direction of the arrow through the root arc (2-5) to the exit point (2-6) to finish the outer annular groove. This machining method is fixed shaft cutting, and the cutting direction of the outer groove tool is the 8th direction.

[0013] In step S11: After clamping, there is no interference in the machining area of ​​the shaft part (2); The rotation center of the shaft part (2) is set to be consistent with the center of the main shaft to prevent the shaft part (2) from jumping when rotating.

[0014] In step S13: Based on the different blade shapes, grooving blades are used for face cutting, and finishing blades are used for point cutting. The tool strength of the finishing blade is set to be less than that of the grooving blade, and the surface allowance after machining is 0.1-0.2mm. This is to prevent excessive radial removal in subsequent finishing, which could lead to abnormal wear of the blade or bending of the part. Therefore, radial layering is used for cutting.

[0015] In step S14, select a suitable external diameter finishing tool (6) for cutting the material. Select a tool tip radius R0.2, mount the insert on the tool body, and measure the deviation between the tool and the spindle center using a 100mm standard height measuring block. If the tool tip is too low, insert a 0.1mm tool pad under the tool body. If the tool tip is too high, replace the tool pad with a thinner one or grind the tool body. The amount removed should be equal to the deviation value.

[0016] In step S15: The external grooving tool is replaced with an external finishing turning tool. During machining, the external contour contouring is used, and the finishing speed of the external circle is about 150m / min. This is used to remove the machining allowance and form a complete and continuous cutting surface. When machining the external annular groove (2-1), a multi-axis linkage cutting method is used, which increases the use of the back cutting edge (6-3-2), so that there are no breaks or burrs at the external groove. When machining the external groove in multi-axis linkage, the external finishing turning tool is used to machine the irregular groove (2-4) by controlling the angle of the swing shaft. Multi-axis linkage cutting allows the entire cutting edge of the tool tip arc to be used for cutting at different angles. Compared with the surface contact when cutting with the external grooving tool, the finishing turning tool uses point contact when cutting, which increases cylindricity and flatness. The surface roughness after machining can be controlled within Ra0.8. The machining speed is increased by about 1 / 3, which improves the tool tip utilization and reduces the need for custom-made special tools.

[0017] On the other hand, a turning machining method uses a multi-axis linkage CNC lathe to machine a valve body part (13). The valve body part (13) includes an inner cavity curved surface (13-1), a positioning surface (13-2), and a clamping outer circle (13-3). The method includes the following steps: S21. Following the method in step S11, clamp and position the valve body part (13). S22. Due to the structure of the valve body part (13), the cutting tool cannot be fully inserted into the hole. A combined T-type cutting tool (14) is used. During installation, the thread on the cutting tool shank (14-1) is inserted through the inner hole on the cutting head (14-2), and then the locking nut (14-3) is used to fasten it to the thread on the cutting tool shank. S23. When machining the combined T-shaped cutter (14), cutting is performed through the end cutting edge (14-2-1) of the cutter head. The shape of the end cutting edge should not be smaller than the surface to be machined. The machining adopts a forming machining method, and the surface machining is completed by radial cutting. S24. The fitter uses polishing cotton to polish the joints to ensure a smooth transition.

[0018] In step S23: Replace the combined T-shaped cutter (14) with a gooseneck cutter (17). Insert the gooseneck cutter (17) into the valve body part (2) through the side hole and perform layered cutting along the curved contour area (13-1). The entire cutting process adopts X / Z / B three-axis linkage cutting. As the B axis swings, the gooseneck cutter blade (17-3) tip radius achieves full cutting edge processing. Layered cutting has low force and the tool is not easy to wear. After contour finishing, the surface quality is stable and controllable.

[0019] The advantages and beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention applies multi-axis linkage turning contour contouring technology to solve the burr problem in groove machining through continuous cutting, and can be extended to the turning of irregular grooves. By using a gooseneck cutter to go deep into the cavity for machining, it solves the problem of machining non-fully open internal cavity curved surfaces, improves machining efficiency and surface quality, and reduces tooling costs.

[0020] 1. Use an external turning tool instead of a grooving tool to achieve precision machining of the external diameter and end face grooves, control the surface roughness Ra to within 0.8, and improve the cylindricity and flatness of the grooves; 2. By using contour-following continuous machining, the entry and exit points of machining are eliminated, there are no burr residues after machining, the deburring and polishing process is eliminated, and machining efficiency is improved at the same time; 3. Expand the processing range to achieve the processing of irregular grooves, improve tool utilization, and reduce tool costs.

[0021] 4. By replacing the combined forming tool with a gooseneck cutter, the internal curved surface can be precisely machined, ensuring stable and controllable machining quality and enabling rapid mass production. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a three-jaw chuck; Figure 2 Schematic diagram for part positioning and clamping; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of an external roughing tool; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of rough turning of the outer diameter. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an external grooving tool; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rough machining groove on the outer circle; Figure 7(a) is a schematic diagram of an external diameter finishing tool; Figure 7(b) is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of an external diameter finishing tool; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the finishing process of the outer diameter. Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the machining orientation quadrant for CNC turning tool tip Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a part with an irregularly shaped groove structure. Figure 11 Schematic diagram of part positioning and clamping; Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the joint machining of the inner cavity surface of the part Figure 13 Schematic diagram of machining tools for forming the inner cavity curved surface of a part Figure label: Three-jaw chuck (1), shaft parts (2), external roughing tool (4), external grooving tool (5), external finishing tool (6), valve body parts (13), combined T-shaped tool (14) and gooseneck tool (17). Chuck body (1-1), soft three-jaw chuck (1-2), locking screw (1-3), guide groove (1-1-1); The finished soft three-jaw chuck (2-1), the part (2-2), the locating surface (2-2-1), the clamping outer circle (2-2-2), and the machining area (2-2-3); Tool body (4-1), locking screw (4-2), roughing cutting tool (4-3); Blade body (5-1), locking screw (5-2), slotted blade (5-3); Tool body (6-1), locking screw (6-2), precision turning insert (6-3), front cutting edge (6-3-1), rear cutting edge (6-3-2); Finishing tool body (7-1), locking screw (7-2), finishing insert (7-3), front cutting edge (7-3-1), back cutting edge (7-3-2); Linked cutting method (8-1); Irregular groove (10-1); The finished soft three-jaw clamp (11-1), the part (11-2), the positioning surface (11-2-1), and the clamping outer circle (11-2-2). Gooseneck knife (12-1), curved surface profile (12-2); Forming cutter bar (13-1), forming cutter head (13-2), locking nut (13-3); Tool holder (14-1), tool head (14-2), locking nut (14-3), tool head end edge (14-2-1); Tool holder (17-1), locking screw (17-2), blade (17-3). Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other, and the various embodiments can be referenced and cited in each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] This invention belongs to the field of CNC mechanical manufacturing technology, specifically relating to a multi-axis linkage CNC turning machining method. By applying a multi-axis linkage programming method, a turning tool replaces a grooving tool for contour machining, achieving burr-free continuous cutting. This solves the problems of burr residue at the entry and exit points of grooving and the difficulty of deburring. This method can be extended to the machining of irregular grooves and other structures, improving grooving efficiency and surface quality, increasing tool tip utilization, and ultimately achieving cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

[0027] Multi-axis linkage turning technology is an extension of traditional lathe machining. By adding B / C rotary axes linked with the spindle and feed axes, it enables multi-angle and multi-directional machining of the tool, breaking through the limitation of traditional turning which can only machine along the Z / X axes.

[0028] Processing equipment: A milling-turning machining center has functions such as turning, milling, and boring. It is usually equipped with three linear axes (X / Y / Z), a turning spindle (C-axis), and a milling spindle (B-axis) that can swing within a certain range, enabling multi-axis linkage machining.

[0029] Referring to the attached figures, the three-jaw chuck (1) includes: a chuck body (1-1), three soft three jaws (1-2), and six locking screws (1-3). The chuck body (1-1) has three guide grooves (1-1-1). Multiple cutting tools include: an external roughing tool (4), an external grooving tool (5), an external finishing tool (6), a combination T-shaped tool (14), and a gooseneck tool (17).

[0030] The external roughing tool (4) includes: tool body (4-1), locking screw (4-2), and roughing insert (4-3); the external grooving tool (5) includes: tool body (5-1), locking screw (5-2), and grooving insert (5-3); the external finishing tool (6) includes: tool body (6-1), locking screw (6-2), and finishing insert (6-3); the cutting edge of the finishing insert (6-3) is divided into a front cutting edge (6-3-1) and a rear cutting edge (6-3-2); the combined T-shaped tool (14) includes: tool holder (14-1), tool head (14-2), and locking nut (14-3); the head (14-2) includes: the end edge of the tool head (14-2-1); the gooseneck tool (17) includes: tool holder (17-1), locking screw (17-2), and insert (17-3).

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0032] Example 1: The steps for multi-axis linkage turning of the contour of an external cylindrical groove are as follows: S1. Before machining, install the three-jaw chuck (attached) Figure 1 The hard three-jaw chuck is replaced with a soft three-jaw chuck 1-2. The soft three-jaw chuck is connected to the three-jaw chuck body 1-1 by six locking screws 1-3. The hard three-jaw chuck is usually used for clamping bar stock, while the soft three-jaw chuck is usually used for clamping finished surfaces. S2. According to the positioning requirements of part 2-2, the soft three-jaw chuck is boring. To ensure that its positioning and clamping surface is completely in contact with the part, the shape of the positioning surface of the soft three-jaw chuck should be the same as the external positioning structure of the part (see attached). Figure 2To ensure high-precision positioning, the diameter of the soft three-jaw chuck 2-1 after boring is within 0.05mm larger than the outer diameter of the workpiece. Position the workpiece using the workpiece positioning surface 2-2-1, clamp the outer diameter 2-2-2, and ensure no interference in the workpiece machining area 2-2-3 after clamping. Depending on the workpiece structure and precision, a torque wrench can be used for tightening. This operation primarily ensures that the workpiece's rotation center is aligned with the spindle center, with a difference within 0.01mm, preventing excessive runout during workpiece rotation that could affect product machining quality.

[0033] S3. Use an external roughing tool (see attached tool) Figure 3 Axial cutting is performed along roughing path 2-3 (see attached) Figure 4 After machining, the surface allowance is 0.1-0.2mm. This operation is mainly to achieve rapid roughing of the end face and outer circle. S4. Use an external grooving tool (attached) Figure 5 Processed in layers radially from top to bottom (with attached) Figure 6 Due to the different tool structures, grooving inserts are for surface cutting, while finishing inserts are for point cutting. Therefore, the tool strength of finishing inserts is less than that of grooving inserts, resulting in a surface allowance of 0.1-0.2mm after machining. To prevent excessive radial removal from causing abnormal wear of the inserts or bending of the parts, radial layering is used for cutting to achieve rough removal of the outer groove. S5. Select a suitable precision turning tool for the material being cut (see Figure 7). To ensure the sharpness and wear resistance of the insert, a tool tip radius of R0.2 is typically chosen. Mount the insert on the tool holder and tool body. Use a standard height gauge (100mm in length) to calibrate the height deviation between the tool and the spindle center. If the tool tip is too low, the displayed value will be small, such as 99.9. In this case, place a 0.1mm tool shim under the tool holder. If the tool tip is too high, such as 100.1, replace the 0.1mm thinner tool shim or grind 0.1mm off the tool holder. The amount removed should be equal to the deviation value. This operation mainly ensures that the height deviation between the tool tip and the spindle center is within 0.01mm. A deviation in tool center height will cause the cutting edge to not properly contact the workpiece, resulting in inconsistencies between the cutting dimensions and the programmed dimensions, cutting vibration, poor surface roughness, discontinuous cutting, abnormal tool wear, and reduced tool life.

[0034] S6. Use an external cylindrical finishing tool to perform contour machining of the outer profile (see attached) Figure 8 Taking stainless steel as an example, the finishing speed of the outer diameter is approximately 150 m / min, used to remove machining allowances and form a complete and continuous cutting surface. During groove machining, a continuous cutting method (8-1) is used, so there are no breakpoints or burrs at the outer diameter groove. Typically, outer diameter machining is performed using a fixed-axis cutting method (see attached diagram). Figure 9Machining direction 3, using the front cutting edge 7-3-1. For irregular grooves, only custom-made tools can be used. When machining external cylindrical grooves in multi-axis linkage, the machining of irregular grooves 10-1 can be achieved by controlling the angle of the swing shaft. Multi-axis linkage cutting allows the entire cutting edge of the tool tip arc to be used for cutting at different angles, increasing the use of the back cutting edge 7-3-2, improving the tool tip utilization rate, reducing the need for custom-made tools, and lowering costs. In addition, compared with the surface contact when cutting external cylindrical grooves, the finishing tool uses point contact, which has a smaller contact area and force, can solve the problem of non-flat surfaces at the root, and has better cylindricity and flatness. The surface roughness after machining can be controlled within Ra0.8, and the machining linear speed is increased by about 1 / 3, resulting in higher machining efficiency.

[0035] Example 2: The machining method for the inner cavity curved surface is as follows: S1. The tool and method for clamping and positioning the part are the same as steps S1-S2 in Example 1, attached. Figure 11 ; S2. Using a gooseneck cutter 12-1, insert it into the hole through the side hole and perform layered cutting along the curved contour area 12-2 (see attached). Figure 12 The entire cutting process employs X / Z / B three-axis linkage cutting; S3. The fitter uses polishing cotton to polish the joint to ensure a smooth transition.

[0036] It should be noted that the above process operations can be combined to varying degrees. For the sake of brevity, the implementation methods of various combinations will not be elaborated here. Those skilled in the art can flexibly adjust the order of the above operation steps or flexibly combine the above steps according to actual needs.

[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-axis linkage CNC lathe, characterized in that, Includes: multiple linear axes, multiple rotary axes, multiple three-jaw chucks (1) and multiple functional cutting tools, wherein the multi-axis linkage enables multiple cutting tools to perform roughing and point-contact finishing of irregular parts at multiple angles and directions.

2. A multi-axis linkage CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, in: Linear axes in multiple directions include: X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis. Multiple rotation axes include: rotation axis B, rotation axis C The B rotary axis is used for turning spindles; The C-axis is used for milling spindles that oscillate within a certain range.

3. A multi-axis linkage CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, in: The three-jaw chuck (1) includes: a chuck body (1-1), three soft three-jaw chucks (1-2), and six locking screws (1-3). There are three guide grooves (1-1-1) on the chuck body (1-1); The tools include: an external roughing tool (4), an external grooving tool (5), an external finishing tool (6), a combination T-shaped tool (14), and a gooseneck tool (17).

4. A multi-axis linkage CNC lathe according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, in: The external roughing tool (4) includes: tool body (4-1), locking screw (4-2), and roughing insert (4-3); The external grooving cutter (5) includes: cutter body (5-1), locking screw (5-2), and grooving blade (5-3); The external diameter finishing tool (6) includes: tool body (6-1), locking screw (6-2), and finishing insert (6-3); The cutting edge of the precision turning insert (6-3) is divided into the front cutting edge (6-3-1) and the back cutting edge (6-3-2). The combined T-type cutter (14) includes: a cutter bar (14-1), a cutter head (14-2), and a locking nut (14-3). The head (14-2) includes: a set of cutter head end blades (14-2-1); The gooseneck knife (17) includes: a knife handle (17-1), a locking screw (17-2), and a blade (17-3).

5. A turning method, comprising machining a shaft-type part (2) using a multi-axis linkage CNC lathe as described in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the shaft-type part (2) comprises: The method comprises the following steps: an outer annular groove (2-1), a positioning surface (2-2), a clamping outer circle (2-3), a cutting point (2-4), a root arc (2-5), and a cutting point (2-6). S11. By clamping the shaft part (2) with the soft three jaws (1-2) on the three-jaw chuck (1), the positioning surface (2-2) is tightly attached to the bottom surface of the soft three jaws (1-2), and the outer circle (2-3) is fully attached to the radial side of the soft three jaws (1-2). S12. Use an external diameter roughing tool (4) to perform external diameter roughing in the direction of the arrow. The surface allowance after machining is 0.1-0.2mm. S13. Use an external grooving cutter (5) to process the external grooving layer by layer from top to bottom in the radial direction to achieve the rough removal of the external grooving. S14. Select an external diameter finishing tool (6) so that the height deviation between the tool tip and the spindle center is within 0.01mm. This prevents the tool center height deviation from causing abnormal contact between the cutting edge and the part, resulting in inconsistent cutting dimensions with the programmed dimensions, poor surface roughness due to cutting vibration, discontinuous cutting, abnormal tool wear, and reduced tool life. S15. When finishing the outer annular groove, start from the entry point (2-4) of the outer circle of the shaft part, and proceed along the direction of the arrow through the root arc (2-5) to the exit point (2-6) to finish the outer annular groove. This machining method is fixed shaft cutting, and the cutting direction of the outer groove tool is the 8th direction.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, in: In step S11: After clamping, there is no interference in the machining area of ​​shaft parts (2); The rotation center of the shaft part (2) is set to be consistent with the center of the main shaft to prevent the shaft part (2) from jumping when rotating; In step S13: Based on their different insert shapes, grooving inserts are used for face cutting, while finish turning inserts are used for point cutting. The tool strength of finish turning inserts is set to be less than that of grooving inserts. After machining, the surface allowance is 0.1-0.2mm to prevent excessive radial removal during subsequent finishing, which could lead to abnormal wear of the cutting tool or bending of the part. Therefore, radial layering is used for cutting.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S14, Select a suitable external diameter finishing tool for cutting materials (6) Select a tool tip radius R0.2, mount the insert on the tool body, and measure the deviation between the tool and the spindle center using a 100mm standard height measuring block. If the tool tip is too low, place a 0.1mm tool pad under the tool body. If the tool tip is too high, replace the tool pad with a thinner one or grind the tool body. The amount removed should be equal to the deviation value.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S5: Replace the external grooving tool with an external precision turning tool. During machining, use external contour contouring. The external precision machining line speed is about 150m / min. This is used to remove machining allowance and form a complete and continuous cutting surface. The outer annular groove (2-1) is machined using a multi-axis linkage cutting method, which increases the use of the back cutting edge (6-3-2), resulting in no breakpoints or burrs at the outer annular groove. When machining external cylindrical grooves in multi-axis linkage, the external cylindrical precision turning tool can be used to machine irregular grooves by controlling the angle of the swing shaft (2-4). Multi-axis linkage cutting allows the entire cutting edge of the tool tip to be used for cutting at different angles. Compared with the surface contact of the external grooving tool, the precision turning tool uses point contact, which increases cylindricity and flatness. The surface roughness after machining can be controlled within Ra0.8, the machining line speed is increased by about 1 / 3, the tool tip utilization rate is improved, and the customization of special tools is reduced.

9. A turning method, comprising machining a valve body part (13) using a multi-axis linkage CNC lathe as described in claims 1-3, the valve body part (13) comprising an inner cavity curved surface (13-1), a positioning surface (13-2), and a clamping outer circle (13-3), characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S21. Following the method in step S11, clamp and position the valve body parts (13). S22. Due to the structure of the valve body part (13), the cutting tool cannot be fully inserted into the hole. A combined T-type cutting tool (14) is used. During installation, the thread on the cutting tool shank (14-1) is inserted through the inner hole on the cutting head (14-2), and then the locking nut (14-3) is used to fasten it to the thread on the cutting tool shank. S23. When machining the combined T-shaped cutter (14), cutting is performed through the end cutting edge (14-2-1) of the cutter head. The shape of the end cutting edge should not be smaller than the surface to be machined. The machining adopts a forming machining method, and the surface machining is completed by radial cutting. S24. The fitter uses polishing cotton to polish the joint to ensure a smooth transition.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S23: Replace the combined T-shaped cutter (14) with a gooseneck cutter (17). Insert the gooseneck cutter (17) into the valve body part (2) through the side hole and perform layered cutting along the curved contour area (13-1). The entire cutting process adopts X / Z / B three-axis linkage cutting. As the B axis swings, the gooseneck cutter blade (17-3) tip radius achieves full cutting edge machining. The layered cutting has low force and the tool is not easy to wear. After the contour finishing, the surface quality is stable and controllable.

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