Preparation method of degradable biological filler as well as product and application of degradable biological filler

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a degradable biological filler as well as a product and application of the degradable biological filler, and belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment. The technical problems to be solved are that the existing biological filler is not environment-friendly, slow in starting, inconvenient to store and transport, and poor in metabolic activity of microorganisms and system stability. The key point of the technical scheme is that the system integrates a gel method immobilized microorganism technology and a degradable hydrophilic three-dimensional porous matrix. Microorganisms are efficiently immobilized in the hydrogel network in situ by using a gel method. The prepared biological stuffing is mildly dried and hermetically packaged, so that the biological stuffing can be stored and transported in a light and stable dry state; when in use, microorganisms sealed in the gel can be quickly recovered and immediately show metabolic activity only by simply re-soaking with clear water, so that the engineering practical value of the filler is greatly improved, and a novel material and technical support with great prospects are provided for in-situ, efficient and green treatment of decentralized domestic sewage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wastewater treatment technology, specifically relating to a method for preparing biodegradable biological packing material, its products, and applications. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the in-depth advancement of the "Beautiful Countryside" construction in my country, the effective treatment of decentralized domestic sewage has become a major issue urgently needing to be addressed in the field of environmental protection. Unlike large-scale urban sewage treatment plants, decentralized sewage sources (such as rural villages, tourist scenic areas, and independent communities) are characterized by dispersed discharge points, large fluctuations in water volume and quality, high pipeline construction costs, and a lack of professional operation and maintenance capabilities. These characteristics pose significant challenges to the technical and economic feasibility of traditional centralized sewage treatment processes, often making them difficult to apply directly.

[0003] Currently, mainstream technologies for treating decentralized domestic wastewater include septic tanks, constructed wetlands, biological contact oxidation, moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR), and sequencing batch reactors (SBR). Among these, MBBR demonstrates significant application potential due to its advantages such as high biomass, strong resistance to shock loads, and no need for sludge recirculation. The core of this technology lies in its biological packing material, which provides a stable interface and space for microbial attachment, growth, and metabolism. The performance of the packing material directly determines the start-up speed, operational stability, and final treatment effect of the wastewater treatment system.

[0004] However, existing biological packing materials face a series of technical bottlenecks when applied to decentralized domestic wastewater treatment scenarios. First, their materials are mostly non-degradable polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene, which can easily cause secondary pollution during long-term operation. The disposal of waste packing materials also brings additional environmental burdens and operation and maintenance costs, contradicting the concept of green sustainability. Second, the surface of these packing materials is highly biologically inert, resulting in a long microbial biofilm formation and easy initial loss, making it difficult to meet the rapid effectiveness requirements of decentralized treatment facilities. Furthermore, in terms of storage, transportation, and application convenience, existing materials are bulky and heavy in a wet state, leading to high transportation costs, further restricting their widespread applicability.

[0005] To address these challenges, existing research has focused on natural biodegradable fillers, such as konjac glucomannan, sodium alginate, and chitosan. Taking konjac glucomannan as an example, on the one hand, its excellent biocompatibility and gelling properties provide a suitable microenvironment for microbial growth, reducing microbial loss and competitive exclusion from native microorganisms; on the other hand, its porous structure facilitates the mass transfer of pollutants and nutrients, improving remediation efficiency. Furthermore, it can provide a protective microenvironment for functional microorganisms, significantly improving their survival rate and degradation activity under harsh environments.

[0006] Meanwhile, gel immobilization technology, as an emerging microbial immobilization technique, has gradually attracted widespread attention. This technology embeds active microbial cells in a hydrophilic gel matrix, forming immobilized microbial particles with a three-dimensional network structure. Gel immobilization technology can not only effectively protect microorganisms from external environmental shocks but also significantly increase the local concentration and metabolic activity of microorganisms, thereby accelerating system start-up and enhancing shock resistance. However, existing gel immobilization materials still suffer from insufficient mechanical strength, short service life, and complex on-site operation, limiting their large-scale application in decentralized wastewater treatment.

[0007] Relevant patent documents retrieved:

[0008] This document, published in China (CN109055347A) on August 24, 2018, discloses an immobilized microorganism, its preparation method, and its application in removing nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. The method involves mixing sodium alginate with water and stirring to obtain a sodium alginate solution; mixing a microbial suspension with the obtained sodium alginate solution to obtain a mixed solution; and adding chitosan to a CaCl2 solution to obtain a cross-linking agent solution. This invention uses sodium alginate-chitosan as a carrier. Chitosan has good biocompatibility and is inexpensive, thus reducing the preparation cost of immobilized microorganisms while improving their mechanical strength and nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency from wastewater. However, the preparation process is relatively complex, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency in wastewater needs further improvement, and the microbial biofilm formation start-up period is long.

[0009] This document, published in China (CN100340498C) on September 1, 2004, discloses a microbial packing material and its preparation method. The material uses granular or fibrous materials as carriers and a cross-linking agent to immobilize the microbial membrane of activated sludge onto the carrier. The cross-linking agent is typically one or more of chitosan, polyethylene compounds, alginate, gelatin, calcium hydroxide, and calcium oxide. This process produces an immobilized microbial packing material containing a purifying microbial membrane, suitable for the microbial purification of waste gas, particularly for the purification of waste gas emitted from water treatment facilities. However, the microbial packing material prepared by this method has a long shelf life, and the microorganisms in the activated sludge are easily affected by external environmental disturbances, resulting in poor wastewater removal efficiency.

[0010] In solving the above problems or overcoming the above defects, the present invention encountered the following difficulties and obstacles: This invention studies a biodegradable bio-filler, aiming to efficiently and in-situ immobilize active microbial cells within the bio-filler, providing a stable interface and space for microbial attachment, growth, and metabolism. Activated sludge is premixed with a sodium alginate solution, followed by cross-linking with calcium chloride. The active microbial cells are then efficiently and in-situ immobilized within the hydrogel network using a gelation method. Unexpectedly, during the preparation process, it was discovered that within a certain range, the type of substrate filler and its mass ratio to activated sludge and sodium alginate resulted in a biodegradable bio-filler that effectively immobilized activated sludge within the pores and surface of the filler, achieving better denitrification, phosphorus removal, and carbon reduction. During the storage of the bio-filler, the drying temperature and time significantly affect the activity of microorganisms in the activated sludge; therefore, stricter requirements are needed regarding the drying temperature and time. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide: A method for preparing a biodegradable biofiller, its products and applications, and related technologies, to solve the technical problems of existing biofillers, such as being environmentally unfriendly, slow to start up, inconvenient to store and transport, and having poor microbial metabolic activity and system stability, or a combination thereof.

[0012] Terminology Explanation: Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms in this document have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of the claims pertains. Unless otherwise stated, all patents, patent inventions, and publications cited in this document are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. If multiple definitions exist for terms in this document, the definitions in this chapter shall prevail.

[0013] It should be understood that the above brief description and the following detailed description are exemplary and for illustrative purposes only, and do not limit the subject matter of the invention in any way. In this invention, the singular is used in conjunction with the plural unless otherwise specifically stated. It should also be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the use of “or” or “or” means “and / or”. Furthermore, the use of the term “comprising” and other forms such as “including,” “containing,” and “contains” are not limiting.

[0014] Unless specifically defined herein, the use of all commercially available products herein employs standard techniques. For example, it may be carried out using the manufacturer's instructions for use with the kit, or in accordance with methods known in the art or the description of this invention. The techniques and methods described herein can generally be implemented according to conventional methods well known in the art, based on the descriptions in the various summary and more specific documents cited and discussed in this specification.

[0015] The term "drying" as used in this article refers to the process of evaporating and removing moisture from wet materials using heat sources such as flames, hot air, or infrared radiation. It is commonly used for drying food, medicinal materials, and industrial raw materials.

[0016] The term "natural biodegradable filler" used in this article refers to filler materials derived from natural organisms (such as plant fibers, starch, chitosan, etc.) that can be decomposed into carbon dioxide, water, and harmless residues through microbial action in the natural environment or within organisms. They are commonly used in biodegradable plastics and composite materials to reduce environmental impact.

[0017] The term "biocompatibility" used in this article refers to the property that a material can achieve good tissue compatibility and functional integration without causing adverse reactions such as toxicity, inflammation, or immune rejection when it comes into contact with biological tissues in vivo or on the body surface. It is a core indicator for the evaluation of medical materials.

[0018] The term "carbon source" as used in this article refers to nutrients that provide carbon during microbial culture or fermentation. Common carbon sources include glucose, sucrose, glycerol, ethanol, starch, etc., which are used to support cell growth and the synthesis of metabolites.

[0019] The term "dissolved oxygen" used in this article refers to oxygen in water in molecular form, usually expressed in mg / L or % saturation. It is a necessary condition for the autotrophy and aerobic microbial metabolism of water bodies and an important indicator for water quality assessment.

[0020] The term "gel fixation" as used in this article refers to the gel fixation of microorganisms, an emerging microbial immobilization technique that has gradually gained widespread attention. This technique involves embedding active microbial cells in a hydrophilic gel matrix to form immobilized microbial particles with a three-dimensional network structure.

[0021] The term "mass transfer" as used in this article refers to the process of transferring matter from a high concentration to a low concentration in space. Mass transfer refers to the process of transferring matter from a high concentration to a low concentration in space, and usually involves diffusion, convection, and other methods. It occurs in many processes, such as absorption, evaporation, drying, and membrane filtration, and is widely used in fields such as chemical engineering and bioreactors.

[0022] The term "drying" as used in this article refers to the process of removing volatile components (mainly moisture) from a material from a solid or liquid through means such as heating, ventilation, vacuuming, and freezing. It is a basic process for removing moisture, improving storage stability, and enhancing processing quality.

[0023] In a first aspect, the present invention provides: a method for preparing a biodegradable biofiller, comprising the following steps: (1) Soak the matrix in water and dry it to constant weight to obtain material 1; (2) Immerse material 1 in CaCl2 solution, remove it and squeeze it to obtain material 2; (3) Mix the sludge with sodium alginate and water to obtain solution 1; (4) Immediately immerse material 2 in solution 1 and soak it thoroughly to obtain material 3; (5) Take out material 3 and dry it to obtain the biodegradable biological filler. The biodegradable biological filler needs to be stored in a sealed container. The concentration of the CaCl2 solution mentioned in step (2) is 0.5-2%; The sludge concentration in solution 1 mentioned in step (3) is 3-9g. . L -1 The concentration of sodium alginate is 1-4%.

[0024] Preferably, the matrix in step (1) is selected from one or more of konjac glucomannan-based materials, chitosan-based materials, and cellulose-based materials; More preferably, the matrix in step (1) is a konjac glucomannan-based material.

[0025] Preferably, the soaking time in step (1) is selected from any value or range between 10 and 30 minutes; More preferably, the soaking time in step (1) is selected from any value or range between 10 and 30 minutes, specifically from: 10 minutes, 13 minutes, 15 minutes, 17 minutes, 20 minutes, 23 minutes, 25 minutes, 28 minutes, 30 minutes or any two of them; More preferably, the soaking time in step (1) is selected from any value or range between 10 and 30 minutes, specifically from: 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes or any two of them; More preferably, the soaking time in step (1) is selected from any value or range between 10 and 30 minutes, specifically from: 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes or any two of them; More preferably, the soaking time in step (1) is 10 minutes.

[0026] Preferably, the drying temperature in step (1) is 105°C.

[0027] Preferably, the concentration of the CaCl2 solution in step (2) is selected from any value or range between 0.5% and 2%; More preferably, the concentration of the CaCl2 solution in step (2) is selected from any value or range between 0.5% and 2%, specifically from: 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 2.0%, or any two of these ranges. More preferably, the concentration of the CaCl2 solution in step (2) is selected from any value or range between 0.5% and 2%, specifically from: 0.5%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 2.0% or any two of them; More preferably, the concentration of the CaCl2 solution in step (2) is selected from any value or range between 0.5% and 2%, specifically from: 0.5%, 1.3%, 2.0% or any two of them; More preferably, the concentration of the CaCl2 solution in step (2) is 2.0%.

[0028] Preferably, the soaking time in step (2) is selected from any value or range between 10 and 30 minutes; More preferably, the soaking time in step (2) is selected from any value or range between 10 and 30 minutes, specifically from: 10 minutes, 13 minutes, 15 minutes, 17 minutes, 20 minutes, 23 minutes, 25 minutes, 28 minutes, 30 minutes or any two of them; More preferably, the soaking time in step (2) is selected from any value or range between 10 and 30 minutes, specifically from: 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes or any two of them; More preferably, the soaking time in step (2) is selected from any value or range between 10 and 30 minutes, specifically from: 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes or any two of them; More preferably, the soaking time in step (2) is 15 minutes.

[0029] Preferably, the specific operation of the extrusion in step (2) is as follows: Take material 2 and use physical extrusion to remove excess CaCl2 solution from the surface and inside.

[0030] Preferably, the mass of the extruded material 2 in step (2) is selected from any value or range between 0.25 and 0.5 times the mass of the material 2 before extrusion; More preferably, the mass of the extruded material 2 in step (2) is selected from any value or range between 0.25 and 0.5 times the mass of the material 2 before extrusion, specifically from: 0.25 times, 0.3 times, 0.35 times, 0.4 times, 0.45 times, 0.5 times or any two of them; More preferably, the mass of the extruded material 2 in step (2) is selected from any value or range between 0.25 and 0.5 times the mass of the material 2 before extrusion, specifically from: 0.25 times, 0.3 times, 0.4 times, 0.5 times or any two of them; More preferably, the mass of the extruded material 2 in step (2) is 0.3 times the mass of the material 2 before extrusion.

[0031] Preferably, the sludge concentration in solution 1 in step (3) is selected from 3-9g. . L -1 Any value or range between; More preferably, the sludge concentration in solution 1 in step (3) is selected from 3-9g. . L -1 Any value or range between these, specifically selectable from: 3g . L -1 4g . L -1 5g . L -1 6g . L -1 7g . L -1 8g . L -1 9g . L -1 or the range between any two of them; More preferably, the sludge concentration in solution 1 in step (3) is selected from 3-9g. . L -1 Any value or range between these, specifically selectable from: 3g . L -1 5g . L -1 7g . L -1 9g . L -1 or the range between any two of them; More preferably, the sludge concentration in solution 1 in step (3) is 7g. . L -1 .

[0032] Preferably, the concentration of sodium alginate in solution 1 in step (3) is selected from any value or range between 1% and 4%. More preferably, the concentration of sodium alginate in solution 1 in step (3) is selected from any value or range between 1% and 4%, specifically from: 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4% or any two of them; More preferably, the concentration of sodium alginate in solution 1 in step (3) is selected from any value or range between 1% and 4%, specifically from: 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3.5%, 4% or any two of them; More preferably, the concentration of sodium alginate in solution 1 in step (3) is selected from any value or range between 1% and 4%, specifically from: 1%, 2%, 4% or any two of them; More preferably, the concentration of sodium alginate in solution 1 in step (3) is 2%.

[0033] Preferably, the soaking time in step (4) is selected from any value or range between 10 and 30 minutes; More preferably, the soaking time in step (4) is selected from any value or range between 10 and 30 minutes, specifically from: 10 minutes, 13 minutes, 15 minutes, 17 minutes, 20 minutes, 23 minutes, 25 minutes, 28 minutes, 30 minutes or any two of them; More preferably, the soaking time in step (4) is selected from any value or range between 10 and 30 minutes, specifically from: 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes or any two of them; More preferably, the soaking time in step (4) is selected from any value or range between 10 and 30 minutes, specifically from: 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes or any two of them; More preferably, the soaking time in step (4) is 15 minutes.

[0034] Preferably, the soaking time in step (5) is selected from any value or range between 10 and 14 hours; More preferably, the soaking time in step (5) is selected from any value or range between 10-14h, specifically from: 10h, 10.5h, 11h, 11.5h, 12h, 12.5h, 13h, 13.5h, 14h or any two of them; More preferably, the soaking time in step (5) is selected from any value or range between 10-14h, specifically from: 10h, 11h, 12h, 13h, 14h or any two of them; More preferably, the soaking time in step (5) is selected from any value or range between 10-14h, specifically from: 12h, 14h or any range between the two; More preferably, the soaking time in step (5) is 12 hours.

[0035] Preferably, the drying temperature in step (5) is selected from any value or range between 35-60°C; More preferably, the drying temperature in step (5) is selected from any value or range between 35-60℃, specifically from: 35℃, 38℃, 40℃, 42℃, 45℃, 48℃, 50℃, 52℃, 55℃, 58℃, 60℃ or any two of them. More preferably, the drying temperature in step (5) is selected from any value or range between 35-60℃, specifically from: 35℃, 38℃, 40℃, 42℃, 50℃, 55℃, 58℃, 60℃ or any two of them; More preferably, the drying temperature in step (5) is selected from any value or range between 35-60°C, specifically from: 40°C, 50°C, 60°C or any two of them; More preferably, the drying temperature in step (5) is 40°C.

[0036] Preferably, the drying time in step (5) is selected from any value or range between 5 and 10 hours; More preferably, the drying time in step (5) is selected from any value or range between 5 and 10 hours, specifically from: 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours or any two of them; More preferably, the drying time in step (5) is selected from any value or range between 5 and 10 hours, specifically from: 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 10 hours or any two of them; More preferably, the drying time in step (5) is selected from any value or range between 5 and 10 hours, specifically from 5 hours, 7 hours, 10 hours or any two of them. More preferably, the drying time in step (5) is 10 hours.

[0037] Preferably, the moisture content of the biodegradable biofiller after drying is selected from any value or range between 5% and 10%. More preferably, the moisture content of the biodegradable biofiller after drying is selected from any value or range between 5% and 10%, specifically from: 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, or any two of them. More preferably, the moisture content of the biodegradable biofiller after drying is selected from any value or range between 5% and 10%, specifically from: 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10% or any two of them. More preferably, the moisture content of the biodegradable biofiller after drying is selected from any value or range between 5% and 10%, specifically from: 5%, 6%, 8%, 10% or any two of them. More preferably, the water content of the biodegradable biofiller after drying is 6%.

[0038] Preferably, the sealing method is vacuum and / or nitrogen-filled moisture-proof sealing.

[0039] Preferably, the storage environment is a cool and dry environment.

[0040] Secondly, the present invention provides a biodegradable biofiller prepared by the above preparation method.

[0041] Thirdly, the present invention provides the application of the biodegradable biofiller prepared by the above preparation method in decentralized domestic sewage remediation.

[0042] Fourthly, the present invention provides a method for decentralized domestic sewage remediation, which is achieved by using a biodegradable biological packing material prepared by the above preparation method.

[0043] The method includes the following steps: S1. The biodegradable biological filler described in claim 5 is placed in water and soaked again to obtain the re-soaked biodegradable biological filler B. S2. Add the re-soaked biodegradable biological packing material B into the aerobic tank of domestic sewage; S3. Add an additional carbon source to the aerobic tank and continue cultivation; S4. After stopping the addition of additional carbon source, switch to treating the normal wastewater to be treated.

[0044] Preferably, the re-soaking time in step S1 is selected from any value or range between 3 and 24 hours; More preferably, the re-soaking time in step S1 is selected from any value or range between 3 and 24 hours, specifically from: 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h, 8h, 9h, 10h, 11h, 12h, 13h, 14h, 15h, 16h, 17h, 18h, 19h, 20h, 21h, 22h, 23h, 24h or any two of these ranges. More preferably, the re-soaking time in step S1 is selected from any value or range between 3 and 24 hours, specifically from: 3 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, 24 hours or any two of them. More preferably, the re-soaking time in step S1 is selected from any value or range between 3 and 24 hours, specifically from 3 hours, 10 hours, 24 hours or any two of them. More preferably, the re-soaking time in step S1 is 10 hours.

[0045] Preferably, the biodegradable biofiller B described in step S2 is in a hydrated gel state.

[0046] Preferably, the proportion of the re-foamed biodegradable biofiller B added in step S2 is selected from any value or range between 20% and 30%. More preferably, the proportion of the re-foamed biodegradable biofiller B added in step S2 is selected from any value or range between 20-30%, specifically from: 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30% or any two of them. More preferably, the proportion of the re-foamed biodegradable biofiller B added in step S2 is selected from any value or range between 20-30%, specifically from: 20%, 21%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 29%, 30% or any two of them. More preferably, the proportion of the re-foamed biodegradable biofiller B added in step S2 is selected from any value or range between 20-30%, specifically from: 20%, 25%, 30% or any two of them. More preferably, the proportion of the re-foamed biodegradable biofiller B added in step S2 is 20%.

[0047] Preferably, the additional carbon source mentioned in step S3 is selected from one or more of glucose, sodium acetate, sucrose, glycerol, ethanol, and starch; More preferably, the additional carbon source mentioned in step S3 is selected from glucose and / or sodium acetate; More preferably, the additional carbon source mentioned in step S3 is glucose.

[0048] Preferably, the COD concentration of the cultured sample in step S3 is selected from 300-600 mg. . L -1 Any value or range between; More preferably, the COD concentration of the cultured sample in step S3 is selected from 300-600 mg. . L -1 Any value or range between these values, specifically selectable from: 300mg . L -1 320mg . L -1 350mg. L -1 380mg . L -1 400mg . L -1 420mg . L -1 450mg . L -1 480mg . L -1 500mg . L -1 520mg . L -1 550mg . L -1 580mg . L -1 600mg . L -1 or the range between any two of them; More preferably, the COD concentration of the cultured sample in step S3 is selected from 300-600 mg. . L -1 Any value or range between these values, specifically selectable from: 300mg . L -1 350mg . L -1 400mg . L -1 450mg . L -1 500mg . L -1 550mg . L -1 600mg . L -1 or the range between any two of them; More preferably, the COD concentration of the cultured sample in step S3 is selected from 300-600 mg. . L -1 Any value or range between these values, specifically selectable from: 300mg . L -1 500mg . L -1 600mg . L -1 or the range between any two of them; More preferably, the COD concentration during cultivation in step S3 is 500 mg. . L -1 .

[0049] Preferably, the dissolved oxygen concentration during the culture in step S3 is selected from 1.5-4.0 mg. . L -1 Any value or range between; More preferably, the dissolved oxygen concentration during the culture in step S3 is selected from 1.5-4.0 mg. . L -1 Any value or range between these values, specifically selected from: 1.5mg . L -1 2.0mg . L -1 2.5mg . L -1 3.0mg . L -1 3.5mg . L -1 4.0mg . L -1 or the range between any two of them; More preferably, the dissolved oxygen concentration during the culture in step S3 is selected from 1.5-4.0 mg. . L -1 Any value or range between these values, specifically selected from: 1.5mg . L -1 2.0mg . L -1 3.0mg . L -1 4.0mg . L -1 or the range between any two of them; More preferably, the dissolved oxygen concentration during the culture in step S3 is selected from 1.5-4.0 mg. . L -1 Any value or range between these values, specifically selected from: 1.5mg . L -1 3.0mg . L -1 4.0mg . L -1 or the range between any two of them; More preferably, the dissolved oxygen concentration during the culture in step S3 is 3.0 mg. . L -1 .

[0050] Preferably, the culture time in step S3 is selected from any value or range between 2 and 10 days; More preferably, the culture time in step S3 is selected from any value or range between 2 and 10 days, specifically from: 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days or any range between two of them; More preferably, the culture time in step S3 is selected from any value or range between 2 and 10 days, specifically from: 2 days, 3 days, 5 days, 6 days, 9 days, 10 days or any range between two of them; More preferably, the culture time in step S3 is selected from any value or range between 2 and 10 days, specifically from: 2 days, 3 days, 10 days or any two of them; More preferably, the culture time in step S3 is 3 days.

[0051] Preferably, the dissolved oxygen concentration during the operation in step S4 is 3.0 mg. . L -1 .

[0052] Based on further solutions to the technical problems of the present invention, or simultaneous solutions to multiple technical problems, the preferred solution in the technical solution provided in the first aspect of the present invention includes: The first priority solution is a method for preparing a biodegradable biofiller. This solution not only addresses the technical problem of "poor adsorption and degradation capacity of pollutants," but also further solves the technical problem of "existing biofillers being environmentally unfriendly."

[0053] The second preferred option is a method for storing biodegradable biofillers. This technical solution, in addition to solving the technical problem of "inconvenient storage and transportation," further addresses the technical problems of "easy loss of microorganisms and functional separation."

[0054] The third preferred solution: an application method for a biodegradable biofiller. This solution, in addition to addressing the technical problem of "poor microbial metabolic activity and system stability," further solves the technical problem of "slow start-up."

[0055] The basic embodiments 1-3 of this invention at least support the protection scope of the concentration of CaCl2 solution in the claims.

[0056] The technical feature "the concentration of CaCl2 solution is 0.5-2%" is derived from the corresponding technical features of CaCl2 solution concentration (0.5%, 1.3%, 2%, etc.) in the foregoing explanation and / or basic embodiments 1-3, summarized by the common feature "concentration of CaCl2 solution". Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably infer that the technical feature "the concentration of CaCl2 solution is 0.5-2%", its subordinate concepts and their basically equivalent technical means, and technical means that can replace "the concentration of CaCl2 solution is 0.5-2%" based on existing technology and conventional technical means and common knowledge, should all fall within the protection scope of the CaCl2 solution concentration in the claims. For example, replacing "the concentration of CaCl2 solution is 0.5-2%" with a CaCl2 solution concentration of 0.6%, 1.5%, 1.6%, etc., while keeping other technical features unchanged, still falls within the protection scope of the CaCl2 solution concentration in the claims of this invention.

[0057] The basic embodiments 1-3 of this invention at least support the protection scope of the sludge concentration in solution 1 in the claims.

[0058] Technical feature: "The sludge concentration in solution 1 is 3-9g" . L -1 "The sludge concentration in solution 1 is 3g, as explained above and / or in the corresponding technical features of the basic embodiments 1-3." . L -1 7g . L -1 9g . L -1 This is derived from the common characteristic "sludge concentration in solution 1". Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably infer that the technical characteristic "sludge concentration in solution 1 is 3-9g" is accurate. . L -1 "The sub-concepts and their basic equivalent technical means, based on the existing technical level, can replace "the sludge concentration in solution 1 is 3-9g" within the scope of conventional technical means and common knowledge. . L -1 The technical means described in the claim, such as "the sludge concentration in solution 1 is 3-9g", should all fall within the scope of protection of the sludge concentration in solution 1. For example, if other technical features remain unchanged, the claim could include "the sludge concentration in solution 1 is 3-9g". . L -1 "Replace with a sludge concentration of 8g in solution 1" . L -1 The concentrations of sludge in solution 1, etc., still fall within the protection scope of the claims of this invention.

[0059] The basic embodiments 1-3 of this invention at least support the protection scope of the concentration of sodium alginate in solution 1 of the claims.

[0060] The technical feature "the concentration of sodium alginate in solution 1 is 1-4%" is derived from the common feature "the concentration of sodium alginate in solution 1" by the corresponding technical features of 1%, 2%, and 4% in the foregoing explanation and / or basic embodiments 1-3. Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably infer that the technical feature "the concentration of sodium alginate in solution 1 is 1-4%", its subordinate concepts and their basically equivalent technical means, and technical means that can replace "the concentration of sodium alginate in solution 1 is 1-4%" based on the existing technical level and conventional technical means and common knowledge, should all fall within the protection scope of the concentration of sodium alginate in solution 1 in the claims. For example, replacing "the concentration of sodium alginate in solution 1 is 1-4%" with a concentration of 1.5% in solution 1 while keeping other technical features unchanged still falls within the protection scope of the concentration of sodium alginate in solution 1 in the claims of this invention.

[0061] In this invention, basic embodiments 1-3 at least support the protection range of the drying temperature described in step (5) of the claim.

[0062] The technical feature “the drying temperature described in step (5) is 35-60℃” is derived from the common feature “drying temperature” by summarizing the corresponding technical feature “drying temperature” in step (5) of the foregoing explanation and / or basic embodiments 1-3. Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably infer that the technical feature “the drying temperature described in step (5) is 35-60℃”, its subordinate concepts and their basically equivalent technical means, and technical means that can replace “the drying temperature described in step (5) is 35-60℃” based on the existing technical level and conventional technical means and common knowledge, should all fall within the protection scope of the drying temperature described in step (5) of the claims. For example, if “the drying temperature described in step (5) is 35-60℃” is replaced with the drying temperature described in step (5) being 35℃, 41℃, etc., while other technical features remain unchanged, it still falls within the protection scope of the drying temperature described in step (5) of the claims of this invention.

[0063] The basic embodiments 1-3 of this invention at least support the protection scope of the drying time described in step (5) of the claims.

[0064] The technical feature “the drying time described in step (5) is 5-10h” is derived from the common feature “drying time” by summarizing the corresponding technical features “step (5)” described in the foregoing explanation and / or basic embodiments 1-3, which are 5h, 7h, 10h, etc. Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably infer that the technical feature “the drying time described in step (5) is 5-10h”, its subordinate concepts and their basically equivalent technical means, and technical means that can replace “the drying time described in step (5) is 5-10h” based on the existing technical level and conventional technical means and common knowledge, should all fall within the protection scope of the drying time described in step (5) in the claims. For example, if “the drying time described in step (5) is 5-10h” is replaced with the drying time described in step (5) is 6h, etc., while other technical features remain unchanged, it still falls within the protection scope of the drying time described in step (5) in the claims of this invention.

[0065] In this invention, embodiments 1-5 at least support the protection scope of the re-soaking time described in step S1 of the claims.

[0066] The technical feature "the re-soaking time in step S1 is 3-24 hours" is derived from the common feature "re-soaking time" in the foregoing explanation and / or embodiments 1-5, where the re-soaking time in step S1 is 3 hours, 10 hours, or 24 hours. Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably infer that the technical feature "the re-soaking time in step S1 is 3-24 hours," its subordinate concepts, its essentially equivalent technical means, and technical means that can replace "the re-soaking time in step S1 is 3-24 hours" based on existing technology and conventional technical means and common knowledge, should all fall within the protection scope of the re-soaking time in step S1 of the claims. For example, replacing "the re-soaking time in step S1 is 3-24 hours" with a re-soaking time of 6 hours in step S1 while keeping other technical features unchanged still falls within the protection scope of the re-soaking time in step S1 of the claims of this invention.

[0067] Examples 1-5 of this invention at least support the protection scope of the input ratio of biological packing material B described in step S2 of the claims.

[0068] The technical feature "the input ratio of biological packing material B in step S2 is 20-30%" is derived from the aforementioned explanation and / or the corresponding technical feature in Examples 1-5, where the input ratio of biological packing material B in step S2 is 20%, 25%, 30%, etc., summarized by the common feature "input ratio of biological packing material B". Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably infer that the technical feature "the input ratio of biological packing material B in step S2 is 20-30%", its subordinate concepts and their basically equivalent technical means, and technical means that can replace "the input ratio of biological packing material B in step S2 is 20-30%" based on the existing technical level, conventional technical means and common knowledge, should all fall within the protection scope of the input ratio of biological packing material B in step S2 in the claims. For example, if other technical features remain unchanged, replacing "the input ratio of biological packing material B in step S2 is 20-30%" with an input ratio of 28% for biological packing material B in step S2 still falls within the protection scope of the input ratio of biological packing material B in step S2 in the claims of this invention.

[0069] Examples 1-5 of this invention at least support the protection range of the COD concentration of the cultured organism described in step S3 of the claims.

[0070] Technical feature: "The COD concentration of the culture in step S3 is 300-600 mg" . L -1 The COD concentration of the culture, as explained above and / or according to the corresponding technical feature S3 in Examples 1-5, is 300 mg. . L -1 500mg . L -1 600mg . L -1 This is derived from the common characteristic "COD concentration during cultivation". Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably infer that the technical characteristic "COD concentration during cultivation in step S3 is 300-600 mg" is accurate. . L -1 "The subordinate concepts and their basic equivalent technical means, based on the existing technical level, can replace "the COD concentration of the culture described in step S3 is 300-600 mg" within the scope of conventional technical means and common knowledge. . L -1 All technical means that require the stated COD concentration in step S3 of the claim should fall within the scope of protection of the COD concentration in the culture. For example, if other technical features remain unchanged, the statement "the COD concentration in the culture in step S3 is 300-600 mg" could be used. . L -1 Replace "with the COD concentration of the culture described in step S3 as 400 mg" . L-1 The COD concentration obtained from the cultivation process described in step S3 of the claims of this invention is still within the scope of protection.

[0071] Examples 1-5 of this invention at least support the protection range of the dissolved oxygen concentration of the culture described in step S3 of the claims.

[0072] Technical feature: "The dissolved oxygen concentration during the culture described in step S3 is 1.5-4.0 mg." . L -1 The dissolved oxygen concentration for the culture, as explained above and / or according to the corresponding technical feature S3 in Examples 1-5, is 1.5 mg. . L -1 3.0mg . L -1 4.0mg . L -1 This is summarized from the common characteristic "dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation". Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably infer that the technical characteristic "dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation in step S3" is 1.5-4.0 mg . L -1 The sub-concepts and their basic equivalent technical means, and the alternatives based on existing technology and conventional technical means and common knowledge, are described in step S3, where the dissolved oxygen concentration for cultivation is 1.5-4.0 mg. . L -1 The technical means described in the claim, such as "the dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture described in step S3 is 1.5-4.0 mg", should all fall within the scope of protection of the dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture described in step S3. For example, if other technical features remain unchanged, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture described in step S3 can be changed to 1.5-4.0 mg. . L -1 Replace "with the dissolved oxygen concentration of the culture described in step S3 as 2.0 mg" . L -1 The dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation as described in step S3 of the claims of this invention is still within the scope of protection.

[0073] Examples 1-5 of this invention at least support the protection scope of the culture time described in step S3 of the claims.

[0074] The technical feature "the cultivation time described in step S3 is 2-10 days" is derived from the common feature "cultivation time," which is summarized by the corresponding technical feature S3 described in the foregoing explanation and / or embodiments 1-5, where the cultivation time is 2 days, 3 days, or 10 days. Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably infer that the technical feature "the cultivation time described in step S3 is 2-10 days," its subordinate concepts, its basically equivalent technical means, and technical means that can replace "the cultivation time described in step S3 is 2-10 days" based on existing technology and conventional technical means and common knowledge, should all fall within the protection scope of the cultivation time described in step S3 of the claims. For example, replacing "the cultivation time described in step S3 is 2-10 days" with a cultivation time of 4 days in step S3 while keeping other technical features unchanged still falls within the protection scope of the cultivation time described in step S3 of the claims of this invention. The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) Constructing efficient and stable microbial systems By employing sodium alginate-calcium chloride crosslinking and immobilization technology, functional microorganisms from activated sludge are efficiently immobilized within and on the surface of a three-dimensional porous packing material, forming a structurally stable and highly bioactive composite biofilm. This membrane system can significantly enhance the adsorption capacity and degradation rate of pollutants, achieving simultaneous and efficient removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus pollutants in a single aerobic tank, thus solving the problems of easy microbial loss and functional separation in traditional processes.

[0075] (2) Achieve lightweight storage and rapid start-up of packing material By using biodegradable natural polymer materials as the matrix and combining optimized drying and sealing packaging processes, the filler can be stored and transported for a long time in a lightweight, dry form, greatly improving its applicability in decentralized scenarios. During use, only simple rehydration and short-term acclimatization are required for the system to quickly establish efficient biological treatment capabilities, significantly shortening the start-up cycle of traditional processes.

[0076] (3) It has the combined advantages of being both green and environmentally friendly and economically practical. The main components of the packing material are natural biodegradable materials such as konjac glucomannan and chitosan. After the treatment is completed, it can gradually decompose in the natural environment without the need for recycling, thus avoiding the secondary pollution risk of traditional packing materials. The overall preparation process is simple and the raw material cost is low, which significantly reduces the cost of production, transportation, operation and maintenance, and end-of-life disposal while ensuring treatment efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0077] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation process for biodegradable biofillers.

[0078] Figure 2 A photograph of the biodegradable biofiller prepared in Example 1.

[0079] Figure 3 Electron micrograph of the biodegradable biofiller prepared in Example 1.

[0080] Figure 4 The ammonia nitrogen removal rate of the biodegradable biofiller used in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-9.

[0081] Figure 5 The total phosphorus removal rate of the biodegradable biofiller used in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-9.

[0082] Figure 6 The COD removal rate of the biodegradable biofiller used in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-9 is given. Detailed Implementation

[0083] The following non-limiting embodiments are intended to enable those skilled in the art to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. The following content is merely an exemplary description of the scope of protection claimed by the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention based on the disclosed content, and such changes should also fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0084] The present invention will be further described below by way of specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, all instruments, devices, equipment, reagents, products, etc., used in the embodiments of the present invention are obtained through conventional commercial means.

[0085] Table 1

[0086] Basic Example 1: Preparation and Storage of a Biodegradable Biofiller The matrix used in this embodiment is konjac glucomannan-based material, cut into cubes with dimensions of 1cm×1cm×1cm and an average dry weight of 0.22g.

[0087] (1) Soak the konjac glucomannan-based material in water for 10 minutes, and then dry it at 105°C to constant weight to obtain material 1; (2) Immerse material 1 in CaCl2 solution with a concentration of 2% for 15 minutes. After immersion, remove excess CaCl2 solution from the surface and inside by physical extrusion to obtain material 2. The mass of material 2 after extrusion is 0.3 times the mass before extrusion. (3) Mix the sludge with sodium alginate and water to obtain solution 1, in which the sludge concentration is 7g. . L -1 Sodium alginate concentration 2%; (4) Immediately immerse material 2 in solution 1 and soak for 15 minutes to allow sodium alginate and calcium ions to fully crosslink, thus obtaining material 3; (5) Take out material 3, soak it in clean water for 12 hours, and then dry it at 40°C for 10 hours to obtain the biodegradable biological filler. The water content of the dried biodegradable biological filler is 6%. After vacuum sealing the dried biodegradable biological filler, store it in a cool and dry environment for transportation and long-term storage.

[0088] Basic Example 2: Preparation and Storage of a Biodegradable Biofiller The matrix used in this embodiment is a chitosan-based material, cut into cubes with dimensions of 1cm×1cm×1cm and an average dry weight of 0.22 g.

[0089] (1) Soak the chitosan-based material in water for 10 minutes, and then dry it at 105°C to constant weight to obtain material 1; (2) Immerse material 1 in CaCl2 solution with a concentration of 0.5% for 30 minutes. After immersion, remove excess CaCl2 solution from the surface and interior by physical extrusion to obtain material 2. The mass of material 2 after extrusion is 0.3 times the mass before extrusion. (3) Mix the sludge with sodium alginate and water to obtain solution 1, in which the sludge concentration is 9g. . L -1 Sodium alginate concentration 4%; (4) Immediately immerse material 2 in solution 1 and soak for 10 minutes to allow sodium alginate and calcium ions to fully crosslink, thus obtaining material 3; (5) Take out material 3, soak it in clean water for 14 hours, and then dry it at 60°C for 5 hours to obtain the biodegradable biological filler. The water content of the dried biodegradable biological filler is 6%. After vacuum sealing the dried biodegradable biological filler, store it in a cool and dry environment for transportation and long-term storage.

[0090] Basic Example 3: Preparation and Storage of a Biodegradable Biofiller The matrix used in this embodiment is a cellulose-based material, cut into cubes with dimensions of 1cm×1cm×1cm, and an average dry weight of 0.22g.

[0091] (1) Soak the cellulose-based material in water for 10 minutes, and then dry it at 105°C to constant weight to obtain material 1; (2) Immerse material 1 in CaCl2 solution with a concentration of 1.3% for 10 minutes. After immersion, remove excess CaCl2 solution from the surface and interior by physical extrusion to obtain material 2. The mass of material 2 after extrusion is 0.3 times the mass before extrusion. (3) Mix the sludge with sodium alginate and water to obtain solution 1, in which the sludge concentration is 3g. . L -1 Sodium alginate concentration 1%; (4) Immediately immerse material 2 in solution 1 and soak for 30 minutes to allow sodium alginate and calcium ions to fully crosslink, thus obtaining material 3; (5) Take out material 3, soak it in clean water for 12 hours, and then dry it at 50°C for 7 hours to obtain the biodegradable biological filler. The water content of the dried biodegradable biological filler is 6%. After vacuum sealing, the dried biodegradable biological filler is stored in a cool and dry environment for transportation and long-term storage.

[0092] Basic Comparison Example 1 The difference from the basic embodiment 1 is that the matrix in step (1) is a polyurethane-based material, and the remaining steps are the same as those in the basic embodiment 1.

[0093] Basic Comparative Example 2 The difference from Basic Example 1 is that the concentrations of CaCl2 solution, sludge, and sodium alginate are different from those in Basic Example 1. (2) Immerse material 1 in CaCl2 solution with a concentration of 0.4% for 15 minutes. After immersion, remove excess CaCl2 solution from the surface and interior by physical extrusion to obtain material 2. The mass of material 2 after extrusion is 0.3 times the mass before extrusion. (3) Mix the sludge with sodium alginate and water to obtain solution 1, in which the sludge concentration is 10g. . L -1 Sodium alginate concentration 5%; The remaining steps are the same as in basic embodiment 1.

[0094] Basic Comparison Example 3 The difference from Basic Example 1 is that the concentrations of CaCl2 solution, sludge, and sodium alginate are different from those in Basic Example 1. (2) Immerse material 1 in CaCl2 solution with a concentration of 2.5% for 15 minutes. After immersion, remove excess CaCl2 solution from the surface and inside by physical extrusion to obtain material 2. The mass of material 2 after extrusion is 0.3 times the mass before extrusion. (3) Mix the sludge with sodium alginate and water to obtain solution 1, in which the sludge concentration is 2.5g. . L -1 Sodium alginate concentration 0.8%; The remaining steps are the same as in basic embodiment 1.

[0095] Basic Comparative Example 4 The difference from the basic embodiment 1 is that the drying conditions in step (5) are changed; (5) Take out material 3, soak it in clean water for 12 hours, and then dry it at 65°C for 4.5 hours to obtain the biodegradable biological filler. The water content of the dried biodegradable biological filler is 4.5%. Store the dried biodegradable biological filler at room temperature for transportation and long-term storage.

[0096] Basic Comparison Example 5 The difference from the basic embodiment 1 is that the drying conditions in step (5) are changed; (5) Take out material 3, soak it in clean water for 12 hours, and then dry it at 30°C for 12 hours to obtain the biodegradable biological filler. The water content of the dried biodegradable biological filler is 12%. Store the dried biodegradable biological filler at room temperature for transportation and long-term storage.

[0097] The remaining steps are the same as in basic embodiment 1.

[0098] Basic Comparison Example 6 The difference from the basic embodiment 1 is that step (5) is omitted, while the remaining steps are the same as those in the basic embodiment 1.

[0099] Example 1: Application of a biodegradable biofiller S1. The biodegradable biofiller prepared in basic Example 1 is placed in clean water and soaked for 10 hours to restore its hydrated gel state, thus obtaining the re-soaked biodegradable biofiller B. S2. Add the re-soaked biodegradable biological packing material B to the aerobic tank for treating domestic sewage at a ratio of 20%. S3. Add glucose to the aerobic tank as an additional carbon source for cultivation, where the COD concentration during cultivation is 500 mg. . L -1 The dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation was 3 mg. . L -1 They were cultured for 3 days to enrich the mounted functional microorganisms; S4. After stopping the addition of additional carbon source, switch to the normal wastewater to be treated for operation, where the dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation is 3 mg. . L -1 Take samples for later use.

[0100] Example 2: Application of a biodegradable biofiller S1. The biodegradable biofiller prepared in Basic Example 1 is placed in clean water and soaked for 3 hours to restore its hydrated gel state, thus obtaining the re-soaked biodegradable biofiller B. S2. Add the re-soaked biodegradable biological packing material B to the aerobic tank for treating domestic sewage at a ratio of 30%. S3. Add glucose to the aerobic tank as an additional carbon source for cultivation, where the COD concentration during cultivation is 300 mg. . L -1 The dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation was 1.5 mg. . L -1 They were cultured for 10 days to enrich the mounted functional microorganisms; S4. After stopping the addition of additional carbon source, switch to the normal wastewater to be treated for operation, where the dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation is 3 mg. . L -1 Take samples for later use.

[0101] Example 3: Application of a biodegradable biofiller S1. The biodegradable biofiller prepared in Basic Example 1 is placed in clean water and soaked for 24 hours to restore its hydrated gel state, thus obtaining the re-soaked biodegradable biofiller B. S2. Add the re-soaked biodegradable biological packing material B to the aerobic tank for treating domestic sewage at a ratio of 25%. S3. Add glucose to the aerobic tank as an additional carbon source for cultivation, where the COD concentration during cultivation is 600 mg. . L -1 The dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation was 4.0 mg. . L -1 They were cultured for two days to enrich the mounted functional microorganisms. S4. After stopping the addition of additional carbon source, switch to the normal wastewater to be treated for operation, where the dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation is 3 mg. . L -1 Take samples for later use.

[0102] Example 4: Application of a biodegradable biofiller S1. The biodegradable biofiller prepared in Basic Example 2 is placed in clean water and soaked for 10 hours to restore its hydrated gel state, thus obtaining the re-soaked biodegradable biofiller B. S2. Add the re-soaked biodegradable biological packing material B to the aerobic tank for treating domestic sewage at a ratio of 20%. S3. Add glucose to the aerobic tank as an additional carbon source for cultivation, where the COD concentration during cultivation is 500 mg. . L-1 The dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation was 3 mg. . L -1 They were cultured for 3 days to enrich the mounted functional microorganisms; S4. After stopping the addition of additional carbon source, switch to the normal wastewater to be treated for operation, where the dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation is 3 mg. . L -1 Take samples for later use.

[0103] Example 5: Application of a biodegradable biofiller S1. The biodegradable biofiller prepared in basic example 3 is placed in clean water and soaked for 10 hours to restore its hydrated gel state, thus obtaining the re-soaked biodegradable biofiller B. S2. Add the re-soaked biodegradable biological packing material B to the aerobic tank for treating domestic sewage at a ratio of 20%. S3. Add glucose to the aerobic tank as an additional carbon source for cultivation, where the COD concentration during cultivation is 500 mg. . L -1 The dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation was 3 mg. . L -1 They were cultured for 3 days to enrich the mounted functional microorganisms; S4. After stopping the addition of additional carbon source, switch to operation with the normal wastewater to be treated, where the dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation is 3 mg. . L -1 Take samples for later use.

[0104] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is as follows: S1. The biodegradable biofiller prepared in Basic Example 1 is placed in clean water and soaked for 2.5 hours to restore its hydrated gel state, thus obtaining the re-soaked biodegradable biofiller B. S2. Add the re-soaked biodegradable biological packing material B to the aerobic tank for treating domestic sewage at a ratio of 15%. S3. Add glucose to the aerobic tank as an additional carbon source for cultivation, where the COD concentration during cultivation is 280 mg. . L -1 The dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation was 1 mg. . L -1 They were cultured for 11 days to enrich the mounted functional microorganisms; S4. After stopping the addition of additional carbon source, switch to the normal wastewater to be treated for operation, where the dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation is 3 mg. . L -1 Take samples for later use.

[0105] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is as follows: S1. The biodegradable biofiller prepared in basic Example 1 is placed in clean water and soaked for 25 hours to restore its hydrated gel state, thus obtaining the re-soaked biodegradable biofiller B. S2. Add the re-soaked biodegradable biological packing material B to the aerobic tank for treating domestic sewage at a ratio of 35%. S3. Add glucose to the aerobic tank as an additional carbon source for cultivation, where the COD concentration during cultivation is 620 mg. . L -1 The dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation was 4.5 mg. . L -1 They were cultured for 1.5 days to enrich the mounted functional microorganisms; S4. After stopping the addition of additional carbon source, switch to the normal wastewater to be treated for operation, where the dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation is 3 mg. . L -1 Take samples for later use.

[0106] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0107] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that the biodegradable biofiller is changed, specifically: S1. The biodegradable biofiller prepared in basic comparative example 1 was placed in clean water and soaked for 10 hours to restore its hydrated gel state, thus obtaining the re-soaked biodegradable biofiller B. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0108] Comparative Example 4 The difference from Example 1 is that the biodegradable biofiller is changed, specifically: S1. The biodegradable biofiller prepared in basic comparative example 2 was placed in clean water and soaked for 10 hours to restore its hydrated gel state, thus obtaining the re-soaked biodegradable biofiller B. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0109] Comparative Example 5 The difference from Example 1 is that the biodegradable biofiller is changed, specifically: S1. The biodegradable biofiller prepared in basic comparative example 3 was placed in clean water and soaked for 10 hours to restore its hydrated gel state, thus obtaining the re-soaked biodegradable biofiller B. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0110] Comparative Example 6 The difference from Example 1 is that the biodegradable biofiller is changed, specifically: S1. The biodegradable biofiller prepared in basic comparative example 4 was placed in clean water and soaked for 10 hours to restore its hydrated gel state, thus obtaining the re-soaked biodegradable biofiller B. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0111] Comparative Example 7 The difference from Example 1 is that the biodegradable biofiller is changed, specifically: S1. The biodegradable biofiller prepared in basic comparative example 5 was placed in clean water and soaked for 10 hours to restore its hydrated gel state, thus obtaining the re-soaked biodegradable biofiller B. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0112] Comparative Example 8 The difference from Example 1 is that the biodegradable biofiller is changed, specifically: S1. The biodegradable biofiller prepared in basic comparative example 6 was placed in clean water and soaked for 10 hours to restore its hydrated gel state, thus obtaining the re-soaked biodegradable biofiller B. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0113] Comparative Example 9 The difference from Example 1 is that the biodegradable biofiller prepared in Basic Comparative Example 1 is not re-foamed, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0114] Test Example 1: Simultaneous nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon reduction efficiency (1) Experimental methods (1.1) Determination of ammonia nitrogen in water: Nessler's reagent spectrophotometric method (HJ 535-2009); ① Pretreatment: For colored, turbid, or interfering water samples, flocculation and sedimentation or distillation are performed; ② Color development: Take an appropriate amount of pretreated water sample, add Nessler's reagent, mix well and let stand; ③ Measurement: The absorbance is measured at a wavelength of 420 nm using a cuvette with an optical path length (usually 20 mm). ④ Calculation: Calculate the ammonia nitrogen concentration based on the standard curve.

[0115] (1.2) Determination of total phosphorus in water: Ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method (HJ 671-2013) ① Digestion: Take an appropriate amount of water sample, add potassium persulfate, and digest it in a high-pressure steam sterilizer or electric hot plate at 120℃ for 30 minutes to convert all phosphorus-containing compounds into orthophosphate; ② Color development: After digestion and cooling, add ammonium molybdate and ascorbic acid solution, mix well and let stand; ③ Measurement: The absorbance is measured at a wavelength of 700 nm using a cuvette with an optical path length (usually 30 mm). ④ Calculation: Calculate the total phosphorus concentration based on the standard curve.

[0116] (1.3) Chemical oxygen demand (COD): Determination of chemical oxygen demand in water quality by rapid digestion spectrophotometry (HJ / T399-2007) ① Digestion: Take an appropriate amount of water sample into a special digestion tube, add potassium dichromate digestion solution and sulfuric acid-silver sulfate catalyst, seal and place in a 165℃ digester and heat for 15 minutes; ② Cooling and mixing: After digestion, remove and cool, then shake well; ③ Measurement: Use a spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance at the corresponding wavelength; ④ Calculation: The COD value can be calculated by the instrument's built-in function or manually based on the standard curve.

[0117] (2) Experimental results Compared to the ammonia nitrogen removal rate, total phosphorus removal rate, and COD removal rate of Comparative Examples 1-9, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate, total phosphorus removal rate, and COD removal rate of Examples 1-5 all remained at a high level. Excessively short or long re-soaking time, excessively low or high COD concentration, and excessively low or high dosage ratios all significantly affected the ammonia nitrogen removal rate, total phosphorus removal rate, and COD removal rate. Furthermore, it was unexpectedly discovered during the preparation process that when the type of substrate packing and its mass ratio to activated sludge and sodium alginate were within a certain range, the prepared biodegradable biological packing could fix the activated sludge in the pores and surface of the packing, resulting in better nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon removal effects. During the storage of the biological packing, the drying temperature and time significantly affected the microbial activity in the activated sludge.

[0118] Finally, it should be noted that the above content is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Simple modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention do not depart from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a biodegradable biofiller, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Soak the matrix in water and dry it to constant weight to obtain material 1; (2) Immerse material 1 in CaCl2 solution, remove it and squeeze it to obtain material 2; (3) Mix the sludge with sodium alginate and water to obtain solution 1; (4) Immediately immerse material 2 in solution 1 and soak it thoroughly to obtain material 3; (5) Soak material 3 in water and then dry it to obtain the biodegradable biological filler. The biodegradable biological filler needs to be stored in a sealed container. The concentration of the CaCl2 solution mentioned in step (2) is 0.5-2%; The sludge concentration in solution 1 mentioned in step (3) is 3-9g. . L -1 The concentration of sodium alginate is 1-4%.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The matrix in step (1) is selected from one or more of konjac glucomannan-based materials, chitosan-based materials, and cellulose-based materials.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The matrix described in step (1) is a konjac glucomannan-based material.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drying temperature in step (5) is 35-60℃ and the time is 5-10h.

5. The biodegradable biofiller prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-4.

6. The application of the biodegradable biofiller prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-4 in decentralized domestic sewage remediation.

7. A method for decentralized domestic sewage remediation, characterized in that, The biodegradable biofiller is prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 1-4.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The biodegradable biological filler described in claim 5 is placed in water and soaked again to obtain the re-soaked biodegradable biological filler B. S2. Add the re-soaked biodegradable biological packing material B into the aerobic tank of domestic sewage; S3. Add an additional carbon source to the aerobic tank and continue cultivation; S4. After stopping the addition of additional carbon source, switch to treating the normal wastewater to be treated.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The re-soaking time in step S1 is 3-24 hours, and the proportion of biological filler B added in step S2 is 20-30%.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The COD concentration of the cultured organism described in step S3 is 300-600 mg. . L -1 The dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation was 1.5-4.0 mg. . L -1 The cultivation time is 2-10 days.

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