Multi-pond wetland ecological management method and regulation and control system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of multi-type pond wetland ecological management, in particular to a multi-type pond wetland ecological management method and a regulation and control system. According to the invention, a whole-process multi-pond wetland ecological management system is constructed, accurate desilting of pond bodies and substrate pretreatment are carried out, seven-stage gradient purification pond bodies are connected in series to form a multi-pond wetland group, and a'plant-animal-microorganism 'three-in-one water ecological system is constructed synchronously; finally, closed-loop management and control of aeration regulation and control, water quality early warning and intelligent shunting are realized by means of real-time water quality monitoring. Therefore, a native ecological base can be precisely protected, the multi-source pollution purification efficiency is greatly improved, the self-purification capacity of a water body is fundamentally improved, the problem of water quality rebound after treatment is solved, the method is adaptive to rural limited construction scenes, and the advantages of ecological benefits and low-cost operation and maintenance are achieved; the technical problems that a small pond body is insufficient in desilting precision, the purification mode is single, an ecological system is prone to degradation, and long-acting regulation and control are lacked are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological management technology for multi-type pond wetlands, specifically a method and control system for ecological management of multi-type pond wetlands. Background Technology

[0002] At present, the ecological management of small ponds and artificial wetlands mainly focuses on dredging, construction of single stabilization ponds, aeration and oxygenation of water bodies, and planting of aquatic plants, which can achieve short-term improvement of pond water quality.

[0003] However, when faced with the unique engineering scenario of scattered ponds in villages and towns in low-mountain and hilly areas, the aforementioned existing technologies are insufficient to form a comprehensive, systematic, and long-term stable governance system. The main reasons are: 1. In the water purification process, most of the single pond or single-stage wetland models are used, which cannot achieve gradient-targeted removal of different pollutants. They are poorly adaptable to multi-source mixed sewage, have low nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, and some multi-stage wetland processes have unreasonable dissolved oxygen gradient designs. They have not formed a multi-pond wetland group with synergistic functions, making it difficult to achieve deep purification of pollutants.

[0004] 2. In the ecosystem construction stage, there is a common problem of "emphasizing engineering and neglecting ecology". Simply planting aquatic plants and releasing aquatic animals without considering the synergistic design of plant, animal and microbial systems makes it difficult to form a complete food chain and material cycle system. The water body has a weak self-purification capacity, and the water quality is prone to rebound after treatment. The aeration device is also not targeted and cannot give full play to the degradation efficiency of microorganisms.

[0005] 3. In the water quality control process, the extensive monitoring model of manual inspection and laboratory testing is mostly adopted, which cannot achieve real-time online monitoring of water quality parameters and makes it difficult to provide reliable data support for precise regulation.

[0006] 4. In the operation and maintenance control phase, a closed-loop control logic for water quality monitoring and system operation has not been formed. Aeration and rainwater and sewage separation control mostly adopt fixed time sequence control, which cannot be dynamically adjusted according to water quality. Furthermore, there is a lack of a sound water quality anomaly early warning mechanism, resulting in high operation and maintenance costs, slow response, and difficulty in ensuring long-term stable operation of the system.

[0007] In summary, existing pond wetland ecological governance technologies cannot simultaneously meet the needs of deep purification of multi-source pollution in village and town ponds in low-mountain and hilly areas, as well as the goals of long-term ecological operation and maintenance. A multi-type pond wetland ecological governance method integrating pond base pretreatment, multi-level gradient purification pond construction, full-chain aquatic ecosystem construction, real-time online water quality monitoring, and intelligent closed-loop control has not yet been formed. This makes it difficult to fundamentally solve the core problems of water quality deterioration and ecosystem degradation in scattered village and town ponds, becoming a key bottleneck restricting the technological development and engineering application in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the technical challenge of achieving long-term water purification and stable ecosystem restoration in existing small ponds, this invention provides a multi-type pond wetland ecological management method and control system.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for ecological restoration of multi-type pond wetlands includes the following steps: S1. Dredging is carried out on the bottom of several ponds. After dredging, earthwork shaping and seepage prevention are carried out on the ponds. Then, ecological base improvement and environmental creation are carried out on the ponds. S2. Connect several ponds in sequence to form a multi-level gradient purification water flow path, resulting in treatment units connected in sequence according to the water flow direction, including pre-ecological sedimentation pond, low-oxygen pond, aeration pond, oxidation pond, surface flow wetland, aquatic plant pond and dry stream. S3. Construct aquatic plant communities, aquatic animal communities, and microbial systems in each treatment unit, and install aeration devices in the aeration pond and oxidation pond. S4. Real-time online monitoring of water quality parameters in each treatment unit; S5. Based on real-time water quality parameters, implement closed-loop control for various types of pond wetlands, including power control of aeration devices, early warning of water quality anomalies, and separation control of rainwater and sewage.

[0010] As a further improvement to the above scheme: during dredging operations, the dredging depth is set at 0.5m, and the dredging depth is monitored in real time to control the dredging depth error within the range of 0 to -5cm; the sludge generated from dredging is transported to geotextile bags on the shore, and environmentally friendly flocculants are added simultaneously for dewatering and consolidation. The consolidated dry mud is used for shoreline restoration or land reclamation; for irregularly shaped corner areas of the pond, dredging is assisted by long-arm excavators on the shore, excavators on the water, or manual labor.

[0011] As a further improvement to the above scheme: during the seepage prevention construction, the base of the pond is first compacted with plain soil to a density of more than 90%, and then a 1.5mm thick high-density polyethylene membrane and a 500g / m² geotextile are laid in sequence, and a fine sand protective layer is laid on top of the high-density polyethylene membrane.

[0012] As a further improvement to the above scheme: when improving the ecological base and creating the environment, first remove construction waste, weed roots and various debris from the pond, and then use microbial agents to disinfect and activate the bottom mud. After the improvement is completed, expose it to the sun for no less than 7 days. For the rainy season construction scenario, adopt a layered, segmented and piece-by-piece construction method to avoid rainy days to complete the base treatment.

[0013] As a further improvement to the above scheme: biological barriers are set up in the pre-ecological sedimentation pond and / or low-oxygen pond, the biological barriers including a support frame and rope-like biological contact material fixed on the support frame to form a high-density microbial carrier; 80%-90% coverage of economic floating-leaved plants such as water chestnut and water caltrop are planted in the low-oxygen pond to create a low-oxygen denitrification environment; aeration pipes and microporous aeration discs are laid in the aeration pond to create an aerobic environment for aerobic microorganisms through uniform aeration; an ecological structure combining aquatic animals and fish nests is set up in the oxidation pond, and oxygen-rich environment is created by combining aeration equipment and oxygen secretion from aquatic plants; economic crops such as water chestnut, water celery and water caltrop are densely planted in the surface flow wetland, and gravel filter media is laid in the root area; emergent plants such as reed and cattail are planted on the slopes of the aquatic plant pond, and submerged plants such as bitter lettuce, pondweed, and goldfish algae are planted in the pond; the dry stream is transformed from a drainage ditch, with gravel laid inside and wetland plants planted.

[0014] As a further improvement to the above scheme: the bio-barrier is fixed by galvanized steel pipes and ropes, and counterweights and / or gabions are used for fixation in areas where impermeable membranes are laid.

[0015] As a further improvement to the above scheme: the construction of aquatic plant communities includes the construction of submerged plant communities, emergent plant communities, and floating-leaved plant communities; among them, submerged plants are planted by cuttings, and the water level in the planting area is controlled at 10cm. Before planting, the seedlings are pretreated by killing eggs, sterilizing, and promoting root growth; before planting emergent plants and floating-leaved plants, the planting area is demarcated, and the seedlings are pretreated and planted according to the designed density. The specific steps for constructing the aquatic animal community are as follows: After the aquatic plant system has stabilized, silver carp, snails, and clams are introduced into the water. Before introduction, the aquatic animals are disinfected with 0.5% saline solution for 30 minutes, and a small-scale trial is conducted to verify the survival rate. The microbial system construction is as follows: After the aquatic plant and animal community is constructed, microbial agents are added to the treatment unit according to the water quality. The microbial agents are diluted with water, stirred evenly, and then sprinkled throughout the pond. The product can be used immediately after opening. Bactericides and antibiotics are prohibited from being used within one week before and after addition.

[0016] As a further improvement to the above scheme, water quality parameters include chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and suspended solids.

[0017] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the power control of the aeration device is specifically as follows: when the dissolved oxygen in the treatment unit is detected to be lower than the preset threshold of 4 mg / L, an instruction is issued to start or increase the power of the aeration device in the corresponding treatment unit. The water quality anomaly warning is specifically: when the total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen water quality indicators are continuously exceeded, a water quality warning information is generated and pushed to the management personnel. The specific measures for separating and controlling rainwater and sewage are as follows: during the dry season, interception wells are used to block sewage into the sewage pipe network; during the rainy season, based on real-time monitoring of water quality and flow parameters, a portion of the mixed rainwater and sewage is intercepted, and the remaining rainwater overflows downstream through the weir.

[0018] A multi-type pond wetland ecological management and control system is used to realize the ecological management method of multi-type pond wetlands, including a dredging operation unit, an intelligent interception well unit, an ecological purification unit, an intelligent monitoring module, and an intelligent control execution module; The dredging unit is used to perform dredging operations on the bottom of the pond, and simultaneously completes the transportation and dewatering and consolidation of the dredging mud. The intelligent interception well unit is used to perform rainwater and sewage diversion control and is communicatively connected to the intelligent control execution module. The ecological purification unit is installed in each treatment unit to build a water purification ecological system and to perform water aeration and oxygenation operations according to instructions. The intelligent monitoring module includes multiple sets of water quality sensors deployed in each treatment unit. The water quality sensors are connected to the data processing platform to monitor the water quality parameters in each treatment unit in real time and upload the monitoring data to the data processing platform in real time. The intelligent control and execution module is connected to the data processing platform, the ecological purification unit, and the intelligent interception well unit respectively. It is used to send power control commands for the aeration device to the ecological purification unit and rainwater and sewage diversion control commands to the interception well unit based on the real-time water quality parameters received by the data processing platform. At the same time, when abnormal water quality indicators are detected, it generates and pushes water quality early warning information to the management personnel.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. First, a comprehensive pretreatment process involving pond dredging, earthwork shaping, seepage prevention construction, and ecological base improvement is implemented. Simultaneously, geotextile bags are used to dewater and consolidate the dredged sediment, enabling its resource utilization. This thoroughly removes endogenous pollution while completely protecting the original ecological base of the pond bottom, laying a solid foundation for subsequent ecological restoration. Next, multiple ponds are connected in series to form a seven-stage gradient purification unit: a pre-treatment ecological sedimentation pond, a low-oxygen pond, an aeration pond, an oxidation pond, a surface flow wetland, an aquatic plant pond, and a dry stream. This unit targets different pollutants such as suspended solids, organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus in stages, overcoming the problems of low purification efficiency and unstable effluent quality associated with traditional single-treatment methods. Finally, aeration devices are strategically deployed within each treatment unit. This system simultaneously constructs a complete aquatic ecological purification system integrating aquatic plant communities, aquatic animal communities, and microbial systems, improving the water body's food chain and material cycle pathways, and fundamentally enhancing the water body's self-purification capacity. Ultimately, through real-time online monitoring of water quality parameters in each treatment unit, and based on the monitoring data, it implements a closed-loop intelligent control system that adaptively adjusts the power of aeration devices, provides intelligent early warning of water quality anomalies, and dynamically manages rainwater and sewage separation. This achieves full-chain management of the multi-type pond wetland system, from source pollution prevention and control, process gradient purification to long-term intelligent operation and maintenance, effectively solving the pain point of "short-term improvement and long-term rebound" in traditional treatment models, and ultimately achieving long-term stable purification of water quality in small ponds and healthy and sustainable restoration of the aquatic ecosystem.

[0020] 2. This invention employs a seven-stage gradient purification unit design, sequentially connecting a pre-treatment ecological sedimentation pond, a low-oxygen pond, an aeration pond, an oxidation pond, a surface flow wetland, an aquatic plant purification pond, and a dry stream. This design specifically addresses the technical problems of traditional single-stabilization ponds and single-stage wetland purification models, such as unclear functions, poor pollutant targeting, and insufficient adaptability to multi-source mixed wastewater. It brings significant beneficial effects: Firstly, the functions of each treatment unit are clearly defined and work in synergy, forming a complete purification path along the water flow direction: "suspended solids sedimentation - anoxic denitrification - aerobic organic matter degradation - deep purification and phosphorus removal - ecological conservation and stabilization." This achieves phased targeted removal of different pollutants such as suspended solids, organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the water, significantly improving pollutant removal efficiency. It effectively treats multi-source mixed wastewater such as rural domestic sewage, livestock and poultry breeding wastewater, and agricultural non-point source runoff. It possesses strong adaptability, and the stability of effluent water quality is far superior to traditional treatment methods. Secondly, through the differentiated design of low-oxygen ponds, aeration ponds, and oxidation ponds, a reasonable dissolved oxygen gradient is formed within the multi-pond system, perfectly balancing the environmental requirements of nitrification and denitrification reactions. This solves the core problem of limited nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency in traditional wetland processes, significantly improving the removal efficiency of characteristic pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Thirdly, the series design of multi-level ponds greatly extends the water retention time and flow path. Combined with underwater dams, submerged dams, and bio-barriers within each unit, the flow pattern is further optimized, avoiding the formation of short-circuit and stagnant water zones. This ensures full contact between the water body and the purification medium and biological community, maximizing the purification efficiency of the system. At the same time, rainwater and flood storage can be achieved through pond volume adjustment, combining the dual functions of water quality purification and watershed flood control safety.

[0021] 3. This invention addresses the technical shortcomings of traditional stormwater and sewage interception wells, such as high safety risks in enclosed spaces, fixed diversion patterns, weak non-point source pollution control capabilities, and low levels of intelligence. It provides a dual optimization and upgrade to intelligent interception wells, resulting in significant benefits: First, by adding an automatic hazardous gas detection alarm and a manhole cover-linked emergency lighting device inside the well, the concentration of hazardous gases inside the well can be monitored in real time during routine inspections and maintenance. When the concentration is abnormal, an audible and visual warning is automatically triggered, and emergency lighting is activated simultaneously when the manhole cover is opened. This completely eliminates the safety hazards caused by poisoning and suffocation in enclosed spaces and poor visibility, significantly improving the safety of equipment operation and maintenance. Second, the built-in AI intelligent data acquisition, analysis, decision-making, and execution module can collect real-time data on incoming water quality through sensors inside the well. The system automatically identifies different scenarios such as sunny days, rainy days, and the first rain of the season based on flow and liquid level data, and implements differentiated control strategies for different types of wastewater. During the dry season, it can intercept 100% of the wastewater into the sewage pipe network, preventing direct discharge of wastewater into the wetland system. During the rainy season, it can dynamically adjust the interception ratio according to the water quality, accurately intercepting the first rainwater runoff with high pollution concentration, while ensuring the smooth overflow of clean rainwater in the later stages. This achieves both precise control of pollution at the source and ensures the flood control safety of the watershed. Thirdly, it can link with upstream and downstream pump gates and sewage treatment equipment in aquaculture farms to realize automatic start-up and shutdown of equipment and flow regulation. The built-in fault diagnosis module can monitor the equipment status in real time and issue early warnings of abnormalities. No manual on-site duty is required, realizing intelligent and unmanned management of the entire process of rainwater and sewage separation, which greatly reduces the system's operation and maintenance costs and management difficulty. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the governance method of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a plan view of the wetland process design in this invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-ecological sedimentation pond structure in this invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the low-oxygen pond structure in the invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the aeration pond structure in the invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the oxidation pond structure in the invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the surface flow wetland structure in the invention.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the aquatic plant purification pond structure in the invention.

[0030] Figure 9It is a graph showing the COD variation of the reservoir water quality in the invention.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a graph showing the variation of NH3-H in the reservoir water quality during the invention process.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a graph showing the TN (Total Nitrogen) variation of the reservoir water quality in the invention.

[0033] Figure 12 This is a graph showing the TP (total phosphorus) variation in the reservoir water quality during the invention process.

[0034] Figure 13 It is a curve showing the change in the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of the reservoir water quality in the invention.

[0035] In the diagram: 101, composite ecological submerged dam; 102, biological fence. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] This invention discloses a complete ecological governance technology system encompassing various types of pond wetland ecological governance methods, supporting control systems, and core specialized devices. It addresses the industry pain points commonly found in scattered ponds in low-mountain and low-hill areas, such as insufficient precision in shallow pond dredging leading to damage to the original ecological base, a single multi-source pollution treatment mode, low water purification efficiency, imbalanced aquatic ecosystem structure, and a lack of intelligent closed-loop control throughout the entire process. Based on... Figure 1The core governance logic is "precise removal of endogenous pollution - multi-level gradient water purification - construction of a whole-chain ecosystem - real-time online intelligent monitoring - dynamic closed-loop precise regulation". First, a floating pumping platform that can be quickly assembled on-site is used to precisely dredge the ponds, simultaneously achieving dewatering, consolidation, and resource utilization of the dredged sediment in geotextile bags. Then, earthwork shaping, HDPE membrane anti-seepage construction, and microbial substrate improvement complete the pond pretreatment. Subsequently, multiple ponds are connected in series to construct a seven-level gradient purification multi-pond wetland group, consisting of a pre-treatment ecological sedimentation pond, a low-oxygen pond, an aeration pond, an oxidation pond, a surface flow wetland, an aquatic plant pond, and a dry stream. Differential deployment of composite ecological submerged dams, rope-like biological barriers, and microporous aeration devices is implemented within each treatment unit, simultaneously constructing aquatic plant and aquatic animal communities. This system integrates a three-in-one water ecological purification system with a microbial system; it then uses a multi-parameter intelligent monitoring module to monitor key water quality parameters such as chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus in real time; finally, based on the monitoring data, it achieves a closed-loop intelligent control system that enables adaptive adjustment of aeration device power, intelligent early warning of water quality anomalies, and dynamic management of rainwater and sewage diversion through intelligent interception wells. It is also equipped with bottom sediment washing technology suitable for small closed lakes and reservoirs, standardized construction processes for seepage prevention projects, and long-term operation and maintenance and emergency response plans for the aquatic ecosystem. It can be widely applied to multi-source pollution treatment scenarios such as rural domestic sewage, livestock and poultry breeding wastewater, and agricultural non-point source runoff, significantly improving water purification efficiency and effluent stability while achieving long-term stable restoration and low-cost intelligent operation and maintenance of the pond's aquatic ecosystem.

[0038] I. Dredging and Pretreatment of Pond Base

[0039] After dredging the pond using a floating pumping platform, earthwork and seepage prevention work are carried out on the pond, and ecological environment restoration is carried out on the treated pond.

[0040] 1. Use a floating pumping platform to dredge the pond.

[0041] A floating pumping platform is used to dredge the target pond. The pumped mud and water are transported through sludge discharge pipes equipped with floats to geotextile bags laid in a temporary sludge discharge area on the shore. The floating operation platform is formed by splicing standardized floats and is equipped with a submersible mud pump. It can realize the dredging of bottom mud and remote transportation of mud in small water bodies and shallow water areas. It can be spliced ​​and assembled on site to adapt to some dredging scenarios with limited space.

[0042] GT500 geotextile bags were selected, with two sizes: 61.4m×20m and 61.4m×10m. The maximum filling thickness did not exceed 2.5 meters. During silt filling, environmentally friendly agents PAM and PAC were added simultaneously to allow the silt to settle and solidify inside the geotextile bags. The supernatant was discharged into the river system. The settled and solidified dried silt was transported in batches for farmland and pond shoreline restoration, or for field and mine reclamation, thus achieving resource utilization.

[0043] The water depth measurement instrument (dredging depth monitoring unit) on the floating pumping platform monitors the depth in real time to ensure that the dredging thickness is 0.5m and strictly controls the dredging depth error to within 0 to -5cm, without allowing under-dredging, thus effectively protecting the ecological base below the dredging layer.

[0044] When the pond has an irregular shape and some corner areas cannot be dredged using a floating pumping platform, a long-arm excavator on shore, a floating excavator, or manual labor should be used in conjunction with the dredging.

[0045] 2. Earthwork and seepage prevention construction for the pond.

[0046] Using a combination of machinery and manual labor, earthwork excavation and backfilling were carried out according to the designed underwater topography to complete the shaping and reshaping of the multi-pond wetland, followed by seepage prevention construction.

[0047] First, the ecological ponds are backfilled with earth, then the soil is compacted (using machinery and manual labor to compact the soil to a density >90%). Next, each pond is treated with a seepage barrier. The seepage barrier layer uses a composite geomembrane material, a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) membrane with a thickness of 1.5mm and a geotextile specification of 500g / m², to ensure no water leakage and protect the aquatic environment. Simultaneously, to protect the HDPE membrane, fine sand is laid on top. Before laying the seepage barrier, all sharp-angled debris must be removed, and the site must be leveled and compacted. The pond body is then backfilled with the original soil using both mechanical and manual methods. To ensure seepage prevention and planting effectiveness, the backfill thickness is approximately 50mm. If there are many stones in the original soil, it is replaced with planting soil.

[0048] The foundation layer below the seepage prevention layer should be flat, compacted, free of cracks and loose soil, and the surface should be free of water accumulation, stones, tree roots and sharp debris. When excavating the pond, the original soil layer should be maintained and seepage prevention measures should be taken on the original soil layer.

[0049] When laying composite geomembranes, professional welding should be carried out by professionals. Before welding, use a hot welding machine to blow away sand, mud and other dirt on the membrane surface to ensure that the membrane surface is clean. Place a long wooden board under the welding part so that the welding machine can move on the flat base surface to ensure the welding quality. Before formal welding, conduct a trial weld according to the construction temperature to determine the walking speed and welding temperature.

[0050] After the seepage prevention construction is completed, an inspection of the seepage prevention process should be carried out. Only after the quality inspection is passed can the next step of construction be carried out.

[0051] 3. Conduct ecological restoration on the treated pond.

[0052] Water body debris removal: Machinery is used to clean up construction waste at the bottom of the planting area, remove weeds and roots at the bottom of the water body, and manually pick out plastic, branches, glass and other garbage at the bottom of the water body and transport them away for disposal.

[0053] Substrate improvement: By utilizing microbial agents to disinfect and activate the bottom sediment, this process improves the pH level, increases the levels of macro- and micronutrients necessary for the growth and development of aquatic plants and animals, and reduces the content of harmful substances. It effectively eliminates pests, kills bacteria, fertilizes, and improves the bottom sediment, making it suitable for aquatic plant growth and recovery. Substrate pretreatment includes sediment improvement and disinfection, using bottom conditioners to pretreat the water system. Targeted construction based on the specific conditions of the pond bottom sediment is required.

[0054] After the substrate disinfection and improvement work is completed, it should be exposed to the sun for a week, avoiding rainy days. If the substrate disinfection and improvement work is scheduled for the rainy season, it will be completed as quickly and continuously as possible during a period of consecutive sunny days; the work area should not be too large, but carried out layer by layer and section by section, and should be completed before the rainy season.

[0055] II. Constructing a multi-stage purification treatment unit

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, a series of interconnected treatment units were constructed, with the following process flow: pre-treatment ecological sedimentation pond → low-oxygen pond → aeration pond → oxidation pond → surface flow wetland → aquatic plant pond → dry stream. The specific construction of each unit is as follows: 1. Pre-treatment ecological sedimentation pond like Figure 2 As shown, since the water supply comes from the aquaculture farm and surrounding surface runoff, there may be a lot of suspended solids, particulate matter and organic matter. In order to reduce their concentration, a pre-ecological sedimentation pond is set up at the front end of the wetland to adsorb, precipitate and decompose the suspended solids, particulate matter and organic matter in the influent, initially improving the water quality, reducing the surface organic load of the subsequent horizontal subsurface flow wetland and alleviating the blockage.

[0057] like Figure 3 As shown, the design water surface area of ​​the pre-ecological sedimentation pond is 3150m², the effective water depth is 3m, the design water surface elevation is 95.5m, the design pond bottom elevation is 92.5m, and the effective pond volume is 9450m³.

[0058] As the front-end treatment unit of the wetland, the pre-ecological sedimentation pond has multiple underwater dams inside to extend the water flow path, increase the effective settling time of suspended solids, reduce the pollution load of the wetland operation, and prevent wetland blockage. Emergent plants are planted on the dams, which not only improves the wetland environment but also enhances the water purification effect of the wetland.

[0059] A composite ecological submerged dam 101 is set up in the pre-ecological sedimentation pond. Its structure includes multiple rectangular pine piles driven into the bottom of the pond, a stainless steel frame set inside the pine piles, and filler material backfilled in the stainless steel frame, with aquatic plants planted on the filler material.

[0060] Composite Ecological Submerged Dam 101: Aquatic plants are densely planted on the bottom of the pond around the perimeter of the submerged dam. LED solar-powered plant lights are installed around the top of the submerged dam. Smart sensors are installed on the submerged dam to measure water quality and provide feedback parameters. A mosquito-killing and light-feeding device is installed at one end of the submerged dam (near the pond bank) to kill mosquitoes and regularly feed fish into the pond.

[0061] The composite ecological submerged dam is 1 meter wide and mainly consists of pine piles, earthwork, and a 302 stainless steel frame. It is planted with loosestrife on top.

[0062] The composite ecological submerged dam 101 plays a role in the pre-concentration ecological sedimentation pond mainly in the following aspects: Water purification: Submerged dams can remove suspended particulate matter and organic pollutants from water bodies through physical barriers and biodegradation, reduce chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen content, and improve water transparency.

[0063] Ecological restoration: The slowed water flow created by submerged dams helps promote the growth of aquatic plants and the reproduction of benthic animals, builds an underwater ecosystem, and enhances the self-purification capacity of the water body.

[0064] Space optimization: Setting up a submerged dam in the sedimentation pond can reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the water flow, optimize the water flow path by adjusting the flow velocity, reduce the range of turbid water zone, and provide a physical barrier for clear water zone.

[0065] Reduced maintenance costs: The silt deposits created by submerged dams reduce the frequency of dredging, lower maintenance costs, and provide space for biological habitats.

[0066] The construction steps are as follows: First, according to the design requirements, surveying and setting out the location are conducted. Then, a small pile driver is used to drive pine piles into the mud at the bottom of the pond, forming a submerged dam retaining structure. Next, a stainless steel frame (with horizontal frames and vertical supports to enhance rigidity) is installed inside the pine piles according to the design drawings. The tops of all pine piles are made of 100mm stainless steel. 40mm 304 stainless steel sheets are connected and fixed, and the two sides of the stainless steel sheets are firmly fixed by two M6 bolts drilled into the top of the pine piles; geotextile is laid inside the frame, and then gravel (about 2m thick, gravel diameter 30-50mm) and planting soil (about 1m thick) are backfilled in sequence inside the geotextile, and then loosestrife is planted; bio-fence 102, LED plant solar lights, mosquito killing and light feeding devices are installed on the outside of the submerged dam; smart sensors and auxiliary cables are installed on the inside and outside of the submerged dam.

[0067] In the pond waters outside the submerged dam, multiple sets of bio-barriers 102 are laid out horizontally along the direction of water flow. Each flexible flow-disrupting strip arranged in a rectangular array on the bio-barriers 102 in this area extends upward in the vertical direction. The flow of water causes the flow-disrupting strips to swing, thereby realizing water flow disturbance throughout the pond, breaking the laminar flow state of the water body, and promoting the uniform dispersion and sedimentation of pollutants.

[0068] Compared with traditional submerged dams, composite ecological submerged dams have a simpler structure, smaller footprint, fewer types of materials used, lower material costs, and are easier to maintain.

[0069] 2. Low-oxygen pond

[0070] Based on the design concept of low-oxygen ponds in wetlands, aquatic plants play a certain role in purifying wetland types when configuring aquatic vegetation with different living habits. Therefore, a low-oxygen pond was designed, with economic floating-leaved plants such as water chestnut and water caltrop (80-90%) planted in the pond to create a low-oxygen environment, which is conducive to the removal of nitrogen from the water.

[0071] like Figure 4 As shown, the design water surface area of ​​the low-oxygen pond is 3697m², the effective water depth is 2.5m, the design water surface elevation is 94.5m, the design pond bottom elevation is 92.0m, and the effective pond volume is 9243m³.

[0072] 3. Aeration pond

[0073] The design of aeration ponds does not rely primarily on natural purification processes, but rather on artificial oxygen supply. This typically involves installing aerators on the pond surface or aeration pipes inside the pond. The main function is to provide an aerobic environment for aerobic microorganisms, further removing ammonia nitrogen and some organic pollutants from the water. Aeration pipes are arranged within the pond, and microporous aeration discs are installed on the pipes to ensure uniform aeration, increase hydrodynamics, promote the metabolic processes of microorganisms, and ensure the efficient purification effect of microorganisms on pollutants in the water.

[0074] like Figure 5 As shown, the aeration pond has a designed surface area of ​​2221 m², an effective water depth of 2.0 m, a designed water surface elevation of 93.6 m, a designed bottom elevation of 91.6 m, and an effective volume of 4442 m³.

[0075] 4. Oxidation pond

[0076] Oxidation ponds create an oxygen-rich aquatic environment by establishing a suitable water depth and combining it with aeration equipment, utilizing oxygen secretion from aquatic plants. They also incorporate a "water animal + fish nest" model, along with snails, shellfish, shrimp, and other aquatic animals, to build a food chain, improve the ecosystem structure, and form a wetland pond purification system. Through the combined action of plants, microorganisms, and animals, pollutants are further removed.

[0077] like Figure 6As shown, the oxidation pond has a designed surface area of ​​5681 m², an effective water depth of 1.5 m, a designed water surface elevation of 93.1 m, a designed bottom elevation of 91.6 m, and an effective volume of 8522 m³.

[0078] 5. Surface flow wetland

[0079] Surface flow wetlands are set up, and characteristic economic crops (water chestnuts, water celery, and water celery) are densely planted according to the local climate, hydrology, and native plants. These crops have a good filtering effect on water quality. At the same time, gravel and other filter media are laid in the root area to form microbial particles to enhance the water purification capacity and improve water quality.

[0080] like Figure 7 As shown, the design water surface area of ​​the surface wetland is 4900m², the effective water depth is 0.5m, the design water surface elevation is 91.0m, the design bottom elevation is 90.5m, and the effective pool volume is 2450m³.

[0081] 6. Aquatic plant pond

[0082] Aquatic plant ponds primarily serve to improve and conserve water quality, ensuring that the effluent from the wetland meets purification targets. Through a variety of plant species and increased aquatic plant and animal populations, a rich and diverse ecosystem is created. Submerged plants release large amounts of oxygen through photosynthesis, providing electron donors for heterotrophic bacteria to degrade organic matter and for autotrophic bacteria to oxidize NH3-N. This allows for the efficient degradation of various pollutants, primarily removing NH3-N, TP, and organic matter. Reeds and cattails are planted along the slopes of the aquatic plant ponds, while submerged plants, mainly those with high pollution tolerance and purification efficiency such as *Vallisneria natans*, *Potamogeton malaianus*, and *Ceratophyllum demersum*, are cultivated within the ponds.

[0083] like Figure 8 As shown, the designed water surface area of ​​the aquatic plant pond is 7045m², the effective water depth is 2.0m, the designed water surface elevation is 89.5m, the designed pond bottom elevation is 87.5m, and the effective pond volume is 14090m³.

[0084] 7. Dry Stream

[0085] The dry stream was mainly transformed by utilizing the existing drainage ditches, with some areas paved with gravel and planted with wetland plants to filter the incoming water.

[0086] The dry stream is designed to have a water depth of 0.5m and a floor area of ​​1400m².

[0087] 8. Intelligent interception well

[0088] The intelligent interception well includes a well body, a well cover, an automatic hazardous gas detection alarm installed inside the well body, an emergency lighting device linked to the opening and closing of the well cover, and an AI intelligent data acquisition, analysis, decision-making, and execution module. The intelligent data acquisition, analysis, decision-making, and execution module is configured to automatically execute diversion control strategies and issue early warnings based on sensor data installed inside the well body. Specifically: Intelligent interception wells are used in combined sewer systems to separate rainwater and sewage. During the dry season, since there is only sewage in the pipes, the intelligent interception well can intercept the sewage and direct it to newly built sewage pipes. During the rainy season, some rainwater and sewage are intercepted and flow into the sewage pipes, while the remaining rainwater overflows through the weir in the well and continues to flow downstream. Intelligent interception wells are a type of centralized sewage treatment facility that collects sewage from multiple polluted manholes into a single well before transporting it to a sewage treatment plant. This reduces the number of pipe networks and improves collection efficiency. They are mainly used in combined sewer systems, where sewage is intercepted during the dry season and directed to newly built sewage pipes, while during the rainy season, some of the mixed rainwater and sewage is intercepted, and the remaining rainwater overflows downstream through the weir. This invention improves upon ordinary intercepting wells by adding automatic hazardous gas detection alarms and emergency lighting devices to ensure safe operation in confined spaces. It also incorporates an AI intelligent data acquisition, analysis, decision-making, and execution module for intelligent monitoring of rainwater and sewage separation. This module covers core aspects such as monitoring, early warning, separation, and execution, including: an intelligent monitoring network with sensors for water quality, liquid level, and flow rate to collect key data from the drainage network in real time and transmit it to a cloud platform via 5G / LoRa protocols, supporting multi-device collaborative monitoring; and an AI intelligent data acquisition, analysis, decision-making, and execution module that uses big data analysis models to automatically analyze and identify risks such as sewage overflow and network anomalies, automatically triggering separation strategies based on water quality indicators and flow rate parameters, supporting different scenarios such as sunny days, rainy days, and initial rainfall. The AI ​​intelligent data acquisition, analysis, decision-making, and execution module also links pumps, valves, and other equipment, as well as integrated sewage treatment center equipment in livestock farms, to achieve automatic start / stop and flow regulation functions. Furthermore, a fault diagnosis module can monitor equipment status in real time and issue early warnings for anomalies, achieving intelligent management throughout the entire process and providing round-the-clock monitoring and maintenance.

[0089] 9. Bio-barrier

[0090] Biological barriers 102 are installed in low-oxygen ponds and / or pre-treatment ecological settling ponds. The biological barriers include a frame-shaped support and flexible flow-disrupting strips made of rope-like biological contact material fixed to the frame-shaped support, forming a high-density biological carrier. The biological barriers are fixed in the water body by galvanized steel pipes and ropes. In areas where impermeable membranes are laid, counterweights and / or gabions are used for fixation. Details are as follows: Bio-barriers are facilities used for water body remediation. They enhance water purification capacity by providing attachment and growth conditions for microorganisms and protozoa. Bio-barriers use flexible baffles fixed to a frame support to form a high-density biological carrier, allowing a large number of purifying organisms to attach and grow, preventing them from being consumed by large aquatic animals. This significantly increases the number of organisms per unit water volume and the efficiency of pollutant removal. They are mainly used for the remediation of black and odorous water bodies, river management, and improvement of eutrophic water bodies. They are often used in conjunction with aerators to promote biological metabolism through oxygenation, enhancing the purification effect. Some products also have sediment improvement functions, decomposing organic pollutants in bottom sediment and fixing phosphorus. Technical features include: high specific surface area: the porous structure of the flexible baffle surface provides a larger attachment area, suitable for improving eutrophic water quality; hydrophilicity: optimized design ensures full contact between water flow and organisms; anti-clogging: new materials solve the clogging problem of traditional packing materials.

[0091] The construction steps are as follows: 1) Pre-construction preparation: This includes the preparation of construction personnel, tools and materials, and the location of the bio-barrier.

[0092] 2) Process layout: Environmentally friendly bioactive packing material (1m / piece), 1m long and 1m wide; spaced out.

[0093] 3) Both ends are fixed with galvanized steel pipes and ropes. Where a waterproof membrane is laid, counterweights or gabions are used for fixing.

[0094] III. Ecosystem Construction and Equipment Installation

[0095] 1. Construction of aquatic plant communities

[0096] Construct submerged plant communities and emergent and floating-leaved plant communities. Details are as follows: 1.1 Constructing submerged plant communities (1) Requirements for submerged plants 1) The selection of aquatic plant species and plants should meet the quality standards and design requirements. Plants with well-developed roots and stems, robust plants, and no diseases or pests should be selected.

[0097] 2) The main submerged plants are evergreen dwarf Vallisneria natans, Vallisneria natans, Potamogeton pectinatus, and Potamogeton microdentatum.

[0098] 3) Requirements for seedling packaging, transportation, and temporary storage: 20kg / box in foam boxes with ice packs during high temperatures, transported in refrigerated trucks (storage time not exceeding 7 days).

[0099] (2) Construction technical requirements

[0100] When planting submerged plants, gradually add water to maintain a water level of approximately 10cm within the planting area. Submerged plants are primarily propagated through cuttings, similar to rice planting in farmland, starting from deeper water and gradually moving towards shallower areas. Use a line as a guide to ensure controlled planting density and aesthetic appeal. Planting is most successful when the water temperature is above 10 degrees Celsius, resulting in a high survival rate and rapid growth. Avoid planting submerged plants during the midday sun when sunlight is intense; planting is best done in the morning or evening.

[0101] 1) Seedling pretreatment: Clean, sort, and remove impurities, damaged, diseased, or missing plants.

[0102] Pretreatment with ovicidal agents (to kill fish eggs and snail eggs), sterilizing agents (to kill bacterial pathogens, molds, pests, etc.), root-promoting agents, and growth-promoting agents is used to ensure the growth and establishment of submerged plants.

[0103] 2) Planting method: Cuttings are used for planting.

[0104] According to the design requirements, fixed standard points or fixed buildings and structures are used as the basis for setting out the lines. Since the planting area is underwater, bamboo poles or wooden stakes are usually used as marking areas.

[0105] The layout of the designated points should conform to the requirements of the design drawings, and the positions should be accurate and the markings should be clear. After the layout is completed, it should be inspected by the designer or relevant personnel, and construction can only proceed after it passes inspection.

[0106] Pre-treated submerged plants are inserted into the lakebed mud like rice seedlings in farmland, at a depth of 5-10 cm. When the water depth is too great for direct manual planting, auxiliary tools can be used for planting, or the method of sowing seeds can be employed.

[0107] When using auxiliary tools for planting, dig a J-shaped notch at the top of a 1-1.5m long bamboo pole, then take 3-6 fresh seedlings of submerged plants and insert them into the notch. Finally, insert the bamboo pole with the notch facing down into the lake bottom for about 10cm and pull it out.

[0108] (3) Precautions

[0109] 1) Seedling pretreatment must meet the project requirements in order to improve plant survival rate.

[0110] 2) When planting seedlings by cuttings, extra care should be taken to control the force applied to prevent the seedlings from breaking.

[0111] 3) When planting seedlings to the bottom of the lake, the depth should be carefully controlled to avoid affecting the survival rate of the seedlings due to planting too deep or too shallow.

[0112] 4) Protective measures should be taken during seedling transportation to prevent damage, deterioration, and disease, and the seedlings should meet the design requirements.

[0113] 5) Regularly observe the growth of submerged plants and promptly replant, control pests and diseases.

[0114] 6) The planting of submerged plants can be adjusted according to the plant growth characteristics during the construction season.

[0115] (4) Construction quality inspection

[0116] The submerged plant community construction project is one of the core components of the ecosystem construction project. Quality inspection and supervision personnel should conduct regular inspections of the project according to the following requirements: 1) Whether the construction method and the amount of work meet the requirements.

[0117] 2) Whether the seedlings meet the design requirements.

[0118] 1.2 Constructing emergent and floating-leaved plant communities

[0119] (1) Requirements for emergent and floating-leaved plants

[0120] 1) The selection of emergent and floating-leaved plant species and plants should meet the quality standards and design requirements. Select plants with well-developed roots and stems, robust plants, and no diseases or pests.

[0121] 2) Emergent plants should be rationally planned and planted using point, line, and surface methods to create a better landscape effect. Emergent plant varieties include Siberian iris, aquatic canna, umbrella grass, German iris, and yellow iris. Floating-leaved plants should mainly consist of water lilies. The aim is to enrich the landscape layers of plants, increase seasonal changes, and significantly improve the overall landscape effect. Natural arrangement methods should be adopted to both purify water quality and enrich the landscape effect.

[0122] 3) Emergent plants: When lifting seedlings, a certain amount of soil or a soil ball of a certain size should be retained around the roots; during packaging and transportation, care should be taken to avoid damage to the branches and leaves of the plants and to ensure that the soil does not fall apart.

[0123] (2) Construction technical requirements

[0124] 1) Pretreatment of emergent and floating-leaved plants

[0125] Clean and remove impurities, damaged, diseased, or missing plants, and prune and shape the plants appropriately. Pretreatment with ovicidal agents (to kill fish eggs and snail eggs), sterilizing agents (to kill bacterial pathogens, molds, pests, etc.), root-promoting agents, and growth-promoting agents is used to ensure the growth and establishment of floating-leaved and emergent plants.

[0126] 2) Cultivation methods for emergent and floating-leaved plants

[0127] Based on the design drawings, the planting area is marked out and the site manager of Party A shall inspect and approve the planting area before construction can begin. Emergent and floating-leaved plant seedlings: According to the design location of different species, the plants are distributed to the designated planting locations. The next step of construction can only be carried out after comparing with the drawings and confirming that there are no errors. Before planting emergent plants, the soil should be leveled and raked to remove impurities. Then, a planting hole should be dug out using tools. The size of the planting hole should be determined according to the size and shape of the root ball of the emergent plant to be planted, with the standard being that the plant should not be stuck in the soil after being placed in the hole.

[0128] Place the saplings in the planting holes, cover them with soil to straighten them, and compact the soil to ensure the saplings are perpendicular to the ground and do not fall over. When planting emergent plants, the saplings themselves should be kept perpendicular to the ground and should not be tilted. When planting, ensure that the fullest side or the main ornamental side of the sapling faces the main line of sight. Plant according to the designed density.

[0129] (3) Precautions

[0130] 1) Protective measures should be taken during seedling transportation to prevent damage, deterioration, and disease, and the seedlings should meet the design requirements; 2) Regularly observe the growth of emergent and floating-leaved plants, and promptly replant, control, and prevent and treat diseases and pests.

[0131] (4) Construction quality inspection

[0132] The construction of emergent and floating-leaved plant communities is one of the core components of ecosystem construction projects. Quality inspectors and supervisors should conduct regular inspections of the projects according to the following requirements: 1) Do the construction methods and quantities meet the requirements? 2) Do the seedlings meet the design requirements? 3) Whether the plant selection and planting area meet the requirements.

[0133] 2. Constructing aquatic animal communities

[0134] Once the plant ecosystem is stable, silver carp, snails, and clams are introduced into the water to complete the food chain. Details are as follows: While protecting the water purification function of aquatic plants, in order to improve the food chain and food web structure of the ecological pond ecosystem and realize aquatic biodiversity, after the aquatic plant purification system is constructed, a certain number and species of fish, benthic animals, and zooplankton will be released into the water to improve the stability of the aquatic ecosystem.

[0135] (1) Requirements for aquatic animals

[0136] 1) Strict screening is required during the selection process; individuals with illnesses or disabilities should not be included; select lively and healthy individuals.

[0137] 2) Aquatic animals will be released, including fish (silver carp), benthic animals (snails, clams), and zooplankton. The specific release schedule will be determined according to the construction plan.

[0138] 3) When transporting aquatic animals, the transportation should be carried out in good weather, and oxygen should be supplied continuously during the transportation process.

[0139] (2) Construction technical requirements

[0140] 1) Disinfection treatment of aquatic animals: Disinfect the aquatic animals to be released with 0.5% saline solution for 30 minutes in the inflatable transport vehicle box or in the pond fishing net box.

[0141] 2) Release of aquatic animals: Conduct a small-scale trial before release to determine whether the species can survive in the local water body. Handle the animals gently during release and collection to avoid damaging them.

[0142] 3) Before releasing aquatic animals, a temporary holding area should be selected, and seedlings with good activity should be restored, observed, and selected. The dissolved oxygen in the temporary holding area should not be lower than 4 mg / L. If the dissolved oxygen is lower than 4 mg / L, artificial oxygenation should be provided.

[0143] 4) Release time of aquatic animals: Release according to the construction plan.

[0144] 3. Constructing a microbial system

[0145] Add microbial agents to create a favorable microbial environment. Details are as follows: After the aquatic plant and animal communities in the ecological pond are established, microbial agents are added according to the water quality to create favorable habitat conditions and accelerate the restoration of the ecological pond ecosystem.

[0146] (1) The microbial preparation is diluted with water according to the ratio and then evenly applied to the construction area after stirring.

[0147] (2) Microbial preparations should be used immediately after opening and should not be stored for a long time.

[0148] (3) Disinfectants and antibiotic microbial preparations with bactericidal effects are prohibited from use within one week before and after the use of microbial preparations.

[0149] 4. Install aeration devices

[0150] Multiple sets of stratified solar aerators were installed in the slower-moving areas of the aquatic plant pond. Details are as follows: Installation is handled by a professional manufacturer. After assembly, the four corners are secured with ropes and galvanized steel pipes. For areas with a geomembrane, counterweights or gabions are used for counterweighting and securing.

[0151] IV. Real-time monitoring of water quality parameters in the treatment unit via an intelligent monitoring module.

[0152] The intelligent monitoring module includes chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and ammonia nitrogen.

[0153] The automatic water quality monitoring system consists of a station building, instrument analysis unit, water intake unit, water distribution unit, control system, data acquisition / processing / transmission system, and lightning protection equipment.

[0154] The instrumentation unit comprises a multi-parameter analyzer, a blue-green algae analyzer, a nutrient analyzer, an organic matter analyzer, a heavy metal analyzer, and a sample holder. The water sampling system collects and pre-processes water samples before supplying them to the respective analyzers. System pumps, valves, and auxiliary equipment are controlled by a PLC control system. Data from all instruments is collected and processed via RS232 / 485 interfaces by data acquisition and control equipment. The system supports both wired fiber optic and 3G wireless transmission. To prevent lightning strikes, the automatic water quality monitoring system is equipped with comprehensive measures to protect against direct and induced lightning strikes. An intelligent environmental monitoring unit provides intelligent monitoring of overall system safety, fire protection, and power distribution.

[0155] V. Intelligent closed-loop water quality control

[0156] 1. Aeration regulation

[0157] When the dissolved oxygen (DO) of a certain unit is detected to be below 4 mg / L, the data processing platform automatically issues a command to start or increase the power of the aeration device in that unit.

[0158] 2. Water quality early warning

[0159] When indicators such as TP and NH3-N are detected to be continuously exceeding the standard, the system automatically generates and issues water quality early warning information to management personnel.

[0160] 3. Intelligent traffic diversion

[0161] The AI ​​system of the intelligent interception well executes a diversion strategy: during the dry season, sewage is intercepted and diverted to the newly built sewage pipe; during the rainy season, based on water quality and flow parameters, part of the mixed rainwater and sewage is automatically intercepted, and the rest of the rainwater overflows.

[0162] VI. Multi-type pond wetland ecological governance and regulation system

[0163] The multi-type pond wetland ecological governance and control system is used to implement the multi-type pond wetland ecological governance method described in the above embodiments. It addresses the industry pain points of scattered ponds in low-mountain and low-hill areas, such as insufficient dredging precision in shallow ponds that easily damage the original ecological base, single treatment mode for multi-source pollution, low water purification efficiency, imbalance of aquatic ecosystem structure, and lack of full-process intelligent closed-loop control. It constructs a full-process collaborative management and control system of "dredging operation - interception and pollution control - ecological purification - real-time monitoring - intelligent control". The control system includes a dredging operation unit, an intelligent interception well unit, an ecological purification unit, an intelligent monitoring module, and an intelligent control execution module. The dredging operation unit removes internal pollution and utilizes bottom sediment for resource recovery. The intelligent interception well unit separates incoming water from sewage and controls pollution at its source. The ecological purification unit constructs a long-term water purification ecosystem and performs aeration. The intelligent monitoring module collects and transmits water quality parameters in real time throughout the entire process. The intelligent control execution module, as the core of the system, communicates with the intelligent monitoring module, the ecological purification unit, and the intelligent interception well unit to achieve closed-loop intelligent control based on dynamic changes in water quality.

[0164] 1. Dredging Operation Unit

[0165] The dredging unit is a floating pumping platform, equipped with mud conveying pipelines and geotextile bags for dewatering and consolidation. It is used to perform precise dredging operations on the bottom of the pond, and simultaneously complete the conveying, dewatering, consolidation and resource utilization of the dredged mud.

[0166] 2. Intelligent interception well unit

[0167] The intelligent interception well unit is deployed at the inlet end of the multi-type pond wetland system to perform rainwater and sewage diversion control. It communicates with the intelligent control execution module to receive and execute diversion control commands.

[0168] In this invention, the intelligent interception well unit includes a well body, a well cover, an automatic detection alarm for harmful gases, an emergency lighting device that is linked to the opening and closing of the well cover, and an AI intelligent data acquisition, analysis, decision-making, and execution submodule. Water quality, liquid level, and flow sensors are installed inside the well body to collect key data of the drainage network in real time and interact with the intelligent control and execution module in real time through the 5G / LoRa communication protocol. The system includes an automatic hazardous gas detection alarm installed inside the well body. During routine inspections and maintenance, it automatically detects the concentration of hazardous gases within the well. Abnormal concentrations trigger a buzzer and voice alert to prevent workers from being poisoned or suffocated. An emergency lighting device with intelligent infrared sensing can be activated in conjunction with the opening and closing of the well cover, providing emergency lighting when the cover is open and eliminating the safety hazard of obstructed vision in confined spaces. The AI ​​intelligent data acquisition, analysis, decision-making, and execution submodule incorporates a big data analysis model that can automatically identify risks such as sewage overflow and pipe network anomalies. It supports differentiated flow control for different scenarios, including sunny days, rainy days, and the first rain. During the dry season, it automatically diverts all sewage from the combined sewer to the newly built sewage network. During the rainy season, based on real-time water quality and flow parameters, it automatically diverts a portion of the mixed rainwater and sewage to the sewage network, while the remaining rainwater overflows downstream through the weir inside the well. It can also link with pump gates, valves, and integrated sewage treatment equipment in livestock farms to achieve automatic equipment start-up and shutdown and precise flow control. A built-in fault diagnosis module monitors equipment status in real time and issues early warnings for anomalies, enabling intelligent management of the entire rainwater and sewage separation process.

[0169] 3. Ecological purification unit

[0170] The ecological purification unit is deployed in each treatment unit of the multi-type pond wetland to build a water purification ecological system. It performs water aeration and oxygenation operations according to the instructions of the intelligent control and execution module and communicates with the intelligent control and execution module.

[0171] In this invention, the ecological purification unit includes a biological barrier 102, an aeration device, a composite ecological submerged dam 101, and supporting aquatic plant communities, aquatic animal communities, and microbial systems, which are arranged differently along a 7-level gradient purification water flow path of "pre-ecological sedimentation pond → low-oxygen pond → aeration pond → oxidation pond → surface flow wetland → aquatic plant pond → dry stream".

[0172] 4. Intelligent monitoring module

[0173] The intelligent monitoring module includes multiple sets of water quality sensors deployed in each treatment unit and a data processing platform that communicates with the water quality sensors. It is used to monitor the water quality parameters in each treatment unit in real time and upload the monitoring data to the data processing platform in real time.

[0174] In this embodiment, the water quality sensors include a chemical oxygen demand (COD) sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensor, an ammonia nitrogen sensor, a total phosphorus (TP) sensor, and a suspended solids sensor, which are respectively deployed at the inlet and outlet of the 7-stage treatment unit. Simultaneously, intelligent water quality sensors are arrayed on the composite ecological submerged dam of the pre-treatment ecological sedimentation pond to achieve comprehensive water quality data collection without blind spots throughout the entire process. A supporting automatic water quality monitoring station is constructed, equipped with an instrument analysis unit, a water intake unit, a water distribution unit, a PLC control system, a data acquisition / processing / transmission system, and lightning protection equipment. The instrument analysis unit is equipped with… The system is equipped with multi-parameter analyzers, cyanobacteria analyzers, nutrient analyzers, and organic matter analyzers. After water sample collection and pretreatment, the water samples are delivered to the various analytical instruments. The system's pumps, valves, and auxiliary equipment are centrally controlled by a PLC control system. Water quality data collected by each instrument is processed by the data acquisition and control equipment via RS232 / 485 interfaces and uploaded to the data processing platform in real time through wired fiber optic and 3G / 5G wireless transmission modes. The monitoring station is equipped with comprehensive protection against direct and induced lightning strikes and is equipped with an intelligent environmental monitoring unit to intelligently monitor the station's safety, fire protection, and power distribution, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the monitoring system.

[0175] 5. Intelligent control and execution module

[0176] The intelligent control and execution module is communicatively connected to the data processing platform, the aeration device of the ecological purification unit, and the intelligent interception well unit. Based on the real-time water quality parameters received by the data processing platform, it sends power control commands to the aeration device of the ecological purification unit and rainwater and sewage diversion control commands to the intelligent interception well unit. At the same time, when abnormal water quality indicators are detected, it generates and pushes water quality early warning information to the management personnel, realizing the full closed-loop intelligent control of the multi-type pond wetland system.

[0177] In this invention, the intelligent control execution module has a built-in three-level control logic, and the specific execution method is as follows: Adaptive power control of aeration devices: Real-time reception of dissolved oxygen monitoring data from each treatment unit transmitted by the data processing platform. When the dissolved oxygen in any treatment unit is detected to be lower than the preset threshold of 4 mg / L, an instruction is automatically sent to the aeration device in that unit to start the aeration device or increase its operating power until the dissolved oxygen in the water returns to the preset range. When the dissolved oxygen is continuously higher than 8 mg / L, the power of the aeration device is automatically reduced or the operation is stopped, thus reducing the system's energy consumption while ensuring the needs of microbial purification.

[0178] Intelligent early warning of water quality anomalies: Real-time analysis of water quality monitoring data from each treatment unit. When core water quality indicators such as total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen are continuously detected to exceed preset limits, water quality anomaly early warning information is automatically generated and pushed to management personnel via SMS, platform messages, etc. Simultaneously marking the locations and multiples of exceeding the limits, providing data support for emergency response by management personnel.

[0179] Dynamic management and control of rainwater and sewage separation: Real-time data on inflow water quality, flow rate, and liquid level transmitted from the intelligent interception well unit are received. Combined with rainfall monitoring information, the system issues diversion control strategies to the AI ​​intelligent data acquisition, analysis, decision-making, and execution submodule of the intelligent interception well unit. During the dry season, the interception well is controlled to divert all combined sewage to the sewage pipe network, strictly prohibiting direct discharge of sewage into the wetland system. During the rainy season, the interception ratio is automatically adjusted based on the initial rainfall water quality and flow rate data, diverting the mixed initial rainfall with higher pollution concentrations to the sewage pipe network. Once the water quality meets the standards, the weir gate is controlled to open, allowing clean rainwater to overflow downstream, thus balancing non-point source pollution control and flood control safety.

[0180] In this invention, the control system achieves closed-loop management of the entire process of multi-type pond wetland systems, from endogenous pollution removal, source pollution control, ecological purification to intelligent operation and maintenance, through the coordinated linkage of five major units / modules. It can be widely adapted to multi-source pollution treatment scenarios such as rural domestic sewage, livestock and poultry breeding wastewater, and agricultural non-point source runoff. While ensuring the water purification effect, it significantly reduces the system operation and maintenance cost and achieves long-term stable restoration of the pond aquatic ecosystem.

[0181] VII. Water Ecosystem Maintenance

[0182] 1. Routine regulation of the water surface

[0183] The main tasks are to ensure the cleanliness of the ecological pond's water surface, check the rise and fall of the landscape water level, clean and remove garbage, debris, leaves, animal carcasses, etc. in the ecological pond, and observe whether the indicator organisms are normal. These tasks are to be completed by maintenance personnel.

[0184] (1) Cleaning up garbage and debris on the surface of the ecological pond.

[0185] (2) Cleaning up underwater garbage in the ecological pond water system.

[0186] (3) Prevent poaching and unauthorized release.

[0187] (4) Observation and feedback on the water color, benthic animal habitat, and plant growth of the ecological pond system.

[0188] (5) Control of normal water level in ecological ponds: timely drainage in case of sudden heavy rain or rainstorm, timely water replenishment during drought, and control of water level in landscape water areas.

[0189] 2. Professional regulation of water bodies

[0190] (1) Water quality online monitoring system

[0191] It includes water quality monitoring equipment and data collection systems.

[0192] Monitoring indicators: COD, TP, NH3-N, SS, DO.

[0193] (2) Water quality characteristic detection

[0194] During the warranty period, one water quality sampling point will be set up in the Changle No. 2 ecological pond, and other ponds will be monitored using an online water quality monitoring system. The main water quality indicators of the water bodies will be tested in accordance with the national standard "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002).

[0195] Detection indicators: COD, TP, NH3-N, SS, DO.

[0196] Inspection frequency: once per maintenance period / quarter.

[0197] Testing site: 1.

[0198] (3) Strictly control external pollution sources

[0199] Strictly control the inflow of domestic sewage into water bodies, reduce the pollution load of rainstorm runoff, and promptly resolve any problems found; maintain and manage terrestrial vegetation and riverbank vegetation, adhere to scientific greening management, and use environmentally friendly chemicals for fertilization and pesticide application.

[0200] (4) Maintenance of aquatic plants

[0201] The maintenance of aquatic plants refers to the aquatic plants planted in the in-situ bioremediation area. This maintenance includes weed removal, pruning, cleaning, and replanting.

[0202] 1) Remove plants and invasive submerged plant species from the water surface in a timely manner.

[0203] 2) When submerged plants emerge from the water, they should be manually removed or mechanically cut. Promptly remove any floating plants and broken leaves. Horizontally lying submerged plants must be promptly removed and cleared away; do not allow them to accumulate on the bank. Submerged plants need to be harvested promptly, cutting them to a depth of 0.3m below the water surface.

[0204] 3) Replant submerged plants with low survival rates.

[0205] 4) During strong winds and heavy rain, check the submerged plants for damage within 2-3 days. If any are damaged, replant them promptly.

[0206] 5) Spring maintenance work

[0207] Spring is the peak season for the growth of submerged plants, and *Lithops* (a type of aquatic plant) also grows rapidly, gradually enhancing the ecosystem function of the water body. Therefore, the maintenance of the aquatic ecosystem must be strengthened. During April and May each year, submerged plants grow rapidly, and fast-growing submerged plant varieties need to be harvested and pruned.

[0208] 6) Summer and Autumn Maintenance Work

[0209] During the summer and autumn seasons, aquatic plants grow vigorously, and the frequency of pruning and harvesting of submerged plants should be increased. Submerged plants that have grown above the water surface should be pruned promptly. Special attention should be paid to the transition between high-temperature and cold-water plant varieties in May and September each year. The growth of submerged plants should be closely monitored, and areas where large areas of seedling loss have resulted in bare patches should be replanted promptly.

[0210] 7) Winter care for submerged plants

[0211] In winter, the water temperature is low. Clean up any submerged plant leaves that have frozen and rotted due to the low temperature during the summer and autumn. Replant any areas with exposed patches of submerged plants caused by seedling loss promptly.

[0212] (5) Aquatic animal maintenance

[0213] For the maintenance of aquatic animals, animal carcasses should be removed in a timely manner and replenished as needed. For phenomena such as excessive population size or overly dominant single species, measures such as catching or releasing other types of organisms should be taken to control the situation and ensure the stability of the food chain.

[0214] 1) Fish community adjustment and management

[0215] Fish are a key factor influencing aquatic plants and the entire ecosystem. Fish community management primarily involves controlling fish stocking and harvesting. Fish populations are monitored. Based on the monitoring data, species with low community biomass are appropriately replenished; for species with high community biomass and overly dominant single species, a rotational harvesting and stocking management model is adopted, or other biological types are introduced for control; and for aquatic organisms with insufficient populations, proactive restocking measures are taken to ensure the stability of the food chain.

[0216] 2) Benthic animal community adjustment and management

[0217] This mainly refers to the management of large benthic mollusks, with conservation efforts primarily focused on large benthic animals such as snails and clams. The planting of aquatic plants will significantly improve the substrate and other physical and chemical environments of the water body, leading to a substantial increase in the number of large benthic animals, thereby enhancing the water body's self-purification capacity and its ability to control phytoplankton. The harvesting of large benthic animals such as snails and clams is prohibited.

[0218] 3) Control of invasive species

[0219] Aquatic animal protection also includes prohibiting residents, tourists, and staff from releasing animals indiscriminately. Due to residents' lack of knowledge about aquatic ecosystems, they are prone to releasing aquatic organisms (invasive species, such as koi, plecos, and tropical ornamental fish) into water bodies, which are detrimental to the balance of the ecosystem. This damages the stability and integrity of the aquatic ecosystem, causing water turbidity and severely affecting water transparency and the aquatic landscape. If such actions are discovered, they should be stopped immediately and appropriate measures (such as catching) should be taken to remedy the situation.

[0220] 3. Emergency Measures

[0221] (1) Emergency Response Strategy for Algal Blooms

[0222] 1) First, identify the reasons for the rapid reproduction of algae and plankton, control the factors that cause the rapid reproduction of algae and other plankton in the water, and treat them by manual or mechanical cleaning or by adding appropriate biological agents to maintain ecological balance.

[0223] 2) Solve the problem of filamentous algae by combining manual harvesting with biological agents.

[0224] (2) Emergency Response Strategies for Rainstorms and Sudden Sewage Discharge

[0225] 1) Temporary sewage discharge issues. Strengthen daily supervision and inspections, and take effective measures to isolate and pre-treat sewage as soon as it is discovered.

[0226] 2) If a large amount of highly concentrated sewage or floodwater enters the water body, use temporary pumps to drain the water quickly.

[0227] 3) The water body has a certain amount of surface runoff pollution. If there is heavy rain or large-scale pollution caused by human activities, the water quality will deteriorate. In this case, targeted microbial agents and oxidants should be used to minimize the adverse effects of pollution load.

[0228] VIII. Lake and Reservoir Ecological Restoration Project

[0229] 1. Construction Scope

[0230] An ecological restoration project for lakes and reservoirs will be established in the target area. The restored reservoirs are small reservoirs, distributed in a north-south direction, with an approximate mirror "J" shape. The reservoirs have a catchment area of ​​4.10 km², a total storage capacity of 1.04 million m³, and a shoreline of approximately 2.613 km.

[0231] 2. Water Environment Analysis and Problem Diagnosis

[0232] Water environment analysis

[0233] (1) Current Situation Analysis

[0234] 1) Current status of aquatic plants and sensory characteristics of the water body

[0235] The water surface in the center of the reservoir is relatively clean, with a transparency of about 0.2-0.5m. The water near the shore is dirty and messy, with moss, water hyacinth, and a large number of dead branches and fallen leaves growing on it.

[0236] Nearshore emergent floating-leaved plants mainly include easily spreading species such as reeds and water hyacinth, as well as a large amount of moss.

[0237] Only a small amount of myriophyllum was found in the surrounding area, and the submerged plant system was incomplete.

[0238] The upstream catchment area on the south side is home to a large number of easily spreading species such as reeds and cattails.

[0239] 2) Current status of the revetment and pollution sources

[0240] Except for the reservoir dam on the north side, the rest are natural revetments with a large water depth difference of 1.0-10.0m.

[0241] The area is surrounded by mountains, resulting in severe surface runoff pollution and soil erosion; there are large areas of farmland and villages upstream, posing a serious non-point source pollution problem; and there are two livestock farms nearby.

[0242] 3) Current status of bottom sediment

[0243] The reservoir has a large water depth difference, and the mud near the shore is relatively hard with low silt content. The silt thickness in the central area is 20-30 cm, while in some areas in the southeast of the reservoir, the bottom mud thickness can reach more than 50 cm. Most of the silt is black and has a foul odor.

[0244] (2) Water quality sampling and analysis

[0245] Figures 9-12 All data show the fluctuations in COD concentration in water bodies from 9:00 to 17:00 on three monitoring days: May 21, May 22, and July 23. The COD limits for Class IV and Class V surface water are also marked as water quality references.

[0246] like Figure 9 As shown, the COD concentrations on the three monitoring days all exhibited significant intra-day fluctuations. The values ​​for all periods were below the Class IV surface water limit and did not reach the Class V water limit, indicating that the overall level of organic pollution in the reservoir was controllable and the water quality was good during the monitoring period. Among them, the overall COD concentration was relatively the highest on July 23, while the intra-day COD fluctuation was the largest on May 21, reflecting that the reservoir's COD concentration was significantly affected by environmental factors and exhibited significant intra-day dynamic differences.

[0247] like Figure 10As shown, the overall trend indicates that ammonia nitrogen concentrations were generally high on May 22, approaching or exceeding the Class V water quality limit at times. Conversely, ammonia nitrogen concentrations were relatively low on May 21 and July 23, with smaller fluctuations, remaining below the Class V limit for most of the time. Overall, the monitoring period revealed significant intraday fluctuations and date-specific differences in reservoir ammonia nitrogen concentrations, reflecting the dynamic changes in ammonia nitrogen load in the water body on different days, which can provide a reference for reservoir water quality management.

[0248] like Figure 11 As shown, the total nitrogen concentration was generally high on May 21st and 22nd, exceeding the Class V water quality limit for most periods; the total nitrogen concentration was relatively low on July 23rd, with smaller fluctuations, remaining below the Class V water quality limit for most periods. Overall, the total nitrogen concentration in the reservoir showed significant intraday fluctuations and date differences during the monitoring period, reflecting the dynamic changes in the total nitrogen load in the water body on different days, which can provide a reference for reservoir water quality management.

[0249] like Figure 12 As shown, the total phosphorus concentration fluctuated most significantly on May 21, exceeding the Class IV water quality limit for some periods. The total phosphorus concentration remained relatively stable on May 22, mostly within the Class IV limit. On July 23, the total phosphorus concentration showed a gradual upward trend, eventually approaching the Class V limit. Overall, the total phosphorus concentration in the reservoir exhibited significant intraday fluctuations and date variations during the monitoring period, reflecting the dynamic changes in total phosphorus load in the water body on different days, which can provide a reference for reservoir water quality management.

[0250] like Figure 13 The figure shows the dynamic changes in the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio (NPK) of the reservoir water from 9:00 to 17:00 on three monitoring days: May 21, May 22, and July 23. The NPK ratio showed the largest intraday fluctuation on May 21, reaching a peak of approximately 3.0 around 10:00, and then generally showing a fluctuating downward trend. The NPK ratio on May 22 showed significant fluctuations followed by a continuous upward trend. The NPK ratio on July 23 was the lowest of the three monitoring days, generally remaining within the range of 1.0 to 2.0, with only a small peak of approximately 2.0 around 12:00; the rest of the time remained relatively stable without significant fluctuations. Figure 13 It clearly reflects the intraday variation of nitrogen-phosphorus ratio in the reservoir on different dates, and intuitively presents the dynamic changes in the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient structure of the reservoir water at different times. It can provide data support for eutrophication risk assessment, algae growth control and water quality regulation and management.

[0251] The above analysis shows that the effluent test results from the target reservoir from May to July 2025 indicate that the average COD was 20.97 mg / L, TN was 1.82 mg / L, NH3-N was 0.84 mg / L, and TP was 0.13 mg / L. The average COD and NH3-N values ​​are within the Class IV surface water standard, while the average TN and TP values ​​are within the Class V standard. The N / P ratio is between 15:1 and 25:1. Under low nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, total nitrogen is the decisive limiting factor for eutrophication of the lake.

[0252] 3) Sediment sampling and analysis

[0253] The bottom sediment samples collected from the target reservoir were analyzed (a total of 8 sampling points, namely sampling points 1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, and 8#), as shown in Table 1.

[0254] Table 1 Sample test results

[0255] According to the sediment survey results at 8 sites, the total organic matter content in the sediments of the target reservoir ranged from 21.6 to 28.1 g / kg, with an average of 24.34 g / kg, all of which met the first-level cross-section standard; the TP content ranged from 625 to 792 mg / kg, with an average of 688 mg / kg, which was greater than 500 mg / kg; and the TN content ranged from 1120 to 1920 mg / kg, with an average of 1.44 g / kg, which was greater than 1000 mg / L.

[0256] Based on the "National Survey and Evaluation of River, Lake and Reservoir Sediment Pollution Status" and the reference values ​​for the risk assessment of sediment dredging in Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake (TN > 1000 mg / L, TP > 500 mg / L), the results show that the TN and TP contents of the target reservoir exceed the pollution risk values, indicating a need for remediation.

[0257] According to the heavy metal monitoring results of sediments at 8 locations, the levels of copper, zinc, lead, chromium, cadmium, nickel, and arsenic are all within the pollution prevention and control risk values ​​according to the "Soil Environmental Quality Standard for Agricultural Land Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Risk Management". The mercury content is lower than the pollution prevention and control control value. The sediments can be used for resource utilization after post-disposal. Specific data are shown in Table 2.

[0258] Table 2. Heavy metal monitoring in reservoir sediment (mg / kg)

[0259] As can be seen from the monitoring data in Tables 1 and 2, before the treatment, the concentrations of major pollutants such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the target reservoir were generally high, with many indicators exceeding the Class V standard limits for surface water. Dissolved oxygen was low, and the water body showed obvious eutrophication characteristics. Endogenous and exogenous pollution were superimposed, resulting in weak ecological self-purification capacity and problems such as poor water quality, insufficient stability, and difficulty in long-term maintenance. These monitoring results fully reflect the reality of water quality deterioration and ecosystem degradation in the small ponds before the treatment, and also confirm the necessity and urgency of using this invention for systematic treatment to achieve long-term water purification and ecological stability restoration.

[0260] Therefore, based on the detection and analysis of the target reservoirs mentioned above, the water quality targets for the construction of lake and reservoir ecological restoration projects were established using the method of this invention, as shown in Table 3.

[0261] Table 3. Construction Objectives of Lake and Reservoir Ecological Restoration Project

[0262] Based on the in-depth detection and analysis of the target reservoir and the strong adaptability of the ecological restoration technology system of this invention, this project sets clear, achievable and forward-looking phased water quality targets for lake and reservoir ecological restoration. That is, through the systematic and scientific governance methods of this invention, the following targets will be achieved to the greatest extent possible: the short-term target (2026) is to fully achieve the Class III standard for surface water environmental quality, with the core indicators COD controlled within 30 mg / L, NH3-N controlled within 1.5 mg / L, TP controlled within 0.3 mg / L, water transparency reaching above 0.8 m, and algal blooms completely eliminated in the reservoir bay area. The long-term goal (2030) is to further consolidate and continuously optimize the Class III water quality, achieving COD≤20mg / L, NH3-N≤1.0mg / L, TP≤0.2mg / L, and increasing water transparency to 1.0m. The goal is to maintain the excellent water quality of the reservoir bay area without algal blooms in the long term, ensuring that the water quality of the target reservoir is consistently better than the Class III water standard, and fully realizing the health, clarity and sustainability of the lake and reservoir ecosystem.

[0263] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of multi-type pond wetlands, characterized in that, The following governance steps are included: S1. Dredging is carried out on the bottom of several ponds. After dredging, earthwork shaping and seepage prevention are carried out on the ponds. Then, ecological base improvement and environmental creation are carried out on the ponds. S2. Connect several ponds in sequence to form a multi-level gradient purification water flow path, resulting in treatment units connected in sequence according to the water flow direction, including pre-ecological sedimentation pond, low-oxygen pond, aeration pond, oxidation pond, surface flow wetland, aquatic plant pond and dry stream. S3. Construct aquatic plant communities, aquatic animal communities, and microbial systems in each treatment unit, and install aeration devices in the aeration pond and oxidation pond. S4. Real-time online monitoring of water quality parameters in each treatment unit; S5. Based on real-time water quality parameters, implement closed-loop control for various types of pond wetlands, including power control of aeration devices, early warning of water quality anomalies, and separation control of rainwater and sewage.

2. The method for ecological restoration of multi-type pond wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that, During dredging operations, the dredging depth is set at 0.5m, and the dredging depth is monitored in real time to control the error within the range of 0 to -5cm. The sludge produced by dredging is transported to geotextile bags on the shore, and environmentally friendly flocculants are added simultaneously for dehydration and consolidation. The consolidated dry mud is used for shoreline restoration or land reclamation. For irregularly shaped corner areas of the pond, dredging is assisted by long-arm excavators on the shore, excavators on the water, or manual labor.

3. The method for ecological restoration of multi-type pond wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the seepage prevention construction, the base of the pond is first compacted with plain soil to a density of more than 90%. Then, a 1.5mm thick high-density polyethylene membrane and a 500g / m² geotextile are laid in sequence, and a fine sand protective layer is laid on top of the high-density polyethylene membrane.

4. The method for ecological restoration of multi-type pond wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that, When improving the ecological base and creating the environment, first remove construction waste, weed roots and various debris from the pond, then use microbial agents to disinfect and activate the bottom mud. After the improvement is completed, expose it to the sun for no less than 7 days. For rainy season construction scenarios, adopt a layered, segmented and piece-by-piece construction method to avoid rainy days and complete the base treatment.

5. The method for ecological restoration of multi-type pond wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that, Biological barriers are installed in the pre-treatment ecological sedimentation pond and / or low-oxygen pond. The biological barriers include a support frame and rope-like biological contact material fixed on the support frame to form a high-density microbial carrier. The low-oxygen pond is planted with 80%-90% coverage of economic floating-leaved plants such as water chestnut and water caltrop to create a low-oxygen denitrification environment. The aeration pond is equipped with aeration pipes and microporous aeration discs to create an aerobic environment for aerobic microorganisms through uniform aeration. The oxidation pond is equipped with an ecological structure combining aquatic animals and fish nests, which, together with aeration equipment and oxygen secretion from aquatic plants, creates an oxygen-rich environment. The surface flow wetland is densely planted with water chestnut, water celery, and water caltrop, and the root area is covered with gravel filter media. The slopes of the aquatic plant pond are planted with reeds and cattails, and the pond is planted with bitter grass, pondweed, and goldfish algae. The dry stream is transformed from a drainage ditch, with gravel lining and wetland plants planted inside.

6. The method for ecological restoration of multi-type pond wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bio-barriers are secured by galvanized steel pipes and ropes, and in areas where impermeable membranes are laid, they are secured by counterweights and / or gabions.

7. The method for ecological restoration of multi-type pond wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of aquatic plant communities includes the construction of submerged plant communities, emergent plant communities, and floating-leaved plant communities. Submerged plants are planted using the cutting method, with the water level in the planting area controlled at 10cm. Before planting, the seedlings are pretreated by killing eggs, sterilizing, and promoting root growth. Before planting emergent and floating-leaved plants, the planting area is demarcated, and the seedlings are pretreated and planted according to the designed density. The specific steps for constructing the aquatic animal community are as follows: After the aquatic plant system has stabilized, silver carp, snails, and clams are introduced into the water. Before introduction, the aquatic animals are disinfected with 0.5% saline solution for 30 minutes, and a small-scale trial is conducted to verify the survival rate. The microbial system construction is as follows: After the aquatic plant and animal community is constructed, microbial agents are added to the treatment unit according to the water quality. The microbial agents are diluted with water, stirred evenly, and then sprinkled throughout the pond. The product can be used immediately after opening. Bactericides and antibiotics are prohibited from being used within one week before and after addition.

8. The method for ecological restoration of multi-type pond wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that, Water quality parameters include chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and suspended solids.

9. The method for ecological restoration of multi-type pond wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power control of the aeration device is as follows: when the dissolved oxygen in the treatment unit is detected to be lower than the preset threshold of 4 mg / L, an instruction is issued to start or increase the power of the aeration device in the corresponding treatment unit. The water quality anomaly warning is specifically: when the total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen water quality indicators are continuously exceeded, a water quality warning information is generated and pushed to the management personnel. The specific measures for separating and controlling rainwater and sewage are as follows: during the dry season, interception wells are used to block sewage into the sewage pipe network; during the rainy season, based on real-time monitoring of water quality and flow parameters, a portion of the mixed rainwater and sewage is intercepted, and the remaining rainwater overflows downstream through the weir.

10. A multi-type pond wetland ecological management and control system, characterized in that, The method for ecological management of multi-type pond wetlands according to any one of claims 1 to 9 includes a dredging operation unit, an intelligent interception well unit, an ecological purification unit, an intelligent monitoring module, and an intelligent control execution module. The dredging unit is used to perform dredging operations on the bottom of the pond, and simultaneously completes the transportation and dewatering and consolidation of the dredging mud. The intelligent interception well unit is used to perform rainwater and sewage diversion control and is communicatively connected to the intelligent control execution module. The ecological purification unit is installed in each treatment unit to build a water purification ecological system and to perform water aeration and oxygenation operations according to instructions. The intelligent monitoring module includes multiple sets of water quality sensors deployed in each treatment unit. The water quality sensors are connected to the data processing platform to monitor the water quality parameters in each treatment unit in real time and upload the monitoring data to the data processing platform in real time. The intelligent control and execution module is connected to the data processing platform, the ecological purification unit, and the intelligent interception well unit respectively. It is used to send power control commands for the aeration device to the ecological purification unit and rainwater and sewage diversion control commands to the interception well unit based on the real-time water quality parameters received by the data processing platform. At the same time, when abnormal water quality indicators are detected, it generates and pushes water quality early warning information to the management personnel.

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