Hydraulic tunnel deep shaft underground diaphragm wall lateral soil pressure gauge installation and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of safety monitoring, and discloses a hydraulic tunnel deep shaft underground diaphragm wall lateral soil pressure meter installation construction method, which comprises the following construction steps that 1) a groove is formed in a construction site by a groover, and groove side walls are arranged on two sides of the groove; (2) tank cleaning treatment is carried out; (3) a reinforcement cage is put down, cage side parts are arranged on the two sides, and side part intervals are formed between the cage side parts and the groove side walls; the reinforcement cage is provided with a power pushing structure and a connecting plate thereof, and a lateral soil pressure meter is arranged on the connecting plate; (4) after the reinforcement cage descends to the set depth and is fixed, the power pushing structure pushes the connecting plate until the lateral soil pressure meter abuts against the side wall of the groove; and (5) concrete is poured, the reinforcement cage is wrapped in the concrete, the concrete is solidified to form the underground diaphragm wall, and the lateral soil pressure meter is exposed on the side portion of the underground diaphragm wall, so that even if the soil pressure changes after the concrete is solidified, lateral soil pressure monitoring data can still meet the accuracy requirement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of safety monitoring, and more specifically, to a method for installing and constructing lateral earth pressure gauges on the underground continuous wall of a deep vertical shaft in a hydraulic tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] Lateral earth pressure gauges are monitoring devices used to measure changes in the lateral pressure exerted by soil on a structure. They are commonly used for long-term stress monitoring of structures such as diaphragm walls, earth-rock dams, and slopes, allowing for real-time monitoring of the structural stress state and ensuring project safety. Especially in the application of deep vertical shaft engineering in hydraulic tunnels, where diaphragm walls serve as important support structures, the installation of lateral earth pressure gauges is crucial for accurately monitoring and assessing the stability of tunnels and shafts.

[0003] During the construction of diaphragm walls, due to the narrow space inside the trench and the large burial depth of the lateral earth pressure gauges, it is difficult for construction workers to manually install the lateral earth pressure gauges directly. Even if they can be placed manually, it is difficult to accurately align the lateral earth pressure gauges with the sidewall of the trench, affecting the reliability of the monitoring data, which shows the difficulty of installation.

[0004] In existing technologies, the positions of the reinforcing cage and the lateral earth pressure gauge are usually predetermined. The lateral earth pressure gauge is then fixed to the reinforcing cage, and the gauge is hoisted to the design position along with the cage to measure the lateral earth pressure. However, there is a gap between the lateral earth pressure gauge and the soil. After the reinforcing cage is hoisted, the space between the gauge and the soil is filled with concrete. Once the concrete hardens, it changes the earth pressure state, leading to data deviation. The lateral earth pressure data measured by the gauge cannot meet the accuracy requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for installing lateral earth pressure gauges on the underground continuous wall of deep vertical shafts in hydraulic tunnels, aiming to solve the problem that the installation of lateral earth pressure gauges is difficult in the prior art.

[0006] This invention is implemented as follows: A method for installing lateral earth pressure gauges on the underground continuous wall of a deep vertical shaft in a hydraulic tunnel includes the following construction steps: 1) A trenching machine is used to excavate at the construction site to form a trench of a set depth, and the two sides of the trench have trench sidewalls respectively. 2) Clean the trench; 3) A steel cage is lowered into the trench. The steel cage has cage side sections on both sides, and there is a side section gap between the cage side sections and the trench side wall. The steel cage is provided with a power-driven structure. The power-driven structure has a connecting plate. A lateral earth pressure gauge is provided on the connecting plate. The lateral earth pressure gauge is arranged facing the trench side wall. 4) When the steel cage is lowered into the trench to the set depth and fixed in the trench, the power push structure pushes the connecting plate toward the side wall of the trench until the lateral earth pressure gauge abuts against the side wall of the trench. 5) Concrete is poured into the trench, the steel cage is encased in the concrete, the concrete solidifies to form a diaphragm wall, and the lateral earth pressure gauge is exposed on the side of the diaphragm wall.

[0007] Furthermore, in construction step 3), the power-driven structure includes a pneumatic pump, which has a telescopic piston shaft connected to a connecting plate; in construction step 4), the pneumatic pump drives the piston shaft to extend toward the sidewall of the trench, pushing the connecting plate toward the sidewall of the trench until the lateral earth pressure gauge abuts against the sidewall of the trench.

[0008] Furthermore, in construction step 3), the pneumatic pump is fitted with an outer shell, which is fixedly connected to the reinforcing cage and arranged perpendicularly to the side wall of the trench; the outer shell has a closed inner cavity, the pneumatic pump is placed in the inner cavity, and the piston shaft extends out of the inner cavity and is connected to the connecting plate.

[0009] Furthermore, in construction step 3), the pneumatic pump is strip-shaped, the outer shell and the inner cavity are strip-shaped, the pneumatic pump extends along the axial direction of the inner cavity, and there is an outer circumferential gap between the inner wall of the inner cavity and the outer periphery of the pneumatic pump.

[0010] Furthermore, in construction step 3), the front end of the pneumatic pump forms a pump front end, and the rear end of the pneumatic pump forms a pump rear end; the piston shaft is formed at the pump front end, and the pump rear end is connected to a pump wire connected to a power source, with the pump wire extending out of the inner cavity; The front end of the housing is provided with a front end plate, and the rear end of the housing is provided with a rear end plate. The front end of the pump abuts against the front end plate, the piston shaft passes through the front end plate and extends out of the inner cavity, the rear end of the pump abuts against the rear end plate, and the pump wire passes through the rear end plate and extends out of the inner cavity. The front end plate and the rear end section axially clamp and fix the pneumatic pump.

[0011] Furthermore, in construction step 3), the inner cavity has multiple circumferential clamping structures for circumferentially clamping and fixing the pneumatic pump, and the multiple circumferential clamping structures are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the inner cavity. The circumferential clamping structure includes multiple radial shafts, which are arranged around the pneumatic pump at circumferential intervals. The outer ends of the radial shafts are fixedly connected to the inner sidewall of the inner cavity to form fixed ends, and the inner ends of the radial shafts abut against the outer periphery of the pneumatic pump to form clamping ends.

[0012] Furthermore, in construction step 3), the pneumatic pump has multiple elastically deformable rings on its outer periphery, and the multiple elastic rings are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the pneumatic pump; the inner side of the elastic ring is sleeved on the pneumatic pump and fixedly connected to the pneumatic pump, and the outer side of the elastic ring is recessed to form an annular groove, which extends along the circumference of the elastic ring. The grooved ring has multiple recessed positions, which are arranged at intervals around the circumference of the elastic ring; the elastic ring has elastically deformable strips that extend along the circumference of the elastic ring. The elastic strip has multiple curved segments, which are arranged around the elastic strip at circumferential intervals. Along the radial direction of the elastic ring, the curved segments protrude outwards and enclose to form an elastic interval. The middle part of the curved segment forms a top position, which is exposed at the bottom of the recess. The clamping end is embedded in the recess and abuts against the top position. In construction step 4), when the outer shell of the steel cage is impacted during the process of lowering the steel cage into the trench, the clamping end of the radial shaft presses against the bending section and deforms elastically, the elastic interval opens and expands or closes and shrinks, and the elastic ring deforms elastically in sync.

[0013] Furthermore, in construction step 3), the connecting plate has an outward end face facing the side wall of the groove and an inward end face facing the pneumatic pump. A central boss protrudes from the center of the inward end face, and the piston shaft is inserted into the central boss and connected to the connecting plate. The lateral earth pressure gauge is plate-shaped and connected to the outer side; pressure gauge wires are connected to the outer periphery of the lateral earth pressure gauge.

[0014] Furthermore, in construction step 3), the central boss is provided with a boss hole with an outer opening, a hemispherical positioning ball is protruding from the bottom of the boss hole, and multiple elastic constraint rings are provided on the inner sidewall of the boss hole. The multiple constraint rings are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the boss hole, and the constraint rings are arranged around the circumference of the boss hole. The end of the piston shaft is recessed inward to form a hemispherical positioning groove. The piston shaft is movably inserted into the boss hole, the positioning ball is movably embedded in the positioning groove, and multiple constraint rings are sleeved on the outer periphery of the piston shaft. In construction step 4), during the process of the piston shaft driving the lateral earth pressure gauge to abut against the side wall of the trench, the piston shaft is automatically adjusted relative to the connecting plate so that the lateral earth pressure gauge is arranged in close contact with the side wall of the trench.

[0015] Furthermore, in construction step 3), the inner wall of the positioning groove is covered with an elastic layer, which abuts against the positioning ball; in construction step 4), when the piston shaft automatically adjusts relative to the connecting plate, the elastic layer is compressed and deformed.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the method for installing lateral earth pressure gauges in the underground continuous wall of deep vertical shafts in hydraulic tunnels provided by the present invention solves the alignment problem caused by manual installation by setting a power-driven structure on the steel cage, which enables the lateral earth pressure gauges to accurately abut against the side wall of the trench, thus making the monitoring data stable and reliable. Furthermore, the power-driven structure allows the lateral earth pressure gauges to be flexibly adjusted and firmly fixed in narrow side gaps, overcoming the installation difficulties caused by narrow construction space. In addition, the lateral earth pressure gauge is exposed on the side of the diaphragm wall after the concrete is poured. In this way, even if the earth pressure changes after the concrete has solidified, the lateral earth pressure monitoring data can avoid data deviation, thus meeting the requirements of accuracy and reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process for installing and constructing a lateral earth pressure gauge on the underground continuous wall of a deep vertical shaft in a hydraulic tunnel, as provided by the present invention. Figure 2 This is a simplified installation diagram of the lateral earth pressure gauge provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the power propulsion structure provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the radial shaft and the elastic ring provided by the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the elastic ring provided by the present invention; Figure 6 This is a simplified schematic diagram of the elastic strip provided by the present invention; Figure 7 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the piston shaft provided by the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the central boss provided by the present invention; In the diagram: trench 100, trench sidewall 101, side spacer 102, steel cage 103; Pneumatic pump 200, outer casing 201, inner cavity 202, outer peripheral spacer 203, pump wire 204, front end plate 205, rear end plate 206; Radial shaft 300, elastic ring 301, annular groove 302, recessed position 303, elastic strip 304, bent section 305, elastic interval 306, top position 307; Piston shaft 400, positioning groove 401, elastic layer 402; Connecting plate 500, lateral earth pressure gauge 501, pressure gauge wire 502, central boss 503, boss hole 504, positioning ball 505, constraint ring 506. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0019] The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0020] In the accompanying drawings of this embodiment, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of this invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting this invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0021] Reference Figure 1-8 The image shown is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] The installation method for lateral earth pressure gauges on the diaphragm wall of a deep vertical shaft in a hydraulic tunnel includes the following construction steps: 1) A trenching machine is used to excavate at the construction site to form a trench 100 of a set depth in the construction site. The trench 100 has trench sidewalls 101 on both sides. 2) Clean the trench 100; 3) A steel cage 103 is lowered into the trench 100. The steel cage 103 has cage side sections on both sides, and there is a side section gap 102 between the cage side sections and the trench side wall 101. The steel cage 103 is provided with a power propulsion structure. The power propulsion structure has a connecting plate 500. A lateral earth pressure gauge 501 is provided on the connecting plate 500. The lateral earth pressure gauge 501 is arranged facing the trench side wall 101. 4) When the steel cage 103 is lowered into the trench 100 to the set depth and fixed in the trench 100, the power push structure pushes the connecting plate 500 toward the trench side wall 101 until the lateral earth pressure gauge 501 abuts against the trench side wall 101. 5) Concrete is poured into the trench 100, and the steel cage 103 is encased in the concrete. The concrete solidifies to form a diaphragm wall, and the lateral earth pressure gauge 501 is exposed on the side of the diaphragm wall.

[0023] The above-mentioned method for installing lateral earth pressure gauges on the diaphragm wall of a deep vertical shaft in a hydraulic tunnel solves the alignment problem caused by manual installation by setting a power-driven structure on the reinforcing cage 103, which allows the lateral earth pressure gauge 501 to accurately abut against the side wall 101 of the trench. This ensures stable and reliable monitoring data. Furthermore, the power-driven structure allows the lateral earth pressure gauge 501 to be flexibly adjusted and firmly fixed in the narrow side gap 102, overcoming the installation difficulties caused by the narrow construction space. In addition, after the concrete is poured, the lateral earth pressure gauge 501 is exposed on the side of the diaphragm wall. This ensures that even if the earth pressure changes after the concrete hardens, the lateral earth pressure monitoring data can avoid data deviation, thus meeting the requirements of accuracy and reliability.

[0024] In this embodiment, in construction step 3), the power propulsion structure includes a pneumatic pump 200, which has a telescopic piston shaft 400 and is connected to a connecting plate 500; in construction step 4), the pneumatic pump 200 drives the piston shaft 400 to extend toward the trench sidewall 101, pushing the connecting plate 500 to move toward the trench sidewall 101 until the lateral earth pressure gauge 501 abuts against the trench sidewall 101.

[0025] By utilizing the extension and retraction function of the piston shaft 400 of the pneumatic pump 200, the position of the connecting plate 500 can be flexibly adjusted, ultimately allowing the lateral earth pressure gauge 501 to fit against the side wall 101 of the groove. Compared with traditional manual installation, this power adjustment achieves precise fitting of the lateral earth pressure gauge 501, especially in narrow spaces within underground continuous walls where it is difficult for humans to access, thus improving installation efficiency and measurement accuracy.

[0026] The pneumatic pump 200 mentioned in this embodiment is a device that can compress and store air or deliver it directly to a target. Its core is to control the air pressure. The pressure range, air flow rate, and other standards of the pneumatic pump 200 are adjusted according to the specific application scenario.

[0027] In this embodiment, in order to be compatible with lateral earth pressure gauges 501 of different diameters, an independent lateral earth pressure gauge 501 is used to connect to the pneumatic pump 200. Depending on the size of the lateral earth pressure gauge 501, a matching pneumatic pump 200 is selected, thus making it suitable for the installation of lateral earth pressure gauges 501 of different sizes.

[0028] In this embodiment, in construction step 3), the pneumatic pump 200 is fitted with an outer shell 201, which is fixedly connected to the reinforcing cage 103 and arranged perpendicularly to the side wall 101 of the trench. The outer shell 201 has a closed inner cavity 202, in which the pneumatic pump 200 is placed. The piston shaft 400 extends out of the inner cavity 202 and is connected to the connecting plate 500.

[0029] Encased by the outer shell 201, the pneumatic pump 200 is protected from external impacts during the lowering of the reinforcing cage 103, reducing damage to the pneumatic pump 200. At the same time, the sealing of the inner cavity 202 ensures the stability of the pneumatic pump 200's operation. The vertical arrangement of the outer shell 201 and the side wall 101 of the trench ensures that the extension and contraction force line of the piston shaft 400 is perpendicular to the side wall 101 of the trench, thereby improving the fit of the lateral earth pressure gauge 501.

[0030] In this embodiment, in construction step 3), the pneumatic pump 200 is strip-shaped, the outer shell 201 and the inner cavity 202 are strip-shaped, the pneumatic pump 200 extends along the axial direction of the inner cavity 202, and there is an outer peripheral gap 203 between the inner sidewall of the inner cavity 202 and the outer periphery of the pneumatic pump 200.

[0031] The strip-shaped pneumatic pump 200 is adapted to the axial extension of the outer shell 201 and the inner cavity 202, which makes the entire power propulsion structure more flexible and adaptable within the narrow side gap 102 of the underground continuous wall. Moreover, the axially extending strip not only saves radial space, but also ensures the stable operation of the pneumatic pump 200 in the inner cavity 202, providing reliable thrust for the lateral earth pressure gauge 501.

[0032] In this embodiment, in construction step 3), the front end of the pneumatic pump 200 forms the pump front end, and the rear end of the pneumatic pump 200 forms the pump rear end; the piston shaft 400 is formed at the pump front end, and the pump rear end is connected to a pump wire 204 connected to the power supply, and the pump wire 204 extends out of the inner cavity 202. The front end of the housing 201 is provided with a front end plate 205, and the rear end of the housing 201 is provided with a rear end plate 206. The front end of the pump abuts against the front end plate 205, the piston shaft 400 passes through the front end plate 205 and extends out of the inner cavity 202, the rear end of the pump abuts against the rear end plate 206, and the pump wire 204 passes through the rear end plate 206 and extends out of the inner cavity 202. The front end plate 205 and the rear end plate 206 axially clamp and fix the pneumatic pump 200.

[0033] The pneumatic pump 200 is axially clamped and fixed by the front plate 205 and the rear plate 206 to prevent displacement of the pump due to vibration or impact during operation, and to ensure the stable extension and retraction of the piston shaft 400. The orderly lead-out of the pump wire 204 avoids the decrease in the accuracy of the installation position of the pneumatic pump 200 due to wire entanglement or pump body offset, thereby improving the reliability of the overall power drive structure.

[0034] In this embodiment, in construction step 3), the inner cavity 202 has multiple circumferential clamping structures for circumferentially clamping and fixing the pneumatic pump 200, and the multiple circumferential clamping structures are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the inner cavity 202. The circumferential clamping structure includes multiple radial shafts 300, which are arranged around the pneumatic pump 200 at circumferential intervals. The outer ends of the radial shafts 300 are fixedly connected to the inner sidewall of the inner cavity 202 to form fixed ends, and the inner ends of the radial shafts 300 abut against the outer periphery of the pneumatic pump 200 to form clamping ends.

[0035] The pneumatic pump 200 is evenly clamped by multiple radial shafts 300, which prevents radial displacement of the pneumatic pump 200 and improves the accuracy and stability of the piston shaft 400. At the same time, the axial arrangement ensures the stability of the pneumatic pump 200 in different positions, avoids installation deviation caused by radial vibration, and ensures accurate fit with the lateral earth pressure gauge 501.

[0036] In this embodiment, in construction step 3), multiple elastic rings 301 with elastic deformation are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the pneumatic pump 200 on the outer periphery of the pneumatic pump 200; the inner side of the elastic ring 301 is sleeved on the pneumatic pump 200 and fixedly connected to the pneumatic pump 200; the outer side of the elastic ring 301 is recessed to form an annular groove 302, which extends along the circumference of the elastic ring 301. The annular groove 302 is provided with a plurality of recessed positions 303, which are arranged around the elastic ring 301 at intervals in the circumference; the elastic ring 301 is provided with elastically deformable elastic strips 304, which extend in the circumference of the elastic ring 301. The elastic strip 304 has multiple curved segments 305, which are arranged around the elastic strip 304 at circumferential intervals. Along the radial direction of the elastic ring 301, the curved segments 305 protrude outwards and form an elastic interval 306. The middle part of the curved segment 305 forms a top position 307, which is exposed at the bottom of the recessed position 303. The clamping end is embedded in the recessed position 303 and abuts against the top position 307. In construction step 4), when the outer shell 201 is impacted during the process of lowering the steel cage 103 into the trench 100, the clamping end of the radial shaft 300 presses against the bending section 305 to deform elastically, the elastic interval 306 opens and expands or closes and shrinks, and the elastic ring 301 deforms elastically in sync.

[0037] The elastic ring 301 and elastic gap 306 provide good buffering performance for the pneumatic pump 200. Especially during the process of lowering the steel cage 103, if the outer shell 201 is impacted, the radial shaft 300 will absorb the impact force through the deformation of the elastic ring 301, thereby avoiding damage or displacement of the pneumatic pump 200.

[0038] In this embodiment, in construction step 3), the connecting plate 500 has an outward end face facing the side wall 101 of the groove and an inward end face facing the pneumatic pump 200. A central boss 503 is protruding from the middle of the inward end face, and the piston shaft 400 is inserted into the central boss 503 and connected to the connecting plate 500. The lateral earth pressure gauge 501 is plate-shaped and is connected to the outer side; the outer periphery of the lateral earth pressure gauge 501 is connected to the pressure gauge wire 502.

[0039] The connection between the connecting plate 500 and the lateral earth pressure gauge 501 is achieved in a simple and robust manner, facilitating quick installation and disassembly. This connection method is suitable for the narrow installation space within the underground continuous wall trench 100, making installation and disassembly more efficient. The cooperation between the boss hole and the hemispherical positioning ball ensures that the lateral earth pressure gauge 501 maintains good fit when under force, reducing measurement errors caused by unstable connection during installation. Thus, accurate and reliable transmission of monitoring data is achieved through the pressure gauge wire 502.

[0040] In this embodiment, in construction step 3), the central boss 503 is provided with a boss hole 504 with an outer opening, the bottom of the boss hole 504 is provided with a hemispherical positioning ball 505, and the inner sidewall of the boss hole 504 is provided with a plurality of elastic constraint rings 506. The plurality of constraint rings 506 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the boss hole 504, and the constraint rings 506 are arranged around the circumference of the boss hole 504. The end of the piston shaft 400 is recessed inward to form a hemispherical positioning groove 401. The piston shaft 400 is movably inserted into the boss hole 504, the positioning ball 505 is movably embedded in the positioning groove 401, and multiple constraint rings 506 are sleeved on the outer periphery of the piston shaft 400. In construction step 4), during the process of the piston shaft 400 driving the lateral earth pressure gauge 501 to abut against the trench sidewall 101, the piston shaft 400 automatically adjusts relative to the connecting plate 500 so that the lateral earth pressure gauge 501 is arranged in close contact with the trench sidewall 101.

[0041] The positioning ball 505 cooperates with the positioning groove 401, and the elastic design of the constraint ring 506 allows for fine adjustment of the piston shaft 400, ensuring that the lateral earth pressure gauge 501 fits against the side wall 101 of the groove, thus improving the reliability of the monitoring data.

[0042] The connection between the piston shaft 400 and the connecting plate 500 uses an elastic constraint ring and a positioning ball, which enables them to automatically adjust the position of the lateral earth pressure gauge 501 under minor vibrations or impacts, ensuring a tight fit with the trench sidewall 101. This has a greater advantage in adaptability during the construction of underground continuous walls in complex terrain.

[0043] In this embodiment, in construction step 3), the inner wall of the positioning groove 401 is covered with an elastic layer 402, and the elastic layer 402 abuts against the positioning ball 505; in construction step 4), when the piston shaft 400 automatically adjusts relative to the connecting plate 500, the elastic layer 402 is deformed by compression.

[0044] This effectively buffers the impact force between the piston shaft 400 and the connecting plate 500, preventing the connection from loosening due to severe vibration. The stress deformation characteristics of the elastic layer 402 enhance the installation stability of the lateral earth pressure gauge 501, ensuring the accuracy of the monitoring data during long-term operation.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for installing lateral earth pressure gauges on the diaphragm wall of a deep vertical shaft in a hydraulic tunnel, characterized in that... The construction steps include the following: 1) A trenching machine is used to excavate at the construction site to form a trench of a set depth, and the two sides of the trench have trench sidewalls respectively. 2) Clean the trench; 3) A steel cage is lowered into the trench. The steel cage has cage side sections on both sides, and there is a side section gap between the cage side sections and the trench side wall. The steel cage is provided with a power-driven structure. The power-driven structure has a connecting plate. A lateral earth pressure gauge is provided on the connecting plate. The lateral earth pressure gauge is arranged facing the trench side wall. 4) When the steel cage is lowered into the trench to the set depth and fixed in the trench, the power push structure pushes the connecting plate toward the side wall of the trench until the lateral earth pressure gauge abuts against the side wall of the trench. 5) Concrete is poured into the trench, the steel cage is encased in the concrete, the concrete solidifies to form a diaphragm wall, and the lateral earth pressure gauge is exposed on the side of the diaphragm wall.

2. The method for installing and constructing a lateral earth pressure gauge on the underground continuous wall of a deep vertical shaft in a hydraulic tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that... In construction step 3), the power-driven structure includes a pneumatic pump with a telescopic piston shaft connected to a connecting plate; in construction step 4), the pneumatic pump drives the piston shaft to extend toward the sidewall of the trench, pushing the connecting plate toward the sidewall of the trench until the lateral earth pressure gauge abuts against the sidewall of the trench.

3. The method for installing and constructing a lateral earth pressure gauge on the underground continuous wall of a deep vertical shaft in a hydraulic tunnel as described in claim 2, characterized in that... In construction step 3), the pneumatic pump is fitted with an outer shell, which is fixedly connected to the reinforcing cage and arranged perpendicularly to the side wall of the trench; the outer shell has a closed inner cavity, the pneumatic pump is placed in the inner cavity, and the piston shaft extends out of the inner cavity and is connected to the connecting plate.

4. The method for installing and constructing a lateral earth pressure gauge on the underground continuous wall of a deep vertical shaft in a hydraulic tunnel as described in claim 3, characterized in that... In construction step 3), the pneumatic pump is strip-shaped, the outer shell and the inner cavity are strip-shaped, the pneumatic pump extends along the axial direction of the inner cavity, and there is an outer circumferential gap between the inner wall of the inner cavity and the outer periphery of the pneumatic pump.

5. The method for installing and constructing a lateral earth pressure gauge on the underground continuous wall of a deep vertical shaft in a hydraulic tunnel as described in claim 3, characterized in that... In construction step 3), the front end of the pneumatic pump forms the pump front end, and the rear end of the pneumatic pump forms the pump rear end; the piston shaft is formed at the pump front end, and the pump rear end is connected to a pump wire connected to a power source, with the pump wire extending out of the inner cavity. The front end of the housing is provided with a front end plate, and the rear end of the housing is provided with a rear end plate. The front end of the pump abuts against the front end plate, the piston shaft passes through the front end plate and extends out of the inner cavity, the rear end of the pump abuts against the rear end plate, and the pump wire passes through the rear end plate and extends out of the inner cavity. The front end plate and the rear end section axially clamp and fix the pneumatic pump.

6. The method for installing and constructing a lateral earth pressure gauge on the underground continuous wall of a deep vertical shaft in a hydraulic tunnel as described in claim 3, characterized in that... In construction step 3), the inner cavity has multiple circumferential clamping structures for circumferentially clamping and fixing the pneumatic pump, and the multiple circumferential clamping structures are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the inner cavity. The circumferential clamping structure includes multiple radial shafts, which are arranged around the pneumatic pump at circumferential intervals. The outer ends of the radial shafts are fixedly connected to the inner sidewall of the inner cavity to form fixed ends, and the inner ends of the radial shafts abut against the outer periphery of the pneumatic pump to form clamping ends.

7. The method for installing and constructing a lateral earth pressure gauge on the underground continuous wall of a deep vertical shaft in a hydraulic tunnel as described in claim 6, characterized in that... In construction step 3), multiple elastic rings with elastic deformation are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the pneumatic pump on the outer periphery; the inner side of the elastic ring is sleeved on the pneumatic pump and fixedly connected to the pneumatic pump; the outer side of the elastic ring is recessed to form an annular groove, which extends along the circumference of the elastic ring. The grooved ring has multiple recessed positions, which are arranged at intervals around the circumference of the elastic ring; the elastic ring has elastically deformable strips that extend along the circumference of the elastic ring. The elastic strip has multiple curved segments, which are arranged around the elastic strip at circumferential intervals. Along the radial direction of the elastic ring, the curved segments protrude outwards and enclose to form an elastic interval. The middle part of the curved segment forms a top position, which is exposed at the bottom of the recess. The clamping end is embedded in the recess and abuts against the top position. In construction step 4), when the outer shell of the steel cage is impacted during the process of lowering the steel cage into the trench, the clamping end of the radial shaft presses against the bending section and deforms elastically, the elastic interval opens and expands or closes and shrinks, and the elastic ring deforms elastically in sync.

8. The method for installing and constructing a lateral earth pressure gauge on the underground continuous wall of a deep vertical shaft in a hydraulic tunnel as described in claim 2, characterized in that... In construction step 3), the connecting plate has an outward end face facing the side wall of the groove and an inward end face facing the pneumatic pump. A central boss protrudes from the middle of the inward end face, and the piston shaft is inserted into the central boss and connected to the connecting plate. The lateral earth pressure gauge is plate-shaped and connected to the outer side; pressure gauge wires are connected to the outer periphery of the lateral earth pressure gauge.

9. The method for installing and constructing a lateral earth pressure gauge on the underground continuous wall of a deep vertical shaft in a hydraulic tunnel as described in claim 8, characterized in that... In construction step 3), the central boss is provided with a boss hole with an outer opening, a hemispherical positioning ball is protruding from the bottom of the boss hole, and multiple elastic constraint rings are provided on the inner sidewall of the boss hole. The multiple constraint rings are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the boss hole and the constraint rings are arranged around the circumference of the boss hole. The end of the piston shaft is recessed inward to form a hemispherical positioning groove. The piston shaft is movably inserted into the boss hole, the positioning ball is movably embedded in the positioning groove, and multiple constraint rings are sleeved on the outer periphery of the piston shaft. In construction step 4), during the process of the piston shaft driving the lateral earth pressure gauge to abut against the side wall of the trench, the piston shaft is automatically adjusted relative to the connecting plate so that the lateral earth pressure gauge is arranged in close contact with the side wall of the trench.

10. The method for installing and constructing a lateral earth pressure gauge on the underground continuous wall of a deep vertical shaft in a hydraulic tunnel as described in claim 9, characterized in that... In construction step 3), the inner wall of the positioning groove is covered with an elastic layer, which abuts against the positioning ball; in construction step 4), when the piston shaft automatically adjusts relative to the connecting plate, the elastic layer is compressed and deformed.

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