Movable lifting graded energy absorption type rockburst protective shed suitable for TBM and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering TBM construction safety protection, in particular to a movable lifting graded energy absorption type rockburst protective shed suitable for a TBM and a control method, and the movable lifting graded energy absorption type rockburst protective shed comprises an energy absorption assembly, a lifting assembly, a supporting assembly, a moving assembly and a driving assembly. High and low springs are arranged between upper and lower arc-shaped steel plates of the energy absorption assembly to form a graded energy absorption structure; the lifting assembly is composed of ten hydraulic oil cylinders. The supporting assembly comprises transverse I-shaped steel, vertical I-shaped steel supporting legs and connecting I-shaped steel. Walking wheels of the moving assembly are clamped in walking rails on the two sides of the TBM main beam. A pushing oil cylinder of the driving assembly drives the protective shed to move. The system is further provided with a PLC intelligent control system communicating with the TBM micro-seismic monitoring system, and the PLC intelligent control system can automatically receive rockburst risk data and control the protective shed to move, ascend and descend. According to the invention, integration of graded energy absorption, flexible adjustment and intelligent early warning is realized, and the safety protection capability of TBM construction is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of safety protection technology for TBM construction in tunnel engineering, and in particular to a movable, lifting, and graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed and control method suitable for TBMs. Background Technology

[0002] Rockbursts are a frequent and high-risk geological hazard during the construction of deep-buried tunnels using TBMs (tunnel boring machines). As my country's transportation and water conservancy projects extend deeper into the earth, the proportion of tunnels traversing high-stress zones has significantly increased, leading to a rise in the frequency and intensity of rockbursts. During a rockburst, rock fragments are ejected and collapse at high speed, potentially damaging critical TBM equipment and directly threatening the lives of construction workers. In severe cases, it can even cause prolonged work stoppages and substantial economic losses.

[0003] To mitigate the impact of rockbursts on TBM construction, existing projects typically employ protective canopies or supports to shield the area behind the cutterhead. Currently, common protective devices are mainly divided into two categories: fixed and easily adjustable. Fixed protective canopies are usually directly connected to the TBM main beam via bolts or welding. While simple in structure and easy to install, their position is relatively fixed and cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the progress of tunneling. As the TBM advances, the distance between the protected area and the tunnel face increases, significantly reducing the protective effect. Manual disassembly and relocation are required, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also disrupts construction continuity.

[0004] Another type of device uses adjustment mechanisms such as hydraulic cylinders to achieve limited adjustment of the protective height to adapt to changes in the cross-section. However, the energy-absorbing structure of this type of device often uses a single-layer steel plate or a single spring design, which has limited capacity to absorb rockburst impact energy. When encountering moderate to high intensity rockbursts, single energy-absorbing elements are prone to plastic deformation or failure, making it difficult to effectively buffer the impact load and posing a safety hazard.

[0005] Furthermore, existing protective devices are mostly in a passive protection mode, relying on structural strength to withstand the impact after a rockburst occurs. However, microseismic monitoring systems are now widely used in TBM construction, capable of detecting surrounding rock fracturing signals in real time and locating potential rockburst areas. Because existing devices lack information linkage with the monitoring system, they cannot proactively deploy protective resources to high-risk areas in advance, resulting in a delayed protective response and hindering the coordinated linkage between early warning and protection.

[0006] In summary, existing TBM rockburst protection devices still have significant shortcomings in terms of flexibility, energy absorption capacity, and intelligence, making it difficult to meet the dual requirements of efficient construction and precise protection under complex geological conditions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rockburst protection device that combines mobility, staged energy absorption, and intelligent control functions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a movable, liftable, graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed and control method suitable for TBMs in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0008] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A movable, liftable, graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection canopy suitable for TBMs includes an energy-absorbing component, a lifting component, a support component, a moving component, and a drive component;

[0010] The energy-absorbing component includes an upper arc-shaped steel plate and a lower arc-shaped steel plate. The upper arc-shaped steel plate is located directly above the lower arc-shaped steel plate. A number of high springs and a number of low springs are evenly installed between the upper arc-shaped steel plate and the lower arc-shaped steel plate. The high springs and the low springs are distributed at intervals to form a graded energy-absorbing structure.

[0011] The lifting assembly includes 10 hydraulic cylinders, which are divided into two groups of 5 each. The top of each hydraulic cylinder is welded and fixed to the lower surface of the lower arc-shaped steel plate, and the bottom of each hydraulic cylinder is connected to the support assembly.

[0012] The support assembly includes a horizontal I-beam, vertical I-beam legs, and connecting I-beams. The horizontal I-beam is horizontally positioned, and the bottom end of the hydraulic cylinder is welded and fixed to the upper surface of the horizontal I-beam. Several vertical I-beam legs are provided, all vertically connected to the lower surface of the horizontal I-beam and evenly distributed along the length of the horizontal I-beam. Connecting I-beams are welded between adjacent vertical I-beam legs. The connecting I-beams are horizontally positioned, and their two ends are welded and fixed to the inner sidewalls of the two adjacent vertical I-beam legs, respectively.

[0013] The moving component includes wheels and tracks. The wheels are connected to both ends of the lower surface of the transverse I-beam and the lower end of the outer wall of each vertical I-beam leg. There are two tracks, which are fixed to both sides of the TBM main beam. The wheels match the tracks and are engaged in the tracks, allowing them to roll along the tracks.

[0014] The drive assembly includes two push cylinders, which are respectively fixed on the left and right sides of the first vertical I-beam support leg located on the outermost side. The extension and retraction direction of the push cylinders is consistent with the length direction of the travel track, and is used to drive the entire protective shed to move back and forth along the travel track.

[0015] Preferably, the height of the high spring is 1.5-2 times the height of the low spring, and the elastic coefficients of the high spring and the low spring are the same.

[0016] Preferably, both the high spring and the low spring are made of high-strength alloy spring steel, and a flat base is provided between the upper arc-shaped steel plate and the lower arc-shaped steel plate at the spring mounting position to prevent the spring from shifting when compressed.

[0017] Preferably, both the upper and lower arc-shaped steel plates are made of high-strength wear-resistant steel plates with a thickness of 10-15mm, and the arc radius is adapted to the inner diameter of the TBM construction tunnel.

[0018] Preferably, the vertical I-beam support leg is detachably connected to the horizontal I-beam by high-strength bolts, and the spacing between adjacent vertical I-beam support legs is 800-1500mm.

[0019] Preferably, the traveling wheel is made of wear-resistant cast iron with anti-slip texture on the surface, the traveling track is made of square steel, and the contact surface between the traveling wheel and the traveling track is coated with grease.

[0020] Preferably, both the hydraulic cylinder and the push cylinder are equipped with independent hydraulic control systems, which can respectively realize precise control of lifting adjustment and movement drive.

[0021] Preferably, the system also includes an intelligent control system, which comprises a PLC controller, a position sensor, and a control module. The PLC controller is communicatively connected to the rockburst micro-vibration monitoring system in the TBM main control room to receive rockburst risk location information. The position sensor is an RFID reader / writer, and multiple RFID positioning tags are spaced apart on the walking track. An RFID reader / writer matching the positioning tags is provided on the side of the walking wheel to detect the current position of the protective shed in real time.

[0022] Preferably, the control module automatically calculates the movement path and lifting height based on the received rockburst risk location information and the real-time detected protective shed location information, and controls the movement of the push cylinder and hydraulic cylinder to realize the unmanned intelligent movement and lifting positioning of the protective shed.

[0023] In addition, the present invention also provides a control method for a movable, lifting, and tiered energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs, applied to the aforementioned movable, lifting, and tiered energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs, comprising the following steps:

[0024] Step S1: Receive rockburst risk location information in real time from the rockburst microseismic monitoring system in the TBM main control room through the intelligent control system;

[0025] Step S2: The current location information of the protective shed is obtained by reading the RFID positioning tags set at intervals on the walking track in real time through the RFID reader installed on the side of the walking wheels;

[0026] Step S3: The intelligent control system automatically calculates the direction, distance, and height adjustment required for the protective canopy to move based on the rockburst risk location information and the current location information of the protective canopy;

[0027] Step S4: Based on the calculation results, the control module sends a control command to the push cylinder of the drive component, pushes the cylinder to move, and drives the protective canopy to move along the travel track to the target risk area;

[0028] Step S5: After the protective canopy reaches the target position, the control module sends a control command to the hydraulic cylinder of the lifting component. The hydraulic cylinder extends and retracts synchronously, adjusting the energy-absorbing component to the preset optimal protection height.

[0029] Step S6: During the movement and lifting of the protective shed, the RFID reader feeds back the location information to the PLC controller in real time, forming a closed-loop control to ensure the accurate positioning of the protective shed;

[0030] Step S7: When the rockburst risk is eliminated or the TBM advances to the next section, repeat steps S1 to S6 to achieve intelligent dynamic tracking and adaptive adjustment of the protective canopy.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0032] 1. The invention employs a graded energy absorption structure with alternating high and low springs. When a rockburst occurs, the impact energy is first absorbed by the high springs. After the high springs are compressed to their limits, the low springs intervene, forming a stepped energy absorption mechanism. Compared with a single spring structure, this invention can absorb impact loads with a wider energy range, effectively reducing the risk of injury to personnel and equipment from peak impact forces.

[0033] 2. The lifting assembly consisting of 10 hydraulic cylinders can achieve stepless adjustment of the height of the protective canopy within a range of 500mm to adapt to different tunnel cross-section sizes; in conjunction with the moving assembly driven by the push cylinder, the protective canopy can move back and forth along the travel track, keeping pace with the TBM excavation progress, without the need for disassembly and assembly, greatly improving construction efficiency.

[0034] 3. The vertical I-beam legs and connecting I-beams in the support components form a frame structure, which significantly enhances the overall resistance to lateral impact; the interlocking design of the traveling wheels and the traveling track ensures smooth movement without derailment, and can maintain structural stability under rockburst impact and moving conditions, avoiding the risk of overturning.

[0035] 4. The overall structure is directly connected to the TBM main beam via the travel track, eliminating the need to modify the main structure of the TBM, making installation and disassembly convenient; key nodes are connected with high-strength bolts, facilitating on-site assembly and maintenance and reducing construction costs;

[0036] 5. The PLC-based intelligent control system communicates in real time with the TBM microseismic monitoring system, and can automatically receive rockburst risk location information; combined with RFID positioning technology, it can realize the precise movement and lifting positioning of the protective shed, without manual intervention throughout the process, and the response time is shortened to the second level, which significantly improves the timeliness of protection and personnel safety in high-risk areas. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a front view of a movable, liftable, graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs, as described in this invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a side view of a movable, liftable, graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs, as described in this invention.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the walking wheels of a movable, lifting, and graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs, as described in this invention.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting cylinder of a movable, lifting, graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs, as described in this invention.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting I-beams of a movable, lifting, and graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs, as described in this invention.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a front view of the walking track of a movable, lifting, graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs, as described in this invention.

[0044] Figure 7 This is a side view of the walking track of a movable, lifting, graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs, as described in this invention.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an intelligent control system for a movable, lifting, and graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs, as described in this invention.

[0046] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0047] 1. Upper arc-shaped steel plate; 2. Lower arc-shaped steel plate; 3. Hydraulic cylinder; 4. Horizontal I-beam; 5. High spring; 6. Low spring; 7. Vertical I-beam support leg; 9. Traveling track; 10. Flat base; 11. Traveling wheel; 12. High-strength bolt; 13. Push cylinder; 14. Connecting I-beam. Detailed Implementation

[0048] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0049] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood through the specific circumstances.

[0050] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0051] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a movable, lifting, and graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs, which mainly consists of an energy-absorbing component, a lifting component, a support component, a moving component, and a driving component.

[0052] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the energy-absorbing component includes an upper arc-shaped steel plate 1 and a lower arc-shaped steel plate 2, both made of Q690 high-strength wear-resistant steel plate with a thickness of 12mm. The arc radius is adapted to the tunnel cross-section (in this embodiment, the tunnel inner diameter is 10.23m), with a radius of 6m. High springs 5 ​​and low springs 6 are evenly installed between the upper arc-shaped steel plate 1 and the lower arc-shaped steel plate 2, with the high springs and low springs spaced apart. To prevent the springs from deviating under pressure, a flat base 10 is welded at the spring installation position.

[0053] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, the lifting assembly includes 10 HSG01-125 / 70 type hydraulic cylinders 3, 5 in each of the left and right groups, with a stroke of 500mm. See also Figure 4 The top end of the hydraulic cylinder 3 is connected to the lower surface of the lower arc-shaped steel plate 2, and the bottom end is connected to the upper surface of the transverse I-beam 4. The distance between adjacent hydraulic cylinders is 1200mm.

[0054] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 As shown, the support assembly includes a horizontal H-beam 4, vertical H-beam legs 7, and connecting H-beams 14; the horizontal H-beam 4 is an I40b type H-beam, the vertical H-beam legs 7 are I32a type H-beams, and the connecting H-beam 14 is an I20a type H-beam. Figure 2 As shown, there are 10 vertical I-beam legs 7, which are vertically connected to the lower surface of the horizontal I-beam 4 by high-strength bolts 12, and are evenly distributed along the length. Figure 5 As shown, a horizontal connecting I-beam 14 is welded between two adjacent vertical I-beam legs 7, and both ends are welded and fixed to the inner sidewall of the leg by fillet welds.

[0055] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 7 As shown, the moving component includes wheels 11 and tracks 9. Figure 3 As shown in the cross-sectional view, the traveling wheel 11 is made of QT600-3 wear-resistant cast iron, with a 2mm deep anti-slip texture on the surface. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, each end of the lower surface of the horizontal I-beam 4 and the lower end of the outer wall of each vertical I-beam leg 7 is connected to a traveling wheel 11 by an M20 high-strength bolt 12, for a total of 20 wheels. Figure 7 As shown in the side view, the traveling track 9 is made of square steel, and the two tracks are welded to both sides of the TBM main beam by submerged arc welding. Figure 1 As shown, the traveling wheel 11 is engaged in the traveling track 9, and the contact surface is coated with lithium-based grease.

[0056] like Figure 1, Figure 2 As shown, the drive assembly includes two HSG01-80 / 50 type hydraulic cylinders 13. The two hydraulic cylinders are welded to the left and right sides of the outermost first vertical I-beam support leg 7 via CO2 gas shielded welding, with the welding position 500mm from the lower end of the support leg. The extension and retraction direction of the hydraulic cylinders 13 is consistent with the length direction of the traveling track 9.

[0057] like Figure 8 As shown, the intelligent control system uses a Siemens S7-1200 series PLC as the main controller and communicates with the rockburst microseismic monitoring system in the TBM main control room via an Ethernet interface. Combined with... Figure 1 , Figure 8 As shown, an RFID positioning tag is installed every 5 meters on the walking track 9, and an RFID reader is installed on the side of the walking wheel 11 to obtain the location information of the protective shed in real time.

[0058] The working process of the protective shed is as follows:

[0059] Lifting and lowering adjustment process:

[0060] When the height of the protective canopy needs to be adjusted, the hydraulic control system is activated to control the synchronous extension and retraction of 10 hydraulic cylinders. For example... Figure 4 As shown, when it needs to be raised, the hydraulic system supplies oil to the rodless chamber of the cylinder, the piston rod extends, and drives the lower arc-shaped steel plate 2 and the upper arc-shaped steel plate 1 to rise; when it needs to be lowered, oil is supplied to the rod chamber, the piston rod retracts, and drives the upper and lower arc-shaped steel plates to fall.

[0061] The process of adjustment:

[0062] When the protective canopy needs to be moved, the hydraulic control system of the drive assembly is activated to control the two push cylinders 13 to extend and retract synchronously. For example... Figure 1 As shown, when forward movement is required, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder extends, pushing the first vertical I-beam support leg 7 forward, causing the entire protective canopy to roll forward along the track 9 via the traveling wheels 11; when backward movement is required, the piston rod retracts, pulling the protective canopy backward. (Combined with...) Figure 7 As shown, the traveling wheel 11 rolls within the traveling track 9, with the moving speed controlled at 0.3-0.8 m / min.

[0063] Intelligent positioning process:

[0064] like Figure 8 As shown, when the microseismic monitoring system detects a rockburst risk in a section of the tunnel surrounding rock, the PLC controller receives the coordinates of the risk location. Combined with... Figure 1As shown, the current position of the protective canopy is obtained by reading the positioning tag on the track through the RFID reader on the side of the walking wheels. The PLC automatically calculates the moving distance and direction, controls the push cylinder 13 to move the protective canopy to the target area, and automatically adjusts the lifting of the hydraulic cylinder 3 according to the tunnel cross-section height in that area to keep the protective canopy at the optimal protection height.

[0065] Rockburst protection process:

[0066] When a rockburst occurs, such as Figure 1 As shown, the high-speed ejected rock block first impacts the upper arc-shaped steel plate 1, which then compresses the high-pressure spring 5 downwards under the force. Combined with... Figure 5 As shown, the high spring is compressed on the flat base 10, absorbing most of the impact energy through elastic deformation. If the impact energy is large, after the high spring is compressed to the same height as the low spring, the upper arc-shaped steel plate continues to move downward and compress the low spring 6, which further absorbs the remaining impact energy. Figure 2 As shown, the arc structure of the upper and lower arc steel plates disperses some of the impact force to both sides, and the connecting I-beam 14 in the support assembly enhances the stability of the vertical I-beam support leg 7, preventing the protective canopy from tilting, and ultimately achieving effective protection against rockbursts.

[0067] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A movable, liftable, graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs, characterized in that, It includes energy absorption components, lifting components, support components, moving components, and drive components; The energy-absorbing component includes an upper arc-shaped steel plate (1) and a lower arc-shaped steel plate (2). The upper arc-shaped steel plate (1) is located directly above the lower arc-shaped steel plate (2). A number of high springs (5) and a number of low springs (6) are evenly installed between the upper arc-shaped steel plate (1) and the lower arc-shaped steel plate (2). The high springs (5) and the low springs (6) are distributed at intervals to form a graded energy-absorbing structure. The lifting assembly includes multiple hydraulic cylinders (3), which are installed in two groups, left and right. The top of the hydraulic cylinder (3) is connected to the lower surface of the lower arc-shaped steel plate (2), and the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder (3) is connected to the support assembly. The support assembly includes a horizontal I-beam (4), vertical I-beam legs (7), and a connecting I-beam (14). The bottom end of the hydraulic cylinder (3) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the horizontal I-beam (4). The vertical I-beam legs (7) are provided with several of them, all of which are vertically connected to the horizontal I-beam (4). The connecting I-beam (14) is welded between two adjacent vertical I-beam legs (7). The connecting I-beam (14) is horizontally arranged, and its two ends are respectively welded and fixed to the inner sidewalls of the two adjacent vertical I-beam legs (7). The moving component includes a traveling wheel (11) and a traveling track (9). The traveling wheel (11) is mounted on the support component. The traveling track (9) is located on both sides of the TBM main beam. The traveling wheel (11) matches the traveling track (9) and is engaged in the traveling track (9), and can roll along the traveling track (9). The drive assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder (13) for driving the entire protective canopy to move back and forth along the travel track (9).

2. The movable, lifting, and graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the high spring (5) is 1.5-2 times the height of the low spring (6), and the high spring (5) and the low spring (6) have the same elastic coefficient.

3. The movable, lifting, and graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the high spring (5) and the low spring (6) are made of high-strength alloy spring steel, and a flat base (10) is provided at the spring mounting position between the upper arc-shaped steel plate (1) and the lower arc-shaped steel plate (2) to prevent the spring from shifting when compressed.

4. The movable, lifting, and graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the upper arc-shaped steel plate (1) and the lower arc-shaped steel plate (2) are made of high-strength wear-resistant steel plate with a thickness of 10-15mm, and the arc radius is adapted to the inner diameter of the TBM construction tunnel.

5. The movable, lifting, graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical I-beam support leg (7) is detachably connected to the horizontal I-beam (4) by high-strength bolts (12), and the spacing between adjacent vertical I-beam support legs (7) is 800-1500mm.

6. The movable, lifting, and graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The walking wheel (11) is made of wear-resistant cast iron and has anti-slip texture on its surface. The walking track (9) is made of square steel and is coated with grease on the contact surface between the walking wheel (11) and the walking track (9).

7. The movable, lifting, and graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the hydraulic cylinder (3) and the push cylinder (13) are equipped with independent hydraulic control systems, which can respectively realize precise control of lifting adjustment and movement drive.

8. The movable, lifting, and graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an intelligent control system, which includes a PLC controller, a position sensor, and a control module; The PLC controller is communicatively connected to the rockburst microseismic monitoring system in the TBM main control room and is used to receive rockburst risk location information; The position sensor is an RFID reader / writer. Multiple RFID positioning tags are spaced apart on the walking track (9). An RFID reader / writer matching the positioning tags is provided on the side of the walking wheel (11) for real-time detection of the current position of the protective shed.

9. The movable, lifting, and graded energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs according to claim 8, characterized in that, The control module automatically calculates the movement path and lifting height based on the received rockburst risk location information and the real-time detected protective shed location information, and controls the movement of the push cylinder (13) and hydraulic cylinder (3) to realize the unmanned intelligent movement and lifting positioning of the protective shed.

10. A control method for a movable, lifting, and tiered energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed suitable for TBMs, applied to the movable, lifting, and tiered energy-absorbing rockburst protection shed for TBMs as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step S1: Receive rockburst risk location information in real time from the rockburst microseismic monitoring system in the TBM main control room through the intelligent control system; Step S2: The current location information of the protective shed is obtained by reading the RFID positioning tags set at intervals on the walking track (9) in real time through the RFID reader installed on the side of the walking wheel (11); Step S3: The intelligent control system automatically calculates the direction, distance, and height adjustment required for the protective canopy to move based on the rockburst risk location information and the current location information of the protective canopy; Step S4: Based on the calculation results, the control module sends a control command to the push cylinder (13) of the drive component, pushes the cylinder (13) to move, and drives the protective canopy to move along the walking track (9) to the target risk area; Step S5: After the protective canopy reaches the target position, the control module sends a control command to the hydraulic cylinder (3) of the lifting component. The hydraulic cylinder (3) extends and retracts synchronously, adjusting the energy absorption component to the preset optimal protection height. Step S6: During the movement and lifting of the protective shed, the RFID reader feeds back the location information to the PLC controller in real time, forming a closed-loop control to ensure the accurate positioning of the protective shed; Step S7: When the rockburst risk is eliminated or the TBM advances to the next section, repeat steps S1 to S6 to achieve intelligent dynamic tracking and adaptive adjustment of the protective canopy.

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