Gear clearance efficient detection equipment and method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of detection machinery, and discloses a gear clearance efficient detection device and method, and the device comprises a detection table, a controller, a limiting sliding table which can move horizontally, a first detection mechanism and a second detection mechanism. The first detection mechanism rotates through meshing of a standard gear and a to-be-detected gear, a backlash image is formed through light source projection, and rapid judgment of backlash and instant physical marking of unqualified teeth are achieved in combination with an auxiliary marking module or an image recognition unit. And the second detection mechanism executes on-off detection of the axial clearance through a detection head capable of moving vertically. Through cooperation of the first detection mechanism and the second detection mechanism and cooperation of optical projection, mechanical trigger marking and axial stuffing detection, automatic and efficient comprehensive detection of the gear backlash and the axial clearance is achieved, the detection precision, consistency and sorting efficiency are remarkably improved, and the gear backlash and axial clearance detection efficiency is improved. The problems that traditional manual detection is low in efficiency and prone to errors are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of testing machinery, and specifically to a high-efficiency gear backlash testing device and method. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component in power transmission, the meshing clearance of gears is a key parameter affecting transmission accuracy, smoothness, and lifespan. Accurate measurement of backlash—the gap between teeth and the axial clearance—is a crucial aspect of gear manufacturing quality control.

[0003] Currently, common methods for detecting gear backlash mainly rely on manual operation. For backlash detection, manual measurement with feeler gauges or dial indicator readings are commonly used. These methods are not only inefficient and labor-intensive, but the results are also significantly affected by the operator's experience and technique, resulting in poor repeatability and difficulty in achieving quantitative and consistent accurate judgments. For axial clearance, judgment is often made by feel or using simple go / no-go gauges, which also suffer from strong subjectivity and insufficient accuracy. Existing automated inspection equipment, such as various sensors, can only detect a single parameter, or has a complex structure and high cost. Furthermore, it generally lacks the ability to identify non-conforming products in situ and immediately, leading to the need for manual intervention in subsequent sorting. This fails to meet the urgent needs of modern production lines for high-efficiency, high-precision, and fully automated inspection and sorting. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency gear backlash detection device and method to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A high-efficiency gear backlash detection device includes: a detection table and a controller. A track is provided on the detection table, and a limiting slide is mounted on the track via a ball screw assembly. The ball screw assembly is connected to a servo motor mounted on the detection table. The limiting slide can move horizontally along the track to a set detection position. A limiting fixture is provided on the limiting slide to support and limit the gear to be detected. A first detection mechanism is also provided on the side opposite to the limiting slide, which is used to detect the gear clearance in the horizontal direction; The testing platform is also equipped with a support frame, and a second testing mechanism is set at one end of the support frame corresponding to the movement path of the limiting fixture. The second testing mechanism is used to test the longitudinal gear clearance.

[0006] Furthermore, the first testing mechanism includes a support frame, which is fixedly mounted on the testing table. A standard gear is rotatably connected to the middle of the support frame, which can mesh with the gear to be tested. A drive motor is provided at the bottom of the support frame, which is used to drive the standard gear to rotate. The testing platform is also equipped with a projection board, which is located directly below the meshing of the marking gear and the gear to be tested. The projection board is used to receive the light passing through the meshing gap and form a projected image.

[0007] Furthermore, the second detection mechanism includes an electric lifting column, which is fixedly mounted on a support frame. A movable seat is detachably fixed to the lifting end of the electric lifting column. A light source module is installed at the bottom of the movable seat, and the light source module faces the projection board. A support rod is installed on one side of the movable seat, and a limit groove is opened at the bottom end of the support rod. A detection head is slidably connected in the limit groove. A damping spring is installed between the detection head and the top wall of the limit groove. The detection head is used to perform a vertical insertion action to detect the gap of the gear shaft hole. A force sensor is installed at the end of the damping spring to detect the pressure change during the vertical insertion action.

[0008] Furthermore, the second inspection mechanism also includes an auxiliary marking module, which is used to physically mark the tooth gap when a current tooth gap is detected to be unqualified; the light source module is an infrared heating light source.

[0009] The auxiliary marking module includes a preset template, an actuation spring, and an impact marking head; The preset template is set between the limiting slide and the projection plate. The preset template is fixed in the groove opened on the detection table by an electric telescopic bracket. It can move in and out of the corresponding gear tooth gap position as needed to avoid affecting the normal use of the projection plate. The preset template has a standard light-transmitting groove whose shape and position are completely corresponding to the qualified tooth gap projection. A heat-conducting barrier is fixedly installed on the preset template at the edge of the standard light-transmitting groove. The heat-conducting barrier is in contact with the actuation spring. The actuation spring is made of shape memory alloy material. The actuation spring is at its first length at room temperature. When the actuation spring is heated to the set phase change temperature after being conducted by the heat-conducting enclosure, it will shrink in length and change to its second length. The impact marking head is connected to the moving end of the actuation spring via a rigid connecting rod, and the middle part of the rigid connecting rod is hinged to the top of the preset template via a connector.

[0010] When the gear backlash is within acceptable limits, light and heat pass through the standard light-transmitting groove; when the backlash is too large and unacceptable, the heat-conducting barrier is within the irradiation range of the light and heat; the heat-conducting barrier conducts heat, causing the actuation spring to contract after being heated, and drives the impact marking head to move upward through the rigid connecting rod, impacting the corresponding position on the gear rim to form a physical color mark; after the gear continues to rotate, the actuation spring cools and resets as the irradiation stops.

[0011] Furthermore, the second detection mechanism also includes an image recognition unit, which includes a vision sensor and an image processor. The vision sensor is positioned above or to the side of the projection plate and is used to acquire the projection image of the tooth gaps on the projection plate. The image processor is electrically connected to the vision sensor and is used to calculate the projection area corresponding to each tooth gap, compare the projection area with a preset qualified threshold range, and mark abnormal tooth gaps that exceed the qualified threshold range and feed them back to the controller.

[0012] A method for efficient detection of gear backlash, comprising the following steps: S1: Clamp the gear to be tested onto the limit fixture, and control the servo motor to drive the limit slide to move horizontally along the track until the gear to be tested reaches the set testing position; S2: Start the drive motor of the first detection mechanism to drive the standard gear to mesh with the gear to be tested and rotate at a constant speed for at least one revolution; during this process, the light emitted by the light source module passes through the gap between the teeth and forms a projection on the projection plate; S3: Backlash compliance judgment and marking. Based on preset settings, select to proceed to S3a or S3b. S3a: Judgment and marking are performed through the auxiliary marking module: When any tooth gap is too large, the light and heat are blocked by the preset template and the actuation spring is heated, triggering the impact marking head to form a physical mark at the corresponding position of the gear to be detected. S3b: Judgment is made by the image recognition unit: the visual sensor acquires the projected image, and the image processor calculates the projected area of ​​each tooth gap, compares it with the preset threshold range, and identifies abnormal tooth gaps; If the physical marker has been triggered or the image analysis result is unqualified in step S3, the gear is determined to be unqualified; otherwise, proceed to step S4. S4: Start the second detection mechanism; control the electric lifting column to descend, so that the detection head performs a vertical insertion action, and at the same time monitor the pressure through the force sensor to determine whether the axial clearance is qualified; S5: Based on the judgment result of step S4, the gear is transported to the corresponding qualified or unqualified product area.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention utilizes the coordinated operation of optical projection for measuring lateral clearance in the first detection mechanism and mechanical insertion for measuring axial clearance in the second detection mechanism. This allows for the automatic detection of two key gear clearance parameters after a single clamping and positioning, replacing the traditional multi-process, multi-person work mode and improving detection efficiency. Simultaneously, through an auxiliary marking module, utilizing an infrared light source, a preset template, and a shape memory alloy actuation spring, a physical mark is automatically formed at the corresponding position on the gear rim when a gear backlash exceeds tolerance. This triggering marking method is rapid, reliable, and provides intuitive marking, offering clear and tamper-proof identification for subsequent automatic sorting or manual re-inspection, further enhancing the reliability of quality traceability and process control. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A structural diagram from another perspective; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A structural diagram from another perspective; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the support rod and the detection head.

[0016] Attached diagram descriptions: 1. Inspection table; 2. Limiting slide; 3. Limiting fixture; 4. First testing mechanism; 41. Support frame; 42. Standard gear; 43. Drive motor; 44. Projection board; 5. Support frame; 6. Second inspection mechanism; 61. Electric lifting column; 62. Moving seat; 63. Light source module; 64. Support rod; 65. Damping spring; 66. Inspection head; 67. Auxiliary marking module; 671. Preset template; 672. Actuation spring; 673. Impact marking head; 674. Standard light transmission groove; 675. Rigid connecting rod; 676. Heat-conducting enclosure; 7. Gear to be tested; 8. Electric telescopic bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] This invention relates to a high-efficiency gear backlash detection device. Example 1: Please see Figures 1-2 As shown, the system includes: a testing table 1 and a controller. A track is provided on the testing table 1, and a limiting slide 2 is mounted on the track via a ball screw assembly. The ball screw assembly is connected to a servo motor mounted on the testing table 1. The specific installation and connection method of the ball screw assembly is mature existing technology, so it will not be elaborated here. The only requirement here is that it enables the limiting slide 2 to move horizontally along the track to the set testing position. A limiting fixture 3 is provided on the limiting slide 2. The limiting fixture is used to support and limit the gear 7 to be tested. The limiting fixture 3 is existing technology and is only provided as an example here. The limiting fixture 3 includes a positioning shaft. The positioning shaft is rotatably connected to the gear 7 to be tested. The positioning shaft is fixed on a rectangular slider, which is slidably disposed in a displacement groove opened on the top of the limiting slide table 2. The rectangular slider is sleeved on a lead screw, which is rotatably connected in the displacement groove, with one end extending out of the displacement groove and connected to an adjusting handwheel. By adjusting the handwheel, the positioning shaft and the gear 7 to be tested can be moved through the above transmission structure. It should be noted that the height of the positioning shaft is less than half the thickness of the gear 7 to be tested, so that the detection head 66 of the subsequent second detection mechanism 6 has sufficient detection space. The gear 7 to be tested, which is sleeved on the positioning shaft, is in a limited and freely rotatable state. A first detection mechanism 4 is also provided on the side opposite to the limiting slide 2. The first detection mechanism 4 is used to detect the gear clearance in the horizontal direction. The testing table 1 is also equipped with a support frame 5. A second testing mechanism 6 is provided at one end of the movement path of the limiting fixture 3 corresponding to the support frame 5. The second testing mechanism 6 is used to test the longitudinal gear clearance.

[0019] The first testing mechanism 4 includes a support frame 41, which is fixedly mounted on the testing table 1. A standard gear 42 is rotatably connected to the middle of the support frame 41. The standard gear 42 can mesh with the gear to be tested. A drive motor 43 is provided at the bottom of the support frame 41. The drive motor 43 is used to drive the standard gear 42 to rotate. The testing platform 1 is also equipped with a projection plate 44, which is located directly below the meshing of the marking gear and the gear 7 to be tested. The projection plate 44 is used to receive the light passing through the meshing gap and form a projected image.

[0020] The second detection mechanism 6 also includes an image recognition unit, which comprises a vision sensor and an image processor. The vision sensor is positioned above or to the side of the projection plate 44 to acquire the tooth gap projection image on the projection plate 44. The image processor is electrically connected to the vision sensor and is used to calculate the projection area corresponding to each tooth gap, compare the projection area with a preset acceptable threshold range, and mark abnormal tooth gaps that exceed the acceptable threshold range and feed them back to the controller. During the gear rotation projection process, the vision sensor acquires the tooth gap projection image on the projection plate 44 in real time; the image processor analyzes the acquired image and accurately calculates the pixel area of ​​the projection region corresponding to each tooth gap; then, each calculated value is automatically compared with the preset acceptable threshold range. If the projection area of ​​a tooth gap exceeds the threshold range, usually being too large, it is identified as an abnormal tooth gap, its location information is marked and fed back to the controller for overall acceptance determination and data recording. This solution achieves full digitalization and high-precision quantification of backlash detection. Compared with mechanical triggering marks, this invention can provide specific dimensional data for each tooth gap, facilitating statistical analysis, process improvement, and quality traceability. The pass threshold can be flexibly adjusted by software to adapt to the needs of gears of different specifications. The image recognition unit and the auxiliary marking module 67 can form a complementary or alternative solution, enhancing the adaptability of the equipment and the diversity of detection methods.

[0021] In this embodiment, the gear to be tested is loaded manually or by a robotic arm into a limiting fixture 3 on the limiting slide 2. The limiting fixture 3 provides radial constraint and axial positioning, achieved through an adjustable positioning shaft, ensuring that the gear shaft hole axis is aligned with the reference of the subsequent testing mechanism. After positioning, the controller sends a command to the servo motor, causing it to rotate. Its output torque is transmitted to the ball screw assembly via a coupling. The ball screw assembly precisely converts the servo motor's rotational motion into the linear motion of the ball nut and the limiting slide 2 fixed to it. Due to the high precision, low friction, and pre-tightening properties of the ball screw assembly, the limiting slide 2 can move smoothly and accurately horizontally along the precision-machined track on the testing table 1. The target position is a preset testing station, determined by the position control program in the controller. When the limiting slide 2 carrying the gear to be tested reaches the testing station, the servo motor stops and locks, completing the initial precise positioning.

[0022] At this time, the first detection mechanism 4, located on one side of the travel direction of the limiting slide 2, is activated to begin detecting gear backlash, i.e., the gap between teeth in the horizontal direction. This mechanism operates independently of the slide movement. After the backlash detection process is completed, the support frame 5 is fixed on the detection table 1, its position corresponding to the detection station of the limiting fixture 3. The second detection mechanism 6, mounted on the support frame 5, then activates to perform axial backlash detection on the positioned gear, i.e., the longitudinal fit clearance between the gear shaft hole and the ideal shaft.

[0023] Specifically, in the first detection mechanism 4, the drive motor 43 on the support frame 41 drives the standard gear 42 to rotate. The standard gear 42 meshes with the positioned gear under test, causing the gear under test to rotate synchronously at least one revolution. During the rotation, the light emitted by the light source module 63 passes through the gap (side gap) formed between the meshing tooth profiles of the standard gear 42 and the gear under test, and is projected downwards onto the projection plate 44 directly below, thus forming a projection image directly related to the size and shape of the tooth gap. The area of ​​the bright spot or light band in the projection is proportional to the size of the tooth gap. This provides a non-contact optical detection method for side gaps. By converting the physical gap between the teeth into a visualized projection image, it provides a direct basis for subsequent quantitative judgment, avoiding scratches or misjudgments that may be caused by traditional feeler gauge contact measurement. Furthermore, the uniform rotation of the gear enables rapid scanning of the entire tooth gap, resulting in high detection efficiency and objective results.

[0024] Please see Figure 3 As shown, the second detection mechanism 6 includes an electric lifting column 61, which is fixedly mounted on the support frame 5. A movable seat 62 is detachably fixed to the lifting end of the electric lifting column 61. A light source module 63 is provided at the bottom of the movable seat 62, and the light source module 63 is directly opposite the projection plate 44. A support rod 64 is provided on one side of the movable seat 62. A limit groove is opened at the bottom end of the support rod 64. A detection head 66 is slidably connected in the limit groove. A damping spring 65 is provided between the detection head 66 and the top wall of the limit groove. The detection head 66 is used to perform a vertical insertion action to detect the gap of the gear shaft hole. A force sensor is provided at the end of the damping spring 65 to detect the pressure change during the vertical insertion action.

[0025] During axial clearance detection, the second detection mechanism 6 uses a controller to lower the electric lifting column 61, causing the moving seat 62 and its detection head 66 to move vertically downwards. The detection head 66 is designed as a go / no-go gauge of a specific diameter, with its top elastically connected to the moving seat 62 via a damping spring 65. When the detection head 66 attempts to enter the shaft hole of the gear under test, if the axial clearance is acceptable (i.e., the hole diameter is appropriate), the detection head 66 can pass smoothly or encounter slight resistance, and the compression of the damping spring 65 and the pressure monitored by the force sensor are within the set threshold. If the clearance is unacceptable (i.e., the hole diameter is too small), the detection head 66 will be obstructed, causing the damping spring 65 to be significantly compressed, and the pressure detected by the force sensor to increase sharply and exceed the threshold. This solution achieves automated and quantitative go / no-go detection of axial clearance. By combining the mechanical insertion action with a high-precision force sensor, subjective tactile judgment is transformed into objective electrical signal threshold judgment, resulting in high detection accuracy and consistency. The buffering effect of the damping spring 65 protects the detection head 66 and the gear from rigid impact damage.

[0026] Example 2: Please see Figures 3-4As shown, the second detection mechanism 6 also includes an auxiliary marking module 67, which is used to physically mark the tooth gap when the current tooth gap is detected to be unqualified; the light source module 63 is an infrared heating light source.

[0027] The auxiliary marking module 67 includes a preset template 671, an actuation spring 672, and an impact marking head 673; A preset template 671 is set between the limiting slide 2 and the projection plate 44. The preset template 671 is fixed in a groove on the detection table 1 by an electric telescopic bracket 8, and can move in and out of the corresponding gear backlash position as needed to avoid affecting the normal use of the projection plate 44. A standard light-transmitting groove 674 with a shape and position that completely corresponds to the qualified gear backlash projection is provided on the preset template 671. A heat-conducting barrier 676 is fixedly set at the edge of the standard light-transmitting groove 674 on the preset template 671. The heat-conducting barrier 676 is in contact with the actuation spring 672. The actuation spring 672 is made of shape memory alloy material. The actuation spring 672 is at its first length at room temperature. When the actuation spring 672 is heated to the set phase change temperature after being heated by the heat-conducting enclosure 676, it will shrink in length and change to its second length. The impact marking head 673 is connected to the moving end of the actuation spring 672 via a rigid connecting rod 675. The middle part of the rigid connecting rod 675 is hinged to the connector via a torsion spring. The bottom of the connector is fixed to the top of the preset template 671.

[0028] When the gear backlash is within acceptable limits, light and heat pass through the standard light-transmitting groove 674; when the backlash is too large and unacceptable, the heat-conducting barrier 676 is within the irradiation range of the light and heat; the heat-conducting barrier 676 conducts heat, causing the actuation spring 672 to contract after being heated, and drives the impact marking head 673 to move upward through the rigid connecting rod 675, impacting the corresponding position on the gear rim to form a physical color mark; after the gear continues to rotate, the actuation spring 672 cools and resets as the irradiation stops.

[0029] In this embodiment, outputting only an electrical signal indicating whether a gear is qualified or not has significant limitations in the automated gear inspection process. This is especially true for tooth flank clearance, which requires full-circumference inspection. An overall unqualified conclusion cannot pinpoint the specific defective tooth location, leading to low efficiency in subsequent sorting or process analysis, and even requiring a second full inspection. To solve this location traceability problem, this solution includes an auxiliary marking module 67. Its fundamental purpose is to simultaneously apply an intuitive and permanent physical mark at the precise physical location of the defect when optical detection identifies the unqualified tooth clearance. This transforms the abstract quality signal into visual coordinates on the workpiece, providing an indisputable basis for automated sorting and precise quality traceability. Specifically, it includes a retractable preset template 671, which is installed in the groove of the inspection table 1 via an electrically telescopic bracket 8, allowing it to move into or out of the working position as needed according to the inspection mode. The template has a precision-machined standard light-transmitting groove 674, whose outline and position perfectly match the projected light spot of the qualified tooth clearance, forming a mechanical reference for optical judgment. In the area adjacent to the edge of each light-transmitting slot, where excessive gaps are expected to cause light deflection, a thermally conductive barrier 676 made of a highly thermally conductive material is fixedly installed. Connected to this barrier in critical contact is an actuation spring 672 made of shape memory alloy. This material possesses unique thermo-induced phase change characteristics; at room temperature, it can be held in a stretched state (first length), and when heated to a specific phase change temperature, it will forcefully contract to restore its memory short shape (second length). Finally, a rigid linkage 675 mechanism is hinged in the middle to the top of the template, one end connected to the moving end of the actuation spring 672, and the other end driving the impact marking head 673. This forms a lever amplification system that converts minute thermal contraction into an effective impact action. The light path deflection signal is converted into a localized temperature rise through the thermally conductive barrier 676, and then into mechanical displacement through the phase change of the shape memory alloy, ultimately driving the impact marking head 673 to complete the marking.

[0030] Specifically, when the gear rotates for optical projection detection, if the current tooth gap is acceptable, the infrared beam passes completely through the standard light-transmitting groove 674 on the preset template 671 and reaches the projection plate 44 below. The heat-conducting barrier 676 is not irradiated and remains in a static standby state. Once a tooth gap fails due to excessive machining error, the beam passing through that gap is deflected, and part or all of its energy directly irradiates the surface of the heat-conducting barrier 676 on the preset template 671. The heat-conducting barrier 676 quickly absorbs the infrared light energy and converts it into heat energy, causing the temperature to rise sharply. Because the heat-conducting barrier 676 maintains a tight contact connection with the shape memory alloy actuating spring 672, the heat is efficiently conducted to the spring body. When the spring temperature reaches the austenitic phase transformation initiation point of its material, the internal crystal structure changes, generating strong recovery stress, causing it to rapidly and forcefully contract from the pre-stretched first length to the second length. This contraction motion directly pulls one end of the rigidly connected connecting rod. Since the middle of the connecting rod is hinged to a fixed point, according to the lever principle, the impact marking head 673 at the other end of the connecting rod immediately gains an upward acceleration and, with sufficient kinetic energy, precisely strikes the specific position of the gear rim corresponding to the defective tooth gap, which is currently rotating directly downwards, forming a clearly identifiable color mark. After the impact, the gear continues to rotate under the drive, and the tooth displacement moves out of the light path, immediately stopping the irradiation of the heat-conducting enclosure 676. The enclosure and the actuating spring 672 dissipate heat to the environment through thermal radiation and convection, and the temperature gradually decreases. When the spring temperature cools below the phase transformation point, the material reverts to the martensitic phase, the mechanical properties soften, and the memory recovery force disappears. At this time, under the reset action of the torsion spring, the actuating spring 672 is slowly pulled back to its initial tensile length, and the impact marking head 673 also returns to the standby position. The entire mechanism automatically resets, ready to respond to the next possible defective tooth gap. On the one hand, it achieves real-time, in-situ, and precise addressing of defect locations, with physical markers strictly corresponding to defective tooth positions, solving the core challenges of tracing and efficiently sorting non-conforming products. On the other hand, the entire triggering and execution mechanism operates completely autonomously, without relying on external electronic sensors, controller decisions, or additional power sources, exhibiting anti-interference capabilities, reliability, and environmental adaptability. Furthermore, its fast response speed seamlessly synchronizes with the detection rhythm; the marking action itself does not affect the continuous rotation of the gears or subsequent detection, and the module's retractable design ensures compatibility and flexibility with digital detection modes such as image recognition.

[0031] A method for efficient detection of gear backlash, comprising the following steps: S1: Clamp the gear 7 to be tested on the limit fixture 3, and control the servo motor to drive the limit slide 2 to move horizontally along the track until the gear 7 to be tested reaches the set testing position. S2: Start the drive motor 43 of the first detection mechanism 4 to drive the standard gear 42 to mesh with the gear 7 to be tested and rotate at a constant speed for at least one revolution; during this process, the light emitted by the light source module 63 passes through the gap between the teeth and forms a projection on the projection plate 44. S3: Backlash compliance judgment and marking. Based on preset settings, select to proceed to S3a or S3b. S3a: Judgment and marking are performed by auxiliary marking module 67: When any tooth gap is too large, the light and heat are blocked by the preset template 671 and the actuation spring 672 is heated, triggering the impact marking head 673 to form a physical mark at the corresponding position of the gear 7 to be detected. S3b: Judgment is made by the image recognition unit: the visual sensor acquires the projected image, and the image processor calculates the projected area of ​​each tooth gap, compares it with the preset threshold range, and identifies abnormal tooth gaps; If the physical marker has been triggered or the image analysis result is unqualified in step S3, the gear is determined to be unqualified; otherwise, proceed to step S4. S4: Start the second detection mechanism 6; control the electric lifting column 61 to descend, so that the detection head 66 performs a vertical insertion action, and at the same time monitor the pressure through the force sensor to determine whether the axial clearance is qualified. S5: Based on the judgment result of step S4, the gear is transported to the corresponding qualified or unqualified product area.

[0032] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, but this description is merely a preferred embodiment and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should still fall within the patent coverage of this invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency gear backlash detection device, comprising: The system comprises a testing platform and a controller. A track is mounted on the testing platform, and a limiting slide is mounted on the track via a ball screw assembly. The ball screw assembly is connected to a servo motor mounted on the testing platform. The limiting slide can move horizontally along the track to a designated testing position. A limiting fixture is provided on the limiting slide to support and limit the gear to be tested. The system is characterized by: A first detection mechanism is also provided on the side opposite to the limiting slide, which is used to detect the gear clearance in the horizontal direction; The testing platform is also equipped with a support frame, and a second testing mechanism is set at one end of the support frame corresponding to the movement path of the limiting fixture. The second testing mechanism is used to test the longitudinal gear clearance.

2. The high-efficiency gear backlash detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first testing mechanism includes a support frame, which is fixedly mounted on the testing table. A standard gear is rotatably connected to the middle of the support frame, which can mesh with the gear to be tested. A drive motor is installed at the bottom of the support frame, which is used to drive the standard gear to rotate. The testing platform is also equipped with a projection board, which is located directly below the meshing of the marking gear and the gear to be tested. The projection board is used to receive the light passing through the meshing gap and form a projected image.

3. The high-efficiency gear backlash detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second testing mechanism includes an electric lifting column, which is fixedly mounted on a support frame. A movable seat is detachably fixed to the lifting end of the electric lifting column. A light source module is installed at the bottom of the movable seat, and the light source module faces the projection board. A support rod is installed on one side of the movable seat, and a limit groove is opened at the bottom end of the support rod. A detection head is slidably connected in the limit groove. A damping spring is installed between the detection head and the top wall of the limit groove. The detection head is used to perform a vertical insertion action to detect the gap of the gear shaft hole. A force sensor is installed at the end of the damping spring to detect the pressure change during the vertical insertion action.

4. The high-efficiency gear backlash detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second inspection mechanism also includes an auxiliary marking module, which is used to physically mark the tooth gap when the current tooth gap is detected to be unqualified; the light source module is an infrared heating light source.

5. The high-efficiency gear backlash detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The auxiliary marking module includes a preset template, an actuation spring, and an impact marking head; The preset template is set between the limiting slide and the projection plate. The preset template is fixed in the groove opened on the detection table by an electric telescopic bracket. It can move in and out of the corresponding gear tooth gap position as needed to avoid affecting the normal use of the projection plate. The preset template has a standard light-transmitting groove whose shape and position are completely corresponding to the qualified tooth gap projection. A heat-conducting barrier is fixedly installed on the preset template at the edge of the standard light-transmitting groove. The heat-conducting barrier is in contact with the actuation spring. The actuation spring is made of shape memory alloy material. The actuation spring is at its first length at room temperature. When the actuation spring is heated to the set phase change temperature after being conducted by the heat-conducting enclosure, it will shrink in length and change to its second length. The impact marking head is connected to the moving end of the actuation spring via a rigid connecting rod, and the middle part of the rigid connecting rod is hinged to the top of the preset template via a connector.

6. The high-efficiency gear backlash detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the gear backlash is within acceptable limits, light and heat pass through the standard light-transmitting groove; when the backlash is too large and unacceptable, the heat-conducting barrier is within the irradiation range of the light and heat; the heat-conducting barrier conducts heat, causing the actuation spring to contract after being heated, and drives the impact marking head to move upward through the rigid connecting rod, impacting the corresponding position on the gear rim to form a physical color mark; after the gear continues to rotate, the actuation spring cools and resets as the irradiation stops.

7. The high-efficiency gear backlash detection device according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that, The second detection mechanism also includes an image recognition unit, which includes a vision sensor and an image processor. The vision sensor is located above or to the side of the projection plate and is used to acquire the projection image of the tooth gaps on the projection plate. The image processor is electrically connected to the vision sensor and is used to calculate the projection area corresponding to each tooth gap, compare the projection area with a preset qualified threshold range, and mark abnormal tooth gaps that exceed the qualified threshold range and feed them back to the controller.

8. A detection method based on the high-efficiency gear backlash detection equipment according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The steps of this detection method are as follows: S1: Clamp the gear to be tested onto the limit fixture, and control the servo motor to drive the limit slide to move horizontally along the track until the gear to be tested reaches the set testing position; S2: Start the drive motor of the first detection mechanism to drive the standard gear to mesh with the gear to be tested and rotate at a constant speed for at least one revolution; during this process, the light emitted by the light source module passes through the gap between the teeth and forms a projection on the projection plate; S3: Backlash compliance judgment and marking. Based on preset settings, select to proceed to S3a or S3b. S3a: Judgment and marking are performed through the auxiliary marking module: When any tooth gap is too large, the light and heat are blocked by the preset template and the actuation spring is heated, triggering the impact marking head to form a physical mark at the corresponding position of the gear to be detected. S3b: Judgment is made by the image recognition unit: the visual sensor acquires the projected image, and the image processor calculates the projected area of ​​each tooth gap, compares it with the preset threshold range, and identifies abnormal tooth gaps; If the physical marker has been triggered or the image analysis result is unqualified in step S3, the gear is determined to be unqualified; otherwise, proceed to step S4. S4: Start the second detection mechanism; control the electric lifting column to descend, so that the detection head performs a vertical insertion action, and at the same time monitor the pressure through the force sensor to determine whether the axial clearance is qualified; S5: Based on the judgment result of step S4, the gear is transported to the corresponding qualified or unqualified product area.

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