System and method for battery cooling

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a system and method for battery cooling. Systems and methods of cooling battery cells of a battery are described. The system may include a plurality of slide valves to form a plurality of coolant flow paths through the battery pack such that temperature differences between the battery cells may be reduced. And the controller adjusts the position of the slide valve according to the temperature of the battery cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to methods and systems for cooling a battery pack consisting of multiple battery cells. In one example, the battery pack may be installed in an electric vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Electric vehicles may include a traction battery for propelling the vehicle. The traction battery may consist of multiple battery cells. These battery cells may be arranged in parallel and series. The temperature of these battery cells may rise during charging and / or discharging. To provide long battery life and charging capacity, it may be desirable to maintain each battery cell at a temperature equal to that of the other battery cells. In other words, it may be desirable to operate the battery cells of the battery while minimizing the temperature difference between the multiple battery cells. In an example, one method for controlling the temperature of a battery pack includes adjusting the position of a first valve via one or more controllers in response to the battery cell temperature to direct coolant flow to one of a plurality of battery pack coolant inlets. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The battery cells within a battery can be cooled or heated to maintain a desired temperature. Operating the battery cells at or near the desired temperature extends battery life and allows for desired charge and discharge rates. To maintain the battery cells at or near the desired temperature, a battery pack temperature control system can be applied. This system (which may be referred to as a battery pack cooling system) can utilize heat exchangers to extract heat from the battery pack by allowing coolant to flow through the battery cells. This arrangement is well-suited for maintaining the battery cells close to the desired temperature, and enhancements to the battery pack temperature control system can provide additional advantages for controlling the battery cells to the desired temperature.

[0004] The inventors of this paper have recognized the aforementioned problems and have developed a method for controlling the temperature of a battery pack, the method comprising: adjusting the position of a first valve via one or more controllers in response to the temperature of the battery cells to direct a coolant flow to one of a plurality of battery pack coolant inlets.

[0005] By adjusting the position of the first valve in response to the battery cell temperature to direct coolant flow to one of the multiple battery pack coolant inlets, the temperature difference between the battery cells in the battery pack can be reduced. For example, the temperature of the battery cells near the coolant outlet can be controlled to be closer to the temperature of the battery cells near the coolant inlet. Therefore, the expected charging capacity and lifespan of the battery cells within the battery pack can be kept more consistent.

[0006] This specification offers several advantages. In particular, the method can provide extended battery pack life. Furthermore, the method can provide a more uniform charge distribution among battery cells, allowing the battery cells to deliver a greater amount of charge to power-consuming devices. Additionally, the method can provide a way for battery cells to receive higher charging rates over a longer period, thereby reducing battery charging time.

[0007] The above and other advantages and features of this specification will become readily apparent when understood alone or in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, based on the following detailed description.

[0008] It is understood that the above description of the invention is provided to present a series of concepts further described in the detailed embodiments in a simplified form. This is not intended to identify key features of the claimed subject matter, the scope of which is uniquely defined by the claims appended to the detailed embodiments. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to embodiments that address any shortcomings mentioned above or in any part of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0009] The advantages described herein will be more fully understood when read, either alone or with reference to the accompanying drawings, by reading examples of embodiments referred to herein as specific implementations, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an example electric vehicle; Figure 2 This is a schematic perspective view of an example battery pack; Figure 3 It shows Figure 2 A graph showing the temperature of an example battery cell in a battery pack; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an example battery cooling system is shown; Figures 5A to 5C Cross-sectional views of the inlet slide valve in three different operating states are shown; Figures 5D to 5F Cross-sectional views of the outlet slide valve in three different operating states are shown; Figures 6A to 6E It shows Figure 4 Different operating modes of the battery cooling system; Figure 7 The operation is shown Figure 4 A flowchart of a method for a battery cooling system; and Figure 8 The operation is shown Figure 4 A flowchart of the second method for the battery cooling system. Detailed Implementation

[0010] This specification relates to a cooling system for a battery pack consisting of multiple battery cells. The cooling system may include two spool valves controlling the inflow and outflow of coolant into and out of the battery pack. The cooling system also includes a controller and control routines to reduce temperature differences within the battery pack. The battery pack may be included in an electric vehicle, such as... Figure 1 As shown. Figure 2 An example coolant flow path through an example battery pack is shown, and Figure 3 It shows Figure 2 The battery cell temperature profile is shown. Figure 4 The battery pack coolant system according to this specification is shown. Figures 5A to 5F The various positions of the coolant flow control valve are shown in the diagram. Figures 6A to 6E The image shows the use of Figure 4 Several coolant flow control modes for the coolant system. Figure 7 The diagram shows the operation. Figure 4 Methods for cooling battery pack systems. Figure 8 The diagram shows the operation. Figure 4 A second method for the battery pack cooling system.

[0011] Figure 1 A block diagram of an example vehicle propulsion system 100 for vehicle 121 is shown. The front portion of vehicle 121 is indicated by 110, and the rear portion of vehicle 121 is indicated by 111. The vehicle propulsion system 100 includes a motor 126. The motor 126 can consume or generate electricity depending on its operating mode. Figure 1 Mechanical connections between various components are shown as solid lines, while electrical connections between various components are shown as dashed lines.

[0012] The vehicle propulsion system 100 includes a rear axle 122. In some examples, the rear axle 122 may include two half-shafts, such as a first half-shaft 122a and a second half-shaft 122b. The vehicle propulsion system 100 also has front wheels 130 and rear wheels 131. The rear wheels 131 can be driven via a motor 126.

[0013] The rear axle 122 is connected to the motor 126. The rear drive unit 136 can transmit power from the motor 126 to the axle 122, causing rotation of the rear wheels 131. The rear drive unit 136 may include a low gear 175 and a high gear 177 connected to the motor 126 via the output shaft 126a of the motor 126. The low gear 175 can be engaged via a fully engaged low gear clutch 176. The high gear 177 can be engaged via a fully engaged high gear clutch 178. The high gear clutch 178 and the low gear clutch 176 can be disengaged and engaged via commands received by the rear drive unit 136 via a controller area network (CAN) 199. Alternatively, the high gear clutch 178 and the low gear clutch 176 can be disengaged and engaged via a digital output or pulse width provided by the control system 114. The rear drive unit 136 may include a differential gear 128, allowing torque to be supplied to the first half-shaft 122a and the second half-shaft 122b. In some examples, an electronically controlled differential clutch (not shown) may be included in the rear drive unit 136.

[0014] Motor 126 can receive power from an on-board energy storage device (e.g., a traction battery or battery pack) 132. Additionally, motor 126 can provide generator functionality to convert the vehicle's kinetic energy into electrical energy, which can be stored in energy storage device 132 for later use by motor 126. Inverter system controller 134 (ISC1) can convert the alternating current generated by motor 126 into direct current for storage in energy storage device 132, and vice versa. Electric drive system 135 includes motor 126 and inverter system controller 134. Energy storage device 132 can be a battery, capacitor, inductor, or other energy storage device. Power flowing into electric drive system 135 can be monitored via current sensor 145 and voltage sensor 146. The position and rotational speed of motor 126 can be monitored via position sensor 147. Torque generated by motor 126 can be monitored via torque sensor 148.

[0015] The motor 126 can propel the vehicle 121 in the forward or reverse direction in response to the position of the shift selector 159. In addition, the vehicle 121 can be put into parking gear (e.g., when the vehicle wheels are locked and no vehicle is moving) or neutral gear in response to the position of the shift selector 159.

[0016] In some examples, energy storage device 132 may be configured to store electrical energy that can be supplied via a high-voltage bus 195 (e.g., a component such as a conductor carrying current and high voltage (e.g., a voltage greater than 60 volts)). The high-voltage bus 195 may be electrically connected to a high-voltage vehicle accessory (e.g., a heat pump, air conditioner, heater, etc.) 186 and a power converter 191 (e.g., a direct current (DC) to DC converter or an alternating current (AC) to DC converter). The power converter 191 is electrically connected to an electrical outlet 190, and the electrical outlet 190 may be electrically connected via a wire 193 to an external charging station 198 (e.g., a DC fast charger (DCFC), a Level 2 charger (e.g., a 240-volt AC charger), or a Level 1 charger (e.g., a 120-volt AC charger)). The external charging station 198 includes a non-transitory (e.g., read-only memory) 198a, random access memory 198b, digital input / output 198c, and a microcontroller 198d. Power converter 191 can control the current and voltage supplied to energy storage device 132. Power converter 191 may include non-transitory (e.g., read-only memory) 191a, random access memory 191b, digital input / output 191c, and microcontroller 191d. Socket sensor 197 provides indication of whether vehicle 121 is plugged into external charging station 198. External charging station 198 resides outside the vehicle (e.g., not part of the vehicle). High-voltage bus 195 can also be electrically connected to DC / DC converter 184, which allows power to be transferred from high-voltage bus 195 to low-voltage bus 196 (e.g., conductors, terminals, and other conductive links). Thus, power can be exchanged between energy storage device 132 and low-voltage battery 182 (e.g., battery voltage less than 20 volts). Low-voltage battery switch 185 can be selectively disconnected to prevent power from reaching low-voltage battery 182 (e.g., 12-volt DC) from low-voltage bus 196. The low-voltage bus 196 can distribute low-voltage power to low-voltage electrical loads 183 (e.g., power-consuming devices such as infotainment systems, windshield wipers, blowers, etc.).

[0017] refer to Figure 1The energy storage device 132 includes a plurality of battery cells 137, an energy storage device controller 139, and a power distribution module 138. The energy storage device controller 139 can provide charge balancing among the energy storage elements (e.g., battery cells) and communication with other vehicle controllers (e.g., controller 112). The power distribution module 138 controls the inflow and outflow of power into the energy storage device 132. A contactor 133 can selectively connect and disconnect the energy storage device 132 from the high-voltage bus 195 and the inverter system controller (ISC1) 134. In some examples, the contactor 133 may be located external to the energy storage device 132. The power distribution module 138 is also shown as being directly electrically connected to a protected DC / DC converter 169.

[0018] The energy storage device temperature control system 163 (e.g., a heat pump or heat exchanger) may include a temperature control actuator 164 (e.g., a pump, valve, electrical switch, etc.) to adjust the temperature of the energy storage device. The energy storage device temperature control system 163 may receive a requested energy storage device temperature via a controller coupled to CAN 199.

[0019] The control system 114 can communicate with the motor 126, the energy storage device 132, the navigation system 187, etc. The control system 114 can receive sensor feedback information from the electric drive system 135 and the energy storage device 132, etc. Furthermore, the control system 114 can send control signals to the electric drive system 135 and the energy storage device 132, etc., in response to this sensor feedback. The control system 114 can receive instructions from the human operator 102 or the autonomous controller regarding operator requests for output from the vehicle propulsion system. For example, the control system 114 can receive sensor feedback from the pedal position sensor 194, which communicates with the pedal 192. The pedal 192 can schematically represent the pedal required by the driver. Similarly, the control system 114 can receive instructions from the operator (e.g., user) requesting vehicle deceleration via the human operator 102 or the autonomous controller. For example, the control system 114 can receive sensor feedback from the pedal position sensor 157, which communicates with the vehicle brake caliper control pedal 156.

[0020] One or more wheel speed sensors (WSS) 123 may be coupled to one or more wheels of the vehicle propulsion system 100. The wheel speed sensors can detect the rotational speed of each wheel. Such an example of a WSS may include a sensor of the permanent magnet type.

[0021] Controller 112 may form part of control system 114. In some examples, controller 112 may be a single controller for the vehicle. Control system 114 is shown receiving information from multiple sensors 116 (various examples of which are described herein) and sending control signals to multiple actuators 181 (various examples of which are described herein). As an example, sensor 116 may include a tire pressure sensor (not shown), wheel speed sensor 123, etc. In some examples, sensors associated with motor 126, wheel speed sensor 123, etc., may transmit information to controller 112 about various states of motor operation. Controller 112 includes non-transitory (e.g., read-only memory) 165, random access memory 166, digital input / output 168, and microcontroller 167. Controller 112 may receive input data via CAN 199 and provide the data to human / machine interface 140. Additionally, controller 112 can transmit vehicle data and receive commands (e.g., a request to prepare the vehicle for long-term storage) via transceiver 160 and remote device 161 (e.g., a cellular phone, tablet, or other remote wireless device). Remote device 161 can transmit commands and receive data via cellular or satellite network 162.

[0022] Now for reference Figure 2 A three-dimensional perspective example of a battery pack is shown. The battery pack 132 is shown having a plurality of battery cells 137. In this example, the battery cells 137 are shown to be cylindrical. The battery pack 132 includes a front side 204 and a rear side 206. In this example, coolant flows in the direction indicated by arrow 210. Therefore, coolant flows from the front side to the rear side of the battery pack 132. A first battery cell 220 is arranged near the front side 204 of the battery pack 132, and a second battery cell 222 is arranged near the rear side 206 of the battery pack 132. If the coolant flows only in the direction indicated by arrow 210, a temperature difference may form between the first battery cell 220 and the second battery cell 222, such as Figure 3 As shown.

[0023] Now for reference Figure 3 The diagram shows a graph of the temperature profile of an example battery cell. Specifically, it shows a graph of battery cell temperature versus time, and the graph includes two traces. The first trace 302 represents... Figure 2 The temperature of the second battery cell 222 is shown, and the second trace 304 represents... Figure 2 The temperature of the first battery cell 220 is shown. Therefore, a temperature difference exists between the first trace 302 and the second trace 304. When the coolant... Figure 2 This temperature difference may occur when the flow into the battery pack 132 is shown. It may be desirable to reduce the temperature difference so that the first trace 302 follows the trace 304 more closely.

[0024] Now for reference Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an example energy storage device temperature control system 163 (e.g., a battery pack temperature control system) is shown. In this example, the energy storage device temperature control system 163 includes an inlet control slide valve 408 and an outlet control slide valve 436, shown as being outside the battery pack housing 410. However, in other examples, the inlet control slide valve 408 and the outlet control slide valve 436 may be included within the battery pack housing 410. The energy storage device temperature control system 163 also includes a coolant pump 402, a cooler 404, a coolant reservoir 406, and conduits or channels 480 to 486 for circulating battery coolant within a battery cooling system 400. Coolant may flow through the conduits or channels in the direction indicated by the arrows. The cooler 404 may be fluidly coupled to a heat pump (not shown). The operation of the energy storage device temperature control system 163 can be adjusted via a temperature control system 434, which includes a non-transitory memory 434a (e.g., read-only memory), a random access memory 434b, a digital input / output 434c, and a microcontroller 434d. The energy storage device temperature control system can receive temperature information in the form of data, voltage, or current via a temperature sensor 434e.

[0025] Battery cell A, described as cell A, is shown at 490. Cell A is shown at the left end of the energy storage device 132 (battery pack), closer to the inlet side of the battery pack where the first, second, and third inlets are located, rather than the outlet side where the first, second, and third outlets are located. A temperature control system 434 can monitor the temperature of cell A. Battery cell B, described as cell B, is shown at 492. Cell B is shown at the right end of the energy storage device 132 (battery pack), closer to the inlet side of the battery pack where the first, second, and third inlets are located, rather than the outlet side where the first, second, and third outlets are located. A temperature control system 434 can monitor the temperature of cell B. Battery cell M, described as cell M, is shown at 494. Cell M is shown in the middle between the left and right sides of the energy storage device 132 (battery pack), approximately midway between the inlet and outlet sides of the battery pack. The temperature control system 434 can monitor the temperature of the battery cell M.

[0026] During operation, such as Figures 5A to 5FAs shown, the positions of the inlet control valve 408 and the outlet control valve 436 can be adjusted to control the battery cell temperature and the flow direction of coolant through the energy storage device 132. In a first position, the inlet control valve 408 guides coolant flow through the first coolant inlet 412a of the energy storage device 132. In a second position, the inlet control valve 408 guides coolant flow through the second coolant inlet 412b of the energy storage device 132. In a third position, the inlet control valve 408 guides coolant flow through the third coolant inlet 412c of the energy storage device 132. In the first position, the outlet control valve 436 guides coolant flow through the first coolant outlet 440a of the energy storage device 132. In the second position, the outlet control valve 436 guides coolant flow through the second coolant outlet 440b of the energy storage device 132. In the third position, the outlet control valve 436 guides coolant flow through the third coolant outlet 440c of the energy storage device 132.

[0027] Coolant can flow from pump 402 to inlet control slide valve 408. Coolant leaves inlet control slide valve 408 and flows into energy storage device 132. Coolant leaves energy storage device 132 and flows into outlet control slide valve 436. Coolant can flow from outlet control slide valve 436 to coolant reservoir 406. Coolant 407 can flow from coolant reservoir 406 to cooler 404 (e.g., heat exchanger) and then back to pump 402, as indicated by the arrows indicating the conduits or channels.

[0028] Now for reference Figures 5A to 5C The diagram shows a cross-section of the inlet control slide valve 408 in three different positions. These three positions allow control of the coolant flow through the energy storage device 132. The inlet control slide valve 408 includes a slide valve 502, a body 505, and an actuator 599 (e.g., an electrically actuated solenoid). The inlet control slide valve 408 also includes a single inlet 510, a first outlet 512, a second outlet 514, and a third outlet 516. Figure 5A The diagram shows the inlet control slide valve 408 in a first position, in which coolant can flow from a single inlet 510 through a first coolant flow path 503 to a third outlet 516. When the inlet control slide valve 408 is in the first position, coolant may not flow through the first and second outlets. Figure 5B The inlet control slide valve 408 is shown in a second position, in which coolant can flow from the single inlet 510 through the second coolant flow path 504 to the second outlet 514. When the inlet control slide valve 408 is in the second position, coolant may not flow through the first outlet and the third outlet. Figure 5CThe inlet control slide valve 408 is shown in a third position, in which coolant can flow from the single inlet 510 through a third coolant flow path 506 to a fourth outlet 512. When the inlet control slide valve 408 is in the third position, coolant may not flow through the second and third outlets.

[0029] Now for reference Figures 5D to 5F The diagram shows a cross-section of the outlet control slide valve 436 in three different positions. These three positions allow control of the coolant flow leaving the energy storage device 132. The outlet control slide valve 436 includes a slide valve 509, a body 560, and an actuator 511 (e.g., an electrically actuated solenoid). The outlet control slide valve 436 also includes a single outlet 520, a first inlet 522, a second inlet 524, and a third inlet 526. Figure 5D The diagram shows the outlet control slide valve 436 in a first position, in which coolant can flow from the first inlet 522 through the first coolant flow path 530 to the single outlet 520. When the outlet control slide valve 436 is in the first position, coolant may not flow through the second and third inlets. Figure 5E The outlet control slide valve 436 is shown in a second position, in which coolant can flow from the second inlet 524 through the second coolant flow path 531 to the single outlet 520. When the outlet control slide valve 436 is in the second position, coolant may not flow through the first inlet and the third inlet. Figure 5F The outlet control slide valve 436 is shown in a third position, in which coolant can flow from the third inlet 526 through the third coolant flow path 532 to the single outlet 520. When the outlet control slide valve 436 is in the third position, coolant may not flow through the first and second inlets.

[0030] Now for reference Figure 6A The energy storage device temperature control system 163 is shown in configuration A, where coolant flows as indicated by the conduit arrow. In this configuration, the inlet control slide valve 408 is operated in its first position, causing coolant to flow from pump 402 into the third coolant inlet 412c. Additionally, the outlet control slide valve 436 is operated in its first position, causing coolant to flow from the first coolant outlet 440a into the reservoir 406.

[0031] Now for reference Figure 6B The energy storage device temperature control system 163 is shown in configuration B, where coolant flows as indicated by the conduit arrow. In this configuration, the inlet control slide valve 408 operates in its third position, allowing coolant to flow from the pump 402 into the first coolant inlet 412a. Additionally, the outlet control slide valve 436 operates in its third position, allowing coolant to flow from the third coolant outlet 440c into the reservoir 406.

[0032] Now for reference Figure 6C The energy storage device temperature control system 163 is shown in configuration M1, where coolant flows as indicated by the conduit arrow. In this configuration, the inlet control slide valve 408 operates in its second position, allowing coolant to flow from pump 402 into the second coolant inlet 412b. Additionally, the outlet control slide valve 436 operates in its second position, allowing coolant to flow from the second coolant outlet 440b into the reservoir 406.

[0033] Now for reference Figure 6D The energy storage device temperature control system 163 is shown in configuration M2, where coolant flows as indicated by the conduit arrow. In this configuration, the inlet control slide valve 408 operates in its second position, allowing coolant to flow from pump 402 into the second coolant inlet 412b. Additionally, the outlet control slide valve 436 operates in its first position, allowing coolant to flow from the first coolant outlet 440a into the reservoir 406.

[0034] Now for reference Figure 6E The energy storage device temperature control system 163 is shown in configuration M3, where coolant flows as indicated by the conduit arrow. In this configuration, the inlet control slide valve 408 operates in its second position, allowing coolant to flow from pump 402 into the second coolant inlet 412b. Additionally, the outlet control slide valve 436 operates in its third position, allowing coolant to flow from the third coolant outlet 440c into the reservoir 406.

[0035] Configure the coolant flow paths in A, B, M1, M2 and M3 via Figures 6A to 6E Arrows 602 to 610 indicate this. These coolant flow paths allow different battery cells to be cooled at different rates depending on the battery cell temperature.

[0036] Figures 1 to 6EA battery pack temperature control system is provided, comprising: an inlet control slide valve; an outlet control slide valve; a plurality of coolant inlets; a plurality of coolant outlets; a plurality of battery cells; and one or more controllers, the one or more controllers including executable instructions stored in a controller memory, the executable instructions causing the one or more controllers to adjust the inlet control slide valve and the outlet control slide valve in response to the temperature of one or more of the plurality of battery cells. In a first example, the system includes: wherein the inlet control slide valve can be adjusted to three different positions to provide three different flow paths through the inlet control slide valve. In a second example that may include the first example, the system includes: wherein the outlet control slide valve can be adjusted to three different positions to provide three different flow paths through the outlet control slide valve. In a third example that may include one or both of the first and second examples, the system includes: wherein the inlet control slide valve is in fluid communication with the plurality of coolant inlets. In a fourth example that may include one or more of the first to third examples, the system includes: wherein the outlet control slide valve is in fluid communication with the plurality of coolant outlets. In a fifth example, which may include one or more of the first to fourth examples, the system includes: wherein the plurality of battery cells are housed in a housing. In a sixth example, which may include one or more of the first to fifth examples, the system further includes additional executable instructions for operating the battery pack temperature control system in five different cooling configurations. In a seventh example, which may include one or more of the first to sixth examples, the system includes: wherein the five different cooling configurations are based on different positions of the inlet control slide valve and different positions of the outlet control slide valve.

[0037] Figures 1 to 6EA battery pack temperature control system is provided, comprising: an inlet control slide valve; an outlet control slide valve; a plurality of coolant inlets; a plurality of coolant outlets; a coolant pump; a coolant reservoir; a plurality of battery cells enclosed in a housing; and one or more controllers, the controllers including executable instructions stored in a controller memory, the executable instructions causing the controllers to adjust the inlet control slide valve and the outlet control slide valve to generate a plurality of different coolant flow paths through the housing. In a first example, the battery pack temperature control system further includes additional instructions for adjusting the rotational speed of the coolant pump in response to the temperature of one of the plurality of battery cells. In a second example, which may include the first example, the battery pack temperature control system includes wherein the plurality of coolant inlets are arranged along a first side of the housing. In a third example, which may include one or both of the first and second examples, the battery pack temperature control system includes wherein the plurality of coolant inlets are arranged along a second side of the housing. In a fourth example, which may include one or more of the first to third examples, the battery pack temperature control system further includes a cooler in fluid communication with the coolant pump and the coolant reservoir.

[0038] Now for reference Figure 7 A method for controlling the temperature of a battery pack is illustrated. At least a portion of method 700 may be included as executable instructions stored in the non-transitory memory of one or more controllers. Furthermore, some portions of method 700 may be actions performed in the physical world via one or more controllers and one or more actuators. Method 700 may be included... Figure 1 and Figure 4 In the system.

[0039] At 702, method 700 is as follows Figure 6A The illustrated configuration A operates the battery pack temperature control system. In configuration A, the energy storage device temperature control system operates with the inlet control valve 408 in the first position and the outlet control valve 436 in the third position, causing coolant to flow from the third coolant inlet 412c (e.g., the right-side coolant inlet) of the energy storage device to the first coolant outlet 440a, as shown. Figure 6A As indicated by the arrow in the diagram. This allows the coolant to cool the battery cells in a right-to-left direction. Additionally, method 700 can adjust the speed of the coolant pump in response to the battery cell temperature. Method 700 proceeds to 704.

[0040] At point 704, method 700 determines whether the temperature of battery cell A minus the temperature of battery cell B is greater than a first threshold temperature. If yes, the answer is yes, and method 700 proceeds to point 706. Otherwise, the answer is no, and method 700 proceeds to point 716.

[0041] At position 706, method 700 is as follows: Figure 6B The illustrated configuration B operates the battery pack temperature control system. In configuration B, the energy storage device temperature control system operates with the inlet control valve 408 in the third position and the outlet control valve 436 in the first position, causing coolant to flow from the first coolant inlet 412a (e.g., the left-side coolant inlet) of the energy storage device to the third coolant outlet 440c, as shown. Figure 6B As indicated by the arrow in the diagram. This allows the coolant to cool the battery cells in a left-to-right direction. Additionally, method 700 can adjust the speed of the coolant pump in response to the battery cell temperature. Method 700 proceeds to 708.

[0042] At point 708, method 700 determines whether the temperature of battery cell B minus the temperature of battery cell A is greater than or equal to the second threshold temperature. If so, the answer is yes, and method 700 returns to point 702. Otherwise, the answer is no, and method 700 proceeds to point 710.

[0043] At 710, method 700 determines whether the greater of the temperature of battery cell M minus the temperature of battery cell A or the temperature of battery cell B is greater than or equal to zero. If yes, the answer is yes, and method 700 proceeds to 712. Otherwise, the answer is no, and method 700 returns to 706.

[0044] At position 712, method 700 is as follows. Figure 6C The illustrated configuration M1 operates the battery pack temperature control system. In configuration M1, the energy storage device temperature control system operates with both the inlet control valve 408 and the outlet control valve 436 in the second position, causing coolant to flow from the energy storage device's second coolant inlet 412b (e.g., intermediate coolant inlet) to the second coolant outlet 440b, as shown. Figure 6C As indicated by the arrow in the diagram. This allows the coolant to cool the battery cells in a direction from center to center. Additionally, method 700 can adjust the speed of the coolant pump in response to the battery cell temperature. Method 700 proceeds to 714.

[0045] At point 714, method 700 determines whether the greater of the temperature of battery cell M minus the temperature of battery cell A or the temperature of battery cell B is greater than or equal to zero. If yes, the answer is yes, and method 700 returns to point 712. Otherwise, the answer is no, and method 700 returns to point 706.

[0046] At point 716, method 700 determines whether the greater of the temperature of battery cell M minus the temperature of battery cell A or the temperature of battery cell B is greater than or equal to zero. If yes, the answer is yes, and method 700 proceeds to point 718. Otherwise, the answer is no, and method 700 returns to point 702.

[0047] At 718, method 700 is as follows. Figure 6C The illustrated configuration M1 operates the battery pack temperature control system. In configuration M1, the energy storage device temperature control system operates with both the inlet control valve 408 and the outlet control valve 436 in the second position, causing coolant to flow from the energy storage device's second coolant inlet 412b (e.g., intermediate coolant inlet) to the second coolant outlet 440b, as shown. Figure 6C As indicated by the arrow in the diagram. This allows the coolant to cool the battery cells in a direction from center to center. Additionally, method 700 can adjust the speed of the coolant pump in response to the battery cell temperature. Method 700 proceeds to 720.

[0048] At 720, method 700 determines whether the greater of the temperature of battery cell M minus the temperature of battery cell A or the temperature of battery cell B is greater than or equal to zero. If yes, the answer is yes, and method 700 returns to 718. Otherwise, the answer is no, and method 700 returns to 702.

[0049] therefore, Figure 7 The method provides a way to change the direction of coolant flow through the battery pack in response to the temperature of the battery cells, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the battery cells. Furthermore, Figure 7 The method involves altering which battery pack coolant inlets and outlets receive the flowing coolant, thereby reducing the temperature difference between battery cells. These actions can extend battery cell life and increase current charging and discharging capacity.

[0050] Now for reference Figure 8 This illustrates a second method for controlling the temperature of a battery pack. At least a portion of method 800 may be included as executable instructions stored in the non-transitory memory of one or more controllers. Furthermore, some portions of method 800 may be actions performed in the physical world via one or more controllers and one or more actuators. Method 800 may be included... Figure 1 and Figure 4 In the system. Additionally, Figure 8 The method can be with Figure 7 The methods run simultaneously, and Figure 8 The action of the method can take precedence over that of the method. Figure 7The method performs the action. For example, if either step 804 or 810 is performed, then Figure 7 The method can be used without performing any action.

[0051] At point 802, method 800 determines whether the temperature of battery cell A is greater than the third threshold temperature. If yes, method 800 proceeds to point 804. Otherwise, the answer is no, and method 800 proceeds to point 806.

[0052] At 804, method 800 is as follows Figure 6D The illustrated configuration M2 operates the battery pack temperature control system. In configuration M2, the energy storage device temperature control system operates with the inlet control valve 408 in the second position and the outlet control valve 436 in the first position, causing coolant to flow from the energy storage device's second coolant inlet 412b (e.g., intermediate coolant inlet) to the first coolant outlet 440a, as shown. Figure 6D As indicated by the arrow in the diagram. This allows the coolant to preferentially cool the battery cells on the left side of the battery pack. Method 800 proceeds to exit.

[0053] At point 806, method 800 determines whether the temperature of battery cell B is greater than the fourth threshold temperature. If so, method 800 proceeds to point 810. Otherwise, the answer is no, and method 800 proceeds to point 808.

[0054] At 810, method 800 is as follows Figure 6E The illustrated configuration M3 operates the battery pack temperature control system. In configuration M3, the energy storage device temperature control system operates with the inlet control valve 408 in the second position and the outlet control valve 436 in the third position, causing coolant to flow from the energy storage device's second coolant inlet 412b (e.g., an intermediate coolant inlet) to the third coolant outlet 440c, as shown. Figure 6E As indicated by the arrow in the diagram. This allows the coolant to preferentially cool the battery cells on the right side of the battery pack. Method 800 proceeds to exit.

[0055] At point 808, if the energy storage device temperature control system 163 has not recently operated in configuration M2 or M3, method 800 maintains the current active configuration of the energy storage device temperature control system 163. However, if the energy storage device temperature control system 163 has recently operated in configuration M2 or M3, method 800 changes the energy storage device temperature control system 163 to configuration A. Method 800 proceeds to exit.

[0056] Therefore, if the temperature of battery cell A exceeds the threshold, coolant is preferentially directed to battery cell A, allowing it to be cooled preferentially. On the other hand, if the temperature of battery cell B exceeds the threshold, coolant is preferentially directed to battery cell B, allowing it to be cooled preferentially.

[0057] therefore, Figure 7 and Figure 8 The method provides a method for controlling battery pack temperature, the method comprising: adjusting the position of a first valve via one or more controllers in response to battery cell temperature to direct coolant flow to one of a plurality of battery pack coolant inlets. In a first example, the method further comprises adjusting the position of a second valve in response to the battery cell temperature to direct coolant flow from one of a plurality of battery pack coolant outlets. In a second example that may include the first example, the method comprises: wherein the plurality of battery pack coolant inlets includes a first coolant inlet, a second coolant inlet, and a third coolant inlet. In a third example that may include one or both of the first and second examples, the method comprises: wherein the plurality of battery pack coolant outlets includes a first coolant outlet, a second coolant outlet, and a third coolant outlet. In a fourth example that includes one or more of the first to third examples, the method comprises: wherein the first valve position is the position of a slide valve. In a fifth example that includes one or more of the first to fourth examples, the method comprises: wherein the battery cell temperature is the temperature difference between a first battery cell and a second battery cell. In a sixth example, which includes one or more of the first to fifth examples, the method further includes adjusting the rotational speed of the coolant pump in response to the temperature of the battery cell.

[0058] The methods and routines disclosed herein can be stored as executable instructions in non-transitory memory and can be executed by a system including a controller in conjunction with various sensors and actuators. Furthermore, parts of the methods can be physical actions taken in the real world to change the state of a device. The specific routines described herein can represent one or more of any number of processing strategies (such as event-driven, interrupt-driven, multitasking, multithreading, etc.). For this purpose, the various actions, operations, and / or functions shown can be executed in the order shown, in parallel, or in some cases omitted. Similarly, the processing order is not necessarily necessary to achieve the features and advantages of the examples described herein, but is provided for ease of illustration and description. One or more of the actions, operations, and / or functions shown can be repeatedly executed depending on the specific strategy used. Furthermore, the described actions, operations, and / or functions can be graphically represented as code programmed into a non-transitory memory of a computer-readable storage medium in the system, wherein the described actions are implemented by executing instructions in a system including various hardware components in conjunction with an electronic controller. One or more of the method steps described herein can be omitted if desired.

[0059] While various embodiments have been described above, it is understood that these embodiments are presented by way of example rather than limitation or constraint. It should be understood that the configurations and routines disclosed herein are exemplary in nature, and these specific examples should not be considered limiting, as numerous variations are possible. For example, the above-described techniques can be applied to powertrain systems including different types of propulsion sources, such as different types of electric motors, internal combustion engines, and / or transmissions. The techniques can be used independently or in combination with other powertrain systems, which, as examples, are not limited to mechanical and propulsion systems for tandem axles, electric support axles, P4 axles, HEVs, BEVs, agricultural vehicles, marine vehicles, motorcycles, recreational vehicles, and on-road and off-road vehicles. The subject matter of this disclosure includes all novel and non-obvious combinations and sub-combinations of the various systems and configurations disclosed herein, as well as other features, functions, and / or properties. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the disclosed subject matter may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit of this subject matter.

[0060] The appended claims specifically point to certain combinations and sub-combinations considered novel and non-obvious. These claims may refer to an “a” element or a “first” element or its equivalent. Such claims are to be understood as including a combination of one or more such elements, neither requiring nor excluding two or more such elements. Other combinations and sub-combinations of the disclosed features, functions, elements, and / or properties may be claimed by amending these claims or by setting new claims in this application or related applications. Such claims, whether broader, narrower, equivalent, or different in scope from the original claims, are also considered to be included within the subject matter of this disclosure. As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the term “about” is interpreted as representing ±5% of the stated scope.

[0061] According to the present invention, a method for controlling battery pack temperature includes: adjusting the position of a first valve via one or more controllers in response to battery cell temperature to direct coolant flow to one of a plurality of battery pack coolant inlets.

[0062] In one aspect of the invention, the method includes adjusting the position of a second valve in response to the temperature of the battery cell to direct a coolant flow from one of a plurality of battery pack coolant outlets.

[0063] In one aspect of the invention, the plurality of battery pack coolant inlets include a first coolant inlet, a second coolant inlet, and a third coolant inlet.

[0064] In one aspect of the invention, the plurality of battery pack coolant outlets include a first coolant outlet, a second coolant outlet, and a third coolant outlet.

[0065] In one aspect of the invention, the first valve position is the position of the slide valve.

[0066] In one aspect of the invention, the battery cell temperature is the temperature difference between the first battery cell and the second battery cell.

[0067] In one aspect of the invention, the method includes adjusting the rotational speed of a coolant pump in response to the temperature of the battery cell.

[0068] According to the present invention, a battery pack temperature control system is provided, the battery pack temperature control system comprising: an inlet control slide valve; an outlet control slide valve; a plurality of coolant inlets; a plurality of coolant outlets; a plurality of battery cells; and one or more controllers, the one or more controllers including executable instructions stored in a controller memory, the executable instructions causing the one or more controllers to adjust the inlet control slide valve and the outlet control slide valve in response to the temperature of one or more of the plurality of battery cells.

[0069] According to an embodiment, the inlet control slide valve can be adjusted to three different positions to provide three different flow paths through the inlet control slide valve.

[0070] According to an embodiment, the outlet control slide valve can be adjusted to three different positions to provide three different flow paths through the outlet control slide valve.

[0071] According to an embodiment, the inlet control slide valve is in fluid communication with the plurality of coolant inlets.

[0072] According to an embodiment, the outlet control slide valve is in fluid communication with the plurality of coolant outlets.

[0073] According to an embodiment, the plurality of battery cells are housed in a casing.

[0074] According to an embodiment, the invention is further characterized by additional executable instructions for operating the battery pack temperature control system in five different cooling configurations.

[0075] According to an embodiment, the five different cooling configurations are based on different positions of the inlet control slide valve and different positions of the outlet control slide valve.

[0076] According to the present invention, a battery pack temperature control system is provided, the battery pack temperature control system comprising: an inlet control slide valve; an outlet control slide valve; a plurality of coolant inlets; a plurality of coolant outlets; a coolant pump; a coolant reservoir; a plurality of battery cells enclosed in a housing; and one or more controllers, the one or more controllers including executable instructions stored in a controller memory, the executable instructions causing the one or more controllers to adjust the inlet control slide valve and the outlet control slide valve to generate a plurality of different coolant flow paths through the housing.

[0077] According to an embodiment, the invention is further characterized by an additional command for adjusting the rotational speed of the coolant pump in response to the temperature of one of the plurality of battery cells.

[0078] According to an embodiment, the plurality of coolant inlets are arranged along a first side of the housing.

[0079] According to an embodiment, the plurality of coolant outlets are arranged along the second side of the housing.

[0080] According to an embodiment, the invention is further characterized by a cooler that is in fluid communication with the coolant pump and the coolant reservoir.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the temperature of a battery pack, the method comprising: The position of the first valve is adjusted by one or more controllers in response to the battery cell temperature to direct the coolant flow to one of the multiple battery pack coolant inlets.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising adjusting the position of a second valve in response to the battery cell temperature to direct a coolant flow from one of a plurality of battery pack coolant outlets.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the plurality of battery pack coolant inlets include a first coolant inlet, a second coolant inlet, and a third coolant inlet.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the plurality of battery pack coolant outlets include a first coolant outlet, a second coolant outlet, and a third coolant outlet.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first valve position is the position of the slide valve.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the battery cell temperature is the temperature difference between the first battery cell and the second battery cell.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising adjusting the rotational speed of the coolant pump in response to the temperature of the battery cell.

8. A battery pack temperature control system, the battery pack temperature control system comprising: Inlet control slide valve; Outlet control slide valve; Multiple coolant inlets; Multiple coolant outlets; Multiple battery cells; as well as One or more controllers, the one or more controllers including executable instructions stored in a controller memory, the executable instructions causing the one or more controllers to adjust the inlet control slide valve and the outlet control slide valve in response to the temperature of one or more of the plurality of battery cells.

9. The battery pack temperature control system of claim 8, wherein the inlet control slide valve can be adjusted to three different positions to provide three different flow paths through the inlet control slide valve.

10. The battery pack temperature control system of claim 9, wherein the outlet control slide valve can be adjusted to three different positions to provide three different flow paths through the outlet control slide valve.

11. The battery pack temperature control system of claim 8, wherein the inlet control slide valve is in fluid communication with the plurality of coolant inlets.

12. The battery pack temperature control system of claim 8, wherein the outlet control slide valve is in fluid communication with the plurality of coolant outlets.

13. The battery pack temperature control system of claim 8, wherein the plurality of battery cells are housed in a housing.

14. The battery pack temperature control system of claim 8, further comprising additional executable instructions for operating the battery pack temperature control system in five different cooling configurations.

15. The battery pack temperature control system of claim 14, wherein the five different cooling configurations are based on different positions of the inlet control slide valve and different positions of the outlet control slide valve.

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