Government affair quantum chain private key distributed management system and management method

Abstract

The invention discloses a government affair quantum chain private key distributed management system and management method, and relates to the crossing field of quantum information security and block chain technology, in particular to a government affair quantum chain private key distributed management system and management method. The system comprises a private key generation center, a plurality of distributed nodes, a multi-party consensus verification module and a real-time monitoring module which are connected through a quantum key distribution network. The private key generation center integrates four independent biological recognition devices to generate quantum private key seeds, and adopts a threshold scheme to divide a private key into a plurality of fragments and distribute the fragments to distributed nodes for secure storage. Any key operation needs at least four nodes to consensus and complete biological recognition authentication, and then a private key can be temporarily reconstructed. When abnormal access is detected by the real-time monitoring module, a physical fusing mechanism can be triggered at a millisecond level. According to the method, the management process is intelligently contracted, and high-security, high-availability and auditing distributed management of the quantum private key in the government affair environment is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the intersection of quantum information security and blockchain technology, specifically to a distributed management system and method for government quantum blockchain private keys. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening of digital government construction, blockchain technology, with its decentralized, immutable, and traceable characteristics, has shown enormous potential in areas such as government data sharing, electronic certificates, judicial evidence preservation, and fiscal fund supervision. It is gradually becoming a core trust infrastructure supporting "one-stop online services" and optimizing the business environment. In government blockchain applications, the security of private keys directly determines the control of account identity, access rights to data, and approval rights for core business operations, serving as the cornerstone of system security. Once a private key is leaked, stolen, or used without authorization, it could lead to catastrophic consequences such as the leakage of state secrets, malicious manipulation of critical business operations, and the loss of huge sums of money. Its security requirements are far higher than those of ordinary commercial applications.

[0003] However, current government blockchain systems still face a series of serious challenges in private key security management, and traditional solutions are no longer sufficient to meet the growing security needs against state-level attacks: (1) Centralized risks of private key generation and storage: Currently, most systems rely on a single key generation center (KGC) or hardware security module (HSM). This centralized model has the risk of a "single point of failure". Once the center is physically compromised, maliciously manipulated by insiders, or attacked by an advanced persistent threat (APT), attackers may steal a large number of core private keys at once, causing a devastating blow to the security of the entire system. In addition, the centralized storage of private keys also makes it a high-value attack target, resulting in huge defense pressure.

[0004] (2) Threats of eavesdropping and tampering during transmission: Private keys or their fragments need to be transmitted between institutions in different geographical locations during the generation, distribution, backup, and recovery processes. Traditional encrypted transmission channels based on classical cryptography (such as RSA and AES) are theoretically unable to resist attacks from future quantum computers (such as Shor's algorithm), posing a long-term threat of "eavesdropping now, decryption in the future." At the same time, classical channels may also be subject to active man-in-the-middle attacks, resulting in keys being tampered with during transmission without being easily detected.

[0005] (3) Limitations of Access Control and Operation Auditing: Existing access control mechanisms based on usernames / passwords, digital certificates, or even single biometrics are still susceptible to breaches when faced with collusion among insiders, advanced social engineering attacks, or biometric spoofing. The use of private keys lacks real-time consensus verification by multiple parties and factors, resulting in excessive concentration of power. Operation logs are typically stored in centralized databases, which are at risk of being tampered with or deleted by administrators, leading to insufficient credibility for auditing and accountability.

[0006] (4) Lag in emergency response and disaster recovery: When the system detects abnormal access behavior (such as frequent attempts or unconventional IP logins), it can usually only take "soft" measures such as logical blocking and alarms, which are slow to respond and cannot prevent malicious reading by physically connected devices. In extreme cases (such as facing a physical takeover threat), the lack of a one-click "shock" or "self-destruct" mechanism cannot ensure that the private key is destroyed rather than falling into the hands of the enemy. At the same time, under extreme conditions such as quantum network interruption and natural disasters, the lack of reliable and controllable offline emergency operation plans may affect the continuity of critical government services.

[0007] To address these challenges, existing technologies are exploring the integration of quantum key distribution (QKD) and secret sharing with blockchain. QKD, based on quantum mechanics, can theoretically achieve unconditionally secure key distribution, effectively preventing eavesdropping. Secret sharing technology can divide private keys into multiple fragments for distributed storage, reducing the risk of single-point leakage. However, existing solutions often simply stack these technologies together, lacking a deeply integrated, systematic design for high-security government scenarios. Specifically, this manifests in: a lack of private key generation mechanisms deeply bound to biometrics and institutional permissions; a lack of mandatory multi-party consensus and real-time monitoring in the storage and use of key fragments; monitoring and response mechanisms failing to deeply integrate with physical security devices (such as circuit breakers), resulting in delayed responses; and insufficient consideration of the overall solution's robustness and controllability in extreme emergency scenarios.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need to invent a government quantum blockchain private key management system and method that deeply integrates quantum security technology, distributed storage, multi-party consensus, and physical hard circuit breakers. This system should construct a multi-layered, proactive, rapid-response, auditable, and emergency-response-capable ultimate security framework throughout the entire lifecycle of the private key (generation, distribution, storage, use, monitoring, emergency response, and destruction) to meet the highest national requirements for sovereignty, control, and security of core government data and business. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a distributed management system and method for government quantum blockchain private keys. By integrating four-party biometric identification, quantum key distribution network, (4,6) threshold secret sharing, multi-party consensus verification, and real-time monitoring with physical circuit breaker mechanism, it realizes full life-cycle security management of government private keys, ensures the non-repudiation and integrity of private key generation, storage, and use, and can physically circuit breaker at the millisecond level when abnormalities such as illegal access from abroad are detected, thereby fundamentally defending against network attacks and internal tampering risks, and ensuring the security and trustworthiness of key operations on the national government blockchain.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, this invention employs the following technical solution: a government quantum blockchain private key distributed management system and method. Its core lies in the private key generation center being located in an independent physical space, isolated from the external network. Internally, it is equipped with four separate biometric data collection units, including but not limited to fingerprint, iris, voiceprint, and palm vein recognition devices, operated by four authorized personnel from different functional departments. A multi-party consensus verification module incorporates a coordination protocol. When initiating critical operation commands, it sends verification requests to at least four preset distributed nodes. Authorized personnel at each node must complete biometric authentication locally. After successful verification, the module establishes a temporary encrypted channel through the quantum key distribution network, coordinating the transmission of encrypted private key fragments to a designated secure computing environment in a predetermined order. A real-time monitoring module is directly connected to the hardware of each node, continuously collecting data such as network traffic, access sources, operation frequency, and key call behavior, and comparing this data with a preset security policy rule base. Once a behavior matching an anomaly pattern in the policy library is detected, the monitoring module will send a high-priority instruction to the physical fuse of the corresponding node. This device typically contains programmable logic circuits and a one-time physical fuse. Upon receiving the instruction, it immediately applies a high current, blowing the fuse and permanently disrupting the circuit connectivity of the node's key storage and computing core modules, thus achieving physical-level access blocking.

[0011] Furthermore, after the private key seed is generated, a dedicated security algorithm module within the private key generation center uses this seed as the original secret and, through a defined algorithm process, calculates six distinct private key fragments. These six fragments are transmitted and stored separately on six distributed nodes located in different geographical locations and belonging to different management units. Under this scheme, no single, two, or three private key fragments can be used to derive any valid information about the original private key seed. Only by combining private key fragments from four or more different nodes and inputting them into a specified secret reconstruction algorithm can the original private key seed be fully recovered, thereby deriving a usable operational private key. This design ensures decentralized key control, avoiding single points of failure and excessive concentration of power.

[0012] Furthermore, the real-time monitoring module integrates a precise IP address geographic information database and parsing engine. This module performs source analysis on all network requests attempting to establish connections with distributed nodes or send private key-related operation commands to the nodes. By matching the request's source IP address with the geographic information database, if the IP address's geographic location is determined to belong to a country or region outside the sovereign jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China, the monitoring module immediately marks this request as a highest-level threat. Subsequently, the module generates a specific digital circuit breaker command, which is sent directly to the physical circuit breaker device built into the distributed node receiving the overseas request via a dedicated, high-priority internal control line. Once triggered, the device's control circuit drives a high-power pulse current through a preset physical fuse. The fuse overheats and melts, causing a permanent physical circuit break in the power supply circuit of the node's core cryptographic unit or critical data pathways. This completely deprives the node of its ability to read stored private key fragments and participate in subsequent consensus, forcibly removing it from the system.

[0013] Furthermore, the system equips the pre-defined highest-authority management authority (such as the national cryptography management department or a designated emergency command center) with an independent, physically isolated emergency control terminal. This terminal is connected to the system's core control module via a dedicated line. In the event of a major security incident or for national-level emergency response needs, authorized by the head of the highest-authority authority, a global "shock" command, encrypted and verified through multiple layers of encryption, can be issued through this terminal. After verifying the command's complete legitimacy, the system's core control module broadcasts the command to all online distributed nodes via a quantum key distribution network or other pre-defined secure channels. Upon receiving the command, each node's internal security chip immediately clears all stored private key fragments from the volatile operation cache and locks all functional interfaces related to private key generation, reconstruction, and signing, putting the node into a silent state that only receives, does not process, and does not respond to any private key operation requests. Simultaneously, all nodes' external service ports retain only minimal status query functions. This mode is reversible; it can only be unlocked by a specific unlock command issued by the highest-authority authority and after a more complex multi-factor authentication process.

[0014] Furthermore, to address extreme situations that render the quantum key distribution network or primary management system unavailable, the system is designed with a degradation emergency procedure. Upon authorized confirmation under specific emergency conditions, the system can activate offline mode. In this mode, the private key generation center generates a set of temporary quantum private keys specifically for emergency use based on a preset algorithm. This temporary key is written into a specially designed secure physical medium, typically an encrypted chip card or dedicated storage device with anti-physical detection, anti-tampering, and self-destruct capabilities. The physical medium containing the temporary key is distributed to multiple pre-designated, geographically dispersed emergency operation terminals via secure transmission methods such as confidential transport or armed escort. When the key is needed, the operator inserts the physical medium into their local terminal, which reads the key in a completely offline environment and performs cryptographic operations within its local secure chip. All usage records are stored offline on the medium or in the terminal, and are then securely imported into the auditing system after the main system recovers.

[0015] Furthermore, the quantum key distribution network upon which the system relies employs high-bandwidth quantum optical communication technology at the physical layer, connecting the private key generation center, distributed nodes, and consensus verification modules via its backbone communication links. Specifically, the effective key generation and transmission rate of the link is no less than 1 gigabit per second (1 Gbit / s) during the distribution and transmission of quantum random numbers (as key material). This high-speed design aims to meet the needs of large-scale government scenarios, including frequent key fragment synchronization, consensus message broadcasting, and real-time monitoring data stream transmission, ensuring system response efficiency and real-time performance under high-concurrency, high-traffic scenarios, and preventing key distribution delays from becoming a system performance bottleneck.

[0016] Furthermore, the management method is implemented in the following specific steps: First, under the supervision of the highest authority, four authorized personnel simultaneously complete identity authentication at the private key generation center using their respective independent biometric devices. After successful authentication, the system triggers a quantum random number generator to generate a high-entropy random number, which serves as the quantum private key seed.

[0017] Secondly, the seed is divided into a predetermined number of fragments using a threshold secret sharing algorithm. Each fragment is encrypted using a one-time pad encryption key generated in real time by quantum key distribution technology, forming a ciphertext fragment.

[0018] These encrypted fragments are sent point-to-point via a quantum key distribution network to distributed nodes pre-deployed in different regions across the country. Upon receiving the fragments, the nodes decrypt and store them in their local secure environments.

[0019] When critical government operations are required, such as signing important data or approving permissions, the initiating party must submit a request to the multi-party consensus verification module.

[0020] The verification module then sends consensus participation instructions to no fewer than four pre-defined distributed nodes. Upon receiving the instructions, each node's local operator must complete biometric login authentication.

[0021] After authentication, each node transmits its stored private key fragments to a designated, temporarily generated secure computing container via an independent quantum key distribution channel.

[0022] Inside the container, after a sufficient number of fragments are collected, a reconstruction algorithm is run to recover the original private key seed, and an operation private key is generated to complete the signing. Then, all temporary key materials inside the container are immediately destroyed.

[0023] Meanwhile, the real-time monitoring module continuously analyzes network traffic and node logs. Once it identifies abnormal access from overseas IPs or abnormal behavior sequences as defined in the rule base, the monitoring module will complete the judgment, generate instructions, and trigger the physical circuit breaker mechanism of the corresponding node within a time threshold of 0.18 seconds.

[0024] Finally, all the above steps, including private key generation, splitting, transmission, consensus requests, biometric authentication events, fragment exchange, signature operations, and circuit breaker triggering, are automatically recorded by the system as structured audit logs. These log data, after being hashed, are submitted to the government quantum blockchain network and packaged into the blockchain ledger as immutable transaction records for post-event auditing and traceability.

[0025] Furthermore, the master key derived from the initial quantum private key seed can serve as the root key. Based on different application scenarios and permission levels, a series of specialized operation keys with varying functions can be generated through a defined key derivation function. For example, the "atomic clock hard-write key" is used for encrypted signing and verification of critical configuration parameters in high-precision timekeeping systems (such as facilities related to the BeiDou system), ensuring the time source is not tampered with. The "taint scoring key" is used in government integrity or regulatory systems to perform encrypted marking and score accumulation operations on specific behaviors or entities. The "funding circuit breaker key" is used in financial supervision or treasury payment systems to authorize emergency control commands that trigger or stop large-scale fund flows. The "Nine Heavens Light Control Key" may be used for signing control commands for specific important public facilities or warning systems. The scope, permissions, and procedures for each specialized key are strictly defined by independent policy contracts.

[0026] Furthermore, the core hardware of each distributed node includes one or more dedicated cryptographic security chips approved by the national cryptographic management department. This chip has an independent processor, cryptographic coprocessor, and physically protected storage area. Ciphertext of encrypted private key fragments received from the quantum key distribution network is directly fed into this cryptographic chip. The chip first decrypts the fragments using the stored quantum session key, ensuring the plaintext private key fragments remain confined to the chip's physically secure area. When private key reconstruction or signing operations are required, the necessary private key fragments (either transmitted in ciphertext or temporarily stored after decryption within the chip) interact and are computed only within the chip's secure memory. The complete private key seed is instantaneously reconstructed within the chip and immediately used to derive the operation private key and complete cryptographic operations. At no time will the plaintext form of the private key seed or the complete operation private key appear in system memory, hard disk, or any other external storage medium outside of this dedicated cryptographic chip, thus fundamentally defending against hardware attacks based on memory reads.

[0027] Furthermore, the core logic and rules of the aforementioned distributed private key management, including four-party biometric triggering conditions, threshold scheme parameters, consensus verification process, monitoring and circuit breaker rules, and audit log format, are transformed into deterministic computer program code, i.e., smart contracts. After rigorous testing and formal verification, these smart contracts are deployed on the specific blockchain platform of the Government Quantum Chain. Once deployed, the execution process of the contract is guaranteed by the blockchain network consensus mechanism, making it difficult for a single participant to tamper with. Simultaneously, the smart contract is designed with standardized data interfaces that conform to national standards. Through these interfaces, the system can securely push or authorize authorized queries to the data platforms of nationally designated regulatory agencies (such as the State Cryptography Administration's regulatory platform and the Ministry of Public Security's cybersecurity regulatory platform) according to predetermined formats and encryption protocols, enabling regulatory agencies to conduct real-time supervision and post-event audits of the system's operational compliance and security.

[0028] This invention provides a distributed management system and method for government quantum blockchain private keys, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This system significantly enhances the security and controllability of core government data operations. By dividing the quantum private key into multiple fragments and utilizing a (4,6) threshold secret sharing scheme, it ensures that even if some nodes are compromised, attackers cannot obtain the complete private key. The multi-party consensus verification mechanism requires at least four geographically dispersed nodes to operate collaboratively. Any single node's failure, downtime, or even malicious behavior will prevent the unilateral completion of critical government operations such as data decryption and the issuance of sensitive instructions. This fundamentally eliminates the risk of state secret leaks or system loss of control due to single-point failures or abuse of power by individual personnel, providing an unbreakable multi-layered guarantee for the transmission and execution of high-level government instructions.

[0029] 2. This system establishes a highly efficient and accurate real-time proactive threat defense and physical isolation mechanism. The real-time monitoring module continuously analyzes the source, behavior patterns, and system status of all private key access requests. In particular, it has a preset automatic circuit breaker strategy for specific high-risk threats (such as abnormal access originating from abroad), which can trigger the physical circuit breaker of the target node in a very short time (within 0.18 seconds), permanently disabling the node through irreversible physical damage (such as blowing a fuse). This mechanism goes beyond traditional software-level "logical isolation" or "access denial," achieving the physical eradication of confirmed threat carriers, effectively preventing the lateral penetration and incubation of advanced persistent threats, and ensuring that threats are completely physically isolated in their nascent stage.

[0030] 3. The system provides highly flexible and hierarchically structured emergency command and business continuity assurance capabilities. It not only features node circuit breaking for localized risks but also supports a global "one-click shutdown" command initiated by the highest-authority authority. In the event of a national emergency, this command can instantly suspend private key-related operations on all distributed nodes across the entire system, rapidly freezing potential risks. Simultaneously, in response to potential extreme network outages, the system supports switching to a fully offline "local execution mode," distributing and using temporary keys via secure physical media. This combination of "global silence" and "offline emergency response" ensures full controllability from normal to various abnormal situations, guaranteeing the survival and limited recovery of core government functions under extreme conditions.

[0031] 4. This system achieves closed-loop security and trusted audit traceability throughout the entire key process. From the generation of the private key seed, it requires independent biometric verification from four parties at the highest level, laying the foundation for the authenticity of the operator's identity. The storage, transmission (encrypted via QKD), and use of all private key fragments (completed within a dedicated cryptographic chip) ensure that plaintext private keys are never exposed to the memory of a general computing environment. More importantly, all critical events in private key management, from fragment calls and consensus verification to circuit breaker triggering, generate immutable audit logs and store them on the blockchain. This constructs a complete and trusted chain of evidence from personnel identity and key status to operational behavior, providing a solid data foundation for subsequent security audits, accountability, and process optimization.

[0032] 5. This system promotes standardized and integrated supervision of cross-level and cross-departmental government collaboration. By encapsulating core management logic into smart contracts and deploying them on the government quantum blockchain, all participating nodes must collaborate according to pre-defined, transparent rules, eliminating risks arising from discrepancies in human interpretation or execution. The system's pre-defined standard interface for connecting with national regulatory agencies' data platforms allows regulators to obtain necessary regulatory data legally and compliantly without interfering with the system's normal operation, achieving effective external oversight. This helps break down "data silos" and "management chimneys," providing a feasible key technological framework for building a nationwide, integrated, and highly efficient government data security governance system while ensuring top-level security. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the core components and initialization process of the system of this invention. Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the private key recovery and consensus operation of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the real-time monitoring and circuit breaker triggering process of this invention. Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the emergency mode switching process of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the entire lifecycle and auditing process of the private key in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses consistent with some aspects of this disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] How to use: I. System Startup and Private Key Generation 1. Initial Setup: The highest-authority authority initiates the private key generation center in a secure, isolated environment. Four authorized operators must be present simultaneously and complete identity authentication using integrated, independent biometric devices (such as iris or fingerprint scanners).

[0038] 2. Seed Generation: After successful four-party authentication, the system collaboratively generates a unique "quantum private key seed." This seed is the source of all subsequent dedicated keys (such as atomic clock hard-write keys, taint scoring keys, etc.).

[0039] 3. Key Segmentation and Distribution: The system automatically adopts a (4,6) threshold secret sharing scheme to divide the private key seed into 6 fragments. Subsequently, these 6 fragments are encrypted and transmitted to 6 pre-deployed distributed nodes in different geographical locations across the country for secure storage via a quantum key distribution (QKD) network with a transmission rate of no less than 1 Gbit / s.

[0040] II. Routine Government Affairs Operations and Signature Process When critical government operations are required (such as the issuance of important policy documents or the approval of major funds), the private key must be temporarily reconstructed for digital signature according to the following procedure: 1. Initiate consensus request: The operation initiator submits a request to the multi-party consensus verification module.

[0041] 2. Multi-party authentication: The system randomly assigns operators from at least four distributed nodes as required by the pre-plan. These operators must complete biometric authentication locally on their respective nodes.

[0042] 3. Fragment Transmission and Reconstruction: After successful authentication, each node transmits its private key fragments to the consensus verification module via a secure QKD channel. Once all fragments are collected, the complete private key is reconstructed within a dedicated cryptographic chip inside the module. Important Note: The plaintext private key exists only momentarily within the chip and is never exposed to external memory.

[0043] 4. Signature and Destruction: After completing the digital signature operation using the reconstructed private key, the chip immediately destroys the complete private key reconstructed this time, and each fragment is returned to the original storage node.

[0044] III. Safety Monitoring and Emergency Response The system operation is fully guaranteed by a real-time monitoring module, and it has both automatic and manual emergency mechanisms: 1. Automatic Circuit Breaker: The real-time monitoring module continuously analyzes access logs. Once abnormal behavior such as private key access requests originating from overseas IP addresses is detected, the system will automatically send a circuit breaker signal to the target node within 0.18 seconds, triggering its physical circuit breaker device (such as blowing a fuse), permanently disabling the node and preventing key leakage.

[0045] 2. Active Shock: When facing major security threats or carrying out special national-level missions, the highest-authority agency can issue an instruction to trigger all distributed nodes to enter "shock mode" with one click, suspending all private key-related operations and freezing the system.

[0046] 3. Emergency Offline Mode: When the quantum network is unavailable or other specific emergency conditions occur, the system can switch to "Offline Quantum Private Key Local Execution Mode." Pre-prepared temporary keys are distributed and used through secure physical media (such as a dedicated encrypted USB key) to ensure uninterrupted government operations.

[0047] IV. Audit and Management All management events, including private key generation, fragment transmission, consensus signing, and circuit breaker triggering, automatically generate immutable audit logs and simultaneously record them on the government quantum blockchain, forming complete evidence. The system's smart contracts have standard interfaces for connecting with the data platforms of national regulatory agencies, facilitating compliance supervision and audit traceability. Example:

[0048] Example 1: Quantum Private Key Generation and Segmentation Transmission Collaborated with Multi-Party Consensus and Biometrics This embodiment demonstrates the initial generation, secure segmentation, and distribution process of a government quantum blockchain private key. A private key generation center is activated within a secure location designated by the highest-authority authority. The center integrates four independent biometric collection devices, with four authorized officials providing their iris scans, fingerprints, and other multimodal biometric features. After verifying the identities of the four parties, the system collaboratively generates an unpredictable quantum private key seed with quantum randomness. Subsequently, the system's built-in cryptographic algorithm, based on a (4,6) threshold secret sharing scheme, segments the seed into six private key fragments. These fragments are not randomly distributed; instead, the multi-party consensus verification module plans the path and uses a pre-built nationwide quantum key distribution (QKD) network, employing encryption keys generated by the QKD link to encrypt each fragment, ensuring that the transmission process is physically unobservable. The six encrypted private key fragments are then transmitted to distributed nodes deployed in six different geographical administrative regions. Each node is equipped with a dedicated secure cryptographic chip, and the private key fragments are written in ciphertext form into the chip's secure storage area. Therefore, the complete private key never physically exists in any single location, and its complete recovery requires gathering fragments from at least four different nodes.

[0049] Example 2: Private Key Recovery and Signature Operation Process Based on Threshold Scheme This embodiment describes how to use distributed private keys for signing in a normal government approval process. When a government document involving significant financial allocations needs to be signed, the operation request is submitted to the multi-party consensus verification module. The module randomly selects distributed nodes located in four geographical regions (east, west, south, and north) to participate in the operation according to a preset strategy. The four node administrators complete live biometric authentication in front of their respective secure terminals. After successful authentication, the four nodes establish a temporary communication link through a secure QKD channel under the coordination of the multi-party consensus verification module. The secure cryptographic chips of each node internally decrypt their respective private key fragments and transmit the decrypted fragment data (still under chip protection) through a quantum encryption channel to a designated secure computing environment. Inside the dedicated cryptographic chip in this environment, at least four fragments are collected, and a complete private key is reconstructed according to a (4,6) threshold scheme. This key is then immediately used to sign the digital digest of the government document. After signing, the complete private key in the chip's memory is immediately erased, and the signature result is output. Throughout the entire process, the plaintext of the complete private key is never exposed in memory or the network outside the chip; it can only be used once by the collaboration of at least four parties.

[0050] Example 3: Defense Scenario Where Real-Time Monitoring Module Triggers Physical Circuit Breaker This embodiment demonstrates the automatic circuit breaker response of the real-time monitoring module when an advanced threat is detected. The real-time monitoring module continuously analyzes all access request logs to the distributed nodes. One day, the system discovers that one of the distributed nodes has received a series of abnormal private key fragment call requests. Analysis shows that although these requests attempt to use normal protocol interfaces, their source addresses are ultimately determined to originate from a specific IP address range outside the country. Based on its built-in security policy, the real-time monitoring module determines this behavior to be a high-risk intrusion attempt. Within a very short time after detecting this abnormal access, the module automatically generates and sends a high-priority circuit breaker signal to the target node. Upon receiving the signal, the node's hardware security circuit immediately triggers the physical circuit breaker device. A preset current instantly passes through the precision fuse structure, causing it to physically burn out. This circuit breaker behavior is unidirectional and irreversible, directly causing the node's storage and computing functions to permanently fail. The single private key fragment stored inside is then physically isolated and can no longer be called. At the same time, a system alarm is reported, but because a (4,6) threshold scheme is used, the loss of one fragment does not affect the overall availability of the system, and the other five nodes can still ensure at least four-party consensus.

[0051] Example 4: Execution of one-click shock mode under the command of the highest authority This embodiment illustrates the system's global emergency response capabilities in the face of a major national security incident. For example, when a large-scale, coordinated cyberattack signal is detected targeting critical national information infrastructure, potentially threatening the key management system, the highest-authority agency, after security assessment and authorization decisions, decides to activate the highest level of protection. Authorized officials, after dual authentication via a dedicated hardware token and biometrics at the control center, initiate a "global shock" command. This command is instantly broadcast to all distributed nodes via a protected independent channel. Upon receiving the command, each node's internal security chip immediately executes a predetermined program: suspending all external private key fragment access requests, halting all operations involving private key fragments, and entering a deep hibernation state, maintaining only minimal physical security and communication monitoring functions. At this time, the entire government quantum blockchain's private key management system is in a "shock" state, and any external attempt to obtain the private key cannot be responded to. This mode provides a time window for security analysis, threat investigation, and physical intervention until the highest authority issues a recovery command.

[0052] Example 5: Offline Quantum Private Key Local Execution Mode under Emergency Conditions This embodiment describes the process of switching the system to emergency operating mode in extreme situations, such as a large-scale, prolonged outage of the quantum key distribution network or a physical risk to critical infrastructure. Once specific emergency conditions are confirmed, the highest-authority body authorizes the activation of the offline quantum private key local execution mode. In this mode, the system does not use dynamic private key fragments in online nodes, but instead relies on an emergency physical medium prepared in advance through the highest security level procedures. This medium (such as a specially designed cryptographic card) stores a temporary key derived from the quantum private key seed. The medium is distributed to a designated secure location via absolutely reliable armed escort or other physical methods. During emergency government operations, operators, in a physically isolated and shielded environment, insert the medium into a dedicated offline signing device. After multi-factor authentication, the temporary key in the medium can be used to complete the signing operation. All operations are completed locally offline, completely physically isolated from the online network. Afterwards, the temporary key and medium are destroyed according to prescribed procedures, and after the network is restored, the online system updates the key status based on this emergency event log to ensure forward security of the key.

[0053] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A distributed management system and method for government quantum blockchain private keys, characterized by: It includes a private key generation center connected via a quantum key distribution network, multiple geographically dispersed distributed nodes, a multi-party consensus verification module, and a real-time monitoring module equipped with a physical circuit breaker. The private key generation center integrates four independent biometric devices for generating quantum private key seeds. The distributed nodes are used to securely store private key fragments. The multi-party consensus verification module is used to verify the identities of at least four parties and coordinate the transmission of key fragments during critical operations. The real-time monitoring module is used to detect abnormal access and trigger a physical circuit breaker.

2. The government quantum blockchain private key distributed management system and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The storage of the private key fragments adopts a (4,6) threshold secret sharing scheme. The recovery of the complete private key requires the collection of at least 4 private key fragments scattered across different nodes.

3. The government quantum blockchain private key distributed management system and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The real-time monitoring module is configured to automatically send a fuse-breaking signal to the target node when it detects a private key access request originating from an overseas IP address, thereby burning out its fuse and permanently disabling the node.

4. The government quantum blockchain private key distributed management system and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system supports issuing commands from the highest authority to trigger all distributed nodes into shock mode with a single click, suspending all private key-related operations.

5. The government quantum blockchain private key distributed management system and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system supports switching to offline quantum private key local execution mode under specific emergency conditions, distributing and using temporary keys through secure physical media.

6. The government quantum blockchain private key distributed management system and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission rate of the quantum key distribution link in the system is no less than 1 Gbit / s.

7. A distributed management method for private keys in a government quantum blockchain, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A quantum private key seed is generated through collaborative four-party biometric identification by the highest-level institution. The private key seed is divided into multiple fragments using a threshold scheme and then encrypted and transmitted to a distributed node storage network across the country using quantum key distribution technology. Any critical government operation requires consensus from at least four nodes. Each node operator must complete biometric authentication and exchange key fragments through the QKD channel to temporarily reconstruct the private key signature. Real-time monitoring of the status of each node, triggering a physical circuit breaker within 0.18 seconds for overseas access and abnormal call behavior; All private key management events generate audit logs and are stored on the blockchain for evidence.

8. The government quantum blockchain private key distributed management system and management method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The private key seed is used to generate at least one or more of the following special keys: atomic clock write-off key, taint scoring key, funding circuit breaker key, and Jiuxiao lamp control key.

9. The government quantum blockchain private key distributed management system and management method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The distributed nodes have a built-in dedicated cryptographic chip. All encryption, decryption, reconstruction, and signing operations of private key fragments are completed inside the chip, and the plaintext private key does not appear in the external memory of the chip.

10. The government quantum blockchain private key distributed management system and management method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method is written as a smart contract and deployed on the government quantum blockchain, and has a standard interface for connecting with the data platform of national regulatory agencies.

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