Automatic disassembling device for photovoltaic back plate

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic photovoltaic back plate disassembling device which comprises a feeding mechanism, a compaction and segmentation assembly, a heating table, a material receiving bin, a portal frame, a first material forking mechanism, a second material forking mechanism, a first translation assembly and a second translation assembly. The heating table heats the photovoltaic panel to soften the EVA adhesive film layer and enable the back plate to be thermally shrunk to expand the pre-scribed seam, the receiving bin collects the shoveled back plate, the portal frame is provided with the forking mechanism, and the translation assembly drives the forking mechanism to translate; and the forking mechanism comprises a lifting assembly, inclined forking plates and an air blowing assembly, the two inclined forking plates can compact the photovoltaic panel and are inserted between the back plates on the two sides of the pre-scribing seam and the EVA adhesive film layer in a crossed mode along the pre-scribing seam, and the stripped back plates on the two sides are blown into the receiving bin through the air blowing assembly. The mode of pre-scribing, heating and stripping is adopted, the back plate cannot be ground, no dust is generated, and environmental pollution and harm to the health of operators are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic panel recycling equipment technology, and in particular to an automatic dismantling device for photovoltaic backsheets. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous growth of photovoltaic power generation capacity, early-operated photovoltaic modules are gradually entering their concentrated retirement period, making the resource utilization of retired photovoltaic modules increasingly prominent. Photovoltaic modules contain various recyclable materials such as glass, aluminum frames, silicon solar cells, copper, silver, and polymer encapsulation materials. If effective dismantling and sorting for recycling cannot be achieved, it will not only lead to resource waste but may also have adverse effects on the ecological environment. Therefore, the efficient and green dismantling and recycling of retired photovoltaic modules has become a crucial issue urgently needing to be addressed in the field of photovoltaic recycling.

[0003] In existing crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, the backsheet is typically located on the back of the module, laminated with the cells, encapsulating film, and glass, providing insulation, moisture protection, weather resistance, and mechanical protection. Backsheets are mostly multi-layered composite structures, with common materials including fluorinated polymers, polyester materials, and their composite films. Due to the tight bond between the backsheet and the encapsulating film, and the aging, embrittlement, or localized adhesion strengthening of the materials after long-term outdoor service, the backsheet is often difficult to peel off completely and quickly from the module body during the dismantling of retired modules. If the backsheet cannot be effectively peeled off, it will directly affect the purity and recycling efficiency of the subsequent sorting of glass, cells, and other materials.

[0004] Current methods for removing backsheets from retired photovoltaic modules mainly include manual tearing, mechanical scraping, thermal treatment separation, and chemical-assisted stripping. Manual tearing is labor-intensive, inefficient, and poorly adaptable to backsheets with varying degrees of aging. While mechanical scraping can improve processing efficiency to some extent, it is prone to causing backsheet residue, glass scratches, encapsulation layer damage, or cell breakage, which is detrimental to subsequent high-value recycling. Thermal treatment typically requires heating the entire module, resulting in high energy consumption, stringent process control requirements, and the potential generation of volatile organic compounds. Chemical-assisted stripping, on the other hand, presents challenges related to reagent consumption, wastewater treatment, and environmental safety.

[0005] In addition, existing backplate peeling equipment has the following shortcomings in practical applications: First, there is a lack of effective coordinated control over parameters such as backplate traction force, clamping force, heating temperature and peeling speed during the peeling process, which can easily lead to problems such as backplate breakage, incomplete peeling or damage to the substrate; Second, the degree of automation is not high, and a lot of manual intervention is still required for feeding, positioning and separation, which is not conducive to continuous and large-scale operations; Third, the dust, debris and residual adhesive generated during the peeling process are not easy to collect, which affects the stability of equipment operation and the working environment.

[0006] Therefore, we provide a device with an automatic photovoltaic backsheet disassembly function. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention aims to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art and provides an automatic photovoltaic backsheet disassembly device. It can first make longitudinal pre-slits on the surface of the backsheet, then soften the EVA film layer by heating, and at the same time, the backsheet undergoes thermal shrinkage deformation, making the pre-slits larger. Finally, it uses double diagonal forks set in a cross configuration to press down, and the tips of the diagonal forks are precisely embedded in the interface layer between the backsheet and the EVA film layer along the pre-slits to achieve backsheet peeling. The automatic disassembly device of this invention does not grind the backsheet, generates no dust, and reduces environmental pollution and health hazards to operators.

[0008] The technical solution of this invention is: an automatic photovoltaic backsheet disassembly device, comprising a feeding mechanism, a compaction and segmentation component, a heating table, a receiving bin, a gantry frame, a first forklift mechanism, a second forklift mechanism, a first translation component, and a second translation component; the feeding mechanism is used to transport photovoltaic panels; the compaction and segmentation component is located above the feeding mechanism and is used to compact the photovoltaic panels and pre-score the backsheet; the heating table is located at the output end of the feeding mechanism and is used to heat the photovoltaic panels to soften the EVA film layer and cause the backsheet to undergo thermal shrinkage deformation, thereby expanding the pre-score; the receiving bin has two bins, respectively located on both sides of the heating table, for collecting the removed backsheets; the gantry frame is located above the heating table and the receiving bin, for... The first forklift mechanism and the second forklift mechanism are installed, and the first translation component and the second translation component respectively drive the first forklift mechanism and the second forklift mechanism to translate. The first forklift mechanism and the second forklift mechanism are respectively located on both sides above the heating table, and are used to remove the back plates on both sides of the pre-cut groove of the photovoltaic panel. The first forklift mechanism and the second forklift mechanism each include a lifting component, a slanted fork plate and a blowing component on the lifting component. The slanted fork plate of the two forklift mechanisms can compact the photovoltaic panel and insert it crosswise between the back plates on both sides of the pre-cut groove and the EVA film layer. The peeled back plates on both sides are blown into the receiving bin on the corresponding side by the corresponding blowing component.

[0009] Furthermore, the feeding mechanism described in this invention includes a feeding frame, a conveyor belt disposed on the feeding frame, and the compaction and dividing component is disposed above the end of the conveyor belt.

[0010] Furthermore, the compaction and dividing assembly of the present invention includes a front support frame, a roller disposed on the front support frame, a rear support frame, and a blade clamp disposed on the rear support frame. Both ends of the front support frame and the rear support frame are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the feeder frame. Fixed plates are respectively provided on the top two sides of the front support frame. A knob is provided on the fixed plate. A slider is threaded to the bottom end of the knob. The slider is slidably connected to the front support frame. Both ends of the roller are rotatably connected to the two sliders respectively. The blade clamp is disposed on the rear side of the roller. The blade clamp is fixedly connected to the rear support frame. A blade is disposed on the blade clamp.

[0011] Furthermore, the heating platform in this invention is provided with limiting baffles on both sides, and a temperature regulating device is provided on the heating platform, the temperature regulating device including an embedded temperature control module and a digital display panel.

[0012] Furthermore, the receiving bin of the present invention includes an outer bin body and an inner box disposed within the outer bin body, the inner box being detachably connected to the outer bin body, and the top of the inner box having an opening.

[0013] Furthermore, in this invention, the front and rear sides of the top of the gantry frame are respectively provided with first slide rails, and the first slide rails are provided with sliding members. Two first crossbeams are slidably installed between the first slide rails on both sides. The two ends of the first crossbeams are respectively provided with connecting plates. The connecting plates are connected to the sliding members. The first translation component and the second translation component both include a rodless cylinder provided on the top of the gantry frame and a movable support plate connected to the output end of the rodless cylinder. The movable support plate is connected to the first crossbeam.

[0014] Furthermore, in this invention, the first forklift mechanism and the second forklift mechanism are respectively mounted on two first crossbeams. The lifting components of the first forklift mechanism and the second forklift mechanism each include a second slide rail, a second crossbeam slidably mounted on the second slide rail, and a motor guide rail module connected to drive the second crossbeam. The air blowing component is located at one end of the slanted fork plate, and the air blowing component is connected to the second crossbeam. The slanted fork plate is inclined.

[0015] Furthermore, the air blowing assembly of the present invention includes an air knife, an air inlet and an air outlet disposed on the air knife, and the air outlet has a plurality of outlets, which are spaced apart and arranged toward the peeling direction, and the air outlets are flat.

[0016] Furthermore, in this invention, the second crossbeam is provided with a connecting hole, and the air knife is connected to the connecting hole via a connecting rod.

[0017] Furthermore, the slanted fork plate in this invention includes a plate body and a plurality of spaced forks disposed on the plate body. There is a clearance opening between two adjacent forks to allow the forks of another slanted fork plate to pass. Each fork plate has a feeler gauge at its bottom end, the feeler gauge being made of a flexible material. The upper surface of the fork plate is also provided with a protruding limiter.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1) The disassembly device of the present invention can first use a blade to make longitudinal pre-slits on the surface of the back plate, and then use a heating table to heat soften the EVA material connecting the back plate and the battery cell. At the same time, the back plate undergoes thermal shrinkage and deformation due to heating, and the pre-slits become larger. Then, the motor guide rail module drives the slant plate to press down, and the rodless cylinder pushes the tip of the slant plate to accurately embed into the interface layer between the back plate and the EVA film along the pre-slits, thereby achieving peeling. In this way, the back plate is not ground, no dust is generated, and environmental pollution and health hazards to operators are reduced. 2) In this invention, the height of the roller of the compaction and segmentation component can be adjusted in the vertical direction to adapt to the compaction requirements of photovoltaic panels of different thicknesses; 3) In this invention, the limiting baffles on both sides of the heating platform limit the photovoltaic panel and prevent the photovoltaic panel from moving laterally. The height of the limiting baffles is set to 1cm, so as not to block the movement path of the slanted fork plate and to prevent the slanted fork plate from colliding with the heating platform. 4) In this invention, the heating table can precisely control the table surface temperature at 110-120℃ for 30-60 seconds through a temperature adjustment device, causing the backing material to thermally shrink and simultaneously soften the EVA film layer, with precise control of heating temperature and time. 5) In this invention, the rodless cylinder and the motor guide rail module can work together to drive the slant plate to move smoothly. After the slant plate is completely peeled off from the back plate, the motor guide rail module drives the slant plate to move upward by 3cm, so that the slant plate is separated from the back plate contact surface on the photovoltaic plate. This avoids the slant plate scraping the peeled area during the resetting process. After the back plate is completely peeled off, it is blown off with an air knife, which effectively avoids the back plate sticking to the slant plate due to residual EVA on the back plate, thus affecting work efficiency. 6) In this invention, the structure of the slanted fork plate is specially designed. The thickness of the feeler gauge at the bottom of the slanted fork plate is set to 0.5mm. The angle formed between the feeler gauge and the photovoltaic panel is 20-30°. Because the feeler gauge is a flexible material, it can deform and approach the angle of the photovoltaic panel when it is pressed down. It is also easier to insert it directly between the back plate and the EVA film. The fork bar at the rear of the feeler gauge is a rigid structure, which can play a good supporting role. The protruding limiter on the fork bar can help to make the peeled back plate wrinkle and not stick to the slanted fork plate as a whole. It is also more convenient for the air knife to apply directional airflow along the peeling path to blow away the back plate. 7) In this invention, the installation angle of the air knife is consistent with the peeling angle of the back plate, and the flat air outlet is set towards the peeling direction, which can effectively blow the removed back plate into the receiving bin. 8) In this invention, the receiving bin is designed as a detachable structure of outer bin body and inner box. The inner box is made of plastic and is used to collect the back plate, and is easy to replace. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the compaction and segmentation component described in this invention; Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the heating platform described in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the second translation component in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the lifting assembly described in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the slanted fork plate and the air blowing assembly described in this invention.

[0020] in: 1. Feeding mechanism; 101. Feeding frame; 102. Conveyor belt; 2. Compacting and dividing assembly; 201. Front support frame; 202. Roller; 203. Rear support frame; 204. Blade clamp; 205. Fixing plate; 206. Knob; 207. Slider; 208. Blade; 3. Heating platform; 301. Limit baffle; 302. Embedded temperature control module; 303. Digital display panel; 4. Receiving bin; 5. Gantry frame; 501. First slide rail; 5011. Sliding component; 502. First crossbeam; 5021. Connecting plate; 6. First forklift mechanism; 7. Second forklift mechanism; 8. First translation component; 9. Second translation component; 10. Lifting assembly; 1001. Second slide rail; 1002. Second crossbeam; 1002a. Connecting hole; 1003. Motor guide rail module; 11. Angled fork plate; 1101. Plate body; 1102. Fork bar; 1103. Clearance opening; 1104. Feeler gauge; 1105. Limiter; 12. Air blowing assembly; 1201. Air knife; 1202. Air inlet; 1203. Air outlet; 13. Rodless cylinder; 14. Moving pallet; 15. Connecting rod; A. Photovoltaic panel; A0. Slit. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Example: The accompanying drawings illustrate a specific embodiment of an automatic photovoltaic backsheet disassembly device according to the present invention. Figure 1 The device mainly includes a feeding mechanism 1, a compaction and dividing assembly 2, a heating table 3, a receiving bin 4, a gantry frame 5, a first forklift mechanism 6, a second forklift mechanism 7, a first translation assembly 8, and a second translation assembly 9.

[0023] The feeding mechanism 1 is used to transport photovoltaic panel A. The feeding mechanism 1 specifically includes a feeding frame 101 and a conveyor belt 102 mounted on the feeding frame 101. The conveyor belt 102 transports photovoltaic panel A backward. To ensure that photovoltaic panel A is transported in a straight line, baffles can be installed on both sides of the feeding frame 101 to play a corrective role.

[0024] The compaction and segmentation component 2 is located above the end of the conveyor belt 102 and is used to compact the photovoltaic panel A and make longitudinal slits on the back panel surface.

[0025] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 The compaction and segmentation component 2 specifically includes a front support frame 201, the bottom ends of which are fixedly connected to the sides of the feeding frame 101. The top ends of the front support frame 201 are respectively provided with fixing plates 205, the rear ends of which extend rearward to the rear side of the front support frame 201. Each fixing plate 205 has a knob 206, which is rotatably connected to the rear end of the fixing plate 205. The knob 206 can rotate relative to the fixing plate 205. The bottom end of the knob 206 passes through the fixing plate 205 and is connected to a threaded section. Turning the knob 206 can drive the threaded section to rotate. A slider 207 is threadedly connected to the threaded section. The front side of the slider 207 is slidably connected to the front support frame 201. The sliding is achieved through the cooperation of a slide rail and slider. This sliding structure and method are existing technology and will not be described in detail here. A roller 202 is provided between the two sliders 207 on both sides, and the two ends of the roller 202 are rotatably connected to the rear side of the two sliders 207 respectively. By synchronously rotating the two knobs 206, the sliders 207 on both sides can be driven to rise and fall synchronously, thereby driving the roller 202 to rise and fall in a horizontal position, adjusting its height to meet the compaction requirements of photovoltaic panels A of different thicknesses.

[0026] A rear support frame 203 is provided on the rear side of the front support frame 201. The bottom ends of the rear support frame 203 are fixedly connected to the two sides of the feeding frame 101, respectively. A blade clamp 204 is fixedly connected to the bottom middle part of the rear support frame 203. The blade clamp 204 is located on the rear side of the roller 202. The blade clamp 204 is equipped with blades 208. The blades 208 can perform longitudinal pre-scratching on the back surface of the photovoltaic panel A. After the scratching is completed, the photovoltaic panel A is continued to be conveyed to the heating table 3 by the conveyor belt 102. The scratched groove A0 on the photovoltaic panel A is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0027] The heating table 3 is located at the output end of the feeding mechanism 1. The table surface of the heating table 3 is located at the rear end of the conveyor belt 102. It is used to receive and heat the entire photovoltaic panel A. After the photovoltaic panel A is heated, the EVA film layer softens, and the back panel undergoes thermal shrinkage deformation, thereby expanding the pre-cut seam.

[0028] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 3 Limiting baffles 301 are provided on both sides of the heating platform 3. The height of the limiting baffles 301 is 1cm. The limiting baffles 301 on both sides limit the photovoltaic panel A and prevent the photovoltaic panel A from moving laterally. A temperature regulating device is provided on the rear side of the heating platform 3. The temperature regulating device includes an embedded temperature control module 302 and a digital display panel 303. The embedded temperature control module 302 is used to regulate the heating temperature, and the digital display panel 303 can display the real-time heating temperature. After the photovoltaic panel A is conveyed to the platform of the heating platform 3 by the conveyor belt 102, the platform temperature is precisely controlled at 110-120℃ for 30-60 seconds by the embedded temperature control module 302, so that the back panel material undergoes thermal shrinkage and the EVA film layer softens simultaneously. The heating temperature and time are precisely controlled. To further restrict the position of photovoltaic panel A, a liftable limit stop can be installed on the rear side of heating platform 3. The limit stop is driven by a cylinder to rise and fall. When photovoltaic panel A is sent into heating platform 3, the limit stop rises to prevent photovoltaic panel A from exceeding the heating platform 3. After photovoltaic panel A is processed, the limit stop falls back to its original position to avoid affecting subsequent operations.

[0029] The receiving bin 4 has two compartments, one on each side of the heating platform 3, for collecting the removed back panels from both sides. The receiving bin 4 specifically includes an outer bin and an inner box inside the outer bin. The inner box is detachably connected to the outer bin, allowing for easy replacement. The inner box is made of plastic and has an open top. The back panels fall into the inner box through the open top. After collecting for a period of time, the inner box can be removed and replaced with an empty one.

[0030] The gantry frame 5 is located above the heating platform 3 and the receiving hopper 4, serving as the installation frame.

[0031] Specifically, in combination Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5The gantry frame 5 has first slide rails 501 on its front and rear sides at the top, and four sliding parts 5011 on each of the two first slide rails 501. Two first crossbeams 502 are slidably installed between the first slide rails 501 on both sides. Each end of the first crossbeam 502 has two connecting plates 5021, for a total of four connecting plates 5021. The two first crossbeams 502 are installed in the same way. The four connecting plates 5021 at both ends of the first crossbeam 502 are connected to the two sliding parts 5011 on the first slide rails 501 on both sides, so that the first crossbeams 502 can move horizontally along the first slide rails 501.

[0032] The gantry frame 5 is equipped with a first forklift mechanism 6, a second forklift mechanism 7, a first translation component 8, and a second translation component 9. The first translation component 8 drives the first forklift mechanism 6 to translate, and the second translation component 9 drives the second forklift mechanism 7 to translate.

[0033] Specifically, in combination Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 Both the first translation component 8 and the second translation component 9 include rodless cylinders 13. The two rodless cylinders 13 are diagonally distributed on the top of the gantry frame 5, and are respectively located on the outer sides of the first slide rails 501 on both sides. The rodless cylinders 13 are existing technology and will not be described in detail here. The output ends of both rodless cylinders 13 are connected to movable support plates 14, and the two movable support plates 14 are respectively connected to the sides of the two first crossbeams 502. The rodless cylinders 13 drive the movable support plates 14 to translate, thereby causing the first crossbeams 502 to translate along the first slide rails 501.

[0034] The first forklift mechanism 6 and the second forklift mechanism 7 are respectively located on both sides above the heating table 3. The first forklift mechanism 6 and the second forklift mechanism 7 are respectively installed on the two first crossbeams 502, and are used to remove the back plates on both sides of the pre-cut seam of the photovoltaic panel A.

[0035] Specifically, in combination Figure 1 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 Both the first forklift mechanism 6 and the second forklift mechanism 7 include a lifting assembly 10, a slanted fork plate 11 mounted on the lifting assembly 10, and an air blowing assembly 12. The lifting assembly 10 is mounted on the first crossbeam 502 and specifically includes a vertically arranged second slide rail 1001, a second crossbeam 1002 slidably mounted on the second slide rail 1001, and a motor guide rail module 1003 connecting to and driving the second crossbeam 1002. The motor guide rail module 1003 is prior art and will not be described in detail here. The motor guide rail module 1003 can drive the second crossbeam 1002 to move up and down along the second slide rail 1001.

[0036] The second crossbeam 1002 has two sets of connecting holes 1002a for connecting the air blowing assembly 12. Specifically, the air blowing assembly 12 includes an air knife 1201, and both ends of the air knife 1201 are connected to the two sets of connecting holes 1002a via connecting rods 15, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown. The installation angle of the air knife 1201 is consistent with the peeling angle of the back plate. The air knife 1201 is provided with an air inlet 1202 and an air outlet 1203. An air chamber is provided inside the air knife 1201. The air inlet 1202 and the air outlet 1203 are connected to the air chamber. The air inlet 1202 is used to connect to an external air source. The air enters the air chamber from the air inlet 1202 and is blown out from the air outlet 1203. To ensure uniform blowing, there are several air outlets 1203. The several air outlets 1203 are distributed at intervals and are set towards the peeling direction. The air outlets 1203 are flat and can effectively blow the removed back plate into the receiving bin 4.

[0037] The slanted fork plate 11 is connected to the air blowing assembly 12, and the air knife 1201 is located at the top of the slanted fork plate 11. The slanted fork plate 11 is inclined. Specifically, the slanted fork plate 11 includes a plate body 1101 and a plurality of spaced forks 1102 disposed on the plate body 1101. The plate body 1101 and the forks 1102 are integrally formed, forming a rigid structure that provides good support. There is a clearance opening 1103 between two adjacent forks 1102 to allow other forks 1102 to pass. There is a gap between the upper end of the clearance opening 1103 and the top edge of the plate body 1101, and the lower end of the clearance opening 1103 penetrates the bottom edge of the plate body 1101.

[0038] Each fork 1102 has a feeler gauge 1104 at its bottom end. The feeler gauge 1104 is 0.5mm thick and forms an angle of 20-30° with the photovoltaic panel A. The feeler gauge 1104 is made of a flexible material. Because it is a flexible material, the feeler gauge 1104 can deform to approach the angle of the photovoltaic panel A when it is pressed down, and it is easier to insert it directly between the back sheet and the EVA film. Each fork 1102 has a raised limiter 1105 on its lower upper surface. The limiter 1105 is cylindrical and helps to make the peeled back sheet wrinkle and prevent it from sticking to the fork 11 as a whole. It also makes it easier for the air knife 1201 to apply directional airflow along the peeling path to blow the back sheet away.

[0039] In specific operation, the disassembly device of this invention pushes the photovoltaic panel A backward to below the compaction and segmentation component 2 via the conveyor belt 102. The roller 202 compacts the photovoltaic panel A to prevent displacement, and the roller 202 rotates as the photovoltaic panel A moves. During the movement of the photovoltaic panel A, the blade clamp 204 holds the blade 208 to pre-score the back surface of the photovoltaic panel A longitudinally. At the same time, the conveyor belt 102 continues to transport the photovoltaic panel A to the heating table 3. After the photovoltaic panel A is transported to the table surface of the heating table 3, the embedded temperature control module 302 precisely controls the table surface temperature at 110-120℃ for 30-60 seconds, causing the back panel material to thermally shrink and simultaneously softening the EVA film layer.

[0040] After photovoltaic panel A is heated, the pre-cut slit widens, and the two motor guide rail modules 1003 start simultaneously, driving the two slanted fork plates 11 to press photovoltaic panel A downwards in a synchronized manner. At this time, the 0.5mm feeler gauge 1104 at the bottom of the slanted fork plate 11, being a flexible material, has deformed and is close to the angle of the photovoltaic panel A. Then, the two rodless cylinders 13 are started simultaneously, driving the two first crossbeams 502 to move along the first slide rails 501 on both sides and move closer to each other, further driving the two slanted fork plates 11 to move closer to each other. The two slanted fork plates 11 press photovoltaic panel A and insert it into the back plate and EVA film layer on both sides of the pre-cut slit in a cross-shaped posture. Because the feeler gauge 1104 is a flexible material, it is easier to directly and accurately embed between the back plate and the EVA film. As the slanted fork plate 11 moves, the fork bar 1102 gradually peels off the back plate. The cylindrical limiter 1105 on the fork bar 1102 can make the peeled back plate wrinkle and not stick to the slanted fork plate 11 in one piece. When the slanted fork plate 11 is pushed to the limit baffle 301 of the heating table 3, the two motor guide rail modules 1003 start at the same time, driving the two slanted fork plates 11 to move upward 3cm synchronously, completing the vertical lifting and separation of the back plate and the EVA film interface. Since the height of the limit baffles 301 on both sides of the heating table 3 is 1cm, the movement path of the slanted fork plate 11 is not blocked after the slanted fork plate 11 is lifted, avoiding the collision between the slanted fork plate 11 and the heating table 3. The lifting action of the slanted fork plate 11 can also prevent the slanted fork plate 11 from scratching the peeled area during the resetting process. After the back panels on both sides are completely peeled off, they are blown off using an air knife 1201, which effectively prevents the back panels from sticking to the slanted fork plate 11 due to residual EVA on the back panels. The blown-off back panels fall into the receiving bins 4 on both sides respectively.

[0041] The automatic photovoltaic backsheet dismantling device of the present invention can be operated by a single person, does not generate dust and cause environmental pollution, and the damage rate of the backsheet is 1%, which is far lower than manual peeling and traditional mechanical scraping methods.

[0042] Of course, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All modifications made according to the spirit and essence of the main technical solution of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic photovoltaic backsheet disassembly device, characterized in that: The system includes a feeding mechanism (1), a compaction and dividing assembly (2), a heating table (3), a receiving bin (4), a gantry frame (5), a first forklift mechanism (6), a second forklift mechanism (7), a first translation assembly (8), and a second translation assembly (9). The feeding mechanism (1) is used to transport photovoltaic panels (A). The compaction and dividing assembly (2) is located above the feeding mechanism (1) and is used to compact the photovoltaic panels (A) and pre-slit the back panel. The heating table (3) is located at the output end of the feeding mechanism (1) and is used to heat the photovoltaic panels (A) to soften the EVA film layer and cause the back panel to undergo thermal shrinkage deformation, thereby expanding the pre-slit. The receiving bin (4) has two bins, which are located on both sides of the heating table (3) and are used to collect the removed back panels. The gantry frame (5) is located above the heating table (3) and the receiving bin (4) and is used to install the first forklift mechanism. (6) and the second forklift mechanism (7), the first translation component (8) and the second translation component (9) respectively drive the first forklift mechanism (6) and the second forklift mechanism (7) to translate; the first forklift mechanism (6) and the second forklift mechanism (7) are respectively located on both sides above the heating table (3) for correspondingly removing the back plates on both sides of the pre-cut groove of the photovoltaic panel (A). The first forklift mechanism (6) and the second forklift mechanism (7) each include a lifting component (10), a slanted fork plate (11) on the lifting component (10) and an air blowing component (12). The slanted fork plate (11) of the two forklift mechanisms can compact the photovoltaic panel (A) and cross-insert it between the back plates on both sides of the pre-cut groove and the EVA film layer. The peeled back plates on both sides are blown by the corresponding air blowing component (12) to the receiving bin (4) on the corresponding side.

2. The automatic photovoltaic backsheet disassembly device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding mechanism (1) includes a feeding frame (101) and a conveyor belt (102) disposed on the feeding frame (101), and the compaction and dividing component (2) is disposed above the end of the conveyor belt (102).

3. The automatic photovoltaic backsheet disassembly device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The compaction and segmentation assembly (2) includes a front support frame (201), a roller (202) mounted on the front support frame (201), a rear support frame (203), and a blade clamp (204) mounted on the rear support frame (203). Both ends of the front support frame (201) and the rear support frame (203) are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the feeder frame (101). The top two sides of the front support frame (201) are respectively provided with fixing plates (205). A knob (206) is provided on the top, and a slider (207) is threadedly connected to the bottom end of the knob (206). The slider (207) is slidably connected to the front support frame (201) in the upper and lower parts. The two ends of the roller (202) are respectively rotatably connected to the two sliders (207). The blade clamp (204) is located on the rear side of the roller (202). The blade clamp (204) is fixedly connected to the rear support frame (203). The blade clamp (204) is provided with a blade (208).

4. The automatic photovoltaic backsheet disassembly device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Limiting baffles (301) are provided on both sides of the heating platform (3). A temperature regulating device is provided on the heating platform (3). The temperature regulating device includes an embedded temperature control module (302) and a digital display panel (303).

5. The automatic photovoltaic backsheet disassembly device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The receiving bin (4) includes an outer bin body and an inner box disposed within the outer bin body. The inner box is detachably connected to the outer bin body, and the top of the inner box is open.

6. The automatic photovoltaic backsheet disassembly device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gantry frame (5) has a first slide rail (501) on the front and rear sides of the top. The first slide rail (501) has a sliding member (5011) on it. Two first crossbeams (502) are slidably installed between the first slide rails (501) on both sides. The two ends of the first crossbeams (502) are respectively provided with connecting plates (5021). The connecting plates (5021) are connected to the sliding members (5011). The first translation component (8) and the second translation component (9) both include a rodless cylinder (13) on the top of the gantry frame (5) and a movable support plate (14) connected to the output end of the rodless cylinder (13). The movable support plate (14) is connected to the first crossbeam (502).

7. The automatic photovoltaic backsheet disassembly device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first forklift mechanism (6) and the second forklift mechanism (7) are respectively installed on the two first crossbeams (502). The lifting components (10) of the first forklift mechanism (6) and the second forklift mechanism (7) each include a second slide rail (1001), a second crossbeam (1002) slidably installed on the second slide rail (1001), and a motor guide rail module (1003) connected to drive the second crossbeam (1002). The air blowing component (12) is located at one end of the inclined fork plate (11). The air blowing component (12) is connected to the second crossbeam (1002). The inclined fork plate (11) is inclined.

8. The automatic photovoltaic backsheet disassembly device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The air blowing assembly (12) includes an air knife (1201), an air inlet (1202) and an air outlet (1203) disposed on the air knife (1201). There are a plurality of air outlets (1203), which are spaced apart and arranged in the peeling direction. The air outlets (1203) are flat.

9. The automatic photovoltaic backsheet disassembly device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second crossbeam (1002) is provided with a connecting hole (1002a), and the air knife (1201) is connected to the connecting hole (1002a) through a connecting rod (15).

10. The automatic photovoltaic backsheet disassembly device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The slanted fork plate (11) includes a plate body (1101) and a plurality of spaced forks (1102) provided on the plate body (1101). There is a clearance opening (1103) between two adjacent forks (1102) to allow the fork (1102) of another slanted fork plate (11) to pass. Each fork (1102) is provided with a feeler gauge (1104) at the bottom end. The feeler gauge (1104) is made of flexible material. The upper surface of the fork (1102) is also provided with a protruding limiter (1105).

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