Intelligent drilling pile-forming construction method for large-diameter ultra-deep rotary excavating pile in complex karst area

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pile foundation construction, and discloses an intelligent drilling pile-forming construction method for a large-diameter ultra-deep rotary excavating pile in a complex karst area, which comprises the following construction steps: 1) according to the digital conversion of a plane histogram of a pile hole, obtaining drilling stratum information and transmitting the drilling stratum information to a rotary excavating drilling machine; (2) a pile casing is placed in the soil filling layer, and an upper layer hole is formed in the soil filling layer through the rotary excavating drilling bucket; (3) the slag salvaging drill bit forms a middle layer hole in the clay layer; (4) the cone barrel drill forms a lower layer hole in the rock stratum, and the upper layer hole, the middle layer hole and the lower layer hole are communicated to form a pile hole; (5) an elastic wave detector detects the lower portion of the pile hole; 6) putting a reinforcement cage into the pile hole, arranging an optical fiber, and connecting with an optical fiber sensing device; (7) concrete is poured into the pile hole through the guide pipe, and the optical fiber sensing equipment receives optical fiber signals to obtain the pouring height, and (8) after the concrete is poured to the set height, the guide pipe is withdrawn to form the rotary excavating pile, and through reasonable construction steps, the stability and the overall quality of drilling and pile forming of the rotary excavating pile are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of pile foundation construction, and more specifically, to an intelligent drilling and pile-forming method for large-diameter ultra-deep rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas. Background Technology

[0002] Rotary drilling for pile foundations has become the preferred foundation method in modern infrastructure projects due to its outstanding advantages such as fast drilling speed, wide adaptability to geological formations, and minimal environmental impact.

[0003] However, when rotary drilling piles are constructed in karst areas, the complex geological structure and the development of karst caves and fissures can easily lead to problems such as hole collapse, stuck drill, dropped drill, and deviation during drilling, which makes the stability of the pile foundation a prominent issue and affects its long-term stability and bearing capacity.

[0004] In the existing technology, the rotary drilling rig control panel cannot display the stratum where the drill bit is located in real time. Construction personnel can only rely on experience to compare the drill cuttings and the exploration report to make a judgment, which involves a large degree of uncertainty. At the same time, when the drill bit penetrates into the karst area, the mud level is prone to drop. Due to the lack of effective monitoring and rapid response measures, the stability of the pile hole is insufficient.

[0005] During concrete pouring, karst caves are prone to leakage, leading to concrete loss. This results in a large discrepancy between the actual pouring volume and the theoretical value, as well as significant errors in the pouring height measurement. This increases construction costs and fails to meet the overall quality requirements of the pile foundation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent drilling and pile-forming method for large-diameter ultra-deep rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas, aiming to solve the problem of insufficient stability in the drilling and pile-forming of rotary drilling piles in the existing technology.

[0007] This invention is implemented as follows: a smart drilling and pile-forming method for large-diameter ultra-deep rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas, comprising the following construction steps: 1) Based on the digital conversion of the planar columnar diagram of the pile hole, obtain the drilling stratum information of the pile hole, which includes the pile hole depth, stratum type, stratum depth and early warning of karst areas, and transmit the drilling stratum information to the rotary drilling rig. 2) Along the depth direction of the pile hole, the strata types sequentially include a fill layer, a clay layer, and a rock layer, wherein the rock layer has an empty karst area; the rotary drilling rig is positioned, the rotary drilling rig lowers a casing into the fill layer, and uses the rotary drilling bucket to drill a hole in the casing, forming an upper hole in the fill layer. 3) Drilling in the clay layer using a slag-removing drill bit to form an intermediate hole in the clay layer; 4) Drilling is carried out in the rock strata using a rotary drill to form a lower layer hole in the rock strata. The lower layer hole passes through the karst area. The upper layer hole, the middle layer hole and the lower layer hole are connected in sequence to form a pile hole. When the lower hole penetrates into the karst area, the mud level in the pile hole drops, and cement is poured into the pile hole until the mud level in the pile hole rises to a set position. Then, the roller cone drill continues to drill in the rock layer until the lower hole is formed. 5) Use an elastic wave detector to be lowered to the bottom of the pile hole to perform elastic wave detection on the set depth range below the pile hole. When it is determined that there is no karst area in the set depth range below the pile hole, the pile hole is subjected to final acceptance. 6) A reinforcing cage is lowered into the pile hole. An optical fiber is provided on the reinforcing cage. The optical fiber extends along the length of the reinforcing cage. The end of the optical fiber has a jumper port. The jumper port is connected to the optical fiber sensing device. 7) Insert a guide pipe into the pile hole and pour concrete into the pile hole through the guide pipe. The fiber optic sensing device receives the fiber optic signal transmitted by the fiber optic cable to obtain the pouring height of the concrete in the pile hole. 8) After the concrete is poured to the set height, the guide pipe is withdrawn from the pile hole. After the concrete in the pile hole solidifies, a rotary drilling pile is formed.

[0008] Furthermore, in the construction step 1), the planar columnar diagram of the pile hole is in CAD format. The numbers of the planar columnar diagram of the pile hole are converted into an Excel format file, and then the Excel format file is converted into a JSON format file. The JSON format file is uploaded to the network server for storage, and then the JSON format file is transmitted to the rotary drilling rig through the network server. In construction step 1), the rotary drilling rig has a display screen. After the JSON format file is transmitted to the rotary drilling rig, the display screen generates a stratigraphic column chart with a scale according to the borehole stratum information. The stratigraphic column chart displays the borehole stratum information. A simulated drill bit is generated in the stratigraphic column chart. During the process of the rotary drilling rig drilling to form a borehole, the simulated drill bit moves downward synchronously in the stratigraphic column chart.

[0009] Furthermore, in construction step 2), a steel plate is placed on the construction ground, and the rotary drilling rig is placed on the steel plate; after the casing is lowered into the backfill layer, the top of the casing is exposed above the construction ground, and the height between the casing and the construction ground is not less than 30cm.

[0010] Furthermore, in construction step 3), multiple slag-removing drill bits of different diameters are used to sequentially enlarge the hole in the clay layer to form an intermediate hole in the clay layer. In construction step 4), multiple roller cone drills of different diameters are used to sequentially expand the hole in the rock stratum to form a lower layer hole in the rock stratum.

[0011] Furthermore, in construction step 4), the plurality of rotary cylinder drills include small-diameter rotary cylinder drills, medium-diameter rotary cylinder drills, and large-diameter rotary cylinder drills. A small-diameter guide cylinder is provided below the medium-diameter rotary cylinder drill, and the diameter of the small-diameter guide cylinder is the same as the diameter of the small-diameter rotary cylinder drill. A medium-diameter guide cylinder is provided below the large-diameter rotary cylinder drill, and the diameter of the medium-diameter guide cylinder is the same as the diameter of the medium-diameter rotary cylinder drill. The roller cone drill bit drills into the rock strata to form a lower-level hole, including the following drilling steps: 4.1) The small-diameter roller cone drill is used to drill into the rock strata to form a guide hole in the rock strata; 4.2) The medium-diameter roller cone drill is used to drill in the rock strata, and the small-diameter guide cylinder moves along the guide hole, and the guide hole is enlarged to form a medium-diameter hole; 4.3) The large-diameter roller cone drill is used to drill in the rock strata, and the medium-diameter guide cylinder is guided to move in the medium-diameter hole, and the medium-diameter hole is expanded to form the lower layer hole.

[0012] Furthermore, in construction step 4), when the lower hole penetrates into the karst area and the mud level in the pile hole drops below a set depth, concrete is poured into the pile hole until the mud level in the pile hole rises to a set position. After the concrete in the pile hole has initially set, cement is poured into the pile hole.

[0013] Furthermore, in construction step 5), the elastic wave detector includes an elastic wave exciter that emits elastic waves downwards and multiple elastic wave detectors that receive reflected elastic wave signals. The multiple elastic wave detectors are arranged at intervals around the outer periphery of the elastic wave exciter and are connected to the elastic wave exciter as a whole. The elastic wave exciter is connected to a lifting rope, which passes around a roller, and the roller is arranged at the top of the pile hole. The elastic wave detector is lowered to the bottom of the pile hole using the lifting rope. The elastic wave exciter and multiple elastic wave detectors are respectively abutted against the bottom of the pile hole. The elastic wave exciter emits elastic waves downwards. During the propagation process, the elastic waves reflect upwards upon encountering the karst area, forming a reflected signal. The elastic wave detector receives the reflected signal and determines the depth of the karst area based on the changes in the strength of the reflected signal and the propagation time.

[0014] Furthermore, in construction step 5), a horizontally arranged rotating disk is connected to the elastic wave exciter, and the rotating disk is rotatably connected to the elastic wave exciter; one end of the lifting rope is connected to the retractor, and the other end of the lifting rope forms a connecting end. Multiple lower springs are connected to the rotating disk. The lower ends of the multiple lower springs are connected to the rotating disk, and the lower ends of the multiple lower springs are arranged around the rotating disk at intervals. The upper ends of the multiple lower springs converge and connect to form a converging end. The converging end is provided with a horizontally rotating head, which is connected to a connecting end so that the multiple lower springs can rotate horizontally relative to the connecting end. Multiple lower springs enclose an elastic region, and a counterweight is provided in the elastic region. The counterweight is connected to the rotating head and is suspended in the elastic region. Multiple upper springs are connected to the lifting rope. The upper springs are located above the lower springs and are arranged around the outer periphery of the lifting rope. The lower ends of the upper springs are connected to the middle of the lower springs, and the upper ends of the multiple upper springs converge at a connecting end, which is fixedly sleeved on the lifting rope. During the process of the elastic wave detector below the lifting rope, the mud fluctuation impacts the elastic wave detector, causing it to shake. The upper and lower springs deform elastically in sync, buffering the longitudinal shaking of the elastic wave detector. The rotating head and rotating disk rotate, buffering the horizontal shaking of the elastic wave detector. The counterweight limits the shaking angle of the elastic wave detector to a set range.

[0015] Furthermore, in construction step 6), the steel cage includes multiple main bars arranged at intervals around each other, and multiple stirrups are arranged around the periphery of the multiple main bars. The multiple stirrups are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the main bars, and the stirrups are respectively connected to the multiple main bars so that the multiple stirrups and the multiple main bars are connected as one unit. The optical fiber is arranged inside the reinforcing cage and connected to the main reinforcement bar, extending along the length of the main reinforcement bar; the two ends of the optical fiber are respectively formed as connecting sections, the connecting sections extend to the outside of the pile hole, and the jumper port is formed on the connecting section.

[0016] Furthermore, in construction step 6, the optical fiber is wound in multiple loops to form multiple movable loop segments with variable circumference. The multiple movable loop segments form movable tension sections. The optical fiber is provided with multiple tension sections, which are arranged sequentially at intervals along the length direction of the main reinforcement. The pull-out section is equipped with a clamping head, which movably clamps multiple movable segments so that the multiple movable segments are arranged in an overlapping manner; the clamping head is equipped with two binding straps, and the main reinforcement and the stirrup are welded together to form a cross-shaped welding position. The two binding straps are wrapped around the welding position and connected to the main reinforcement and the stirrup respectively. The two binding straps are connected to fix the clamping head on the welding position.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the intelligent drilling and pile formation method for large-diameter ultra-deep rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas provided by this invention improves the stability of rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas through reasonable construction steps. Specifically, it includes the following points: 1) By using the planar columnar diagram of the pile hole for digital conversion, the drilling stratum information of the pile hole is obtained and the information is transmitted to the rotary drilling rig in a timely manner, so that the construction personnel can understand the geological conditions in advance, predict potential risks, and provide targeted and stable construction from the source for subsequent construction.

[0018] 2) During the drilling process, different and suitable drilling tools are used in sequence according to different geological characteristics to form upper, middle and lower layer holes and connect them in sequence to form a complete pile hole; When drilling into the karst area causes the mud level to drop, cement is added to the pile hole. After the mud level rises back to the set position, drilling continues. This prevents the hole from collapsing due to mud loss and ensures the stability of the pile hole in the karst area.

[0019] 3) Elastic wave detection is performed at a set depth range at the bottom of the pile hole using an elastic wave detector. Only after confirming that there is no karst area below is the final hole acceptance carried out, which further eliminates potential unstable factors and ensures the long-term stability of the rotary drilling pile.

[0020] 4) A steel cage equipped with optical fibers is inserted into the pile hole, and the jumper port at the end of the optical fiber is connected to the optical fiber sensing device, which enables real-time and accurate monitoring of the concrete pouring height in the pile hole during the concrete pouring process. This not only improves the stability and accuracy of the pouring process, but also avoids leakage that could lead to concrete loss, resulting in errors and uncertainties, thereby improving the pouring quality and overall stability of the rotary drilling pile. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the intelligent drilling and pile formation method for large-diameter ultra-deep rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas provided by the present invention. Figure 2 This is a construction schematic diagram of the rotary drilling bucket provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a construction schematic diagram of the slag removal drill bit provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the roller cone drill provided by the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the construction of the elastic wave detector provided by the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic wave detector provided by the present invention; Figure 7This is a construction diagram of the optical fiber and steel cage provided by the present invention; Figure 8 This is a simplified schematic diagram of the active segment provided by the present invention; Figure 9 This is a partial schematic diagram of the connection between the main reinforcement and the stirrups provided by the present invention; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the clamping head provided by the present invention; In the diagram: 100 pile hole, 101 fill layer, 102 upper hole, 103 clay layer, 104 middle hole, 105 rock layer, 106 lower hole, 107 karst area; Rotary drilling rig 200, rotary drilling bucket 201, slag removal drill bit 202, casing 203, steel plate 204; 300 rotary drill bit, 301 large diameter rotary drill bit, 302 medium diameter rotary drill bit, 303 medium diameter guide tube, 304 small diameter rotary drill bit, 305 small diameter guide tube; Elastic wave detector 400, elastic wave exciter 401, elastic wave detector 402, rotating disk 403, lower spring 404, converging end 405, rotating head 406, elastic area 407, counterweight 408, upper spring 409, end 410. Lifting rope 500, roller 501, retractor 502.

[0022] 600 steel cage, 601 guide pipe, 602 main reinforcement, 603 stirrups, 604 welding position; Fiber optic cable 700, patch cord port 701, fiber optic sensing device 702, connecting section 703, movable coil section 704, slow-release section 705, clamping head 706, cable tie 707. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0024] The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0025] In the accompanying drawings of this embodiment, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of this invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting this invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] Reference Figure 1-10 The image shown is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] The intelligent drilling and pile formation method for large-diameter ultra-deep rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas includes the following construction steps: 1) Based on the digital conversion of the planar columnar diagram of pile hole 100, obtain the drilling stratum information of pile hole 100. The drilling stratum information includes the depth of pile hole 100, stratum type, stratum depth and early warning of karst area. Transmit the drilling stratum information to rotary drilling rig 200. 2) Along the depth direction of the pile hole 100, the strata types include, in sequence, a fill layer 101, a clay layer 103, and a rock layer 105, with an empty karst area 107 in the rock layer 105; the rotary drilling rig 200 is positioned, and the rotary drilling rig 200 lowers the casing 203 into the fill layer 101, and uses the rotary drilling bucket 201 to drill a hole in the casing 203, forming an upper hole 102 in the fill layer 101; 3) Use the slag removal drill bit 202 to drill in the clay layer 103 to form a middle layer hole 104 in the clay layer 103; 4) Use a rotary drill 300 to drill in the rock layer 105 to form a lower hole 106 in the rock layer 105. The lower hole 106 passes through the karst area 107. The upper hole 102, the middle hole 104 and the lower hole 106 are connected in sequence to form a pile hole 100. When the lower hole 106 penetrates to the karst area 107, the mud level in the pile hole 100 drops, and cement is added to the pile hole 100 until the mud level in the pile hole 100 rises to the set position. Then the rotary drill 300 continues to drill in the rock layer 105 until the lower hole 106 is formed. 5) Use an elastic wave detector 400 to be lowered into the bottom of the pile hole 100 to perform elastic wave detection on the set depth range below the pile hole 100. When it is confirmed that there is no karst area 107 in the set depth range below the pile hole 100, the pile hole 100 is accepted for final hole inspection. 6) A steel cage 600 is lowered into the pile hole 100. An optical fiber 700 is installed on the steel cage 600. The optical fiber 700 extends along the length of the steel cage 600. The end of the optical fiber 700 has a jumper port 701. The jumper port 701 is connected to the optical fiber sensing device 702. 7) Insert the guide pipe 601 into the pile hole 100 and pour concrete into the pile hole 100 through the guide pipe 601. The fiber optic sensing device 702 receives the fiber optic signal sent by the fiber optic 700 to obtain the pouring height of the concrete in the pile hole 100. 8) After the concrete is poured to the set height, the guide pipe 601 is withdrawn from the pile hole 100. After the concrete in the pile hole 100 solidifies, a rotary drilling pile is formed.

[0028] The intelligent drilling and pile-forming construction method for large-diameter ultra-deep rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas, as described above, improves the drilling and pile-forming stability of rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas through reasonable construction steps. Specifically, the method includes the following points: 1) Digital conversion is performed using the planar columnar diagram of pile hole 100 to obtain the drilling stratum information of pile hole 100, and the information is transmitted to the rotary drilling rig 200 in a timely manner, so that the construction personnel can understand the geological conditions in advance, predict potential risks, and provide targeted and stable construction from the source for subsequent construction.

[0029] 2) During the drilling process, different and suitable drilling tools are used in sequence to drill according to different geological characteristics, forming upper, middle and lower layer holes 106 and connecting them in sequence to form a complete pile hole 100. When the drilling of the lower hole 106 reaches the karst area 107 and causes the mud level to drop, cement is added to the pile hole 100. After the mud level rises back to the set position, drilling continues. This prevents the hole from collapsing due to mud loss and ensures the stability of the pile hole 100 in the karst area 107.

[0030] 3) Elastic wave detection is performed at a set depth range at the bottom of the pile hole 100 using an elastic wave detector 400. Only after confirming that there is no karst area 107 below is the final hole acceptance carried out, which further eliminates potential unstable factors and ensures the long-term stability of the rotary drilling pile.

[0031] 4) A steel cage 600 equipped with an optical fiber 700 is lowered into the pile hole 100, and the jumper port 701 at the end of the optical fiber 700 is connected to the optical fiber sensing device 702. This enables real-time and accurate monitoring of the concrete pouring height in the pile hole 100 during the concrete pouring process. This not only improves the stability and accuracy of the pouring process, but also avoids leakage that could lead to concrete loss, resulting in errors and uncertainties, thereby improving the pouring quality and overall stability of the rotary drilling pile.

[0032] As an extended embodiment, in construction step 1), the planar columnar diagram of pile hole 100 is in CAD format. The numbers of the planar columnar diagram of pile hole 100 are converted into an Excel format file, and then the Excel format file is converted into a JSON format file. The JSON format file is uploaded to the network server for storage, and then the JSON format file is transmitted to the rotary drilling rig 200 through the network server. In construction step 1), the rotary drilling rig 200 has a display screen. When the JSON format file is transmitted to the rotary drilling rig 200, the display screen generates a stratigraphic columnar diagram with a scale according to the borehole stratum information. The stratigraphic columnar diagram displays the borehole stratum information. A simulated drill bit is generated in the stratigraphic columnar diagram. During the process of the rotary drilling rig 200 drilling to form a borehole, the simulated drill bit moves downward synchronously in the stratigraphic columnar diagram.

[0033] Since the CAD format of the pile borehole 100 plan columnar diagram contains detailed geological information, but its format is difficult to use directly for data processing and transmission, converting it to Excel format can facilitate the preliminary sorting and analysis of geological information.

[0034] Furthermore, converting the data to JSON format allows it to be stored in a structured form on the web server, facilitating rapid reading and parsing by the rotary drilling rig 200. This not only ensures the accuracy of the data but also facilitates subsequent storage and retrieval.

[0035] Through digital processing and transmission, construction personnel can send the geological information of pile hole 100 to the rotary drilling rig 200 at the construction site in advance, ensuring that the drilling rig can immediately carry out construction based on accurate geological information after it is in place.

[0036] By utilizing the display screen on the rotary drilling rig 200 and combining it with the borehole stratum information in the JSON format file, a stratum columnar diagram with a scale is generated, providing construction personnel with an intuitive construction reference interface.

[0037] During construction, operators can predict in advance when they will enter rock layer 105 by comparing the position of the simulated drill bit with the stratigraphic columnar diagram, and adjust drilling parameters such as drilling speed and drilling pressure in real time to ensure the smoothness and efficiency of the drilling process, thereby improving the stability and construction quality of the drilling of pile hole 100 in the karst area.

[0038] As an extended embodiment, in construction step 2), a steel plate 204 is arranged on the construction ground, and a rotary drilling rig 200 is arranged on the steel plate 204; after the casing 203 is lowered into the backfill layer 101, the top of the casing 203 is exposed above the construction ground, and the height between the casing 203 and the construction ground is not less than 30cm.

[0039] The arrangement of steel plates 204 can effectively distribute the weight of the drilling rig, reduce the pressure on the construction ground, and prevent the impact of ground settlement or uneven deformation on the stability of the rotary drilling rig 200.

[0040] Furthermore, the casing 203, which is at a height of not less than that of the construction ground, can prevent ground debris, rainwater, etc. from entering the pile hole 100. While ensuring the cleanliness of the inside of the pile hole 100 and the construction environment, it also prevents the casing 203 from being washed away by mud or squeezed by the surrounding soil, thus ensuring the initial stability of the pile hole 100 and improving the stability of rotary pile drilling.

[0041] As an extended embodiment, in construction step 3), multiple slag-removing drill bits 202 of different diameters are used to sequentially enlarge the hole in the clay layer 103 to form an intermediate hole 104 in the clay layer 103. In construction step 4), multiple roller cone drills 300 with different diameters are used to drill in sequence in the rock layer 105 to enlarge the hole and form a lower hole 106 in the rock layer 105.

[0042] During rotary drilling, the drilling difficulty and requirements vary depending on the stratum. For clay layer 103, due to its certain viscosity and plasticity, multiple slag-removing drill bits 202 of different diameters are used to sequentially enlarge the hole diameter, which can gradually increase the drilling force required for one-time forming and avoid drilling difficulties or hole wall collapse caused by excessively large drill bit diameter.

[0043] In rock stratum 105, the rock is hard and uneven. By using multiple roller cone drills 300 with different diameters to sequentially expand the hole, the rock can be broken and the lower layer hole 106 that meets the requirements can be gradually formed. This staged hole expansion drilling method can adapt to the characteristics of different strata, improve drilling efficiency, and reduce the risks of stuck drill and dropped drill during the drilling process, thus ensuring the stability of the rotary pile drilling and pile formation process.

[0044] As an extended embodiment, in construction step 4), the plurality of rotary drills 300 include a small-diameter rotary drill 304300, a medium-diameter rotary drill 302, and a large-diameter rotary drill 301. A small-diameter guide cylinder 305 is provided below the medium-diameter rotary drill 302, and the diameter of the small-diameter guide cylinder 305 is the same as the diameter of the small-diameter rotary drill 304300. A medium-diameter guide cylinder 303 is provided below the large-diameter rotary drill 301, and the diameter of the medium-diameter guide cylinder 303 is the same as the diameter of the medium-diameter rotary drill 302. The rotary drill 300 drills into the rock stratum 105 to form a lower-level hole 106, including the following drilling steps: 4.1) Use a small-diameter roller cone drill 304300 to drill in rock layer 105 to form a guide hole in rock layer 105; 4.2) The medium-diameter roller cone drill 302 is used to drill in the rock layer 105, and the small-diameter guide cylinder 305 moves along the guide hole, and the guide hole expands to form a medium-diameter hole; 4.3) The large-diameter roller cone drill 301 is used to drill in the rock layer 105, and the medium-diameter guide cylinder 303 is guided to move in the medium-diameter hole, and the medium-diameter hole is enlarged to form the lower layer hole 106.

[0045] This tiered configuration and directional drilling method fully considers the complexity and precision requirements of drilling the 105 rock strata; among them, the small-diameter roller cone drill 304300 first drills a pilot hole, providing a precise guiding path for subsequent reaming drilling.

[0046] Subsequently, the medium-diameter rotary drill 302 and the large-diameter rotary drill 301, guided by the guide tube, successively carried out hole enlargement operations, ensuring the gradual increase of the hole diameter and the flatness of the hole wall.

[0047] In pile foundation construction with complex geological conditions, this can avoid drilling stability problems caused by uneven hole diameter or uneven hole wall, thereby improving the stability and quality of rotary drilling piles.

[0048] As an extended embodiment, in construction step 4), when the lower hole 106 penetrates to the karst area 107 and the mud level in the pile hole 100 drops below the set depth, concrete is poured into the pile hole 100 until the mud level in the pile hole 100 rises to the set position. After the concrete in the pile hole 100 has initially set, cement is poured into the pile hole 100.

[0049] When the mud level drops below the set depth, concrete is first poured into the pile hole 100. The concrete can fill the cracks and cavities in the karst area 107, thus sealing them and preventing further leakage of mud.

[0050] After the concrete has initially set, cement is added. The cement slurry can further reinforce the borehole wall and improve its stability and load-bearing capacity.

[0051] This phased material input method can control the mud level and enhance the overall stability of the pile hole 100, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of construction.

[0052] As an extended embodiment, in construction step 5), the elastic wave detector 400 includes an elastic wave exciter 401 that emits elastic waves downwards and a plurality of elastic wave detectors 402 that receive reflected elastic wave signals. The plurality of elastic wave detectors 402 are arranged at intervals around the outer periphery of the elastic wave exciter 401 and are connected to the elastic wave exciter 401 as a whole. The elastic wave exciter 401 is connected to a lifting rope 500, which passes around a roller 501. The roller 501 is arranged at the top of the pile hole 100. The elastic wave detector 400 is lowered into the bottom of the pile hole 100 by the lifting rope 500. The elastic wave exciter 401 and multiple elastic wave detectors 402 are respectively attached to the bottom of the pile hole 100. The elastic wave exciter 401 emits elastic waves downwards. During the transmission process, the elastic waves are reflected upwards after encountering the karst area 107 to form a reflected signal. The elastic wave detector 402 receives the reflected signal and determines the depth of the karst area 107 based on the changes in the strength of the reflected signal and the propagation time.

[0053] In this way, by analyzing the changes in the strength of the reflected signal and the propagation time, the depth of karst area 107 can be accurately determined, providing reliable geological information for subsequent drilling construction. This provides an efficient and accurate method for karst cave exploration for the drilling construction of pile hole 100 in karst area 107.

[0054] Especially after the geological environment information is detected in advance, the drilling plan can be adjusted in a timely manner according to the detection results, so as to avoid accidents such as grout leakage and hole collapse after the drill bit enters the karst area, thus ensuring the smooth progress of the construction.

[0055] As an extended embodiment, in construction step 5), a horizontally arranged rotating disk 403 is connected to the elastic wave exciter 401, and the rotating disk 403 is rotatably connected to the elastic wave exciter 401; one end of the lifting rope 500 is connected to the retractor 502, and the other end of the lifting rope 500 forms a connecting end. Multiple lower springs 404 are connected to the rotating disk 403. The lower ends of the multiple lower springs 404 are connected to the rotating disk 403, and the lower ends of the multiple lower springs 404 are arranged around the rotating disk 403 at intervals. The upper ends of the multiple lower springs 404 converge and connect to form a converging end 405. The converging end 405 is provided with a horizontally rotating rotating head 406, which is connected to the connecting end so that the multiple lower springs 404 can rotate horizontally relative to the connecting end. Multiple lower springs 404 surround to form an elastic region 407. The elastic region 407 is provided with a counterweight 408, which is connected to the rotating head 406 and is suspended in the elastic region 407. Multiple upper springs 409 are connected to the lifting rope 500. The upper springs 409 are located above the lower springs 404. The multiple upper springs 409 are arranged around the outer periphery of the lifting rope 500. The lower end of the upper spring 409 is connected to the middle part of the lower spring 404. The upper ends of the multiple upper springs 409 converge on the connecting end 410, which is fixedly sleeved on the lifting rope 500. During the process of lifting the elastic wave detector 402 below the rope 500, the mud fluctuation impacts the elastic wave detector 402, causing it to shake. The upper spring 409 and the lower spring 404 deform elastically in sync, buffering the longitudinal shaking of the elastic wave detector 402. The rotating head 406 and the rotating disk 403 rotate, buffering the horizontal shaking of the elastic wave detector 402. The counterweight 408 limits the shaking angle of the elastic wave detector 402 to within the set range.

[0056] During the process of lowering the elastic wave detector 402 into the pile hole 100, the fluctuation of the mud will cause the elastic wave detector 402 to shake, which will lead to inaccurate detection signal of the elastic wave detector 402. However, the upper spring 409 and the lower spring 404 can elastically deform synchronously, which buffers the shaking of the elastic wave detector 402 in the longitudinal and horizontal directions.

[0057] Furthermore, the arrangement of the rotating disk 403 and the rotating head 406 allows the detector to be adjusted within a certain range to adapt to the uneven surface inside the hole. At the same time, the counterweight 408 further limits the sway angle of the detector, ensuring that it always stays within the set range, thereby guaranteeing the stability and accuracy of elastic wave excitation and reception, and improving the efficiency and stability of 107 rotary drilling piles in karst areas.

[0058] As an extended embodiment, in construction step 6), the steel cage 600 includes a plurality of main bars 602 arranged at intervals around it, and a plurality of stirrups 603 are arranged around the periphery of the plurality of main bars 602. The plurality of stirrups 603 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the main bars 602, and the stirrups 603 are respectively connected to the plurality of main bars 602 so that the plurality of stirrups 603 and the plurality of main bars 602 are connected as one unit. The optical fiber 700 is arranged inside the steel cage 600 and connected to the main reinforcement 602, extending along the length of the main reinforcement 602; the two ends of the optical fiber 700 form connecting sections 703, which extend to the outside of the pile hole 100, and the jumper port 701 is formed on the connecting section 703.

[0059] The connection between the main reinforcement 602 and the stirrups 603 forms a solid whole, ensuring that the steel cage 600 can withstand the lateral pressure during concrete pouring and various loads during construction.

[0060] The fiber optic cable 700 is arranged inside the steel cage 600, extending along the length of the main reinforcement 602, making the fiber optic cable 700 an integral part of the steel cage 600, and enabling real-time monitoring of stress changes in the pile concrete. This allows the fiber optic sensing device 702, connected via jumper port 701, to directly and continuously receive information from the concrete pouring front, interpret the precise pouring height in real time, and effectively monitor the internal stress of the pile, thus preventing the instability of the pile after its formation.

[0061] As an extended embodiment, in construction step 6, the optical fiber 700 is wound in multiple loops to form multiple movable loop segments 704 with variable circumference. The multiple movable loop segments 704 form movable tension sections 705. Multiple tension sections 705 are provided on the optical fiber 700. The multiple tension sections 705 are arranged sequentially and at intervals along the length direction of the main reinforcement 602. The tension section 705 is provided with a clamping head 706, which movably clamps multiple movable segments 704 so that the multiple movable segments 704 are arranged in an overlapping manner. The clamping head 706 is provided with two binding straps 707. The main reinforcement 602 and the stirrup 603 are welded to form a cross-shaped welding position 604. The two binding straps 707 are wrapped around the welding position 604 and connected to the main reinforcement 602 and the stirrup 603 respectively. The two binding straps 707 are connected so that the clamping head 706 is fixed on the welding position 604.

[0062] During the construction and use of rotary drilling piles, factors such as concrete pouring and temperature changes can cause the reinforcing cage 600 to undergo a certain degree of expansion and contraction. In this way, the multiple turns of the optical fiber 700 form a slow-tension section 705, which allows the optical fiber 700 to adapt to the expansion and contraction of the reinforcing cage 600 to a certain extent, thus avoiding the optical fiber 700 from breaking due to excessive tension or affecting the monitoring accuracy due to slack.

[0063] Moreover, the fixing method of the clamp head 706 not only ensures the reliable connection between the optical fiber 700 and the steel cage 600, but also allows the optical fiber 700 to have a certain amount of room to move within the range of the tension section 705, ensuring the stability of the optical fiber 700 during concrete pouring and long-term use, and improving the reliability and durability of the optical fiber 700 monitoring.

[0064] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent drilling and pile formation of large-diameter, ultra-deep rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas, characterized in that... The construction steps include the following: 1) Based on the digital conversion of the planar columnar diagram of the pile hole, obtain the drilling stratum information of the pile hole, which includes the pile hole depth, stratum type, stratum depth and early warning of karst areas, and transmit the drilling stratum information to the rotary drilling rig. 2) Along the depth direction of the pile hole, the strata types sequentially include a fill layer, a clay layer, and a rock layer, wherein the rock layer has an empty karst area; the rotary drilling rig is positioned, the rotary drilling rig lowers a casing into the fill layer, and uses the rotary drilling bucket to drill a hole in the casing, forming an upper hole in the fill layer. 3) Drilling in the clay layer using a slag-removing drill bit to form an intermediate hole in the clay layer; 4) Drilling is carried out in the rock strata using a rotary drill to form a lower layer hole in the rock strata. The lower layer hole passes through the karst area. The upper layer hole, the middle layer hole and the lower layer hole are connected in sequence to form a pile hole. When the lower hole penetrates into the karst area, the mud level in the pile hole drops, and cement is poured into the pile hole until the mud level in the pile hole rises to a set position. Then, the roller cone drill continues to drill in the rock layer until the lower hole is formed. 5) Use an elastic wave detector to be lowered to the bottom of the pile hole to perform elastic wave detection on the set depth range below the pile hole. When it is determined that there is no karst area in the set depth range below the pile hole, the pile hole is subjected to final acceptance. 6) A reinforcing cage is lowered into the pile hole. An optical fiber is provided on the reinforcing cage. The optical fiber extends along the length of the reinforcing cage. The end of the optical fiber has a jumper port. The jumper port is connected to the optical fiber sensing device. 7) Insert a guide pipe into the pile hole and pour concrete into the pile hole through the guide pipe. The fiber optic sensing device receives the fiber optic signal transmitted by the fiber optic cable to obtain the pouring height of the concrete in the pile hole. 8) After the concrete is poured to the set height, the guide pipe is withdrawn from the pile hole. After the concrete in the pile hole solidifies, a rotary drilling pile is formed.

2. The intelligent drilling and pile construction method for large-diameter ultra-deep rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In construction step 1), the planar columnar diagram of the pile hole is in CAD format. The numbers of the planar columnar diagram of the pile hole are converted into an Excel format file, and then the Excel format file is converted into a JSON format file. The JSON format file is uploaded to the network server for storage, and then the JSON format file is transmitted to the rotary drilling rig through the network server. In construction step 1), the rotary drilling rig has a display screen. After the JSON format file is transmitted to the rotary drilling rig, the display screen generates a stratigraphic column chart with a scale according to the borehole stratum information. The stratigraphic column chart displays the borehole stratum information. A simulated drill bit is generated in the stratigraphic column chart. During the process of the rotary drilling rig drilling to form a borehole, the simulated drill bit moves downward synchronously in the stratigraphic column chart.

3. The intelligent drilling and pile construction method for large-diameter ultra-deep rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In construction step 2), a steel plate is placed on the construction ground, and the rotary drilling rig is placed on the steel plate; after the casing is lowered into the backfill layer, the top of the casing is exposed above the construction ground, and the height between the casing and the construction ground is not less than 30cm.

4. The intelligent drilling and pile construction method for large-diameter ultra-deep rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In construction step 3), multiple slag-removing drill bits of different diameters are used to sequentially expand the hole in the clay layer to form an intermediate hole in the clay layer. In construction step 4), multiple roller cone drills of different diameters are used to sequentially expand the hole in the rock stratum to form a lower layer hole in the rock stratum.

5. The intelligent drilling and pile construction method for large-diameter ultra-deep rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In construction step 4), the plurality of rotary cylinder drills include small-diameter rotary cylinder drills, medium-diameter rotary cylinder drills, and large-diameter rotary cylinder drills. A small-diameter guide cylinder is provided below the medium-diameter rotary cylinder drill, and the diameter of the small-diameter guide cylinder is the same as the diameter of the small-diameter rotary cylinder drill. A medium-diameter guide cylinder is provided below the large-diameter rotary cylinder drill, and the diameter of the medium-diameter guide cylinder is the same as the diameter of the medium-diameter rotary cylinder drill. The roller cone drill bit drills into the rock strata to form a lower-level hole, including the following drilling steps: 4.1) The small-diameter roller cone drill is used to drill into the rock strata to form a guide hole in the rock strata; 4.2) The medium-diameter roller cone drill is used to drill in the rock strata, and the small-diameter guide cylinder moves along the guide hole, and the guide hole is enlarged to form a medium-diameter hole; 4.3) The large-diameter roller cone drill is used to drill in the rock strata, and the medium-diameter guide cylinder is guided to move in the medium-diameter hole, and the medium-diameter hole is expanded to form the lower layer hole.

6. The intelligent drilling and pile construction method for large-diameter ultra-deep rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In construction step 4), when the lower hole penetrates into the karst area and the mud level in the pile hole drops below a set depth, concrete is poured into the pile hole until the mud level in the pile hole rises to a set position. After the concrete in the pile hole has initially set, cement is poured into the pile hole.

7. The intelligent drilling and pile construction method for large-diameter ultra-deep rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, In construction step 5), the elastic wave detector includes an elastic wave exciter that emits elastic waves downwards and multiple elastic wave detectors that receive reflected elastic wave signals. The multiple elastic wave detectors are arranged at intervals around the outer periphery of the elastic wave exciter and are connected to the elastic wave exciter as a whole. The elastic wave exciter is connected to a lifting rope, which passes around a roller, and the roller is arranged at the top of the pile hole. The elastic wave detector is lowered to the bottom of the pile hole using the lifting rope. The elastic wave exciter and multiple elastic wave detectors are respectively abutted against the bottom of the pile hole. The elastic wave exciter emits elastic waves downwards. During the propagation process, the elastic waves reflect upwards upon encountering the karst area, forming a reflected signal. The elastic wave detector receives the reflected signal and determines the depth of the karst area based on the changes in the strength of the reflected signal and the propagation time.

8. The intelligent drilling and pile formation method for large-diameter ultra-deep rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In construction step 5), a horizontally arranged rotating disk is connected to the elastic wave exciter, and the rotating disk is rotatably connected to the elastic wave exciter; one end of the lifting rope is connected to the retractor, and the other end of the lifting rope forms a connecting end; Multiple lower springs are connected to the rotating disk. The lower ends of the multiple lower springs are connected to the rotating disk, and the lower ends of the multiple lower springs are arranged around the rotating disk at intervals. The upper ends of the multiple lower springs converge and connect to form a converging end. The converging end is provided with a horizontally rotating head, which is connected to a connecting end so that the multiple lower springs can rotate horizontally relative to the connecting end. Multiple lower springs enclose an elastic region, and a counterweight is provided in the elastic region. The counterweight is connected to the rotating head and is suspended in the elastic region. Multiple upper springs are connected to the lifting rope. The upper springs are located above the lower springs and are arranged around the outer periphery of the lifting rope. The lower ends of the upper springs are connected to the middle of the lower springs, and the upper ends of the multiple upper springs converge at a connecting end, which is fixedly sleeved on the lifting rope. During the process of the elastic wave detector below the lifting rope, the mud fluctuation impacts the elastic wave detector, causing it to shake. The upper and lower springs deform elastically in sync, buffering the longitudinal shaking of the elastic wave detector. The rotating head and rotating disk rotate, buffering the horizontal shaking of the elastic wave detector. The counterweight limits the shaking angle of the elastic wave detector to a set range.

9. The intelligent drilling and pile construction method for large-diameter ultra-deep rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, In construction step 6), the steel cage includes multiple main bars arranged at intervals around each other, multiple stirrups are arranged around the periphery of the multiple main bars, the multiple stirrups are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the main bars, and the stirrups are respectively connected to the multiple main bars so that the multiple stirrups and the multiple main bars are connected as one unit. The optical fiber is arranged inside the reinforcing cage and connected to the main reinforcement bar, extending along the length of the main reinforcement bar; the two ends of the optical fiber are respectively formed as connecting sections, the connecting sections extend to the outside of the pile hole, and the jumper port is formed on the connecting section.

10. The intelligent drilling and pile construction method for large-diameter ultra-deep rotary drilling piles in complex karst areas as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, In construction step 6, the optical fiber is wound in multiple loops to form multiple movable loop segments with variable circumference. The multiple movable loop segments form movable tension segments. The optical fiber is provided with multiple tension segments, which are arranged sequentially and at intervals along the length direction of the main reinforcement. The pull-out section is equipped with a clamping head, which movably clamps multiple movable segments so that the multiple movable segments are arranged in an overlapping manner; the clamping head is equipped with two binding straps, and the main reinforcement and the stirrup are welded together to form a cross-shaped welding position. The two binding straps are wrapped around the welding position and connected to the main reinforcement and the stirrup respectively. The two binding straps are connected to fix the clamping head on the welding position.

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