Vortex type rapid cooling and condensing device for nuclear power station

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of heat energy conversion, and discloses a vortex type nuclear power station rapid cooling condensation device which comprises a shell, a water inlet and a water outlet, cooled liquid is introduced into the water inlet, a particle adjusting module is arranged above the water inlet, a gas backflow structure is arranged in the shell, and a water vapor condensation channel is arranged between the shell and the gas backflow structure. A condensation plate is arranged in the water vapor condensation channel; according to the cooling and condensing device, high-temperature and high-pressure liquid water can be converted into high-temperature water vapor, then the high-temperature water vapor is cooled in the shell, and compared with liquid water, the water vapor makes more sufficient contact with the condensing plate, so that the cooling efficiency of the cooling and condensing device is improved; according to the cooling and condensing equipment, the temperature distribution and the material transfer rate of fluid can be changed through vortex generated by the vortex fan, and the change is beneficial to improving the heat transfer efficiency and the mass transfer efficiency; due to the microscopic concave-convex structure and the surface defects of the frosted layer, the efficiency of water vapor gathering and water drop forming is improved, and the condensation capacity of the condensation plate is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal energy conversion technology, specifically to a rapid cooling and condensation device for eddy current nuclear power plants. Background Technology

[0002] The heat dissipation equipment in nuclear power plants is a crucial component of the energy sector in modern society. Its primary task is to handle the large amounts of heat generated by the nuclear reactor, ensuring stable reactor operation and effectively dissipating excess heat into the environment. First, the cooling tower is a key component of the nuclear power plant's heat dissipation system. Utilizing the principle of water vapor condensation, the cooling tower releases the heat from the generated high-temperature water or steam into the atmosphere through air or water cooling. Its unique structural design, using air or water flow, allows heat to dissipate, ensuring the nuclear reactor operates within a safe temperature range. Second, the cooling water circulation system is another critical link in nuclear power plant heat dissipation. It is responsible for transferring the heat generated in the nuclear reactor and releasing it in the cooling tower. This system includes various pipes, pumps, and cooling equipment that circulate cooling water or coolant to help the nuclear reactor dissipate excess heat. Heat exchangers play a vital role in the nuclear reactor system. They are responsible for controlling the reactor temperature, maintaining a constant internal temperature by transferring heat. The design and operation of the heat exchanger directly affect the stability and heat dissipation efficiency of the nuclear reactor. In addition, the coolant circulation system manages and controls the flow of coolant within the nuclear reactor through components such as pipes, pumps, and valves. The stable operation of this system ensures the control of the reactor's internal temperature and the efficient transfer of heat. The coordinated work of these devices and systems is crucial to ensuring the safe operation of a nuclear power plant. Through efficient heat dissipation equipment, nuclear energy is safely and efficiently converted into electrical energy, providing society with a stable and reliable energy supply.

[0003] Nuclear power plant cooling systems play a crucial role in ensuring a continuous energy supply while also contributing significantly to environmental protection and carbon emission reduction. Current condensation device technologies for gas cooling, such as the condenser cooling device proposed in Chinese patent CN217644085U, include a support frame with a condenser mounted on it. A spray system is installed on one side of the condenser, and a fan is mounted on the support frame. The spray system consists of a water inlet pipe, a water pump, and a spray nozzle connected in sequence. The water inlet pipe is equipped with a pressure relief device, while the spray nozzle has multiple atomizing nozzles directed towards the condenser. These atomizing nozzles spray water vapor into the condenser. This device, through the spray system, effectively cools the condenser under high outdoor temperatures, increasing the condensing pressure of the unit's condenser and reducing the temperature of the refrigerant after condensation. However, in the cooling process of power plants and nuclear power plants, some high-temperature and high-pressure liquids, after condensation and cooling, often retain a relatively high temperature. Furthermore, traditional condensation and cooling devices are more suitable for gas cooling than liquid cooling, resulting in low efficiency for liquid cooling. When dealing with high-temperature cooling water equipment with high flow rates, they may not even fully meet the cooling requirements, and they are unsuitable for use in nuclear power plant environments, thus limiting their application in power plants and nuclear power plants. Therefore, there is a need to design a vortex-type rapid cooling and condensation device for nuclear power plants that is unaffected by the state of the cooled substance, can rapidly and effectively cool and condense large quantities of high-pressure, high-temperature liquid cooling water or high-temperature, high-pressure steam gas, and possesses high sealing performance in applications such as nuclear power plants to prevent potential cooling water leakage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (I) Technical problems to be solved: In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a vortex-type rapid cooling and condensation device for nuclear power plants. It is not affected by the state of the cooled object and can quickly and effectively cool and condense large amounts of high-pressure, high-temperature liquid cooling water or high-temperature, high-pressure steam gas. At the same time, it has the advantage of high sealing performance when used in power plants such as nuclear power plants. It solves the problem that traditional cooling and condensation devices are more suitable for gas cooling than liquid cooling, resulting in low efficiency for liquid cooling. When facing high-temperature cooling water equipment with fast output flow rate, it cannot even fully meet the cooling requirements. Moreover, it is not suitable for use in the nuclear power plant environment, which limits its application in power plants and nuclear power plants.

[0005] (II) Technical Solution: To achieve the goal of rapidly and effectively cooling and condensing large quantities of high-pressure, high-temperature liquid cooling water or high-temperature, high-pressure steam gas without being affected by the state of the cooled substance, and to maintain high sealing performance when used in power plants such as nuclear power plants, this invention provides the following technical solution: a vortex-type rapid cooling and condensation device for nuclear power plants, comprising a shell, an inlet, and an outlet. The inlet is coaxially disposed at the bottom of the shell, and the outlet penetrates the outer wall of the bottom of the shell. High-temperature, high-pressure cooled liquid is introduced into the inlet. A particle adjustment module for adjusting the size of water vapor particles is disposed above the inlet. The high-temperature, high-pressure cooled liquid is sprayed into the particle regulating module and dispersed into high-temperature water vapor. The particle regulating module is fixedly connected to the top surface of the shell. A gas reflux structure is coaxially arranged inside the shell. A gas reflux channel is provided inside the gas reflux structure. A water vapor condensation channel is provided between the shell and the gas reflux structure. A reflux port connecting the water vapor condensation channel and the gas reflux channel is provided at the connection position between the gas reflux structure and the shell. Two or more condensation plates are provided inside the water vapor condensation channel. Cooling holes are opened on the condensation plates. Low-temperature liquid is introduced into the condensation plates.

[0006] Preferably, a turbine fan is provided at the bottom of the water vapor condensation channel to circulate the gas inside, and a drive module is provided on the outside of the vortex fan to drive its movement. The turbine fan and the housing are connected in a sealed manner.

[0007] Preferably, a pressure shell is coaxially disposed outside the housing, the pressure shell encloses the housing, and a high-pressure sealed cavity through which high-pressure gas is introduced is disposed between the pressure shell and the housing. The pressure inside the high-pressure sealed cavity is greater than the pressure inside the housing, and a pressure measuring module for detecting pressure changes inside the high-pressure sealed cavity is installed outside the pressure shell.

[0008] Preferably, a flow guide structure in the shape of a frustum is provided below the water vapor condensation channel, and a conical directional structure that causes the high-temperature water vapor to move upward is also provided between the flow guide structure and the water inlet.

[0009] Preferably, a water storage tank for storing cooled water is provided below the flow guiding structure, and a water outlet is connected to the bottom of the water storage tank.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom of the condenser plate is provided with a water supply structure that guides the cooled water without being affected by the airflow inside the shell, and the other end of the water supply structure is connected to a flow guide structure.

[0011] Preferably, the condenser plate is installed at an angle, the surface of the condenser plate is provided with a hydrophobic frosted layer, and a heat dissipation module is also provided on the outside of the condenser plate to reduce the temperature of the cooling water inside the condenser plate.

[0012] (III) Beneficial Effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a rapid cooling and condensation device for vortex nuclear power plants, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The rapid cooling and condensation device for vortex nuclear power plants, through the combined use of the particle adjustment module and the water inlet structure, can directly cool the material introduced into the equipment. If the material introduced is liquid, the cooling efficiency is low. However, compared with this traditional equipment, the rapid cooling and condensation device for vortex nuclear power plants can convert high-temperature and high-pressure liquid water back into high-temperature water vapor, and then cool it inside the shell. Since water vapor has more sufficient contact with the condensation plate than liquid water, the cooling efficiency of the cooling and condensation device is improved.

[0013] 2. This vortex nuclear power plant's rapid cooling and condensation device, through the coordinated use of a gas recirculation structure, gas recirculation channel, water vapor condensation channel, and recirculation port, differs from traditional technologies that only allow for unidirectional cooling. This cooling and condensation equipment can recirculate and recondense water vapor that has not yet undergone complete cooling and condensation. The uncooled and partially condensed water vapor, along with other gases, re-enters the water vapor condensation channel through the gas recirculation channel, forming a cycle. This circulation mechanism allows uncondensed water vapor to repeatedly enter the water vapor condensation channel for re-cooling and condensation, ultimately forming low-temperature water droplets, increasing water vapor utilization. Simultaneously, the gas recirculation channel promotes gas flow within the shell, enhancing the cooling efficiency of the water vapor condensation channel. This helps improve the cooling effect within the water vapor condensation channel, optimizes gas circulation within the device, and improves the overall system efficiency.

[0014] 3. This vortex-type nuclear power plant rapid cooling and condensation device, through the combined use of a condenser plate structure and a cooling hole structure, compared to traditional technical structures, utilizes multiple condenser plates and cooling holes combined with low-temperature liquid circulation. This increases the contact area between high-temperature water vapor and the condenser plates, and improves the cooling efficiency of the condenser plates. This results in high-temperature water vapor being rapidly cooled and condensed into low-temperature water droplets, thus improving condensation efficiency.

[0015] 4. This vortex-type rapid cooling and condensation device for nuclear power plants, through the coordinated use of a vortex fan structure, a water vapor condensation channel, and a gas return channel, achieves a significant improvement over traditional technologies. The vortex fan generates vortices within the water vapor condensation and gas return channels, promoting gas mixing and increasing diffusion. This mixing effect alters the non-uniformity of gas velocity, temperature, or composition, thereby enhancing the exchange and mixing of substances. The vortices generated by the vortex fan alter the fluid's temperature distribution and mass transfer rate, improving heat and mass transfer efficiency and enhancing the processes in the water vapor condensation and gas return channels. The vortices also allow gases with different velocities, temperatures, or compositions to mix more thoroughly, further promoting the exchange and mixing of substances. This improves the uniformity and stability of the fluid components and optimizes the heat and mass transfer processes.

[0016] 5. This vortex nuclear power plant rapid cooling and condensation device, through the coordinated use of the shell, pressure vessel, and high-pressure sealed chamber, compared to traditional technical structures, ensures that high-pressure gas inside the shell will not leak out, thereby reducing safety hazards. The pressure inside the high-pressure sealed chamber is greater than the pressure inside the shell, ensuring the sealing of the device and avoiding potential safety problems caused by material leakage.

[0017] 6. This vortex-type nuclear power plant rapid cooling and condensation device, through the combined use of a flow-guiding structure and a directional structure, optimizes liquid flow compared to traditional technologies. In particular, the frustum-shaped flow-guiding structure helps guide the liquid flow direction, improves the flow path, and may increase the efficiency of liquid movement within the channel. The conical directional structure guides high-temperature water vapor upwards and changes the lateral flow to a vertical flow direction, accelerating the gas flow rate inside the device, increasing gas circulation speed, and optimizing the liquid flow path, potentially improving the condensation efficiency within the device. This facilitates faster cooling of high-temperature water vapor and promotes the condensation of water vapor into low-temperature water droplets.

[0018] 7. The rapid cooling and condensation device for this vortex nuclear power plant, through the combined use of a condensation plate structure and a frosted layer structure, compared with traditional technical structures, features a hydrophobic frosted layer on the surface of the condensation plate, which helps to improve the water vapor condensation effect of the condensation plate. The micro-uneven structure and surface defects of the frosted layer provide more efficiency for water vapor accumulation and water droplet formation, which helps to optimize the conversion process of water vapor to liquid water and enhance the condensation capacity of the condensation plate. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the vortex-type nuclear power plant rapid cooling and condensation device of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the vortex-type nuclear power plant rapid cooling and condensation device of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the vortex-type nuclear power plant rapid cooling and condensation device of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of Embodiment 3 of the vortex-type nuclear power plant rapid cooling and condensation device of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the condenser plate structure of the vortex-type nuclear power plant rapid cooling and condensation device of the present invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 1-Shell, 2-Inlet, 3-Outlet, 4-Particle adjustment module, 5-Gas reflux structure, 6-Gas reflux channel, 7-Water vapor condensation channel, 8-Reflux port, 9-Condensation plate, 10-Cooling hole, 11-Turbine fan, 12-Drive module, 13-Pressure shell, 14-High-pressure sealed cavity, 15-Pressure measuring module, 16-Flow guiding structure, 17-Directional structure, 18-Water storage tank, 19-Water conveyance structure, 20-Frosted layer, 21-Heat dissipation module. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1-2A rapid cooling and condensation device for a vortex nuclear power plant includes a shell 1, an inlet 2, and an outlet 3. The inlet 2 is coaxially located at the bottom of the shell 1, and the outlet 3 penetrates the outer wall of the bottom of the shell 1. High-temperature, high-pressure cooling liquid is introduced into the inlet 2. The pressure of the high-temperature, high-pressure cooling liquid is greater than atmospheric pressure and below a critical temperature of 374 degrees Celsius. A particle regulating module 4 is installed above the inlet 2 to adjust the size of water vapor particles. Because the inlet 2 is filled with high-temperature, high-pressure cooling liquid, when the high-temperature, high-pressure cooling liquid is ejected from the inlet 2, it collides with the particle regulating module 4 and is dispersed into high-temperature water vapor. Simultaneously, the generated high-temperature water vapor diffuses around the particle regulating module 4. Since the pressure of the cooling liquid is greater than atmospheric pressure and below a critical temperature of 374 degrees Celsius, the cooling liquid... The liquid has a low boiling point but is liquid under high pressure. After pressure reduction inside the shell 1, the vaporization of the cooled liquid is accelerated by the pressure drop and impact atomization. The particle adjustment module 4 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the shell 1. The impact surface of the particle adjustment module 4, referencing an impact sprayer, can be designed as a flat or curved surface to adapt to different atomization range requirements. That is, the larger the incident angle of the particle adjustment module 4 relative to the inlet 2 or the larger the impact surface area, the stronger the dispersion effect of the particle adjustment module 4 on the cooled liquid. A gas reflux structure 5 is coaxially arranged inside the shell 1, and a gas reflux channel 6 is provided within the gas reflux structure 5. A water vapor condensation channel 7 is provided between the shell 1 and the gas reflux structure 5. A return port 8 is provided at the connection position between the return structure 5 and the shell 1, connecting the water vapor condensation channel 7 and the gas return channel 6. The gas return channel 6 can promote gas flow inside the shell 1 and enhance the cooling efficiency of the water vapor condensation channel 7. Two or more condensing plates 9 are provided inside the water vapor condensation channel 7. Cooling holes 10 are opened on the condensing plates 9. The cooling holes 10 can increase the contact area between the high-temperature water vapor and the condensing plates 9, and improve the cooling efficiency of the condensing plates 9. A low-temperature liquid is introduced into the condensing plates 9. The low-temperature liquid can be water, cooling oil, or other coolants with an introduction temperature below 100 degrees Celsius. Under normal circumstances, the gas pressure inside the shell 1 is higher than atmospheric pressure. Due to the high temperature and low density of the high-temperature water vapor, it will flow towards... The gas flows upwards, and when it reaches the water vapor condensation channel 7, the high-temperature water vapor comes into contact with the low-temperature condensing plate 9. The low-temperature condensing plate 9 quickly cools the high-temperature water vapor, causing it to cool down and condense into low-temperature water droplets. The cooled water droplets flow along the outer wall of the shell 1 to the bottom outlet 3 and are discharged. The remaining gas flows along the water vapor condensation channel 7 from the return port 8 to the gas return channel 6, and then re-enters the water vapor condensation channel 7 from the particle adjustment module 4 at the bottom of the gas return channel 6 to complete the internal gas circulation of the device. If there is still some water vapor in the gas that has not been cooled and condensed by the condensing plate 9, this water vapor will re-enter the water vapor condensation channel 7 with the gas circulation to cool down and condense again until it forms low-temperature water droplets.

[0027] Please see Figure 1A turbine fan 11 is installed at the bottom of the water vapor condensation channel 7 to circulate the gas inside. A drive module 12 is installed on the outside of the vortex fan to drive its movement. The turbine fan 11 is sealed to the housing 1. The vortex fan can generate vortices in the water vapor condensation channel 7 and the gas return channel 6. The vortex promotes gas mixing and increases the diffusion effect. It can mix gases with different speeds, temperatures or compositions, promote the exchange and mixing of substances, change the temperature distribution of the fluid and the rate of material transfer, and improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency.

[0028] Please see Figure 1 Below the water vapor condensation channel 7, a frustum-shaped flow guide structure 16 is provided. The flow guide structure 16 facilitates the flow of liquid. Between the flow guide structure 16 and the water inlet 2, a conical directional structure 17 is also provided to cause the high-temperature water vapor to move upward. The directional structure 17 can change the horizontal flow of high-temperature water vapor generated by the particle adjustment module 4 into a vertical flow direction, increasing the gas circulation speed within the device and increasing the cooling and condensation efficiency of the device. Below the flow guide structure 16, a water storage tank 18 for storing the cooled water is provided, and the bottom of the water storage tank 18 is connected to a water outlet 3.

[0029] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 5 The condenser plate 9 is installed at an angle, and a hydrophobic frosted layer 20 is provided on its surface. This frosted layer 20 helps improve the water vapor condensation effect of the condenser plate 9. The surface roughness of the frosted layer 20 increases the effective surface area, increasing the likelihood of water vapor condensation. Simultaneously, its high surface energy and microscopic inhomogeneity provide more condensation nuclei for water vapor, promoting the conversion of water vapor into liquid water. Furthermore, the frosted layer 20 provides more microscopic uneven structures and surface defects, offering more possibilities for water vapor accumulation and droplet formation, thereby enhancing the condensation capacity of the condenser plate 9. The combination of these properties allows the condenser plate 9 to more effectively convert water vapor in the gas into liquid water. A heat dissipation module 21 is also provided on the outside of the condenser plate 9 to reduce the temperature of the cooling water inside the condenser plate 9.

[0030] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 2-3The rapid cooling and condensation device for a vortex nuclear power plant includes a shell 1, an inlet 2, and an outlet 3. The inlet 2 is coaxially located at the bottom of the shell 1, and the outlet 3 penetrates the outer wall of the bottom of the shell 1. High-temperature and high-pressure cooling liquid is introduced into the inlet 2. A particle regulating module 4 is installed above the inlet 2 to regulate the size of water vapor particles. Because the inlet 2 is filled with high-temperature and high-pressure cooling liquid, when the high-temperature and high-pressure cooling liquid is sprayed out from the inlet 2, it collides with the particle regulating module 4 and is dispersed into high-temperature water vapor, simultaneously generating… High-temperature water vapor diffuses around the particle regulating module 4. The other end of the particle regulating module 4 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the housing 1. A gas reflux structure 5 is coaxially arranged inside the housing 1, and a gas reflux channel 6 is provided within the gas reflux structure 5. A water vapor condensation channel 7 is provided between the housing 1 and the gas reflux structure 5. A reflux port 8 connecting the water vapor condensation channel 7 and the gas reflux channel 6 is provided at the connection point between the gas reflux structure 5 and the housing 1. The gas reflux channel 6 can promote gas flow within the housing 1 and enhance water vapor condensation. To improve the cooling efficiency of channel 7, two or more condensing plates 9 are installed inside the water vapor condensation channel 7. Cooling holes 10 are provided on the condensing plates 9. The cooling holes 10 increase the contact area between the high-temperature water vapor and the condensing plates 9, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the condensing plates 9. A low-temperature liquid flows through the condensing plates 9. Because the high-temperature water vapor has a higher temperature and lower density, it flows upwards. When it reaches the water vapor condensation channel 7, the high-temperature water vapor comes into contact with the low-temperature condensing plates 9, which rapidly cool the high-temperature water vapor, causing it to condense into low-temperature water. The cooled water droplets flow along the outer wall of the shell 1 to the bottom outlet 3 and are discharged. The remaining gas flows from the return port 8 to the gas return channel 6 along the water vapor condensation channel 7, and re-enters the water vapor condensation channel 7 from the particle adjustment module 4 at the bottom of the gas return channel 6 to complete the gas circulation inside the device. If there is still some water vapor in the gas that has not been cooled and condensed by the condenser plate 9, the water vapor will re-enter the water vapor condensation channel 7 with the gas circulation to cool and condense again until low-temperature water droplets are formed.

[0031] Please see Figure 3 A turbine fan 11 is installed at the bottom of the water vapor condensation channel 7 to circulate the gas inside. A drive module 12 is installed on the outside of the vortex fan to drive its movement. The turbine fan 11 is sealed to the housing 1. The vortex fan can generate vortices in the water vapor condensation channel 7 and the gas return channel 6. The vortex promotes gas mixing and increases the diffusion effect. It can mix gases with different speeds, temperatures or compositions, promote the exchange and mixing of substances, change the temperature distribution of the fluid and the rate of material transfer, and improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency.

[0032] Please see Figure 3Below the water vapor condensation channel 7, a frustum-shaped flow guide structure 16 is provided. The flow guide structure 16 facilitates the flow of liquid. Between the flow guide structure 16 and the water inlet 2, a conical directional structure 17 is also provided to cause the high-temperature water vapor to move upward. The directional structure 17 can change the horizontal flow of high-temperature water vapor generated by the particle adjustment module 4 into a vertical flow direction, increasing the gas circulation speed within the device and increasing the cooling and condensation efficiency of the device. Below the flow guide structure 16, a water storage tank 18 for storing the cooled water is provided, and the bottom of the water storage tank 18 is connected to a water outlet 3.

[0033] Please see Figure 3 The bottom of the condenser plate 9 is provided with a water supply structure 19 that guides the cooled water without being affected by the airflow inside the shell 1, and the other end of the water supply structure 19 is connected to a flow guide structure 16.

[0034] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 5 The condenser plate 9 is installed at an angle, and a hydrophobic frosted layer 20 is provided on its surface. This frosted layer 20 helps improve the water vapor condensation effect of the condenser plate 9. The surface roughness of the frosted layer 20 increases the effective surface area, increasing the likelihood of water vapor condensation. Simultaneously, its high surface energy and microscopic inhomogeneity provide more condensation nuclei for water vapor, promoting the conversion of water vapor into liquid water. Furthermore, the frosted layer 20 provides more microscopic uneven structures and surface defects, offering more possibilities for water vapor accumulation and droplet formation, thereby enhancing the condensation capacity of the condenser plate 9. The combination of these properties allows the condenser plate 9 to more effectively convert water vapor in the gas into liquid water. A heat dissipation module 21 is also provided on the outside of the condenser plate 9 to reduce the temperature of the cooling water inside the condenser plate 9.

[0035] Example 3: Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4The rapid cooling and condensation device for a vortex nuclear power plant includes a shell 1, an inlet 2, and an outlet 3. The inlet 2 is coaxially located at the bottom of the shell 1, and the outlet 3 penetrates the outer wall of the bottom of the shell 1. High-temperature and high-pressure cooling liquid is introduced into the inlet 2. A particle regulating module 4 is installed above the inlet 2 to regulate the size of water vapor particles. Because the inlet 2 is filled with high-temperature and high-pressure cooling liquid, when the high-temperature and high-pressure cooling liquid is sprayed out from the inlet 2, it collides with the particle regulating module 4 and is dispersed into high-temperature water vapor, simultaneously generating… High-temperature water vapor diffuses around the particle regulating module 4. The other end of the particle regulating module 4 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the housing 1. A gas reflux structure 5 is coaxially arranged inside the housing 1, and a gas reflux channel 6 is provided within the gas reflux structure 5. A water vapor condensation channel 7 is provided between the housing 1 and the gas reflux structure 5. A reflux port 8 connecting the water vapor condensation channel 7 and the gas reflux channel 6 is provided at the connection point between the gas reflux structure 5 and the housing 1. The gas reflux channel 6 can promote gas flow within the housing 1 and enhance water vapor condensation. To improve the cooling efficiency of channel 7, two or more condensing plates 9 are installed inside the water vapor condensation channel 7. Cooling holes 10 are provided on the condensing plates 9. The cooling holes 10 increase the contact area between the high-temperature water vapor and the condensing plates 9, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the condensing plates 9. A low-temperature liquid flows through the condensing plates 9. Because the high-temperature water vapor has a higher temperature and lower density, it flows upwards. When it reaches the water vapor condensation channel 7, the high-temperature water vapor comes into contact with the low-temperature condensing plates 9, which rapidly cool the high-temperature water vapor, causing it to condense into low-temperature water. The cooled water droplets flow along the outer wall of the shell 1 to the bottom outlet 3 and are discharged. The remaining gas flows from the return port 8 to the gas return channel 6 along the water vapor condensation channel 7, and re-enters the water vapor condensation channel 7 from the particle adjustment module 4 at the bottom of the gas return channel 6 to complete the gas circulation inside the device. If there is still some water vapor in the gas that has not been cooled and condensed by the condenser plate 9, the water vapor will re-enter the water vapor condensation channel 7 with the gas circulation to cool and condense again until low-temperature water droplets are formed.

[0036] Please see Figure 4 A turbine fan 11 is installed at the bottom of the water vapor condensation channel 7 to circulate the gas inside. A drive module 12 is installed on the outside of the vortex fan to drive its movement. The turbine fan 11 is sealed to the housing 1. The vortex fan can generate vortices in the water vapor condensation channel 7 and the gas return channel 6. The vortex promotes gas mixing and increases the diffusion effect. It can mix gases with different speeds, temperatures or compositions, promote the exchange and mixing of substances, change the temperature distribution of the fluid and the rate of material transfer, and improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency.

[0037] Please see Figure 4A pressure shell 13 is coaxially arranged outside the housing 1, enclosing the housing 1. A high-pressure sealed cavity 14, through which high-pressure gas is introduced, is provided between the pressure shell 13 and the housing 1. The high-pressure gas can be an inert gas. The pressure inside the high-pressure sealed cavity 14 is greater than the pressure inside the housing 1. The gas inside the high-pressure sealed cavity 14 can prevent the leakage of substances inside the housing 1, reducing safety hazards. A pressure measuring module 15 is installed outside the pressure shell 13 to detect changes in the internal pressure of the high-pressure sealed cavity 14. When the pressure measuring module 15 detects a change in the pressure value inside the high-pressure sealed cavity 14, it can promptly remind maintenance personnel to perform maintenance on the device to avoid safety problems.

[0038] Please see Figure 4 Below the water vapor condensation channel 7, a frustum-shaped flow guide structure 16 is provided. The flow guide structure 16 facilitates the flow of liquid. Between the flow guide structure 16 and the water inlet 2, a conical directional structure 17 is also provided to cause the high-temperature water vapor to move upward. The directional structure 17 can change the horizontal flow of high-temperature water vapor generated by the particle adjustment module 4 into a vertical flow direction, increasing the gas circulation speed within the device and increasing the cooling and condensation efficiency of the device. Below the flow guide structure 16, a water storage tank 18 for storing the cooled water is provided, and the bottom of the water storage tank 18 is connected to a water outlet 3.

[0039] Please see Figure 4 The bottom of the condenser plate 9 is provided with a water supply structure 19 that guides the cooled water without being affected by the airflow inside the shell 1, and the other end of the water supply structure 19 is connected to a flow guide structure 16.

[0040] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 5 The condenser plate 9 is installed at an angle, and a hydrophobic frosted layer 20 is provided on its surface. This frosted layer 20 helps improve the water vapor condensation effect of the condenser plate 9. The surface roughness of the frosted layer 20 increases the effective surface area, increasing the likelihood of water vapor condensation. Simultaneously, its high surface energy and microscopic inhomogeneity provide more condensation nuclei for water vapor, promoting the conversion of water vapor into liquid water. Furthermore, the frosted layer 20 provides more microscopic uneven structures and surface defects, offering more possibilities for water vapor accumulation and droplet formation, thereby enhancing the condensation capacity of the condenser plate 9. The combination of these properties allows the condenser plate 9 to more effectively convert water vapor in the gas into liquid water. A heat dissipation module 21 is also provided on the outside of the condenser plate 9 to reduce the temperature of the cooling water inside the condenser plate 9.

[0041] Working principle: High-temperature and high-pressure cooling liquid is introduced into inlet 2. When the high-temperature and high-pressure cooling liquid is sprayed out from inlet 2, the liquid collides with the particle regulating module 4 and is dispersed into high-temperature water vapor. At the same time, the generated high-temperature water vapor diffuses around the particle regulating module 4. Due to the high temperature and low density of the high-temperature water vapor, it will flow upward. When the high-temperature water vapor flows to the water vapor condensation channel 7, it will come into contact with the low-temperature condensing plate 9. The low-temperature condensing plate 9 will quickly cool the high-temperature water vapor, causing it to cool down and condense into low-temperature water droplets. The cooled water droplets flow along the outer wall of the shell 1 to the bottom outlet 3 and are discharged. The remaining gas will flow along the water vapor condensation channel 7 from the return port 8 to the gas return channel 6, and then re-enter the water vapor condensation channel 7 from the particle regulating module 4 at the bottom of the gas return channel 6 to complete the internal gas circulation of the device. If there is still some water vapor in the gas that has not been cooled and condensed by the condensing plate 9, the water vapor will re-enter the water vapor condensation channel 7 with the gas circulation to cool down and condense again until it forms low-temperature water droplets.

[0042] The vortex fan can generate vortices in the water vapor condensation channel 7 and the gas return channel 6. The vortex promotes gas mixing and increases the diffusion effect. It can mix gases with different speeds, temperatures or compositions, promote the exchange and mixing of substances, change the temperature distribution of the fluid and the rate of material transfer, and improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency.

[0043] The frosted layer 20 of the condenser plate 9 increases the effective surface area, improving the efficiency of water vapor condensation. Simultaneously, its higher surface energy and microscopic inhomogeneity provide more condensation nuclei for water vapor, promoting the conversion of water vapor into liquid water. Furthermore, the frosted layer 20 provides more minute irregularities and surface defects, offering greater possibilities for water vapor aggregation and droplet formation, thus enhancing the condensation capacity of the condenser plate 9. The combination of these properties allows the condenser plate 9 to more effectively convert water vapor in the gas into liquid water.

[0044] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0045] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rapid cooling and condensation device for a vortex-type nuclear power plant, comprising a shell (1), an inlet (2), and an outlet (3), wherein the inlet (2) is coaxially disposed at the bottom of the shell (1), and the outlet (3) penetrates the outer wall of the bottom of the shell (1), characterized in that: High-temperature and high-pressure cooled liquid is introduced into the inlet (2). A particle adjustment module (4) for adjusting the size of water vapor particles is provided above the inlet (2). The particle adjustment module (4) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the shell (1). The high-temperature and high-pressure cooled liquid is sprayed onto the particle adjustment module (4) and dispersed into high-temperature water vapor. A gas reflux structure (5) is coaxially arranged inside the shell (1). A gas reflux channel (6) is provided inside the gas reflux structure (5). A water vapor condensation channel (7) is provided between the shell (1) and the gas reflux structure (5). A reflux port (8) connecting the water vapor condensation channel (7) and the gas reflux channel (6) is provided at the connection position between the gas reflux structure (5) and the shell (1). Two or more condensing plates (9) are provided inside the water vapor condensation channel (7). Cooling holes (10) are opened on the condensing plates (9). Low-temperature liquid is introduced into the condensing plates (9).

2. The vortex-type nuclear power plant rapid cooling and condensation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the water vapor condensation channel (7) is provided with a turbine fan (11) to circulate the gas inside. The outside of the vortex fan is provided with a drive module (12) to drive its movement. The turbine fan (11) and the housing (1) are connected by a sealed connection.

3. The vortex-type nuclear power plant rapid cooling and condensation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure shell (13) is coaxially arranged outside the housing (1). The pressure shell (13) encloses the housing (1). A high-pressure sealed cavity (14) through which high-pressure gas is introduced is provided between the pressure shell (13) and the housing (1). The pressure inside the high-pressure sealed cavity (14) is greater than the pressure inside the housing (1). A pressure measuring module (15) for detecting the pressure change inside the high-pressure sealed cavity (14) is installed outside the pressure shell (13).

4. The vortex-type nuclear power plant rapid cooling and condensation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Below the water vapor condensation channel (7) is a flow guide structure (16) in the shape of a frustum. Between the flow guide structure (16) and the water inlet (2) is a conical directional structure (17) that causes the high-temperature water vapor to move upward.

5. The vortex-type nuclear power plant rapid cooling and condensation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Below the flow guiding structure (16) is a water storage tank (18) for storing the cooled water, and the bottom of the water storage tank (18) is connected to a water outlet (3).

6. The vortex-type nuclear power plant rapid cooling and condensation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the condenser plate (9) is provided with a water conveying structure (19), and the other end of the water conveying structure (19) is connected to a flow guiding structure (16).

7. The vortex-type nuclear power plant rapid cooling and condensation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The condenser plate (9) is installed at an angle. A hydrophobic frosted layer (20) is provided on the surface of the condenser plate (9). A heat dissipation module (21) for reducing the temperature of the cooling water inside the condenser plate (9) is also provided on the outside of the condenser plate (9).

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