Intelligent control method, system and device for power switching and storage medium

Abstract

This invention relates to an intelligent control method, system, device, and storage medium for power switching. The method includes acquiring the main storage status signal of the main power supply and the standby status signal of the standby power supply; performing condition detection on the main storage status signal based on preset switching trigger conditions; when the main storage status signal meets the switching trigger conditions, determining a target switching power supply among the standby power supplies based on the standby status signals corresponding to each standby power supply, and switching the main power supply to the target switching power supply to complete the power switching; after the power switching is completed, continuously monitoring the status monitoring data when the target switching power supply is supplying power, and when an abnormality is detected in the status monitoring data, cutting off the power supply path associated with the target switching power supply and recording fault information. This invention enables comprehensive perception and collaborative judgment of the health status of the power system, thereby overcoming the limitations of single detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of power switching, and in particular to an intelligent control method, system, device, and storage medium for power switching. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing number and performance requirements of in-vehicle electronic devices, the continuity and reliability of power supply systems have become crucial to driving safety and functional stability. Currently, when the main battery suddenly depletes or fails, vehicle power systems typically rely on a single voltage threshold for switching decisions, lacking coordinated sensing of multiple state parameters such as current and temperature. This leads to delayed fault response or malfunctions. Furthermore, the switching process lacks precise timing control and continuous monitoring of power quality after switching, easily causing voltage interruptions or fluctuations at the load end. In scenarios with multiple backup power sources, there is also a lack of intelligent selection strategies based on real-time status and health, making it difficult to balance switching reliability with overall system lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this invention is to provide an intelligent control method, system, device, and storage medium for power switching. By comprehensively collecting multi-dimensional status signals from the main power supply and the backup power supply, it is possible to achieve comprehensive perception and collaborative judgment of the health status of the power system, thereby overcoming the limitations of single detection and improving the accuracy and foresight of fault identification.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an intelligent control method for power switching, comprising: Collect the main storage status signal of the main power supply and the standby status signal of the backup power supply; The main storage status signal is conditionally detected based on preset switching trigger conditions; When the main storage status signal meets the switching trigger condition, the target switching power supply is determined among the backup power supplies based on the backup status signal corresponding to each backup power supply, and the main storage power supply is switched to the target switching power supply to complete the power supply switching. After the power supply switch is completed, the status monitoring data of the target switching power supply is continuously monitored. When the status monitoring data is detected to be abnormal, the power supply path associated with the target switching power supply is cut off and the fault information is recorded.

[0005] Furthermore, the acquisition of the main storage status signal of the main power supply and the standby status signal of the standby power supply includes: Read the corresponding first voltage value, first current value, and first temperature value from the monitoring interface of the main power supply; Read the corresponding second voltage value, second current value and second temperature value from the monitoring interface of each of the backup power supplies; The first voltage value, the first current value, and the first temperature value are filtered and integrated to obtain the main storage status signal; The second voltage value, the second current value, and the second temperature value are filtered and integrated to obtain the standby status signal.

[0006] Furthermore, the conditional detection of the main storage status signal based on preset switching trigger conditions includes: The main storage voltage value in the main storage status signal is compared with the undervoltage voltage threshold of the first switching condition. If the main storage voltage value is lower than the undervoltage voltage threshold, the first switching condition is triggered. The main storage current value is compared with the overcurrent threshold of the second switching condition. If the main storage current value exceeds the overcurrent threshold, the second switching condition is triggered. The main storage temperature value is compared with the overheating temperature threshold of the third switching condition. If the main storage temperature value exceeds the overheating temperature threshold, the third switching condition is triggered. The switching triggering condition includes the first switching condition, the second switching condition, and the third switching condition; When the main storage status signal triggers any of the switching trigger conditions, it is determined that the main storage status signal satisfies the switching trigger conditions.

[0007] Furthermore, the method for determining whether the first switching condition is triggered also includes: The main storage voltage values ​​within multiple consecutive voltage sampling periods are recorded and integrated to form a short-term voltage sequence; Calculate the slope of the change in the short-term voltage sequence; If the slope of change is less than zero and its absolute value is greater than a preset slope threshold, a downward trend indicator is generated. The main storage voltage value is compared with the warning voltage threshold of the first switching condition, wherein the warning voltage threshold is higher than the undervoltage voltage threshold; If the main storage voltage value is lower than the warning voltage threshold and the downward trend flag is in a valid state, then the first switching condition is determined to be triggered.

[0008] Further, when the main storage status signal meets the switching trigger condition, the target switching power supply is determined among the backup power supplies based on the backup status signals corresponding to each backup power supply, and the main storage power supply is switched to the target switching power supply to complete the power supply switching, including: Extract backup electrical parameters and backup temperature parameters from the backup status signal; The backup electrical parameters are compared with a preset electrical availability threshold, and the backup temperature parameters are compared with a preset temperature availability threshold; If the backup electrical parameter of a certain backup power source is higher than the electrical availability threshold and the corresponding backup temperature parameter is lower than the temperature availability threshold, then the backup power source is marked as a candidate power source. When there are multiple candidate power sources, one of the candidate power sources is determined as the target switching power source according to a preset priority rule. Based on the target switching power supply, a power path switching operation is performed to complete the power supply switching from the main storage power supply to the target switching power supply.

[0009] Further, the step of performing a power path switching operation based on the target switching power supply to complete the power supply switching from the main storage power supply to the target switching power supply includes: Send a turn-on command to the target switching unit associated with the target switching power supply, and start the first delay timer after receiving the turn-on confirmation feedback returned by the target switching unit; When the first delay timer ends, a shutdown command is sent to the main storage switch unit corresponding to the main storage power supply, and the shutdown confirmation feedback returned by the main storage switch unit is verified. After verifying the shutdown confirmation feedback, a second delay timer is started, and the power supply voltage value of the target switching power supply is continuously collected during the second delay timer. If the power supply voltage value remains within the preset operating voltage range before the second delay timer ends, the power supply switching is determined to be successful; otherwise, the switching is interrupted and the target switching power supply is re-selected.

[0010] Furthermore, after the power supply switch is completed, the status monitoring data during the supply of the target switching power supply is continuously monitored. When the status monitoring data is detected to be abnormal, the power supply path associated with the target switching power supply is cut off and fault information is recorded, including: The status monitoring data of the target switching power supply is continuously collected at a preset monitoring sampling period; The status monitoring data is matched with a preset set of operating status rules; If the status monitoring data does not meet any of the judgment rules in the operation status rule set, then an operation abnormality is determined, the time of the detected abnormality and the triggered judgment rule are recorded, and a protection instruction is generated. Based on the protection command, the power supply path is controlled to disconnect from the target switching power supply, and the switching trigger condition is masked. The time of the abnormal occurrence and the judgment rule are integrated into the fault information.

[0011] The present invention also provides an intelligent control system for power switching, applied to the intelligent control method for power switching described in any one of the above claims, comprising: The acquisition module is used to acquire the main storage status signal of the main power supply and the standby status signal of the standby power supply. An analysis module is used to perform condition detection on the main storage status signal based on preset switching trigger conditions. The association module is used to determine the target switching power supply among the backup power supplies based on the backup status signals corresponding to each backup power supply when the main storage status signal meets the switching trigger condition, and to switch the main storage power supply to the target switching power supply to complete the power supply switching. The processing module is used to continuously monitor the status monitoring data when the target switching power supply is powered after the power supply switching is completed. When the status monitoring data is detected to be abnormal, the power supply path associated with the target switching power supply is cut off and the fault information is recorded.

[0012] The present invention also provides an intelligent control device for power switching, comprising: Memory, used to store programs; A processor is configured to execute the program to implement the steps of a power switching intelligent control method as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0013] The present invention also provides a storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to perform any of the methods described above.

[0014] The intelligent power switching control method, system, device, and storage medium provided by this invention have the following beneficial effects: By comprehensively collecting multi-dimensional status signals from the main power supply and backup power supplies, a complete perception and collaborative judgment of the power system's health status can be achieved, overcoming the limitations of single detection and improving the accuracy and foresight of fault identification. Based on a preset multi-condition switching trigger mechanism, the main power supply status is monitored, enabling timely initiation of the switching process when any fault occurs, such as abnormal voltage, overload current, or excessive temperature, significantly improving the response capability and power supply continuity to complex faults. By intelligently determining the target switching power supply based on the real-time status signals of each backup power supply, optimal switching among multiple backup power supplies is achieved, ensuring the quality and reliability of the power supply after switching. The switching logic of first establishing the target path and then disconnecting the original path is used to execute the power supply switching. Combined with continuous status monitoring and anomaly protection mechanisms after switching, a smooth transition and stable supply of load-side voltage are ensured, effectively avoiding the impact of power outages or fluctuations on critical vehicle equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the intelligent control method for power switching provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the intelligent control system for power switching provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the intelligent control device for power switching provided by the present invention.

[0016] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0018] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an intelligent control method for power switching, comprising: Step S1: Collect the main storage status signal of the main power supply and the standby status signal of the standby power supply; Specifically, physical connections are established with the monitoring interfaces or external sensor networks of the main power supply and each backup power supply via a communication bus. The monitoring interface continuously outputs raw analog or digital signals characterizing the basic electrical and thermal states of the power supply. At a pre-set fixed sampling frequency, the system synchronously and cyclically reads the first voltage value reflecting the instantaneous output voltage, the first current value flowing in the output circuit, and the first temperature value on the surface of the power supply casing or key power devices from the designated interface of the main power supply. Similarly, the system reads the second voltage value, second current value, and second temperature value from the corresponding interface of each backup power supply in parallel. A digital filtering algorithm based on the low-pass filtering principle is applied to each signal to suppress random interference and extract effective components that stably reflect trends. After filtering, the effective data of voltage, current, and temperature belonging to the same power supply are standardized and encapsulated to form a status signal packet. For the main power supply, this status signal packet is defined as the main power supply status signal; for each backup power supply, a corresponding backup status signal is generated.

[0020] Step S2: Perform condition detection on the main storage status signal based on preset switching trigger conditions; Specifically, the main storage status signal is analyzed, the main storage voltage value is extracted, and compared with the undervoltage threshold corresponding to the first switching condition. If the main storage voltage value is lower than the undervoltage threshold, the first switching condition is immediately triggered. Simultaneously, the main storage current value is extracted and compared with the overcurrent threshold corresponding to the second switching condition. If the main storage current value exceeds this threshold, the second switching condition is triggered. Furthermore, the main storage temperature value is compared with the overheating temperature threshold set for the third switching condition; if the temperature exceeds the threshold, the third switching condition is triggered. Voltage values ​​within multiple sampling periods are continuously recorded to form a short-term sequence, and the slope of this sequence is calculated. If the slope is negative and the rate of drop exceeds a preset slope threshold, a voltage drop trend indicator is generated. The current voltage value is compared with a warning voltage threshold higher than the undervoltage threshold. When the voltage is lower than the warning threshold and the drop trend indicator is valid, the first switching condition can also be triggered in advance. When any of the above conditions is triggered, the main storage status signal is comprehensively determined to meet the switching trigger condition, thereby initiating the subsequent power selection and switching sequence.

[0021] Step S3: When the main storage status signal meets the switching trigger condition, the target switching power supply is determined among the backup power supplies based on the backup status signal corresponding to each backup power supply, and the main storage power supply is switched to the target switching power supply to complete the power supply switching. Specifically, the standby status signals of each backup power source are retrieved and analyzed to extract backup electrical parameters (typically referring to the current value related to output voltage and load capacity) and backup temperature parameters. These parameters are then compared with preset reliability thresholds: the electrical parameters must be higher than the electrical availability threshold ensuring normal load operation, while the temperature parameters must be lower than the temperature availability threshold preventing overheating. Backup power sources that meet both conditions are marked as currently available candidate power sources. If there are more than one candidate power source, arbitration is conducted according to preset priority rules; these rules are based on the power source's nominal capacity, historical usage frequency, or physical connection topology, ultimately selecting a single target switching power source. After the target is determined, a series of hardware operations with strict timing and status feedback are executed to complete the switchover.

[0022] A closing command is sent to the target switching unit (such as a relay or solid-state switch) connected to the target switching power supply circuit, and confirmation feedback indicating reliable conduction is received is awaited. Upon receiving the feedback, a first delay timer is initiated to ensure that the target power supply circuit has been fully established and its output is stable. At the end of the first delay, a disconnection command is sent to the main storage switching unit of the main storage power supply circuit, and its disconnection confirmation feedback is verified, thereby realizing the transfer of power supply current. To ensure the instantaneous stability of the system after the switch, a second delay timer is then initiated, and the actual supply voltage value of the target switching power supply is continuously collected during this window period. Only when the voltage value remains within the preset operating voltage range throughout the entire second delay period is the power supply switch confirmed to be successfully completed. If the voltage is abnormal during this verification phase, the process is interrupted and reverts to the step of re-selecting the target switching power supply.

[0023] Step S4: After the power supply switch is completed, continuously monitor the status monitoring data when the target switching power supply is powered. When the status monitoring data is detected to be abnormal, cut off the power supply path associated with the target switching power supply and record the fault information.

[0024] Specifically, at a fixed monitoring sampling period, the status monitoring data of the target switching power supply currently undertaking the power supply task is continuously collected. This data includes key parameters such as its output voltage, output current, and operating temperature. The collected real-time data is sent to a predefined set of operating status rules for matching and judgment. This rule set contains a series of judgment rules, such as the upper and lower limits of allowable voltage, the threshold of current that should not be exceeded, and the safe range of temperature, to define the normal operating range of the power supply. The real-time data is compared with these rules one by one. If all data meets all the requirements of the rule set, the power supply is judged to be operating normally, and the monitoring cycle continues. Once any monitoring data violates any judgment rule, the system immediately judges the operation as abnormal and triggers the protection and recording process. The time of the abnormality and the specific judgment rule identifier that was triggered are accurately recorded, and a protection command is then generated. Based on this command, the power supply path of the target switching power supply is disconnected (usually by operating its corresponding switching unit) to isolate the faulty power supply from the system. During this protection action, the switching trigger condition detection in the main process is temporarily disabled to avoid triggering a meaningless switch to another backup power supply due to the power failure of this path. Finally, the aforementioned records of anomaly occurrence time and triggering judgment rules are integrated and formatted to generate a complete fault information containing timestamp, fault source (target switching power identifier) ​​and fault type, and stored in non-volatile memory.

[0025] The intelligent power switching control method provided by this invention, by comprehensively collecting multi-dimensional status signals from the main power supply and backup power supply, enables comprehensive perception and collaborative judgment of the power system's health status, thereby overcoming the limitations of single detection and improving the accuracy and foresight of fault identification. Based on a preset multi-condition switching trigger mechanism, the main power supply status is detected, enabling timely initiation of the switching process when any fault occurs, such as abnormal voltage, overload current, or excessive temperature, significantly improving the response capability and power supply continuity to complex faults. By intelligently determining the target switching power supply based on the real-time status signals of each backup power supply, optimal switching among multiple backup power supplies is achieved, ensuring the quality and reliability of the power supply after switching. The power switching logic of first establishing the target path and then disconnecting the original path is used to execute the power switching, combined with continuous status monitoring and anomaly protection mechanisms after switching, ensuring a smooth transition and stable supply of load-side voltage, effectively avoiding the impact of power interruption or fluctuation on critical vehicle equipment.

[0026] In one embodiment, the acquisition of the main storage status signal of the main power supply and the standby status signal of the standby power supply includes: Read the corresponding first voltage value, first current value, and first temperature value from the monitoring interface of the main power supply; Read the corresponding second voltage value, second current value and second temperature value from the monitoring interface of each of the backup power supplies; The first voltage value, the first current value, and the first temperature value are filtered and integrated to obtain the main storage status signal; Specifically, a specific digital filter is applied to each independent parameter sequence (such as a voltage sequence). A first-order inertial filtering algorithm is used, based on preset filtering coefficients, to weight the raw value acquired at the current sampling moment with historical values ​​processed over multiple previous cycles, thereby outputting a filtered value. The filtered values ​​of the three independent parameters (voltage, current, and temperature) belonging to the same sampling moment are then organized and encapsulated according to a predetermined data structure and protocol. A main storage status signal is then generated.

[0027] The second voltage value, the second current value, and the second temperature value are filtered and integrated to obtain the standby status signal.

[0028] The method provided in this embodiment effectively suppresses random noise and transient interference introduced during the sampling process by digitally filtering the read first voltage, current, and temperature values, extracting stable signals that characterize the actual operating trend of the power supply, thereby significantly improving the anti-interference capability and reliability of the main storage status signal. Independent filtering of the second voltage, current, and temperature values ​​of each backup power supply eliminates the influence of noise specific to each power supply, generating a set of backup status signals. Integrating the filtered multi-dimensional parameters into structured main storage status signals and backup status signals transforms discrete physical quantities into a unified and complete decision-making unit, greatly facilitating rapid assessment of power supply health and availability comparison in subsequent processes.

[0029] In one embodiment, the conditional detection of the main storage status signal based on preset switching trigger conditions includes: The main storage voltage value in the main storage status signal is compared with the undervoltage voltage threshold of the first switching condition. If the main storage voltage value is lower than the undervoltage voltage threshold, the first switching condition is triggered. Specifically, the main storage voltage value is parsed and extracted from the main storage status signal. Simultaneously, the undervoltage threshold associated with the first switching condition is read from the internally stored configuration parameter area. A numerical comparison operation is performed: the extracted main storage voltage value and the read undervoltage threshold are algebraically compared. If the comparison result shows that the main storage voltage value is numerically less than the undervoltage threshold, the first switching condition is triggered.

[0030] The main storage current value is compared with the overcurrent threshold of the second switching condition. If the main storage current value exceeds the overcurrent threshold, the second switching condition is triggered. Specifically, the main storage status signal is parsed to extract the encapsulated main storage current value field. Simultaneously, the overcurrent threshold bound to the second switching condition is obtained from the configuration parameter area. A numerical comparison operation is performed to determine whether the extracted main storage current value is numerically greater than the obtained overcurrent threshold. If the comparison result shows that the measured current value exceeds the overcurrent threshold, the flag representing the second switching condition is set in the internal status register, thus triggering the second switching condition, indicating that the main storage power supply is in an overload operating state.

[0031] The main storage temperature value is compared with the overheating temperature threshold of the third switching condition. If the main storage temperature value exceeds the overheating temperature threshold, the third switching condition is triggered. Specifically, the received main storage status signal data packets are continuously parsed, and the main storage temperature value field, which is identified as temperature information, is extracted. The overheating temperature threshold associated with the third switching condition is read. It is determined whether the currently acquired main storage temperature value is numerically greater than the overheating temperature threshold. This comparison operation is performed synchronously with the voltage and current detection at the same cycle. If the comparison result shows that the measured temperature value exceeds the overheating temperature threshold, the specific status flag corresponding to the third switching condition is set to valid, thus completing the determination to trigger the third switching condition, indicating that the main storage power supply may be facing the risk of thermal runaway due to overload, poor heat dissipation, or environmental factors.

[0032] The switching triggering condition includes the first switching condition, the second switching condition, and the third switching condition; When the main storage status signal triggers any of the switching trigger conditions, it is determined that the main storage status signal satisfies the switching trigger conditions.

[0033] The method provided in this embodiment achieves precise monitoring of the power supply output voltage status by comparing the main storage voltage value with an independent undervoltage threshold. Once the voltage drops below the safe limit, it can be quickly identified, thus providing basic protection for the power supply system against undervoltage faults. By comparing the main storage current value with an independent overcurrent threshold, the load status of the power supply can be continuously monitored, and abnormal current conditions such as overload or short circuit can be detected in a timely manner, preventing thermal damage or equipment failure due to excessive current. By comparing the main storage temperature value with an independent overheating temperature threshold, the thermal state of the power supply can be effectively monitored, and a timely warning can be issued when the temperature exceeds the safe range, preventing performance degradation or safety risks caused by overheating. By constructing the above three independent detection conditions of voltage, current, and temperature into a complete set of switching trigger conditions, the main fault modes of the power supply can be covered from multiple angles and in all aspects, forming a comprehensive fault diagnosis network.

[0034] In one embodiment, the method for determining whether the first switching condition is triggered further includes: The main storage voltage values ​​within multiple consecutive voltage sampling periods are recorded and integrated to form a short-term voltage sequence; Calculate the slope of the change in the short-term voltage sequence; Specifically, all valid data points are extracted from the circular buffer storing the short-term voltage sequence. Each data point includes the sampling time and the corresponding main storage voltage value. The routine performs a linear fitting operation. The operation uses the sampling time as the independent variable and the main storage voltage value as the dependent variable, and performs a least-squares fit on all data points to find a straight line that best represents the trend of this data set. The fitting process directly outputs the slope parameter of the fitted line, which is defined as the slope of the short-term voltage sequence.

[0035] If the slope of change is less than zero and its absolute value is greater than a preset slope threshold, a downward trend indicator is generated. Specifically, the logic determines whether the sign of the slope is negative (i.e., less than zero) and whether the absolute value of the slope is greater than the absolute value of a preset slope threshold read from memory. These two comparisons are performed simultaneously. Only when both comparisons are true—that is, the slope is indeed negative and the absolute value of its rate of decline exceeds a preset rapid decline threshold—does the logic unit output a valid trigger signal. This trigger signal drives the flag management unit to update the specified downward trend flag from its default invalid state to a valid state.

[0036] The main storage voltage value is compared with the warning voltage threshold of the first switching condition, wherein the warning voltage threshold is higher than the undervoltage voltage threshold; If the main storage voltage value is lower than the warning voltage threshold and the downward trend flag is in a valid state, then the first switching condition is determined to be triggered.

[0037] The method provided in this embodiment effectively identifies rapid voltage decline trends by introducing a trend prediction mechanism based on short-term voltage sequence slope calculation, in addition to the basic comparison between the main storage voltage value and the undervoltage threshold. When the voltage is detected to be in the warning range and accompanied by a rapid decline trend, the switching conditions can be triggered in advance, thereby initiating switching preparation before the voltage actually drops to the fault threshold, significantly shortening the fault response time and improving the system's proactive response capability to slow-changing faults. By establishing a warning voltage threshold higher than the undervoltage threshold and combining it with a declining trend indicator in logical judgment, a shift from single threshold comparison to a composite judgment of state and trend is achieved, avoiding false triggering caused by normal voltage fluctuations and improving the accuracy and reliability of trigger judgment. This prediction mechanism works in conjunction with basic multi-parameter (voltage, current, temperature) trigger conditions to construct a hierarchical fault detection system, enabling the power switching control system not only to cope with various sudden faults but also to intervene early in potential voltage decay risks, thereby maximizing the continuity and stability of power supply to critical loads.

[0038] In one embodiment, when the main storage status signal meets the switching trigger condition, a target switching power supply is determined among the backup power supplies based on the backup status signals corresponding to each backup power supply, and the main storage power supply is switched to the target switching power supply to complete the power supply switching, including: Extract backup electrical parameters and backup temperature parameters from the backup status signal; The backup electrical parameters are compared with a preset electrical availability threshold, and the backup temperature parameters are compared with a preset temperature availability threshold; Specifically, for the currently evaluated backup power supply, its extracted output voltage parameter (voltage value) is compared with a minimum voltage threshold to determine if the voltage value is greater than or equal to the minimum voltage threshold. Its extracted output current parameter (or the percentage of remaining capacity calculated based on this parameter) is compared with a current reference threshold to determine if it meets basic load support requirements. The comparison logic here depends on the specific design; for example, it may require the instantaneous current value to be below a certain limit to indicate no overload, or require the estimated remaining capacity to be above a certain percentage. The second set of comparisons addresses the thermal state. The controller reads a preset temperature availability threshold from memory, which is a single upper temperature limit. Then, the backup temperature parameter (temperature value) of the current backup power supply is compared with the temperature availability threshold to determine if the temperature value is less than the temperature availability threshold. Both sets of comparisons are implemented by the controller's arithmetic logic unit executing standard numerical relationship judgment instructions. Each comparison produces a Boolean (true / false) result. For electrical availability, typically both voltage and current comparison results must be true for the electrical parameter to be considered higher than the electrical availability threshold. For temperature, the temperature parameter is determined to be below the temperature availability threshold only if the temperature comparison result is true (i.e., the measured temperature is lower than the upper limit).

[0039] If the backup electrical parameter of a certain backup power source is higher than the electrical availability threshold and the corresponding backup temperature parameter is lower than the temperature availability threshold, then the backup power source is marked as a candidate power source. When there are multiple candidate power sources, one of the candidate power sources is determined as the target switching power source according to a preset priority rule. Specifically, after forming a candidate power supply set, the number of elements in the set is checked. If the set contains only one candidate power supply, that power supply is directly identified as the target switching power supply without arbitration. If the set contains more than one candidate power supply, a priority arbitration process needs to be initiated. A preset priority rule is read from memory. This rule can take various forms, such as: prioritizing the power supply with the largest capacity based on its nominal capacity; prioritizing the power supply with the shortest cumulative usage time based on historical usage counts to achieve wear leveling; or specifying a default priority order based on a fixed physical connection port sequence. The arbitration process is a sorting or optimization algorithm. All candidate power supplies' attribute data related to the priority rule are obtained (such as capacity information parsed from their respective status signals, or usage counts queried from the historical record module). Then, this attribute data is processed and compared according to the rule. If the rule is capacity priority, the real-time estimated capacity or nominal capacity of each candidate power supply is compared, and the power supply corresponding to the maximum value is identified. If the rule is rotational use, the historical record is queried to find the power supply that has not been used recently or has the fewest usage counts. After the arbitration algorithm completes, a specific backup power identifier is output. This identifier is then officially assigned the identity of the target power switch, and the relevant status registers are updated to reflect this decision.

[0040] Based on the target switching power supply, a power path switching operation is performed to complete the power supply switching from the main storage power supply to the target switching power supply.

[0041] The method provided in this embodiment extracts and compares the electrical and temperature parameters of the backup power supply to achieve a multi-dimensional quantitative assessment of power supply availability, providing an objective and reliable data foundation for subsequent selection and avoiding the risk of misjudgment based on a single parameter. A candidate power supply marking mechanism is employed, marking a power supply only when both electrical and temperature conditions are simultaneously met, eliminating power supplies with insufficient output or overheating risks, thus improving the reliability of target selection. When multiple qualified candidates exist, arbitration is performed according to preset priority rules, upgrading the selection process from availability judgment to intelligent decision-making with optimization guidance. This supports load balancing or lifetime optimization based on strategies such as capacity and usage history, thereby improving the resource utilization efficiency and long-term economics of the backup system. By executing a power path switching operation that includes a strict instruction sequence, status feedback verification, and post-switching voltage monitoring, the rigorous timing control and verification chain ensures a smooth and highly reliable power transfer process, guaranteeing the continuity of power supply to critical loads.

[0042] In one embodiment, the step of performing a power path switching operation based on the target switching power supply to complete the power supply switch from the main storage power supply to the target switching power supply includes: Send a turn-on command to the target switching unit associated with the target switching power supply, and start the first delay timer after receiving the turn-on confirmation feedback returned by the target switching unit; When the first delay timer ends, a shutdown command is sent to the main storage switch unit corresponding to the main storage power supply, and the shutdown confirmation feedback returned by the main storage switch unit is verified. Upon detection of the timeout period ending, the waiting state terminates, and preparations are made to execute the main power supply shutdown operation. The hardware mapping table is consulted to determine the control port of the main power supply switching unit that controls the main power supply path. A shutdown drive signal with the logic opposite to the turn-on command is output through this port (e.g., changing from high to low, or sending a message containing a disconnect command). The shutdown command must be issued strictly after the first delay timeout ends. After the command is issued, the verification process begins. The shutdown feedback channel of the main power supply switching unit is monitored, and the feedback signal is continuously read and its consistency with the expected shutdown valid state mode (e.g., the level corresponding to the closure of the auxiliary normally closed contact) is determined. Only when the read feedback signal stably matches the shutdown valid state is a valid shutdown confirmation feedback received considered received. Upon receiving this feedback, it is confirmed that the main power supply circuit has been reliably physically disconnected, and the load current has been completely transferred to the target switching power supply circuit.

[0043] After verifying the shutdown confirmation feedback, a second delay timer is started, and the power supply voltage value of the target switching power supply is continuously collected during the second delay timer. If the power supply voltage value remains within the preset operating voltage range before the second delay timer ends, the power supply switching is determined to be successful; otherwise, the switching is interrupted and the target switching power supply is re-selected.

[0044] Specifically, upon obtaining a new supply voltage value, it is immediately compared with the preset lower and upper limits of the operating voltage range. This comparison is a numerical relationship judgment, checking whether the voltage value simultaneously meets the conditions of being greater than or equal to the lower limit and less than or equal to the upper limit. If any sampled value exceeds this range, regardless of whether it is overvoltage or undervoltage, the judgment logic immediately records a voltage anomaly event. The status of the second delay timer is continuously monitored. At the end of the timer, the judgment logic checks whether any voltage anomaly event was recorded within the timer window. If no anomaly event occurs during the entire window period, it means that all sampled values ​​are compliant, and the power supply switch is ultimately determined to be successful. The system status is then updated, the current power supply is officially confirmed as the target switching power supply, and the emergency switching mode is exited. Conversely, if a voltage anomaly is detected before the timer ends, or if an anomaly event is confirmed within the window period at the end of the timer, the switch is determined to be a failure. After a failure is determined, an interrupt procedure is executed: an emergency shutdown command is sent to the already activated target switching unit to disconnect it, isolating the load from the currently unqualified target power supply. Subsequently, the target power supply selection results related to this failed attempt are cleared, and the specific power supply is internally marked as unavailable for this fault cycle. Finally, a new round of target switching power supply screening and determination process is triggered.

[0045] The method provided in this embodiment ensures the reliable establishment of the target power supply path by sending a turn-on command and strictly waiting for its confirmation feedback before initiating the first delay. This provides a deterministic physical basis for subsequent switching operations and avoids switching failures due to switch action malfunctions. By sending a turn-off command to the main storage switch unit and verifying its confirmation feedback only after the first delay, a seamless connection of the power supply path is guaranteed at the physical level, fundamentally preventing the load from experiencing any power interruption during the switching process. By initiating a second delay after the turn-off verification and continuously monitoring the supply voltage during this period, intensive verification of the load-carrying capacity and output quality of the power supply after switching is achieved. Only power supplies with consistently stable voltage throughout the verification window are ultimately accepted, ensuring a high degree of reliability and quality assurance for successful switching. By immediately interrupting the process and re-selecting the target power supply in the event of voltage anomalies, a closed-loop fault recovery mechanism is constructed.

[0046] In one embodiment, after the power supply switch is completed, continuously monitoring the status monitoring data during the supply of the target switching power supply, and when an abnormality is detected in the status monitoring data, cutting off the power supply path associated with the target switching power supply and recording fault information, includes: The status monitoring data of the target switching power supply is continuously collected at a preset monitoring sampling period; The status monitoring data is matched with a preset set of operating status rules; Specifically, rule matching is activated whenever a new set of status monitoring data is collected and encapsulated. A preset set of operating status rules is accessed. This set is organized as a data structure, such as a rule table, where each record contains a rule identifier, the corresponding monitoring parameter type, a comparison operator, and a threshold value as a baseline. Voltage, current, and temperature values ​​are extracted from the new status monitoring data and then compared iteratively. For voltage parameters, a rule entry for output voltage is searched in the rule set. This entry contains two thresholds: a lower voltage limit and an upper voltage limit for normal operation. The extracted voltage value is compared to these two thresholds to determine if it is simultaneously greater than or equal to the lower limit and less than or equal to the upper limit. For current parameters, a rule for output current is searched, which sets an overcurrent protection threshold. The extracted current value is determined to be less than or equal to this threshold. For temperature parameters, a rule for power supply temperature is searched, which sets a maximum allowable temperature threshold. The extracted temperature value is determined to be less than this threshold. Each comparison produces a result indicating whether the parameter meets the corresponding rule. The comparison results of all parameters are summarized. Only when the comparison results of all parameters meet the corresponding rules is the overall status monitoring data of this group determined to meet the operating status rule set. If the comparison result of any parameter does not meet the corresponding rule, the data of this group is immediately determined not to meet the rule set.

[0047] If the status monitoring data does not meet any of the judgment rules in the operation status rule set, then an operation abnormality is determined, the time of the detected abnormality and the triggered judgment rule are recorded, and a protection instruction is generated. Specifically, in the matching process, when any monitored parameter violates its corresponding rule—for example, the voltage value exceeds the permissible range, the current value exceeds the permissible upper limit, or the temperature value exceeds the safety threshold—the matching engine immediately stops checking the remaining rules and outputs a matching failure conclusion. This conclusion directly triggers the runtime anomaly judgment logic and records the corresponding trigger time. The real-time clock circuit in the device is accessed to read its current year, month, day, hour, minute, second, and even millisecond count values. This complete time information is encapsulated and stored as a timestamp, which is the time of the anomaly. Simultaneously, the specific rule identifier that caused this matching failure (e.g., "rule ID") is recorded. 01 "Overvoltage", "Rule ID" 02 "Current overload" or "Rule ID" 03The "temperature exceeded" flag is extracted. This identifier is then associated with the aforementioned timestamp. Based on the judgment result of the operational anomaly and the recorded fault elements, a standardized protection instruction is immediately constructed. The data structure of this instruction typically includes an instruction type code (identifying an emergency protection action), a target object identifier (i.e., the target switching power supply currently in power), and an optional fault cause code (i.e., the triggering judgment rule identifier).

[0048] Based on the protection command, the power supply path is controlled to disconnect from the target switching power supply, and the switching trigger condition is masked. The time of the abnormal occurrence and the judgment rule are integrated into the fault information.

[0049] This embodiment provides a method that achieves real-time continuous monitoring of the operating status by periodically monitoring multiple parameters of the power supply after switching. A multi-parameter comprehensive evaluation mechanism is formed by using a preset rule set for data matching, improving the accuracy of anomaly identification. Once an anomaly is detected, the time and rules are immediately recorded, and protection is triggered, achieving rapid automatic response. When executing protection, the faulty power supply is cut off and the main switching conditions are blocked, preventing cascading switching and system oscillation after a fault, ensuring a stable state after an anomaly. Simultaneously, the structured recording of fault information provides accurate basis for subsequent diagnosis and maintenance, enhancing system maintainability.

[0050] Reference Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides an intelligent control system for power switching, applied to the intelligent control method for power switching described in any one of the above claims, comprising: The acquisition module is used to acquire the main storage status signal of the main power supply and the standby status signal of the standby power supply. An analysis module is used to perform condition detection on the main storage status signal based on preset switching trigger conditions. The association module is used to determine the target switching power supply among the backup power supplies based on the backup status signals corresponding to each backup power supply when the main storage status signal meets the switching trigger condition, and to switch the main storage power supply to the target switching power supply to complete the power supply switching. The processing module is used to continuously monitor the status monitoring data when the target switching power supply is powered after the power supply switching is completed. When the status monitoring data is detected to be abnormal, the power supply path associated with the target switching power supply is cut off and the fault information is recorded.

[0051] The intelligent power switching control system provided by this invention comprehensively collects multi-dimensional status signals from the main power supply and backup power supplies, enabling comprehensive perception and collaborative judgment of the power system's health status. This overcomes the limitations of single detection and improves the accuracy and foresight of fault identification. Based on a preset multi-condition switching trigger mechanism, the main power supply status is detected, allowing for timely initiation of the switching process when any fault occurs, such as abnormal voltage, overload current, or excessive temperature. This significantly improves the response capability to complex faults and the continuity of power supply. By intelligently determining the target power supply based on the real-time status signals of each backup power supply, optimal switching among multiple backup power supplies is achieved, ensuring the quality and reliability of the power supply after switching. The power switching logic employs establishing a target path first and then disconnecting the original path, combined with continuous status monitoring and anomaly protection mechanisms after switching, ensuring a smooth transition and stable supply of load-side voltage, effectively avoiding the impact of power interruptions or fluctuations on critical vehicle equipment.

[0052] Reference Figure 3 As shown, the present invention also provides an intelligent control device for power switching, comprising: Memory, used to store programs; A processor is configured to execute the program to implement the steps of a power switching intelligent control method as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0053] The present invention also provides a storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method described in any of the preceding claims.

[0054] In this embodiment, the processor and memory can be connected via a bus or other means. The memory may include volatile memory, such as random access memory; the memory may also include non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory, flash memory, hard disk, or solid-state drive. The processor may be a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present invention.

[0055] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the system and each module described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent control method for power switching, characterized in that, include: Collect the main storage status signal of the main power supply and the standby status signal of the backup power supply; The main storage status signal is conditionally detected based on preset switching trigger conditions; When the main storage status signal meets the switching trigger condition, the target switching power supply is determined among the backup power supplies based on the backup status signal corresponding to each backup power supply, and the main storage power supply is switched to the target switching power supply to complete the power supply switching. After the power supply switch is completed, the status monitoring data of the target switching power supply is continuously monitored. When the status monitoring data is detected to be abnormal, the power supply path associated with the target switching power supply is cut off and the fault information is recorded.

2. The intelligent control method for power switching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of the main storage status signal of the main power supply and the standby status signal of the standby power supply includes: Read the corresponding first voltage value, first current value, and first temperature value from the monitoring interface of the main power supply; Read the corresponding second voltage value, second current value and second temperature value from the monitoring interface of each of the backup power supplies; The first voltage value, the first current value, and the first temperature value are filtered and integrated to obtain the main storage status signal; The second voltage value, the second current value, and the second temperature value are filtered and integrated to obtain the standby status signal.

3. The intelligent control method for power switching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conditional detection of the main storage status signal based on preset switching trigger conditions includes: The main storage voltage value in the main storage status signal is compared with the undervoltage voltage threshold of the first switching condition. If the main storage voltage value is lower than the undervoltage voltage threshold, the first switching condition is triggered. The main storage current value is compared with the overcurrent threshold of the second switching condition. If the main storage current value exceeds the overcurrent threshold, the second switching condition is triggered. The main storage temperature value is compared with the overheating temperature threshold of the third switching condition. If the main storage temperature value exceeds the overheating temperature threshold, the third switching condition is triggered. The switching triggering condition includes the first switching condition, the second switching condition, and the third switching condition; When the main storage status signal triggers any of the switching trigger conditions, it is determined that the main storage status signal satisfies the switching trigger conditions.

4. The intelligent control method for power switching according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method for determining whether the first switching condition is triggered further includes: The main storage voltage values ​​within multiple consecutive voltage sampling periods are recorded and integrated to form a short-term voltage sequence; Calculate the slope of the change in the short-term voltage sequence; If the slope of change is less than zero and its absolute value is greater than a preset slope threshold, a downward trend indicator is generated. The main storage voltage value is compared with the warning voltage threshold of the first switching condition, wherein the warning voltage threshold is higher than the undervoltage voltage threshold; If the main storage voltage value is lower than the warning voltage threshold and the downward trend flag is in a valid state, then the first switching condition is determined to be triggered.

5. The intelligent control method for power switching according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the main storage status signal meets the switching trigger condition, the target switching power supply is determined among the backup power supplies based on the backup status signals corresponding to each backup power supply, and the main storage power supply is switched to the target switching power supply to complete the power supply switching, including: Extract backup electrical parameters and backup temperature parameters from the backup status signal; The backup electrical parameters are compared with a preset electrical availability threshold, and the backup temperature parameters are compared with a preset temperature availability threshold; If the backup electrical parameter of a certain backup power source is higher than the electrical availability threshold and the corresponding backup temperature parameter is lower than the temperature availability threshold, then the backup power source is marked as a candidate power source. When there are multiple candidate power sources, one of the candidate power sources is determined as the target switching power source according to a preset priority rule. Based on the target switching power supply, a power path switching operation is performed to complete the power supply switching from the main storage power supply to the target switching power supply.

6. The intelligent control method for power switching according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of performing a power path switching operation based on the target switching power supply to complete the power supply switch from the main storage power supply to the target switching power supply includes: Send a turn-on command to the target switching unit associated with the target switching power supply, and start the first delay timer after receiving the turn-on confirmation feedback returned by the target switching unit; When the first delay timer ends, a shutdown command is sent to the main storage switch unit corresponding to the main storage power supply, and the shutdown confirmation feedback returned by the main storage switch unit is verified. After verifying the shutdown confirmation feedback, a second delay timer is started, and the power supply voltage value of the target switching power supply is continuously collected during the second delay timer. If the power supply voltage remains within the preset operating voltage range before the second delay ends, the power supply switching is considered successful; otherwise, the switching is interrupted and the target power supply is re-selected.

7. The intelligent control method for power switching according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the power supply switch is completed, the status monitoring data during the supply of the target switching power supply is continuously monitored. When the status monitoring data is detected to be abnormal, the power supply path associated with the target switching power supply is cut off and fault information is recorded, including: The status monitoring data of the target switching power supply is continuously collected at a preset monitoring sampling period; The status monitoring data is matched with a preset set of operating status rules; If the status monitoring data does not meet any of the judgment rules in the operation status rule set, then an operation abnormality is determined, the time of the detected abnormality and the triggered judgment rule are recorded, and a protection instruction is generated. Based on the protection command, the power supply path is controlled to disconnect from the target switching power supply, and the switching trigger condition is masked. The time of the abnormal occurrence and the judgment rule are integrated into the fault information.

8. An intelligent control system for power switching, characterized in that, The intelligent control method for power switching according to any one of claims 1-7 includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the main storage status signal of the main power supply and the standby status signal of the standby power supply. An analysis module is used to perform condition detection on the main storage status signal based on preset switching trigger conditions. The association module is used to determine the target switching power supply among the backup power supplies based on the backup status signals corresponding to each backup power supply when the main storage status signal meets the switching trigger condition, and to switch the main storage power supply to the target switching power supply to complete the power supply switching. The processing module is used to continuously monitor the status monitoring data when the target switching power supply is powered after the power supply switching is completed. When the status monitoring data is detected to be abnormal, the power supply path associated with the target switching power supply is cut off and the fault information is recorded.

9. An intelligent control device for power switching, characterized in that, include: Memory, used to store programs; A processor is configured to execute the program to implement the various steps of the intelligent control method for power switching as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A storage medium, characterized in that, The computer contains computer instructions for causing the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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