Industrial solid waste pyrolysis gasification multistage coupling treatment equipment

Abstract

The present application relates to solid waste treatment technical field, specifically to a kind of industrial solid waste pyrolysis gasification multistage coupling processing equipment, including processing machine, the gasification mechanism is installed on the processing machine, the crushing box is communicated on the processing machine, the gasification mechanism includes the guide plate movably installed in crushing box interior, spring rod is installed in the guide plate side, the purpose of the present application is to provide that the material after screening enters material conveying pipe, part of preheated oxygen-enriched air from gas sending main pipe enters material conveying pipe, and is mixed with material, airflow blows material and is in suspension state in material conveying pipe, and along helical guide column helical advance, helical guide column forced airflow and material produce vortex motion, strengthen gas-solid mixing and heat and mass transfer, increase material and prolong material residence time, improve carbon conversion rate, the strong turbulent flow in cyclone field makes pyrolysis generated tar and high-temperature oxygen-enriched air fully contact, tar macromolecule under high temperature and oxygen-enriched condition occurs partial oxidation cracking, reduce pollution to environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste treatment technology, specifically to a multi-stage coupled treatment device for industrial solid waste pyrolysis and gasification. Background Technology

[0002] Industrial solid waste refers to solid and semi-solid substances generated during industrial production that have lost their original utilization value or have been discarded or abandoned even if they have not lost their utilization value. It mainly includes sludge, waste salt, waste activated carbon, chemical waste residue, oil sludge, smelting waste residue, electroplating sludge, incineration fly ash, waste catalyst, waste resin, waste rubber, waste plastic, waste fiber, etc. The above-mentioned industrial solid waste is characterized by huge output, wide variety, complex composition, large fluctuation in calorific value, high moisture content, and high content of harmful substances. Among them, harmful substances mainly include heavy metal elements, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxin precursors, chlorine, sulfur, and various toxic and harmful chemical additives residues. With the continuous acceleration of my country's industrialization process and the rapid development of the national economy, the amount of industrial solid waste generated has shown a rapid growth trend year by year. Existing industrial solid waste treatment equipment mainly uses incineration technology to treat industrial solid waste. This technology introduces excessive oxygen into the incinerator, causing the organic components in the industrial solid waste to undergo a violent oxidation reaction under high temperature conditions. The hydrocarbon chains of the organic matter are completely destroyed, and it is eventually converted into carbon dioxide and water vapor, releasing a large amount of heat energy. However, the incineration process easily produces highly toxic pollutants such as dioxins and furans, and heavy metals are difficult to stabilize and solidify in fly ash and bottom ash, posing a risk of secondary pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-stage coupled treatment device for industrial solid waste pyrolysis and gasification. The device utilizes screened materials entering a conveying pipe, with partially preheated oxygen-enriched air entering the conveying pipe from the main air supply pipe. The airflow mixes with the materials, causing them to remain suspended within the conveying pipe and spiral forward along a spiral guide column. This spiral guide column forces the airflow and materials to generate vortex motion, enhancing gas-solid mixing and heat and mass transfer, increasing material residence time, and improving carbon conversion rate. The strong turbulence in the swirling flow field ensures sufficient contact between the tar produced by pyrolysis and the high-temperature oxygen-enriched air. Under high temperature and oxygen-enriched conditions, the tar macromolecules undergo partial oxidation and decomposition, reducing environmental pollution.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-stage coupled treatment device for industrial solid waste pyrolysis gasification, comprising a treatment machine, a gasification mechanism installed on the treatment machine, and a crushing box connected to the treatment machine; The gasification mechanism includes a guide plate movably installed inside the crushing box, a spring rod installed on one side of the guide plate, a first screening plate movably installed at the bottom of the guide plate, a conveying pipe sleeved on the outside of the first screening plate, a spiral guide column installed inside the conveying pipe, one end of the conveying pipe being connected to the processor, and an auxiliary mechanism installed on one side of the conveying pipe. The auxiliary mechanism includes a main air supply pipe connected to the material conveying pipe, a heat conduction pipe connected to one side of the processor, the heat conduction pipe being installed on the outside of the main air supply pipe, a porous permeable brick penetrating one side of the main air supply pipe penetrating the processor, a plurality of through holes being formed on the porous permeable brick, and a preheating pipe penetrating one side of the heat conduction pipe penetrating the crushing box.

[0005] Preferably, a feed inlet is installed at the top of the crushing box, and a crushing roller is installed at the bottom of the feed inlet, with one side of the crushing roller connected to an external drive source.

[0006] Preferably, one side of the guide plate is movably connected to the crushing box via a hinge, a connecting plate is installed at the bottom of the guide plate, one side of the connecting plate is connected to a spring rod, and one end of the spring rod is movably connected to the crushing box. Preferably, a connecting column is movably connected to the bottom of the guide plate, one end of the connecting column is connected to the first screening plate, the first screening plate moves inside the conveying pipe, and a second screening plate is installed at the bottom of the conveying pipe.

[0007] Preferably, an exhaust pipe is installed on one side of the processor, one end of the exhaust pipe is connected to a heat-conducting pipe, an insulation pipe is sleeved on the outside of the heat-conducting pipe, a protective sleeve is installed on one end of the exhaust pipe that passes through the processor, and a high-temperature resistant air pump is installed inside the exhaust pipe.

[0008] Preferably, a heating platform is installed inside the processor, and two sets of conveying pipes are installed on both sides of the main gas supply pipe, with one end of each set of conveying pipes passing through the processor and communicating with the porous permeable brick.

[0009] Preferably, a discharge port is installed on one side of the processor, and a protrusion is installed inside the processor.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention utilizes the sieved material entering the conveying pipe, with partially preheated oxygen-enriched air entering the conveying pipe from the main air supply pipe and mixing with the material. The airflow blows the material into a suspended state within the conveying pipe and propels it forward spirally along the spiral guide column. The spiral guide column forces the airflow and material to generate vortex motion, enhancing gas-solid mixing and heat and mass transfer, increasing the material's residence time, and improving carbon conversion rate. The strong turbulence in the swirling flow field ensures that the tar produced by pyrolysis comes into full contact with the high-temperature oxygen-enriched air, causing partial oxidation and cracking of tar macromolecules under high temperature and oxygen-enriched conditions, thus reducing environmental pollution.

[0011] 2. In this invention, the crushed material falls onto a guide plate below. Under the influence of gravity, the material presses against the guide plate, causing it to swing downwards around a hinge. This swings the guide plate downwards through a connecting column, pushing the first screening plate downwards within the conveying pipe. Simultaneously, the spring rod is compressed, generating an elastic restoring force. This causes the guide plate to vibrate, promoting even material distribution and preventing accumulation and blockage. Furthermore, the movement of the first screening plate facilitates the passage of material above it into the conveying pipe.

[0012] 3. In this invention, a portion of the preheated oxygen-enriched air in the main gas supply pipe is transported to the porous permeable brick at the bottom of the processor through the delivery pipe. The oxygen-enriched air is dispersed into fine airflow streams through the micropores on the porous permeable brick and sprayed into the molten ash or high-temperature carbon layer from the bottom. These gases provide the oxidant required for the gasification reaction on the one hand, and use the kinetic energy of the rising bubbles to pneumatically stir the molten pool on the other hand, so that the temperature of the molten pool is uniform and the residual carbon is completely burned. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the crushing box structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a portion of the gasification mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of section A in the middle; Figure 5 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the auxiliary mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of section B; Figure 7 This is a second schematic diagram of the auxiliary mechanism of the present invention.

[0014] In the diagram: 1. Processor; 11. Crushing box; 12. Feed inlet; 13. Crushing roller; 14. Heating table; 2. Gasification mechanism; 21. Guide plate; 22. Connecting column; 23. Conveying pipe; 24. First screening plate; 28. Spring rod; 29. ​​Connecting plate; 210. Spiral guide column; 212. Second screening plate; 3. Auxiliary mechanism; 31. Insulation pipe; 32. Main air supply pipe; 33. Heat conduction pipe; 34. Preheating pipe; 35. Exhaust pipe; 36. Protective sleeve; 37. Porous permeable brick; 38. Conveying pipe; 39. Discharge port. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the present invention provides a multi-stage coupled treatment device for industrial solid waste pyrolysis gasification, including a treatment machine 1, a gasification mechanism 2 installed on the treatment machine 1, and a crushing box 11 connected to the treatment machine 1; The gasification mechanism 2 includes a guide plate 21 movably installed inside the crushing box 11. A spring rod 28 is installed on one side of the guide plate 21. A first screening plate 24 is movably installed at the bottom of the guide plate 21. A conveying pipe 23 is sleeved on the outside of the first screening plate 24. A spiral guide column 210 is installed inside the conveying pipe 23. One end of the conveying pipe 23 is connected to the processor 1. An auxiliary mechanism 3 is installed on one side of the conveying pipe 23. The auxiliary mechanism 3 includes an air supply main pipe 32 connected to the material conveying pipe 23, a heat conduction pipe 33 connected to one side of the processor 1, the heat conduction pipe 33 is installed on the outside of the air supply main pipe 32, one side of the air supply main pipe 32 passes through the processor 1 and is connected to a porous permeable brick 37, the porous permeable brick 37 has multiple sets of through holes, and one side of the heat conduction pipe 33 passes through the crushing box 11 and is connected to a preheating pipe 34.

[0017] In use, industrial solid waste is first fed into the crushing box 11 through the feed inlet 12. An external drive source drives the crushing roller 13 to coarsely crush the material, processing large pieces of solid waste into suitable particle sizes. The crushed material falls onto the guide plate 21 below under the action of gravity. The material gradually accumulates on the surface of the guide plate 21. As the weight of the material increases, the pressure on the guide plate 21 gradually increases, and the guide plate 21 swings downward around the hinge at one end. As the guide plate 21 swings downward, it pushes the first screening plate 24 downward inside the conveying pipe 23 through the connecting column 22 connected to its bottom. When the material falls intermittently or its weight changes, the restoring force of the spring rod 28 and the gravity of the material act alternately, causing the guide plate 21 to vibrate continuously and stably. This vibration promotes the uniform distribution of material on the guide plate 21 and prevents the material from accumulating and clogging on the surface of the guide plate 21. On the other hand, the reciprocating movement of the first screening plate 24 inside the conveying pipe 23 helps to quickly and smoothly pass the material above the first screening plate 24 into the conveying pipe 23, realizing the preliminary screening and quantitative feeding of the material. The gas supply pipe 32 continuously delivers oxygen-enriched gas from the outside, and the heating platform 14 is activated to heat and burn the material inside the processor 1. The high-temperature gas inside the processor 1 is extracted by the high-temperature resistant air pump inside the exhaust pipe 35. The oxygen-enriched gas delivered from the outside through the gas supply pipe 32 is heated through the heat conduction pipe 33. At the same time, the heat conduction pipe 33 is protected by the heat insulation pipe 31 to reduce heat loss. Meanwhile, the gas inside the heat conduction pipe 33 is cooled by the gas supply pipe 32 and then introduced into the crushing box 11 to preheat and dry the crushed material inside the crushing box 11, removing the surface moisture of the material in advance. Simultaneously, the screened material enters the conveying pipe 23, and partially preheated oxygen-enriched air enters the conveying pipe 23 from the air supply main pipe 32, mixing with the material. The airflow blows the material into a suspended state within the conveying pipe 23, and spirals forward along the spiral guide column 210. The spiral guide column 210 forces the airflow and material to generate vortex motion, enhancing gas-solid mixing and heat and mass transfer, increasing the material and extending the material residence time, and improving the carbon conversion rate. The strong turbulence in the swirling flow field allows the tar produced by pyrolysis to fully contact the high-temperature oxygen-enriched air, and the tar macromolecules undergo partial oxidation and cracking under high temperature and oxygen-enriched conditions, reducing pollution. Simultaneously, during this process, the material undergoes a primary pyrolysis and gasification reaction, with some organic matter being converted into combustible gas. After the material temperature is further increased, it enters the interior of the processor 1. Part of the preheated oxygen-enriched air in the gas supply pipe 32 is transported to the porous permeable brick 37 at the bottom of the processor 1 through the conveying pipe 38. The oxygen-enriched air is dispersed into fine airflow jets through the micropores on the porous permeable brick 37 and sprayed into the molten ash or high-temperature carbon layer from the bottom. These gases provide the oxidant required for the gasification reaction on the one hand, and use the kinetic energy of the rising bubbles to pneumatically stir the molten pool on the other hand, so that the temperature of the molten pool is uniform and the residual carbon is completely burned. The glassy molten slag after gasification and melting is discharged through the discharge port 39.

[0018] In an optional embodiment, a feed inlet 12 is installed at the top of the crushing box 11, and a crushing roller 13 is installed at the bottom of the feed inlet 12. One side of the crushing roller 13 is connected to an external drive source.

[0019] It should be noted that industrial solid waste is first fed into the crushing box 11 through the feed inlet 12. An external drive source drives the crushing roller 13 to coarsely crush the material, processing large pieces of solid waste into suitable particle sizes. The crushed material falls onto the guide plate 21 below under the action of gravity.

[0020] In an optional embodiment, one side of the guide plate 21 is movably connected to the crushing box 11 via a hinge, and a connecting plate 29 is installed at the bottom of the guide plate 21. One side of the connecting plate 29 is connected to a spring rod 28, and one end of the spring rod 28 is movably connected to the crushing box 11.

[0021] It should be noted that as material gradually accumulates on the surface of the guide plate 21, the pressure on the guide plate 21 gradually increases as the weight of the material increases, causing the guide plate 21 to swing downwards around the hinge at one end. Simultaneously, the guide plate 21, through the connecting column 22 movably connected to its bottom, pushes the first screening plate 24 downwards inside the conveying pipe 23. When the material falls intermittently or its weight changes, the restoring force of the spring rod 28 alternates with the weight of the material, causing the guide plate 21 to produce continuous and stable up-and-down vibrations. This vibration promotes the even distribution of material on the guide plate 21, preventing material from accumulating and clogging its surface.

[0022] In an optional embodiment, a connecting column 22 is movably connected to the bottom of the guide plate 21, one end of the connecting column 22 is connected to the first screening plate 24, the first screening plate 24 moves inside the conveying pipe 23, and a second screening plate 212 is installed at the bottom of the conveying pipe 23.

[0023] It should be noted that the connecting column 22 pushes the first screening plate 24 downward within the conveying pipe 23. At the same time, the spring rod 28 is compressed and generates elastic restoring force, causing the guide plate 21 to vibrate, promoting uniform material distribution and preventing accumulation and blockage. On the other hand, the reciprocating movement of the first screening plate 24 within the conveying pipe 23 helps to quickly and smoothly pass the material above the first screening plate 24 into the conveying pipe 23, achieving preliminary screening and quantitative feeding of the material, which then enters the processor 1 through the second screening plate 212.

[0024] In an optional embodiment, an exhaust pipe 35 is installed on one side of the processor 1. One end of the exhaust pipe 35 is connected to a heat-conducting pipe 33. An insulation pipe 31 is sleeved on the outside of the heat-conducting pipe 33. A protective sleeve 36 is installed at one end of the exhaust pipe 35 that passes through the processor 1. A high-temperature resistant air pump is installed inside the exhaust pipe 35.

[0025] It should be noted that the high-temperature gas inside the processor 1 is extracted by the high-temperature resistant air pump inside the exhaust pipe 35, and the external oxygen-enriched gas delivered inside the gas supply main pipe 32 is heated by the heat conduction pipe 33. At the same time, the heat conduction pipe 33 is protected by the heat insulation pipe 31 to reduce heat loss. Meanwhile, the gas inside the heat conduction pipe 33 is cooled by the gas supply main pipe 32 and then introduced into the crushing box 11 to preheat and dry the crushed material inside the crushing box 11, and remove the surface moisture of the material in advance.

[0026] In an optional embodiment, a heating platform 14 is installed inside the processor 1, and two sets of conveying pipes 38 are installed on both sides of the main gas supply pipe 32. One end of each set of conveying pipes 38 passes through the processor 1 and is connected to the porous permeable brick 37.

[0027] It should be noted that a portion of the preheated oxygen-enriched air in the gas supply pipe 32 is transported to the porous permeable brick 37 at the bottom of the processor 1 through the delivery pipe 38. The oxygen-enriched air is dispersed into fine airflow streams through the micropores on the porous permeable brick 37 and sprayed into the molten ash or high-temperature carbon layer from the bottom. These gases provide the oxidant required for the gasification reaction on the one hand, and use the kinetic energy of the rising bubbles to pneumatically stir the molten pool, so that the temperature of the molten pool is uniform.

[0028] In an optional embodiment, a discharge port 39 is installed on one side of the processor 1, and a protrusion is installed inside the processor 1.

[0029] It should be noted that after the gasification and melting process is completed, the glassy slag generated inside the processor 1 is discharged through the discharge port 39 located on one side of the processor 1. Inside the processor 1, multiple protrusions are installed along its inner wall. The protrusions are made of high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant casting alloy or ceramic material. According to the distribution law of the airflow field inside the processor 1, they are arranged alternately at a certain interval in the axial and circumferential directions. When the high-temperature airflow inside the processor 1 flows upward or downward along the inside of the processor 1, the protrusions have a significant interference and change effect on the movement path of the airflow.

[0030] Working principle: During use, industrial solid waste is first fed into the crushing box 11 through the feed inlet 12. An external drive source drives the crushing roller 13 to coarsely crush the material, processing large pieces of solid waste into suitable particle sizes. The crushed material falls onto the guide plate 21 below under the action of gravity. The material gradually accumulates on the surface of the guide plate 21. As the weight of the material increases, the pressure on the guide plate 21 gradually increases, and the guide plate 21 swings downward around the hinge at one end. While the guide plate 21 swings downward, the connecting column 22 connected to its bottom pushes the first screening plate 24 to move downward inside the conveying pipe 23. At the same time, the spring rod 28 is compressed and generates elastic restoring force, causing the guide plate 21 to vibrate. At the same time, oxygen-enriched gas from the outside is delivered through the gas supply pipe 32, and the heating platform 14 is started to heat and burn the material inside the processor 1. The high-temperature gas inside the processor 1 is extracted through the high-temperature resistant air pump inside the exhaust pipe 35. The oxygen-enriched gas delivered from the outside through the gas supply pipe 32 is heated through the heat conduction pipe 33. At the same time, the heat conduction pipe 33 is protected through the heat insulation pipe 31. Meanwhile, the gas inside the heat conduction pipe 33 is cooled through the gas supply pipe 32 and then introduced into the crushing box 11. Meanwhile, the screened material enters the conveying pipe 23, and some preheated oxygen-enriched air enters the conveying pipe 23 from the air supply main pipe 32 and mixes with the material. The airflow blows the material into a suspended state in the conveying pipe 23 and spirals forward along the spiral guide column 210. Meanwhile, during this process, the material undergoes a primary pyrolysis and gasification reaction, and some organic matter is converted into combustible gas. After the material temperature is further increased, it enters the interior of the processor 1. Part of the preheated oxygen-enriched air in the gas supply pipe 32 is transported to the porous permeable brick 37 at the bottom of the processor 1 through the conveying pipe 38. The oxygen-enriched air is dispersed into fine airflow jets through the micropores on the porous permeable brick 37 and sprayed into the molten ash or high-temperature carbon layer from the bottom.

[0031] After the gasification and melting process is completed, the glassy slag generated inside the processor 1 is discharged through the discharge port 39 located on one side of the processor 1.

[0032] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-stage coupled treatment device for industrial solid waste pyrolysis and gasification, comprising a treatment unit (1), characterized in that, The processor (1) is equipped with a gasification mechanism (2), and the processor (1) is connected to a crushing box (11). The gasification mechanism (2) includes a guide plate (21) movably installed inside the crushing box (11). A spring rod (28) is installed on one side of the guide plate (21). A first screening plate (24) is movably installed at the bottom of the guide plate (21). A conveying pipe (23) is sleeved on the outside of the first screening plate (24). A spiral guide column (210) is installed inside the conveying pipe (23). One end of the conveying pipe (23) is connected to the processor (11). The feed pipe (23) is connected to the feed pipe (23), and an auxiliary mechanism (3) is installed on one side of the feed pipe (23). The auxiliary mechanism (3) includes a main air supply pipe (32) connected to the feed pipe (23). A heat conduction pipe (33) is connected to one side of the processor (1). The heat conduction pipe (33) is installed on the outside of the main air supply pipe (32). One side of the main air supply pipe (32) passes through the processor (1) and is connected to a porous permeable brick (37). Multiple sets of through holes are opened on the porous permeable brick (37). One side of the heat conduction pipe (33) passes through the crushing box (11) and is connected to a preheating pipe (34).

2. The multi-stage coupled treatment equipment for industrial solid waste pyrolysis gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crushing box (11) is equipped with a feed inlet (12) at the top, and a crushing roller (13) is installed at the bottom of the feed inlet (12). One side of the crushing roller (13) is connected to an external drive source.

3. The multi-stage coupled treatment equipment for industrial solid waste pyrolysis gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide plate (21) is movably connected to the crushing box (11) on one side by a hinge. A connecting plate (29) is installed at the bottom of the guide plate (21). One side of the connecting plate (29) is connected to a spring rod (28). One end of the spring rod (28) is movably connected to the crushing box (11).

4. The multi-stage coupled treatment equipment for industrial solid waste pyrolysis gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the guide plate (21) is movably connected to a connecting column (22), one end of which is connected to a first screening plate (24). The first screening plate (24) moves inside the conveying pipe (23), and a second screening plate (212) is installed at the bottom of the conveying pipe (23).

5. The multi-stage coupled treatment equipment for industrial solid waste pyrolysis gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The processor (1) is equipped with an exhaust pipe (35) on one side. One end of the exhaust pipe (35) is connected to the heat pipe (33). The heat pipe (33) is covered with an insulation pipe (31). The exhaust pipe (35) passes through the processor (1) and is equipped with a protective sleeve (36). A high-temperature resistant air pump is installed inside the exhaust pipe (35).

6. The multi-stage coupled treatment equipment for industrial solid waste pyrolysis gasification according to claim 5, characterized in that, The processor (1) is equipped with a heating platform (14) inside. Two sets of conveying pipes (38) are installed on both sides of the gas supply main pipe (32). One end of each set of conveying pipes (38) passes through the processor (1) and is connected to the porous permeable brick (37).

7. The multi-stage coupled treatment equipment for industrial solid waste pyrolysis gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The processor (1) has a discharge port (39) installed on one side, and a protrusion is installed inside the processor (1).

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