A stepped tempering and toughening apparatus and method for a steam turbine shaft

Abstract

The application discloses a stepped tempering toughening treatment equipment and method for a steam turbine shaft and belongs to the technical field of steam turbine shaft tempering technology. The equipment comprises a machine body, a plurality of tempering chambers are arranged on the machine body, a heating unit comprises a plurality of heating coils integrated in the tempering chambers, the heating coils are telescopic and used for heating the steam turbine shaft in the tempering chambers, a heat exchange unit comprises a plurality of nozzles arranged in the tempering chambers and used for spraying hot gas on the steam turbine shaft to generate turbulent flow for heat exchange, a detection unit is arranged in the tempering chamber and used for detecting the surface temperature of the steam turbine shaft, and a control unit comprises a temperature compensation module for detecting the tempering temperature range of the steam turbine shaft according to the detection unit and an adjusting module for detecting the temperature change of the steam turbine shaft and controlling the corresponding heating unit to perform temperature compensation. The application can dynamically compensate the temperatures of different parts of the steam turbine shaft.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of turbine shaft tempering technology, and particularly to a stepped tempering and toughening treatment device and method for turbine shafts. Background Technology

[0002] A steam turbine is a rotating machine that uses steam as power and converts the thermal energy of steam into mechanical work. It is the most widely used prime mover in modern thermal power plants. A steam turbine consists of a cylinder and a rotor housed within the cylinder. The rotor includes a main shaft and impellers, couplings, etc., mounted on the main shaft. In some cases, the impellers are individually machined and then heat-fitted onto the main shaft to form a composite rotor. Steam turbine shafts are enormous. In large heat treatment furnaces, the temperature fields in different areas of the furnace itself have a certain gradient. Stepped tempering requires holding at different temperatures. Ensuring that the entire shaft reaches the target temperature and remains uniform during each holding stage is extremely difficult.

[0003] When performing stepped tempering on large steam turbine shafts, the tempering temperature varies in each tempering stage. Furthermore, within the independently temperature-controlled tempering chamber, the varying heat dissipation capacities at the shaft ends, shaft body, and flanges can easily lead to uneven temperature distribution within the turbine shaft, resulting in asynchronous microstructure transformation. Some areas may have already reached the target tempering temperature and begun to soften and relax, while other areas may still be below the target temperature, remaining in a state of high hardness or stress. This causes inhomogeneity in the internal properties and microstructure of the shaft components, failing to guarantee uniform temperature distribution across different parts of the steam turbine shaft and affecting its quality.

[0004] Therefore, a stepped tempering and toughening treatment device and method for steam turbine shafts is invented to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a stepped tempering and toughening treatment device and method for turbine shafts, which can effectively solve the technical problems in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a stepped tempering and toughening treatment device for turbine shafts, comprising a machine body, wherein the machine body is provided with multiple independently controlled tempering chambers.

[0007] The heating unit includes multiple heating coils integrated into the tempering chamber and independently controlled. The heating coils are retractable and used to heat the gas medium in the tempering chamber to assist in heating the turbine shaft.

[0008] The heat exchange unit includes multiple nozzles disposed in the tempering chamber for injecting hot gas onto the turbine shaft to generate turbulence and achieve heat exchange.

[0009] A detection unit, which is located in the tempering chamber, is used to detect the surface temperature of the turbine shaft;

[0010] The control unit includes a temperature compensation module that detects the tempering temperature range of the turbine shaft according to the detection unit; an adjustment module that detects temperature changes at the shaft end, flange, and shaft body of the turbine shaft according to the detection unit and controls the corresponding heating unit to perform temperature compensation; and a control module that dynamically adjusts the extension stroke and heating power of the heating coil in the tempering chamber according to the control commands output by the adjustment module, and controls the nozzle to spray air to exchange heat with the turbine shaft, so that the temperature gradient of different parts of the turbine shaft is accurately matched during the stepped tempering process, ensuring the uniformity of microstructure transformation and the effective release of residual stress.

[0011] Preferably, the heating unit includes a plurality of positioning rings corresponding to the heating coil and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tempering chamber. One end of the heating coil is fixedly connected to the positioning ring, and the other end of the heating coil is fixed with an adjusting ring. The positioning ring and the adjusting ring at the same heating coil are connected by a telescopic member.

[0012] Preferably, when the detection unit detects temperature fluctuations on the turbine shaft, the control unit calculates the temperature deviation based on the temperature data from the detection unit, and adjusts the extension stroke of the heating coil differentially through the telescopic component, and adjusts the heating power of the heating coil differentially through the adjustment module to ensure uniform heating of the turbine shaft.

[0013] Preferably, the heat exchange unit includes multiple hollow connecting rings fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tempering chamber, the connecting rings corresponding to the heating coils, multiple nozzles arranged in annular array on the corresponding connecting rings, a centrifugal fan provided in the tempering chamber, the suction end of the centrifugal fan communicating with the interior of the tempering chamber through a pipe, and the output end of the centrifugal fan communicating with multiple connecting rings through multiple branch pipes, each branch pipe containing a solenoid valve.

[0014] Preferably, when the detection unit detects temperature fluctuations on the turbine shaft, the control unit calculates the temperature deviation based on the temperature data from the detection unit, adjusts the power of the centrifugal fan through the adjustment module, controls the opening of the solenoid valve, and performs differentiated jet heat exchange on different parts of the turbine shaft through the nozzle to ensure uniform heating of the turbine shaft.

[0015] Preferably, the detection unit includes multiple detectors integrated into the tempering chamber and arranged in an axial array. The shaft end, shaft body, and flange of the turbine shaft are in contact with the corresponding detectors to detect different parts of the turbine shaft.

[0016] Preferably, a gate is slidably connected between two adjacent tempering chambers to isolate the tempering chambers and prevent excessive temperature fluctuations during stepped tempering.

[0017] Preferably, the machine body is provided with a mesh belt-like conveying mechanism for conveying the turbine shaft to the tempering chamber of different heating zones.

[0018] This invention also provides a step-type tempering and toughening treatment method for turbine shafts, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1: The turbine shaft is fed into the tempering chamber in sections by the mesh belt conveyor mechanism, the gate between adjacent tempering chambers is closed to achieve temperature isolation, the heating coils in the corresponding areas of each tempering chamber are activated, and the density of the heating coils is adjusted by the telescopic component to preheat the turbine shaft end, flange and shaft body in sections.

[0020] S2: The detectors in the axial array monitor the temperature of the shaft end, flange and shaft surface in real time. Based on the detection data, the control unit calculates the deviation between the actual temperature of each part and the target stepped tempering curve.

[0021] The heating unit is dynamically adjusted by differentially adjusting the extension stroke of the heating coil through the telescopic component to change the local heat radiation distance; and the heating power of the corresponding heating coil 301 is differentially controlled through the adjustment module to compensate for temperature deviation.

[0022] S3: Start the centrifugal fan to pump the hot gas in the tempering chamber into the connecting ring. The control unit adjusts the power of the centrifugal fan and the opening of the solenoid valve of the branch pipe according to the temperature deviation data. High-temperature turbulent gas is injected directionally into the low-temperature area through the nozzle to improve the local heat exchange efficiency.

[0023] S4: The temperature compensation module continuously compares the data from the detection unit with the stepped tempering temperature curve, and synchronously adjusts the extension distance and power of the heating coil and the jet intensity of the nozzle to ensure that the temperature gradient of each part of the shaft is precisely matched to the preset tempering process.

[0024] S5: After all sections reach the final tempering temperature and complete the heat preservation, stop heating and air jetting, open the gate, and remove the shaft through the conveying mechanism to achieve uniform transformation of the structure and release of residual stress.

[0025] Preferably, in steps S2 and S3, when the shaft body temperature is detected to be lower than the target value, the power of the heating coil in that area is increased simultaneously and the extension stroke is extended, while the jet flow rate of the corresponding nozzle is increased.

[0026] When the temperature in the flange area is detected to be too high, the heating coil is retracted and the power is reduced, while the opening of the solenoid valve in that area is reduced to reduce the impact of hot airflow.

[0027] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0028] This invention detects different parts of the turbine shaft using a detector, transmits the temperature data to a temperature compensation module, calculates the temperature deviation and compensation type, and controls the power and extension / retraction of the heating coil via an adjustment module. This allows for differentiated temperature compensation at localized locations on the turbine shaft through independently controlled heating coil coverage and power. Furthermore, it adjusts the opening of the solenoid valve to generate high-speed turbulence using high-speed hot gas, improving heat exchange efficiency at localized locations on the turbine shaft. During tempering, dynamic temperature compensation is applied to different parts of the turbine shaft, preventing uneven microstructure transformation caused by temperature deviations in different areas. This ensures precise matching of temperature gradients across different parts of the turbine shaft during stepped tempering, guaranteeing uniform microstructure transformation and effective release of residual stress. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention after removing the tempering chamber;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the heating unit in this invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange unit in this invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchange unit in this invention.

[0034] In the diagram: 1. Main body; 2. Tempering chamber; 201. Gate;

[0035] 3. Heating unit; 301. Heating coil; 302. Positioning ring; 303. Adjusting ring; 304. Telescopic component;

[0036] 4. Heat exchange unit; 401. Nozzle; 402. Connecting ring; 403. Centrifugal fan; 404. Piping; 405. Branch pipe; 406. Solenoid valve;

[0037] 5. Detection unit; 501. Detector; 6. Conveying mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a stepped tempering and toughening treatment device for a steam turbine shaft, including a body 1, a plurality of independently controlled and interconnected tempering chambers 2 on the body 1, and a heating unit 3, which includes a plurality of independently controlled heating coils 301 integrated in the tempering chambers 2. The heating coils 301 are retractable and are used to heat the gas medium in the tempering chambers 2 to assist in heating the steam turbine shaft.

[0041] The heat exchange unit 4 includes multiple nozzles 401 disposed in the tempering chamber 2 for injecting hot gas onto the turbine shaft to generate turbulence for heat exchange; the detection unit 5 is disposed in the tempering chamber 2 for detecting the surface temperature of the turbine shaft.

[0042] The detection unit 5 includes multiple detectors 501 integrated in the tempering chamber 2 and arranged in an axial array. The detectors 501 are surface thermocouple sensors. The shaft end, shaft body and flange of the turbine shaft are in contact with the corresponding detectors 501 to detect different parts of the turbine shaft.

[0043] Gates 201 are slidably connected between the two adjacent tempering chambers 2 and at the ends of the tempering chambers 2 to isolate the tempering chambers 2 and prevent excessive temperature fluctuations during stepped tempering.

[0044] The machine body 1 is equipped with a mesh belt-shaped conveyor 6, which is used to transport the turbine shaft to the tempering chamber 2 of different heating zones.

[0045] In operation, the turbine shafts at different tempering stages are first transported to the corresponding tempering chambers 2 via the conveying mechanism 6. Then, the tempering chambers 2 are thermally isolated via a sliding gate 201 to ensure independent temperature control. The coordination of the conveying mechanism 6, gate 201, and tempering chambers 2 is based on existing technology; specific structures and connections are not detailed here. Finally, the gas medium in the tempering chambers 2 is preheated via the heating coil 301. The heated gas medium provides comprehensive and uniform heat exchange to the turbine shaft, resulting in uniform heating and tempering treatment. This ensures uniform microstructure transformation and effective release of residual stress. Furthermore, the detector 501 is a surface thermocouple sensor capable of detecting the temperature at different locations on the turbine shaft, effectively preventing uneven heating and tempering and ensuring the quality of the turbine shaft.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] During use, it was found that when performing stepped tempering on large steam turbine shafts, the tempering temperature was different in each tempering stage. At the same time, in the independently temperature-controlled tempering chamber 2, due to the different heat dissipation capacities of the shaft end, shaft body, and flange, the temperature of the steam turbine shaft body was easily uneven, resulting in asynchronous microstructure transformation. Some areas may have reached the target tempering temperature and begun to soften and relax, while other areas may still be below the target temperature and remain in a state of high hardness or stress. This will cause inhomogeneity in the internal properties and microstructure of the shaft, affecting the quality of the steam turbine shaft. Therefore, further improvements were made based on the above embodiments.

[0048] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the control unit includes a temperature compensation module that detects the tempering temperature range of the turbine shaft according to the detection unit 5; an adjustment module that detects the temperature changes of the turbine shaft end, flange, and shaft body according to the detection unit 5 and controls the corresponding heating unit 3 to perform temperature compensation; and a control module that dynamically adjusts the extension stroke and heating power of the heating coil 301 in the tempering chamber 2 according to the control commands output by the adjustment module, and controls the nozzle 401 to spray air to exchange heat with the turbine shaft, so that the temperature gradient of different parts of the turbine shaft is accurately matched during the stepped tempering process, ensuring the uniformity of microstructure transformation and the effective release of residual stress.

[0049] The heating unit 3 includes multiple positioning rings 302 that correspond to the heating coil 301 and are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tempering chamber 2. One end of the heating coil 301 is fixedly connected to the positioning ring 302, and the other end of the heating coil 301 is fixedly connected to the adjusting ring 303. The positioning ring 302 and the adjusting ring 303 at the same heating coil 301 are connected by a telescopic member 304, which is an electric push rod.

[0050] When the detection unit 5 detects temperature fluctuations on the turbine shaft, the control unit calculates the temperature deviation based on the temperature data from the detection unit 5, and adjusts the extension stroke of the heating coil 301 differentially through the telescopic component 304, and adjusts the heating power of the heating coil 301 differentially through the adjustment module to ensure uniform heating of the turbine shaft.

[0051] The heat exchange unit 4 includes multiple hollow connecting rings 402 that are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tempering chamber 2. The connecting rings 402 correspond to the heating coils 301. Multiple nozzles 401 are arranged in a ring array on the corresponding connecting rings 402. A centrifugal fan 403 is provided inside the tempering chamber 2. The suction end of the centrifugal fan 403 is connected to the inside of the tempering chamber 2 through a pipe 404. The output end of the centrifugal fan 403 is connected to multiple connecting rings 402 through multiple branch pipes 405. A solenoid valve 406 is provided inside the branch pipe 405.

[0052] When the detection unit 5 detects temperature fluctuations on the turbine shaft, the control unit calculates the temperature deviation based on the temperature data from the detection unit 5, adjusts the power of the centrifugal fan 403 through the adjustment module, controls the opening of the solenoid valve 406, and performs differentiated jet heat exchange on different parts of the turbine shaft through the nozzle 401 to ensure uniform heating of the turbine shaft.

[0053] In operation, when detector 501 detects that the temperature at the turbine shaft flange is lower than the tempering temperature threshold (where the tempering temperature threshold refers to the set optimal tempering temperature), detector 501 transmits the temperature data to the temperature compensation module in the control unit. The temperature compensation module calculates the temperature deviation and temperature difference compensation type, and then sends a command to the adjustment module. The adjustment module controls the heating power of the heating coil 301 at the turbine shaft flange in heating unit 3 to increase. Simultaneously, the telescopic component 304 drives the corresponding adjustment ring 303 to move away from the positioning ring 302. The adjustment ring 303 causes the heating coil 301 to extend axially, increasing the coverage area of ​​the heating coil 301 at the turbine shaft flange. Furthermore, under the synergistic effect of the increased power of the heating coil 301, the heating power at the turbine shaft flange is increased, ensuring a uniform heating rate consistent with the turbine shaft end and shaft body.

[0054] At this time, detector 501 continuously monitors the temperature at the turbine shaft flange. As the temperature at the turbine shaft flange gradually changes to match the shaft body temperature, detector 501 dynamically transmits the temperature data to the temperature compensation module. The temperature compensation module sends instructions to the adjustment module, which dynamically adjusts the heating power of heating coil 301. Simultaneously, telescopic component 304 drives heating coil 301 to dynamically extend and retract via adjustment ring 303. This ensures that the heating rate of heating coil 301 at the turbine shaft flange changes synchronously, guaranteeing that the temperature is synchronized and uniform with the shaft body temperature, thus providing reliability for the structural transformation.

[0055] When detector 501 detects that the temperature at the turbine shaft flange is lower than the tempering temperature threshold and the temperature difference range is too large, detector 501 transmits the temperature data to the temperature compensation module in the control unit. The temperature compensation module calculates the temperature deviation and the temperature difference compensation type, and then sends the command to the adjustment module. The adjustment module controls the heating power of the heating coil 301 at the turbine shaft flange in the heating unit 3. At the same time, the adjustment module controls the solenoid valve 406 at the turbine shaft flange to increase the opening of the solenoid valve 406, while the solenoid valves 406 at other positions are closed. At this time, the centrifugal fan 403 draws the hot gas in the tempering chamber 2 into the centrifugal fan 403 through the pipe 404. The hot gas is then blown into the connecting ring 402 through the branch pipe 405 corresponding to the turbine shaft flange. The hot gas in the connecting ring 402 is quickly ejected to the turbine shaft flange through the nozzle 401, generating high-speed turbulence. The hot gas rapidly exchanges heat with the turbine shaft flange through the high-speed turbulence, reducing the temperature deviation between the shaft and the flange.

[0056] When detector 501 detects that the temperature at the turbine shaft flange is gradually approaching the shaft body temperature, the control unit dynamically adjusts the opening of the solenoid valve 406 based on the temperature data fed back by detector 501, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the hot gas ejected through nozzle 401. This causes the high-speed turbulence generated by the hot gas to dynamically change and adjust the heat exchange rate, ensuring synchronous and uniform heating of the turbine shaft. When detector 501 detects that the temperature at the turbine shaft flange is higher than the tempering temperature threshold, detector 501 transmits the temperature data to the temperature compensation module in the control unit. The temperature compensation module calculates the temperature deviation and temperature difference compensation type, and then sends a command to the adjustment module. The adjustment module controls the heating power of the heating coil 301 at the corresponding turbine shaft flange in heating unit 3 to decrease. At the same time, the telescopic component 304 drives the corresponding adjustment ring 303 to move closer to the positioning ring 302. The adjustment ring 303 causes the heating coil 301 to shorten axially, reducing the coverage area of ​​the heating coil 301 at the turbine shaft flange and reducing the heat exchange efficiency between the heating coil 301 and the flange, which helps to ensure the uniformity of heating of the turbine shaft.

[0057] When detector 501 detects that the temperature of the turbine shaft body or shaft end is lower or higher than the tempering temperature threshold, detector 501 transmits the temperature data to the temperature compensation module in the control unit. The temperature compensation module calculates the temperature deviation and temperature difference compensation type of each area. Thus, through the above process and the synergistic effect of multiple detectors 501 and the adjustment module, differentiated temperature compensation is performed on different parts of the turbine shaft or heat exchange efficiency is enhanced through jet compensation. This ensures uniform control of the tempering temperature of different parts of the turbine shaft and guarantees the stability and uniformity of the microstructure transformation during the tempering of the turbine shaft.

[0058] In summary, after the detector 501 detects different parts of the turbine shaft and transmits the temperature data to the temperature compensation module to calculate the temperature deviation and temperature compensation type, and controls the power and extension of the heating coil 301 through the adjustment module, it can not only perform differentiated temperature compensation for local positions of the turbine shaft by independently controlling the coverage area and power of the heating coil 301, but also adjust the opening of the solenoid valve 406 to generate high-speed turbulence through high-speed hot gas to improve the heat exchange efficiency of local positions of the turbine shaft. During tempering, dynamic temperature compensation is performed on different positions of the turbine shaft to avoid uneven temperature transformation caused by temperature deviations in different parts of the turbine shaft. This ensures precise matching of temperature gradients in different parts of the turbine shaft during stepped tempering, guaranteeing uniformity of microstructure transformation and effective release of residual stress.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] This embodiment provides a stepped tempering and toughening treatment method for turbine shafts, including the following steps:

[0061] S1: The turbine shaft is fed into the tempering chamber 2 in sections by the mesh belt conveyor 6. The gate 201 between adjacent tempering chambers 2 is closed to achieve temperature isolation. The heating coil 301 in the corresponding area of ​​each tempering chamber 2 is activated. The density of the heating coil 301 is adjusted by the telescopic member 304 to preheat the shaft end, flange and shaft body of the turbine shaft in sections.

[0062] S2: The detectors 501 in the axial array monitor the surface temperature of the shaft end, flange and shaft body in real time. Based on the detection data, the control unit calculates the deviation between the actual temperature of each part and the target stepped tempering curve.

[0063] The heating unit 3 is dynamically adjusted by using the telescopic component 304 to differentiate the extension and retraction stroke of the heating coil 301, thereby changing the local heat radiation distance; and the heating power of the corresponding heating coil 301 is differentiated and controlled by the adjustment module to compensate for temperature deviation.

[0064] S3: Start the centrifugal fan 403 to pump the hot gas in the tempering chamber 2 into the connecting ring. The control unit adjusts the power of the centrifugal fan 403 and the opening of the solenoid valve 406 of the branch pipe 405 according to the temperature deviation data. High-temperature turbulent gas is directionally injected into the low-temperature area through the nozzle 401 to improve the local heat exchange efficiency.

[0065] S4: The temperature compensation module continuously compares the data from the detection unit 5 with the stepped tempering temperature curve, and synchronously adjusts the extension distance and power of the heating coil 301 and the jet intensity of the nozzle 401 to ensure that the temperature gradient of each part of the shaft is precisely matched with the preset tempering process.

[0066] S5: When all sections reach the final tempering temperature and complete the heat preservation, stop heating and air jetting, open the gate 201, and move the shaft out through the conveying mechanism 6 to achieve uniform transformation of the structure and release of residual stress.

[0067] In steps S2 and S3, when the shaft temperature is detected to be lower than the target value, the power of the heating coil 301 in that area is increased and the extension stroke is extended, while the jet flow rate of the corresponding nozzle 401 is increased.

[0068] When the temperature in the flange area is detected to be too high, the heating coil 301 is retracted and the power is reduced, while the opening of the solenoid valve 406 in that area is reduced to reduce the impact of hot airflow.

[0069] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A stepped tempering and toughening treatment device for steam turbine shafts, comprising a machine body, wherein the machine body is provided with multiple independently controlled tempering chambers, characterized in that: The heating unit includes multiple heating coils integrated into the tempering chamber and independently controlled. The heating coils are retractable and used to heat the gas medium in the tempering chamber to assist in heating the turbine shaft. The heat exchange unit includes multiple nozzles disposed in the tempering chamber for injecting hot gas onto the turbine shaft to generate turbulence for heat exchange. A detection unit, which is located in the tempering chamber, is used to detect the surface temperature of the turbine shaft; The control unit includes a temperature compensation module that detects the tempering temperature range of the turbine shaft according to the detection unit; an adjustment module that detects temperature changes at the shaft end, flange, and shaft body of the turbine shaft according to the detection unit and controls the corresponding heating unit to perform temperature compensation; and a control module that dynamically adjusts the extension stroke and heating power of the heating coil in the tempering chamber according to the control commands output by the adjustment module, and controls the nozzle to spray air to exchange heat with the turbine shaft, so that the temperature gradient of different parts of the turbine shaft is accurately matched during the stepped tempering process, ensuring the uniformity of microstructure transformation and the effective release of residual stress.

2. The stepped tempering and toughening treatment equipment for turbine shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating unit includes multiple positioning rings corresponding to the heating coil and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tempering chamber. One end of the heating coil is fixedly connected to the positioning ring, and the other end of the heating coil is fixed with an adjusting ring. The positioning ring and the adjusting ring at the same heating coil are connected by a telescopic member.

3. The stepped tempering and toughening treatment equipment for turbine shafts according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the detection unit detects temperature fluctuations on the turbine shaft, the control unit calculates the temperature deviation based on the temperature data from the detection unit, and adjusts the extension stroke of the heating coil differentially through the telescopic component, and adjusts the heating power of the heating coil differentially through the adjustment module to ensure uniform heating of the turbine shaft.

4. The stepped tempering and toughening treatment equipment for turbine shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange unit includes multiple hollow connecting rings fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tempering chamber. The connecting rings correspond to the heating coils. Multiple nozzles are arranged in annular arrays on the corresponding connecting rings. A centrifugal fan is provided in the tempering chamber. The suction end of the centrifugal fan is connected to the interior of the tempering chamber through a pipeline. The output end of the centrifugal fan is connected to multiple connecting rings through multiple branch pipes. A solenoid valve is provided in each branch pipe.

5. The stepped tempering and toughening treatment equipment for turbine shafts according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the detection unit detects temperature fluctuations on the turbine shaft, the control unit calculates the temperature deviation based on the temperature data from the detection unit, adjusts the power of the centrifugal fan through the adjustment module, controls the opening of the solenoid valve, and performs differentiated jet heat exchange on different parts of the turbine shaft through the nozzle to ensure uniform heating of the turbine shaft.

6. The stepped tempering and toughening treatment equipment for turbine shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection unit includes multiple detectors integrated into the tempering chamber and arranged in an axial array. The turbine shaft end, shaft body, and flange are in contact with the corresponding detectors to detect different parts of the turbine shaft.

7. The stepped tempering and toughening treatment equipment for turbine shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gate is slidably connected between two adjacent tempering chambers to isolate the tempering chambers and prevent excessive temperature fluctuations during stepped tempering.

8. The stepped tempering and toughening treatment equipment for turbine shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The machine body is equipped with a mesh belt-like conveyor mechanism for conveying the turbine shaft to the tempering chambers of different heating zones.

9. A method for stepped tempering and toughening treatment of turbine shafts, employing the stepped tempering and toughening treatment equipment for turbine shafts as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The turbine shaft is fed into the tempering chamber in sections by the mesh belt conveyor mechanism, the gate between adjacent tempering chambers is closed to achieve temperature isolation, the heating coils in the corresponding areas of each tempering chamber are activated, and the density of the heating coils is adjusted by the telescopic component to preheat the turbine shaft end, flange and shaft body in sections. S2: The detectors in the axial array monitor the temperature of the shaft end, flange and shaft surface in real time. Based on the detection data, the control unit calculates the deviation between the actual temperature of each part and the target stepped tempering curve. The heating unit is dynamically adjusted by differentially adjusting the extension stroke of the heating coil through the telescopic component to change the local heat radiation distance; and the heating power of the corresponding heating coil is differentially controlled through the adjustment module to compensate for temperature deviation. S3: Start the centrifugal fan to pump the hot gas in the tempering chamber into the connecting ring. The control unit adjusts the power of the centrifugal fan and the opening of the solenoid valve of the branch pipe according to the temperature deviation data. High-temperature turbulent gas is injected directionally into the low-temperature area through the nozzle to improve the local heat exchange efficiency. S4: The temperature compensation module continuously compares the data from the detection unit with the stepped tempering temperature curve, and synchronously adjusts the extension distance and power of the heating coil and the jet intensity of the nozzle to ensure that the temperature gradient of each part of the shaft is precisely matched to the preset tempering process. S5: After all sections reach the final tempering temperature and complete the heat preservation, stop heating and air jetting, open the gate, and remove the shaft through the conveying mechanism to achieve uniform transformation of the structure and release of residual stress.

10. The method for stepped tempering and toughening treatment of a steam turbine shaft according to claim 9, characterized in that: In steps S2 and S3, when the shaft body temperature is detected to be lower than the target value, the power of the heating coil in that area is increased simultaneously and the extension stroke is extended, while the jet flow rate of the corresponding nozzle is increased. When the temperature in the flange area is detected to be too high, the heating coil is retracted and the power is reduced, while the opening of the solenoid valve in that area is reduced to reduce the impact of hot airflow.

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