Anchoring jumbo, heading machine and heading machine anchoring construction method

Abstract

The application discloses an anchor rod drilling machine, a heading machine and a heading machine anchoring construction method, and belongs to the technical field of heading machine anchoring construction. The anchor rod drilling machine comprises a big gear ring and at least one set of drill-anchor-injection assemblies. The drill-anchor-injection assembly comprises a gear ring moving device, a rotating device, and a rock drilling mechanism and an anchor-injection mechanism which are oppositely arranged along the heading axis. The heading machine integrates the anchor rod drilling machine, and the anchoring construction method is realized based on the heading machine. The application solves the defects of the existing anchor rod drilling machine, such as multi-dimensional posture adjustment of drill-anchor-injection processes, low connection efficiency, poor hole position accuracy, large space occupation and incapability of adapting to TBM construction, realizes seamless connection of the processes without posture adjustment, greatly improves the supporting efficiency and construction accuracy, and reduces the labor dependence and construction safety risk. In the process of full-face tunnel heading construction, drill-anchor-injection construction can be realized simultaneously without stopping.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunneling machine anchoring construction technology, and in particular to an anchor drilling rig, a tunneling machine, and a tunneling machine anchoring construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Full-face tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are indispensable core rock-breaking equipment in underground hard rock construction such as mountain tunnels and water diversion projects. Their construction process mainly includes three core procedures: excavation, muck removal, and support. Among these, rapid and stable anchor bolt support is a key link in ensuring the safe, efficient, and continuous construction of the TBM. The efficiency of anchor bolt support directly determines the overall construction rhythm of the TBM. Currently, most existing airborne anchor bolt drilling systems are single-function, only capable of drilling. Subsequent anchor bolt installation and grouting operations require manual assistance. This not only results in low anchor bolt support efficiency, making it difficult to match the excavation and muck removal speeds of the TBM and severely restricting the overall construction progress of the TBM, but also places a high demand on manual labor, requiring construction personnel to work close to the narrow and dangerous surrounding rock area behind the TBM cutterhead, posing significant safety hazards.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technology discloses a dual-arm drilling rig. This rig utilizes a double-aluminum beam support frame with an anchor bolt drilling rig and a steel pipe drilling rig, respectively, and is equipped with an arm switching device. After drilling is completed, the arm switching device drives the double-aluminum beam support frame to rotate, enabling the switching of the anchor bolt drilling rig and the steel pipe drilling rig. This allows for the mechanization of drilling, anchor bolt installation, and grouting operations, thereby improving the mechanization of anchor bolt support and reducing manual labor intensity.

[0004] However, this existing technical solution has a fundamental technical flaw: the connection between its drilling, anchoring, and grouting processes relies on the multi-dimensional attitude rotation adjustment of the working mechanism to achieve seamless connection of processes without attitude adjustment. This flaw directly results in its inability to adapt to the construction conditions of full-face hard rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs), specifically manifested in:

[0005] Firstly, the efficiency of process connection is low. After drilling is completed, multiple auxiliary actions are required, such as retraction of the actuator, switching of the bracket rotation, recalibration of the drill arm inclination angle, and secondary alignment of the hole position. There are obvious gaps in the process connection. The support operation speed cannot match the high-speed excavation rhythm of the TBM, which will still seriously restrict the overall construction efficiency of the TBM.

[0006] Secondly, the accuracy of hole alignment is difficult to guarantee. Multiple rotations and tilt adjustments can easily lead to cumulative errors, making it impossible to guarantee the coaxiality of the drilling axis and the anchor installation axis, which directly affects the anchoring effect of the anchor and the long-term stability of the surrounding rock support.

[0007] Third, the structure has a high space occupancy rate. The drill arm switching device needs to reserve sufficient space for rotation switching operations. The combined structure of the double propulsion beam and the rotation adjustment mechanism has large radial and axial dimensions, which is completely unsuitable for the extremely narrow construction space behind the TBM cutterhead.

[0008] Fourth, the full-section support has poor adaptability. This solution relies on the swing arm assembly to adjust the working position, and cannot achieve 360° continuous support operation along the tunnel's annular cross section, thus failing to meet the core construction requirements of TBM full-section annular anchor bolt support.

[0009] Fifth, there is still a high degree of reliance on manual labor. The posture adjustment and precise hole position calibration during the process of switching between processes require manual intervention, making it impossible to achieve continuous mechanized operation of the entire drilling-anchoring-injection process and unable to completely eliminate the safety hazards of manual operation in narrow spaces.

[0010] In summary, existing anchor drilling rigs cannot simultaneously meet the core requirements of TBM construction for support efficiency, operational accuracy, spatial adaptability, and construction safety. Developing an airborne multi-functional anchor drilling rig that can achieve seamless connection of drilling-anchoring-grouting processes without posture adjustment, has a compact structure to adapt to the narrow space of TBMs, high support efficiency, good operational accuracy, and excellent safety performance is a core technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the current field of TBM tunnel construction.

[0011] It should be noted that the above technical information is the result of the applicant's inventive analysis. This explanation is only intended to enhance the understanding of the general background technology of this application by those skilled in the art, and should not be regarded as an admission or implication in any form that the following technical information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0012] To address the shortcomings in the aforementioned background technology, this invention proposes an anchor drilling rig, a tunnel boring machine, and a tunnel boring machine anchoring construction method. The technical problem to be solved is: how to simultaneously achieve seamless and continuous connection of drilling-anchoring-grouting processes without posture adjustment during the tunnel boring machine excavation process, while significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of support operations, adapting to the full-face support requirements of the narrow construction space of the TBM, and reducing reliance on manual labor and construction safety risks.

[0013] The core technical solution of this invention is:

[0014] An anchor drilling rig includes a large gear ring and at least one set of drill-anchor-injection components;

[0015] The large gear ring is used to connect with the axial drive mechanism to realize the axial displacement adjustment of the large gear ring;

[0016] The drill-anchor-injection assembly includes a toothed ring moving device, a rotating device, a rock drilling mechanism, and an anchor-injection mechanism;

[0017] The gear ring moving device achieves circumferential movement by meshing with the large gear ring.

[0018] The rotating device is installed on the outside of the gear ring moving device relative to the large gear ring, and moves circumferentially synchronously with the gear ring moving device; the output end of the rotating device can rotate around its own axis to adjust the working angle.

[0019] The rock drilling mechanism and the anchor-grouting mechanism are arranged opposite each other at the output end of the rotating device. The two move circumferentially synchronously with the rotating device and adjust their working angles. The rock drilling mechanism is used to complete the drilling operation, and the anchor-grouting mechanism is used to complete the installation and grouting operation of the groutable hollow anchor rod.

[0020] This technical solution arranges the rock drilling mechanism and the anchor-injection mechanism opposite each other at the output end of the rotating device, allowing them to synchronously complete circumferential displacement and working angle adjustment with the rotating device. After drilling is completed, the anchor-injection mechanism can be precisely coaxially aligned with the completed drilling point by simply driving the large gear ring along the tunneling axis through the axial drive mechanism. This completely eliminates the method of switching processes that relies on multi-dimensional attitude rotation adjustment of the mechanism in the existing technology, and achieves seamless connection of the drilling-anchor-injection process without attitude adjustment. It fundamentally solves the core defects of the existing technology, such as discontinuous process connection and low efficiency. At the same time, through the meshing cooperation between the gear ring moving device and the large gear ring, 360° continuous support operation along the tunnel annular cross section can be achieved, perfectly adapting to the TBM full-section support requirements. The whole adopts a stacked integrated structure, which does not require the reserved space for mechanism rotation and switching, greatly compressing the radial and axial dimensions of the equipment, and perfectly adapting to the extremely narrow construction space behind the TBM cutterhead.

[0021] Based on the above technical solutions, as a preferred technical solution for the anchor drilling rig, the rock drilling mechanism includes a rock drilling beam, a rock drill, a first drive device, a first compensation device, a first clamp, and a first tightening mechanism; one end of the first compensation device is fixedly connected to the output end of the rotating device, and the other end is fixedly connected to the tail end of the rock drilling beam; the first tightening mechanism and the first clamp are sequentially arranged at the working end of the rock drilling beam along the feed axis of the rock drilling beam, the rock drill is slidably arranged on the rock drilling beam, and the first drive device is connected to the rock drill for driving the rock drill to reciprocate along the feed axis of the rock drilling beam.

[0022] This technical solution achieves the overall feed and retraction of the rock drilling mechanism through the first compensation device, which can flexibly adapt to the working distance requirements of different surrounding rock sections; the first clamping mechanism is positioned against the surrounding rock during drilling operations, which can offset the recoil force of the rock drill during operation and ensure the stability of the drilling operation; the first clamping device clamps and limits the drill rod, which can effectively prevent the drill rod from deflecting during drilling and ensure the coaxiality of the drill and the quality of the hole; the first driving device drives the rock drill to feed and retract along the rock drilling beam, which has smooth transmission, high feed accuracy, and can accurately control the drilling depth, adapting to anchor bolt support operations with different design requirements.

[0023] Based on the above technical solutions, as a preferred technical solution for the anchor drilling rig, the anchor-grouting mechanism includes an anchor beam, an anchor wrench, a second drive device, a second compensation device, a second clamp, a second tightening mechanism, and an anchor magazine; one end of the second compensation device is fixedly connected to the output end of the rotating device, and the other end is fixedly connected to the tail end of the anchor beam; the second tightening mechanism and the second clamp are sequentially arranged at the working end of the anchor beam along the feed axis of the anchor beam; the anchor wrench is slidably arranged on the anchor beam; the second drive device is connected to the anchor wrench for driving the anchor wrench to reciprocate along the feed axis of the anchor beam; the anchor magazine is used to store and supply groutable hollow anchors to the anchor wrench; the clamping end of the anchor wrench is adapted to the hollow anchor; the end of the anchor wrench is provided with a grouting interface, which is connected to the central through hole of the anchor wrench for injecting anchoring grout into the borehole through the inner cavity of the hollow anchor.

[0024] This technical solution utilizes a second compensation device to achieve the overall feeding and retraction of the anchor-grouting mechanism, adapting to the installation requirements of anchor bolts at different drilling depths. A second clamping mechanism, positioned against the surrounding rock during operation, ensures the stability of anchor bolt installation and grouting, preventing displacement during the bolt pushing process. A second clamping device holds and limits the anchor bolt, ensuring coaxiality between the installed bolt and the borehole axis, improving the anchoring effect. An anchor bolt magazine enables automatic storage and loading of hollow anchor bolts, eliminating the need for manual clamping and further reducing reliance on manual labor. A grouting interface connected to the central through-hole at the end of the anchor bolt wrench allows for direct grouting after the anchor bolt is installed, achieving integrated and continuous operation of anchor bolt installation and grouting, further improving process efficiency while ensuring continuity and fullness of the grouting process.

[0025] Based on the above technical solution, as a preferred technical solution for the anchor drilling rig, the drilling-anchor-injection assembly is provided in two sets. In each set of the drilling-anchor-injection assembly, there are two toothed ring moving devices. The two toothed ring moving devices are respectively located on both sides of the axial direction of the rotating device and are meshed with the large toothed ring. The working ends of the rock drilling mechanism and the anchor-injection mechanism are aligned, and the center lines of the feed axes are parallel to each other.

[0026] This technical solution, by setting up two sets of drill-anchor-injection components distributed circumferentially along the large gear ring, allows for simultaneous drilling and anchor-injection operations at two sets of points, doubling the efficiency of full-section anchor bolt support and further matching the high-speed excavation rhythm of the TBM. Each set of drill-anchor-injection components is equipped with two gear ring moving devices located on both sides of the rotating device's axis, enabling dual-drive synchronous circumferential movement of the rotating device. This effectively improves the stability and load-bearing capacity of the mechanism's circumferential movement, avoids the uneven vibration and stress problems caused by single-drive, reduces wear and tear on the mechanism, and enhances the stability and service life of the equipment. At the same time, the feed axis centerlines of the rock drilling mechanism and the anchor-injection mechanism are parallel and their working ends face the same direction, further ensuring the accuracy of hole alignment during process switching and completely eliminating the cumulative error caused by posture adjustment.

[0027] Based on the above technical solutions, as a preferred technical solution for the anchor drilling rig, the rock drilling mechanism is also integrated with a backup grouting mechanism. The backup grouting mechanism is used to adapt to the grouting requirements of pre-grouting and bottom hole consolidation grouting in the hollow anchor support process.

[0028] This technical solution integrates a backup grouting mechanism into the rock drilling mechanism, enabling pre-grouting and bottom-hole consolidation grouting of the surrounding rock to be carried out directly after drilling is completed. This allows for reinforcement of complex strata without switching mechanisms, perfectly adapting to the anchor support requirements under complex geological conditions such as fractured surrounding rock and weak strata. This significantly expands the applicable scenarios and geological adaptability of the equipment. Furthermore, the elimination of the need for additional independent grouting equipment further reduces the construction space required and improves the continuity and efficiency of support operations in complex strata.

[0029] A tunneling machine includes a tunneling machine body, a traveling beam, an axial drive mechanism, and an anchor drilling rig as described in any of the above technical solutions; the traveling beam is mounted on the tunneling machine body, and the large gear ring of the anchor drilling rig is slidably mounted on the traveling beam via the axial drive mechanism, which is used to drive the large gear ring to reciprocate along the axial direction of the traveling beam.

[0030] This technical solution integrates the aforementioned anchor drilling rig onto the main body of the tunnel boring machine (TBM). The axial displacement of the anchor drilling rig is adjusted via a traveling beam and an axial drive mechanism, allowing the TBM to simultaneously complete anchor bolt support work across the entire tunnel face while excavating at the tunnel face. This enables the simultaneous and efficient execution of the three major processes of excavation, muck removal, and support, completely resolving the industry pain points of delayed support operations and inability to match the excavation rhythm in existing technologies, significantly improving the overall efficiency of tunnel construction. Furthermore, the integrated anchor drilling rig with the main body of the TBM eliminates the need for separate anchor bolting equipment, further reducing the space required for construction and perfectly adapting to the construction needs of narrow tunnel spaces.

[0031] Based on the above technical solution, as a technical solution for the tunneling machine, the main body of the tunneling machine is a full-face hard rock tunneling machine, and the traveling beam extends along the tunneling direction of the full-face hard rock tunneling machine.

[0032] This technical solution precisely adapts the anchor drilling rig to the full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine (TBM). The traveling beam extends along the excavation direction, which can fully match the construction conditions and work rhythm of the full-face hard rock TBM. This enables synchronous and continuous operation of hard rock tunnel excavation and anchor support, fundamentally solving the core defects of existing anchor drilling rigs that cannot be adapted to TBM high-speed excavation, narrow space operation, and full-face ring support. It significantly improves the overall efficiency and construction safety of full-face hard rock tunnel construction and reduces the comprehensive cost of hard rock tunnel construction.

[0033] A method for anchoring a tunneling machine, comprising the following steps using the tunneling machine described in the above technical solution:

[0034] S1. Point adjustment: Adjust the axial position of the large gear ring through the axial drive mechanism so that the rock drilling mechanism of the drill-anchor-injection assembly is aligned with the point to be supported; drive the rotating device to move along the circumference of the large gear ring through the gear ring moving device to adjust the circumferential support position; adjust the working angle of the rock drilling mechanism and the anchor-injection mechanism through the rotating device to match the support design requirements.

[0035] S2. Drilling operation: Drilling operation is carried out at the point to be supported by the rock drilling mechanism. After the operation is completed, the rock drilling mechanism is retracted and reset.

[0036] S3, Process Switching: Keep the gear ring moving device and rotating device locked, and drive the large gear ring forward along the tunneling axis through the axial drive mechanism to make the anchor-injection mechanism precisely coaxially aligned with the completed drilling point.

[0037] S4. Anchor-grouting operation: The installation and grouting of the groutable hollow anchor rod are completed through the anchor-grouting mechanism. After the operation is completed, the anchor-grouting mechanism is retracted and reset.

[0038] S5. Repeat steps S1-S4 to complete the anchor bolt support work at all points across the entire cross section.

[0039] This technical solution, based on the aforementioned tunnel boring machine, achieves continuous mechanized operation of the entire drilling-anchoring-grouting process through standardized procedures including point adjustment, drilling operations, process switching without posture adjustment, and anchoring-grouting operations. It completely eliminates the existing method of relying on mechanism posture rotation adjustment for process switching, ensuring seamless process transitions and significantly improving the efficiency of anchor bolt support operations. Simultaneously, the absence of mechanism posture adjustment during process switching completely eliminates the cumulative errors caused by multiple adjustments, ensuring the coaxiality of drilling and anchor bolt installation and improving support quality. It enables 360° continuous support operation across the entire tunnel cross-section, perfectly adapting to the continuous construction requirements of TBMs, significantly reducing reliance on manual labor, and completely eliminating the safety hazards of manual operation in confined spaces.

[0040] Based on the above technical solution, as a preferred technical solution for the tunneling machine anchoring construction method, in step S2, the drilling operation is specifically as follows: the first compensation device drives the rock drilling beam to extend, so that the first jacking mechanism is positioned against the surrounding rock with a preset pre-tightening force; the first drive device drives the rock drill to feed, and the rock drill simultaneously starts impact and rotation actions to complete the drilling; after the drilling is completed, the first drive device drives the rock drill to retract, and the first compensation device drives the rock drilling beam to reset.

[0041] This technical solution clarifies the standardized execution process of drilling operations. The precise positioning before operation is achieved through the cooperation of the first compensation device and the first clamping mechanism, which can effectively counteract the recoil force of the rock drill and ensure the stability of the drilling process. The first drive device drives the rock drill to simultaneously complete the feeding, impact and rotation actions, resulting in good hole quality and precise control of drilling depth. After drilling is completed, the mechanism retracts in a standardized manner according to the process, which can be seamlessly connected with the subsequent process switching actions, further improving the continuity and standardization of the operation process, reducing the need for manual intervention, and ensuring the consistency and stability of batch drilling operations.

[0042] Based on the above technical solution, as a preferred technical solution for the tunneling machine anchoring construction method, in step S4, the anchor-grouting operation specifically involves: the anchor bolt magazine transporting the groutable hollow anchor bolt to the anchor bolt wrench for clamping, so that the inner cavity of the hollow anchor bolt is coaxially connected with the central through hole of the anchor bolt wrench; the second compensation device drives the anchor bolt beam to extend, so that the second tightening mechanism is positioned against the surrounding rock with a preset pre-tightening force; the second drive device drives the anchor bolt wrench to advance, pushing the hollow anchor bolt to the designed drilling depth; through the grouting interface at the end of the anchor bolt wrench, anchoring grout is injected into the borehole through the inner cavity of the hollow anchor bolt to complete the grouting operation; after grouting is completed, the second drive device drives the anchor bolt wrench to retract, and the second compensation device drives the anchor bolt beam to reset.

[0043] This technical solution clarifies the standardized execution process of anchor-grouting operations. It achieves automatic feeding of hollow anchors through an anchor bolt library, ensuring the accuracy of anchor bolt clamping and coaxially connecting the inner cavity of the hollow anchor bolt with the central through-hole of the anchor bolt wrench, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent grouting operations. The cooperation of a second compensation device and a second tightening mechanism achieves operational positioning, ensuring the stability and coaxiality of the anchor bolt pushing process and improving anchor bolt installation accuracy. Grouting is directly performed through the grouting interface at the end of the anchor bolt wrench via the inner cavity of the hollow anchor bolt, realizing the integrated and continuous execution of anchor bolt installation and grouting operations, resulting in good grout fullness and excellent anchoring effect. After the operation is completed, the mechanism retracts in a standardized manner, allowing for rapid entry into the next support point's work cycle, further improving the efficiency, standardization, and construction quality of anchor-grouting operations.

[0044] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant and fundamental beneficial effects:

[0045] A qualitative leap has been achieved in the efficiency of process connection, perfectly matching the high-speed construction rhythm of TBM: This invention completely abandons the technical route of relying on the multi-dimensional posture rotation adjustment of the mechanism to achieve process switching in the existing technology. Through the rock drilling mechanism and the anchor-injection mechanism set in opposite directions, the drilling-anchor-injection process is seamlessly connected without posture adjustment, eliminating all auxiliary time consumption for process switching. The single-point support operation cycle is shortened by more than 50%, which fundamentally solves the industry pain point of low support efficiency and inability to match the TBM excavation rhythm of the existing technology, and realizes the synchronous and efficient development of the three core processes of TBM excavation, slag removal and support.

[0046] The support precision and anchoring quality are greatly improved, ensuring the long-term stability of the surrounding rock: During the process switching of this invention, no mechanism posture adjustment is required, which completely eliminates the cumulative error caused by multiple rotations and tilting adjustments. The coaxiality error of drilling and anchor installation can be controlled within 0.5%. At the same time, the dual positioning and limiting of the clamping mechanism and the clamping device further ensures the hole quality and anchor installation precision, greatly improving the anchoring effect of the anchor and the long-term stability of the tunnel surrounding rock support, and reducing the safety risks during the tunnel operation period.

[0047] With its compact structure and small footprint, this invention is perfectly suited for the narrow working conditions of TBMs: It adopts a layered integrated structural design, eliminating the need for reserved working space for mechanism rotation and switching. The radial and axial dimensions of the equipment are significantly reduced, making it perfectly suited for the extremely narrow working space behind the TBM cutterhead. At the same time, through the meshing cooperation between the gear ring moving device and the large gear ring, it can achieve 360° continuous support operation of the tunnel annular cross section, fully meeting the core construction requirements of full-section annular anchor bolt support for TBMs and filling the adaptation gap of existing technologies.

[0048] The invention enables continuous mechanized operation throughout the entire process, significantly improving the level of inherent safety: It realizes continuous mechanized operation of drilling, anchor bolt feeding, anchor bolt installation, and grouting, eliminating the need for manual assistance in process switching, hole position calibration, anchor bolt clamping, and other operations. This greatly reduces the number of construction personnel and their labor intensity, and completely avoids close-range operation of personnel in the narrow and high-risk surrounding rock area behind the TBM cutterhead. It fundamentally eliminates the safety hazards of manual operation and achieves inherent safety in tunnel anchoring construction.

[0049] Stable and reliable operation with strong adaptability to geological and working conditions: This invention adopts a symmetrical drive design of a double-tooth ring moving device, which ensures balanced force distribution and no off-center load, significantly reducing vibration and wear during operation and significantly improving the service life and long-term operational reliability of the equipment. At the same time, by adding a utility grouting mechanism, it can adapt to the support needs of complex geological conditions such as fractured surrounding rock and soft strata. It can not only be used for full-face hard rock tunneling machine construction, but also for anchoring support operations in various underground projects such as mine roadways and municipal tunnels. It has a wide range of applications and strong adaptability to different scenarios.

[0050] It should be noted that during construction, the axial movement of the axial drive mechanism can counteract the tunneling movement of the tunneling machine. The tunneling machine does not need to stop, and the large gear ring can remain relatively stationary. That is, the construction process of this technical solution can be carried out simultaneously with the tunneling construction of the full-face hard rock tunneling machine, and the two do not interfere with each other. Drilling and anchoring operations can be carried out at the same time as tunneling. Attached Figure Description

[0051] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0052] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of an anchor drilling rig;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rock drilling mechanism;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor-injection mechanism;

[0055] Figure 4 This is a side view of an anchor drilling rig.

[0056] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the working process of an anchor drilling rig;

[0057] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an anchor drilling rig with an integrated backup grouting mechanism.

[0058] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0059] 1-Traveling beam; 2-Large gear ring; 3-Drill-anchor-injection assembly; 4-Rotating device; 5-Gear ring moving device;

[0060] 301-First tightening mechanism; 302-First drill bit clamp; 303-First compensation device; 304-Drilling beam; 305-Rock drill; 306-Second drive device; 307-Grouting interface; 308-Anchor bolt wrench; 309-Anchor bolt magazine; 310-Anchor bolt beam; 311-Second compensation device; 312-Second drill bit clamp; 313-Second tightening mechanism; 314-First drive device; 315-Spare grouting mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0061] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the core concept of the present invention and the following embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] These embodiments are provided to make the application thorough and complete, and to fully express the scope of the application to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of components and steps, material composition, numerical expressions, and values ​​illustrated in these embodiments should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limiting.

[0063] It should be noted that, in the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "several" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0064] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this application do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different parts. "Vertical" is not strictly vertical, but within the permissible margin of error. "Parallel" is not strictly parallel, but within the permissible margin of error. Terms such as "including" or "contains" mean that the element preceding the word encompasses the element listed after it, and do not exclude the possibility of encompassing other elements as well.

[0065] It should also be noted that, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application depending on the specific circumstances. When a specific device is described as being located between a first device and a second device, an intermediary device may or may not be present between the specific device and the first or second device.

[0066] All terms used in this application have the same meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains, unless otherwise specifically defined. It should also be understood that terms defined in general dictionaries should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the relevant art, and not as idealized or highly formalized, unless expressly defined herein.

[0067] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, they should be considered part of the specification.

[0068] General Implementation Examples

[0069] This embodiment provides an anchor drilling rig, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a large gear ring 2 and at least one set of drill-anchor-injection components 3.

[0070] The large gear ring 2 is an annular external or internal meshing gear ring structure. Its outer circumference is provided with a connection interface adapted to the axial drive mechanism for transmission connection with the axial drive mechanism. The displacement adjustment along the tunneling axis is realized by the drive of the axial drive mechanism. The inner ring of the large gear ring 2 is provided with continuous meshing teeth for cooperation with the drill-anchor-injection assembly 3 to realize circumferential displacement adjustment. The axis of the large gear ring 2 coincides with the tunnel excavation axis. Its diameter can be adapted to the tunnel cross-section size. In this embodiment, the diameter of the large gear ring 2 is 5m, which is adapted to the construction cross-section of a conventional railway tunnel TBM.

[0071] The drill-anchor-injection assembly 3 includes a toothed ring moving device 5, a rotating device 4, a rock drilling mechanism, and an anchor-injection mechanism.

[0072] like Figure 2As shown, the gear ring moving device 5 is a circumferential walking drive mechanism, including a drive motor, a transmission gear, and an auxiliary roller adapted to the large gear ring 2 for radial positioning. The transmission gear meshes with the meshing teeth of the inner or outer ring of the large gear ring 2. When the drive motor drives the transmission gear to rotate, it can drive the entire drill-anchor-injection assembly 3 to move circumferentially along the large gear ring 2. In this embodiment, the walking speed of the gear ring moving device 5 is 0-1.2 r / min, which can realize the rapid adjustment and precise positioning of the circumferential support points.

[0073] The rotating device 4 is an operating angle adjustment mechanism, including a slewing support and a hydraulic drive motor. The outer ring of the slewing support is fixedly installed on the radially outer side of the gear ring moving device 5 relative to the large gear ring 2, and can move circumferentially synchronously with the gear ring moving device 5. The inner ring of the slewing support is the output end, which can rotate around its own axis under the drive of the hydraulic drive motor. The rotation angle range is ±90°, which is used to synchronously adjust the operating angle of the rock drilling mechanism and the anchor-injection mechanism to adapt to the support design angle requirements of different tunnel cross-sections.

[0074] like Figure 4 As shown, the rock drilling mechanism and the anchor-injection mechanism are arranged parallel to each other along the tunnel excavation axis and opposite each other at the output end of the rotating device 4. The mounting bases of both are rigidly connected to the output end of the rotating device 4, and can be synchronously displaced circumferentially and adjusted synchronously with the rotating device 4. The rock drilling mechanism is located on the front side close to the tunnel face, and the anchor-injection mechanism is located on the rear side. The working ends of both face the surrounding rock radially outward of the tunnel. The center lines of the feed axes are parallel to each other, with a parallelism error of no more than 0.2 mm / m, and the working ends are completely aligned. In this embodiment, the axial center distance between the rock drilling mechanism and the anchor-injection mechanism is 1000 mm, which is perfectly matched with the step distance of a single axial feed of the large gear ring 2.

[0075] The rock drilling mechanism is a drilling operation execution mechanism used to complete the drilling operation of the surrounding rock; the anchor-grouting mechanism is an integrated anchor-grouting operation execution mechanism used to complete the installation and grouting operation of the groutable hollow anchor rod.

[0076] The working principle of the anchor drilling rig in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 5 As shown:

[0077] Before drilling, the axial position of the large gear ring 2 is adjusted by the axial drive mechanism so that the rock drilling mechanism of the drill-anchor-injection assembly 3 is aligned with the axial point to be supported; the gear ring moving device 5 is started, which drives the rotating device 4, the rock drilling mechanism and the anchor-injection mechanism to move around the circumference of the large gear ring 2 and adjust them to the target circumferential support point; the rotating device 4 is started, and the working angles of the rock drilling mechanism and the anchor-injection mechanism are adjusted synchronously so that they are completely matched with the support design angle.

[0078] After drilling is completed, keep the toothed ring moving device 5 and rotating device 4 completely locked, and drive the large toothed ring 2 forward 1000mm along the tunneling axis through the axial drive mechanism. At this time, the center line of the feed axis of the anchor-grouting mechanism of the drill-anchor-grouting assembly 3 is completely coincident with the completed borehole axis, realizing precise hole alignment without posture adjustment. Without any auxiliary actions such as mechanism rotation or tilt angle calibration, the anchor bolt installation and grouting operation can be carried out directly.

[0079] The anchor drilling rig in this embodiment completely abandons the technical route of relying on multi-dimensional posture rotation adjustment of the mechanism to achieve process switching in the existing technology. It realizes seamless connection of drilling-anchoring-injection process without posture adjustment. The single-point support operation cycle is shortened by more than 55% compared with the existing technology. At the same time, the structure is compact, and the radial and axial space occupancy is reduced by 40% compared with the existing double-arm drilling rig. It can perfectly adapt to the narrow construction space behind the TBM cutterhead. Through the cooperation of the toothed ring moving device 5 and the large toothed ring 2, 360° continuous support operation of the tunnel annular section can be realized, which fully meets the core requirements of TBM full-section support.

[0080] Example 1

[0081] This embodiment further defines the rock drilling mechanism of the drill-anchor-injection assembly 3 based on the general embodiment.

[0082] like Figure 2 As shown, the rock drilling mechanism includes a rock drilling beam 304, a rock drill 305, a first driving device 314, a first compensation device 303, a first drill clamp 302, and a first tightening mechanism 301.

[0083] The first compensation device 303 is a hydraulic compensation cylinder. Its cylinder end is rigidly fixedly connected to the output end of the rotating device 4, and its piston rod end is rigidly fixedly connected to the tail end of the rock drilling beam 304. It is used to drive the rock drilling beam 304 to feed and retract along the feed axis towards the surrounding rock. In this embodiment, the stroke of the first compensation device 303 is 500mm, which can be adapted to the working distance requirements of different surrounding rock cross sections.

[0084] The first clamping mechanism 301 and the first clamping device 302 are sequentially fixedly installed on the working end (front end) of the rock drilling beam 304 along the feed axis of the rock drilling beam 304. The first clamping mechanism 301 is a hydraulic clamping cylinder with a rubber anti-slip top plate at its extended end, which is used to extend during drilling operations and abut against the surrounding rock surface with a preset pre-tightening force of 10MPa-15MPa to counteract the recoil force of the rock drill 305 during operation and ensure the stability of the drilling operation. The first clamping device 302 is a hydraulic opening and closing clamping device, and its clamping hole is coaxially set with the drill rod of the rock drill 305. It is used to clamp the drill rod during drilling to prevent the drill rod from deflecting and to ensure the coaxiality of the drilling and the quality of the hole.

[0085] The rock drill 305 is a hydraulic rock drill, which is slidably mounted on the linear guide rail of the rock drill beam 304 via a sliding seat. In this embodiment, the impact power of the rock drill 305 is 75kW, which can meet the drilling needs of hard rock formations.

[0086] The first drive device 314 is a chain-type transmission mechanism, including a drive motor, a drive sprocket, a driven sprocket, and a transmission chain. The drive sprocket and the driven sprocket are respectively located at the two ends of the axial direction of the rock drilling beam 304, and the transmission chain is wound between them. The sliding seat of the rock drill 305 is rigidly fixedly connected to the transmission chain. The drive motor drives the drive sprocket to rotate, which in turn drives the rock drill 305 to move back and forth along the feed axis of the rock drilling beam 304 through the transmission chain. In this embodiment, the feed speed of the first drive device 314 is 0-1.2m / min, which can accurately control the drilling feed speed and drilling depth.

[0087] The rock drilling mechanism of this embodiment, through the cooperation of the first compensation device 303, the first tightening mechanism 301, and the first clamping device 302, can achieve precise positioning and stable operation of drilling, with a hole verticality error of no more than 0.3%, which is more than 60% higher than the hole accuracy of the prior art. At the same time, it can realize the fully automated operation of drilling without manual intervention.

[0088] Example 2

[0089] This embodiment further defines the anchoring and injection mechanism of the drill-anchor-injection assembly 3 based on the general embodiment.

[0090] like Figure 3 As shown, the anchor-injection mechanism includes an anchor beam 310, an anchor wrench 308, a second drive device 306, a second compensation device 311, a second clamping device 312, a second tightening mechanism 313, and an anchor magazine 309.

[0091] The second compensation device 311 is a hydraulic compensation cylinder. Its cylinder end is rigidly fixedly connected to the output end of the rotating device 4, and its piston rod end is rigidly fixedly connected to the tail end of the anchor beam 310. It is used to drive the anchor beam 310 as a whole to feed and retract along the feed axis towards the surrounding rock. In this embodiment, the stroke of the second compensation device 311 is 500mm, which matches the stroke of the first compensation device 303, and is adapted to the anchor installation requirements of different drilling depths.

[0092] The second tightening mechanism 313 and the second clamping device 312 are sequentially fixedly installed on the working end (front end) of the anchor beam 310 along the feed axis of the anchor beam 310. The second tightening mechanism 313 is a hydraulic tightening cylinder with a rubber anti-slip plate at its extended end, which is used to extend during anchor installation and grouting operations to abut against the surrounding rock surface with a preset pre-tightening force of 10MPa-15MPa, ensuring the stability of the anchor pushing process. The second clamping device 312 is a hydraulic opening and closing clamping device, with its clamping hole coaxially set with the clamping end of the anchor wrench 308, used to clamp the hollow anchor during anchor installation, ensuring the coaxiality of the anchor installation with the borehole axis and improving the anchoring effect.

[0093] The anchor wrench 308 is a hydraulic rotary wrench, which is slidably mounted on the linear guide rail of the anchor beam 310 via a sliding seat. Its clamping end is adapted to the tail of the groutable hollow anchor rod, which can drive the hollow anchor rod to rotate and feed. The end of the anchor wrench 308 is provided with a grouting interface 307, which is coaxially connected to the central through hole of the anchor wrench 308. The central through hole is coaxially connected to the inner cavity of the clamped hollow anchor rod, and is used to inject anchoring grout into the borehole through the inner cavity of the hollow anchor rod.

[0094] The second drive device 306 is a chain-type transmission mechanism, and its structure is the same as that of the first drive device 314. It includes a drive motor, a drive sprocket, a driven sprocket, and a transmission chain. The drive sprocket and the driven sprocket are respectively located at the two ends of the axial direction of the anchor beam 310, and the transmission chain is wound between them. The sliding seat of the anchor wrench 308 is rigidly fixedly connected to the transmission chain. The drive motor drives the drive sprocket to rotate, which in turn drives the anchor wrench 308 to move back and forth along the feed axis of the anchor beam 310 through the transmission chain. In this embodiment, the feed speed of the second drive device 306 is 0-1.0 m / min, which can accurately control the installation feed speed of the anchor.

[0095] The anchor bolt storage 309 is a rotary anchor bolt storage bin, fixedly installed on the side of the anchor bolt beam 310. It can store 10-20 hollow anchor bolts that can be grouted. It is equipped with a hydraulic pushing mechanism, which can automatically push the stored hollow anchor bolts to the clamping position of the anchor bolt wrench 308, realizing automatic feeding of hollow anchor bolts without the need for manual clamping.

[0096] The anchor-grouting mechanism in this embodiment realizes the integrated continuous operation of automatic anchor feeding, anchor installation, and grouting. The coaxiality error between the anchor installation and the drilling is no more than 0.5%, and the grouting fullness can reach more than 98%. Compared with the existing technology, it significantly improves the anchoring quality of the anchor and further reduces the reliance on manual labor, thereby improving the work efficiency.

[0097] Example 3

[0098] This embodiment further limits the quantity and structure of the drill-anchor-injection assembly 3 based on the general embodiment.

[0099] The drill-anchor-injection assembly 3 is provided in two sets, which are symmetrically distributed along the circumference of the large gear ring 2. The circumferential phase difference between the two sets of drill-anchor-injection assemblies 3 is 180°, which can simultaneously carry out drilling and anchoring operations at two sets of points. The full-section support efficiency is 100% higher than that of a single assembly.

[0100] In each of the drill-anchor-injection components 3, there are two gear ring moving devices 5. The two gear ring moving devices 5 are respectively located on the front and rear sides of the axial direction of the rotating device 4. The transmission gears of the two gear ring moving devices 5 are engaged with the inner ring meshing teeth of the large gear ring 2. The dual-drive synchronous control mode is adopted to synchronously drive the rotating device 4 to move along the circumference of the large gear ring 2.

[0101] This embodiment adopts a structure of dual-group drill-anchor-injection assembly 3 and dual-tooth ring moving device 5. On the one hand, it can realize synchronous operation at two points, greatly improve the efficiency of full-section support, and perfectly match the high-speed excavation rhythm of TBM. On the other hand, the symmetrical drive design of dual-tooth ring moving device 5 makes the force of rotating device 4 and working mechanism balanced and without off-center load, avoiding the vibration and wear caused by single-group drive, improving the stability of equipment operation by more than 70% and extending the service life by more than 40%.

[0102] Example 4

[0103] Based on the general embodiment, this embodiment adds a spare grouting mechanism 315 to the drill-anchor-grouting assembly 3.

[0104] like Figure 6 As shown, the rock drilling beam 304 of the drilling-anchor-grouting assembly 3 also integrates a backup grouting mechanism 315. The backup grouting mechanism 315 includes a high-pressure grouting pipeline, a grouting control valve group, and a grouting joint. The grouting joint is located at the working end of the rock drilling beam 304 and can be coaxially aligned with the borehole. One end of the high-pressure grouting pipeline is connected to the grouting joint, and the other end is connected to the tunnel grouting pump station. The grouting control valve group is used to control the start and stop of grouting and the grouting pressure.

[0105] The backup grouting mechanism 315 in this embodiment can directly carry out pre-grouting and bottom-hole consolidation grouting and other surrounding rock pretreatment operations into the borehole through the rock drilling mechanism after the drilling operation is completed. It can complete the reinforcement treatment under complex geological conditions such as fractured surrounding rock and weak strata without switching mechanisms, which greatly expands the geological adaptability of the equipment, eliminates the need for additional independent grouting equipment, further reduces the construction space occupation, and improves the continuity of complex strata support operations.

[0106] Example 5

[0107] This embodiment provides a tunneling machine, including a tunneling machine body, a traveling beam 1, an axial drive mechanism, and an anchor drilling machine as described in any one of the general embodiment to sub-embodiment 4.

[0108] The traveling beam 1 is a box-type steel structure beam, fixedly installed on the main beam of the tunneling machine body, and extends along the tunneling direction of the tunneling machine; the axial drive mechanism is an axial propulsion cylinder group, including 2-4 synchronously controlled hydraulic propulsion cylinders. The cylinder end of the hydraulic propulsion cylinder is fixed to the end of the traveling beam 1, and the piston rod end is rigidly fixedly connected to the sliding seat of the large gear ring 2. The large gear ring 2 is slidably installed on the linear guide rail of the traveling beam 1 through the sliding seat. The axial drive mechanism can drive the large gear ring 2 to reciprocate along the axial direction of the traveling beam 1. In this embodiment, the stroke of the axial drive mechanism is 2000mm, which can meet the axial position adjustment and process switching feed requirements of the large gear ring 2.

[0109] The tunnel boring machine in this embodiment can simultaneously complete the anchor bolt support operation across the entire tunnel face while excavating at the tunnel face. This enables the simultaneous and efficient execution of the three core processes of excavation, muck removal, and support, completely solving the industry pain point of delayed support operations and inability to match the excavation rhythm in existing technologies. The overall tunnel construction efficiency is improved by more than 40%. At the same time, the anchor bolt drilling rig is integrated with the main body of the tunnel boring machine, eliminating the need for additional independent anchor bolt construction equipment, perfectly adapting to the construction needs of narrow tunnel spaces.

[0110] Example 6

[0111] This embodiment further defines the main body of the tunneling machine based on embodiment 5.

[0112] The main body of the tunneling machine is a full-face hard rock tunneling machine (TBM). The traveling beam 1 is fixedly installed on the main beam of the TBM along the tunneling direction of the full-face hard rock tunneling machine and is located on the rear side of the TBM cutterhead. The large gear ring 2 of the anchor drill is coaxially arranged with the TBM cutterhead and can move forward synchronously with the tunneling of the TBM.

[0113] In this embodiment, during the continuous tunneling construction of the TBM, the tunneling motion of the TBM can be counteracted by the axial reverse movement of the axial drive mechanism, so that the large gear ring 2 remains stationary relative to the surrounding rock. This allows drilling and anchoring operations to be completed simultaneously while the TBM is tunneling without stopping. The tunneling construction and anchoring support do not interfere with each other, realizing the complete synchronization of TBM tunneling and support operations. This completely eliminates the impact of support operations on the TBM tunneling rhythm, and the monthly advance of the TBM can be increased by more than 30%.

[0114] Example 7

[0115] This embodiment provides a method for anchoring a tunneling machine, based on the tunneling machine described in Embodiment 5 or Embodiment 6, and includes the following steps:

[0116] S1. Point adjustment: Adjust the axial position of the large gear ring 2 through the axial drive mechanism so that the rock drilling mechanism of the drill-anchor-injection assembly 3 is aligned with the point to be supported; drive the rotating device 4 to move along the circumference of the large gear ring 2 through the gear ring moving device 5 and adjust it to the target circumferential support position; adjust the working angle of the rock drilling mechanism and the anchor-injection mechanism through the rotating device 4 so that they are fully matched with the support design requirements.

[0117] S2. Drilling operation: The drilling operation at the point to be supported is completed by the rock drilling mechanism of the drill-anchor-injection component 3. After the operation is completed, the rock drilling mechanism is retracted and reset.

[0118] S3, Process switching: Keep the gear ring moving device 5 and the rotating device 4 completely locked, and drive the large gear ring 2 forward along the tunneling axis through the axial drive mechanism to make the anchor-injection mechanism of the drill-anchor-injection assembly 3 precisely coaxially aligned with the completed drilling point.

[0119] S4, Anchor-Injection Operation: The installation and grouting of the groutable hollow anchor rod are completed by the anchor-injection mechanism of the drill-anchor-injection assembly 3. After the operation is completed, the anchor-injection mechanism is retracted and reset.

[0120] S5. Repeat steps S1-S4 to complete the anchor bolt support work at all points across the entire tunnel cross section.

[0121] The anchoring construction method in this embodiment realizes continuous mechanized operation of the entire drilling-anchoring-grouting process, completely eliminating the method of switching processes that relies on the rotation adjustment of the mechanism in the existing technology. The switching time is reduced from 3-5 minutes in the existing technology to less than 10 seconds, which greatly improves the efficiency of anchor support operation. At the same time, there is no posture adjustment during the switching process, which completely eliminates the cumulative error, ensures the coaxiality of the drilling and anchor installation, improves the support quality, and can realize 360° continuous support operation of the entire tunnel cross section, perfectly adapting to the continuous construction requirements of TBM.

[0122] Example 8

[0123] This embodiment further defines the drilling operation steps based on embodiment 7.

[0124] In step S2, the specific execution process of the drilling operation is as follows: the first compensation device 303 drives the rock drilling beam 304 to extend towards the surrounding rock, so that the first clamping mechanism 301 is positioned against the surface of the surrounding rock with a preset pre-tightening force of 12MPa; the first drive device 314 drives the rock drill 305 to advance along the rock drilling beam 304, and the rock drill 305 simultaneously starts impact and rotation actions, completing the drilling at a feed speed of 0.8m / min; after the drilling reaches the designed depth, the first drive device 314 drives the rock drill 305 to quickly retract to the initial position, and the first compensation device 303 drives the rock drilling beam 304 to retract and reset, so that the rock drilling mechanism is completely separated from the surrounding rock.

[0125] This embodiment clarifies the standardized execution process of drilling operations, enabling fully automated drilling operations with stable hole quality and a depth error of no more than 5mm for batch drilling. It can be seamlessly connected with subsequent process switching actions, further improving the continuity and standardization of the operation process without the need for manual intervention.

[0126] Example 9

[0127] This embodiment further defines the anchoring and injection operation steps based on embodiment 7.

[0128] In step S4, the specific execution process of the anchor-grouting operation is as follows: the anchor bolt magazine 309 pushes the groutable hollow anchor bolt to the anchor bolt wrench 308 for clamping, so that the inner cavity of the hollow anchor bolt is coaxially connected with the central through hole of the anchor bolt wrench 308; the second compensation device 311 drives the anchor bolt beam 310 to extend towards the surrounding rock, so that the second tightening mechanism 313 adheres to the surface of the surrounding rock with a preset pre-tightening force of 12MPa to complete the positioning; the second driving device 306 drives the anchor bolt wrench 308 to advance along the anchor bolt beam 310, and the anchor bolt wrench 308... 08 synchronously drives the hollow anchor bolt to rotate, pushing the hollow anchor bolt to the designed depth in the borehole; connect the grouting pipeline to the grouting interface 307 at the end of the anchor bolt wrench 308, and inject anchoring grout into the borehole at a grouting pressure of 2MPa-5MPa. After the grout overflows from the borehole opening, stabilize the pressure for 3 minutes to complete the grouting operation; after grouting is completed, the second drive device 306 drives the anchor bolt wrench 308 to retract to the initial position, and the second compensation device 311 drives the anchor bolt beam 310 to retract and reset, so that the anchor-grouting mechanism is completely separated from the surrounding rock.

[0129] This embodiment clarifies the standardized execution process of anchor-grouting operations, realizing the integrated and continuous implementation of anchor installation and grouting operations. The anchor installation accuracy is high, the grouting fullness is good, the anchoring effect is stable, and the operation cycle can quickly enter the next support point after the operation is completed, further improving the efficiency and construction quality of anchor-grouting operations.

[0130] Preferred Implementation

[0131] This embodiment represents the optimal implementation method covering all technical solutions, providing an onboard anchor drilling rig adapted to a full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine and an anchoring construction method. The specific solution is as follows:

[0132] The anchor drilling rig of this embodiment includes a large gear ring 2 and two sets of drill-anchor-injection components 3, which are symmetrically distributed 180° around the circumference of the large gear ring 2.

[0133] The large gear ring 2 is an annular internal meshing gear ring with a diameter of 6.5m, which is suitable for the 7m diameter TBM construction section. The large gear ring 2 is slidably installed on the traveling beam 1 of the TBM main beam through a sliding seat. The traveling beam 1 extends along the TBM excavation direction. The axial drive mechanism consists of 4 synchronously controlled hydraulic propulsion cylinders, which drive the large gear ring 2 to reciprocate along the axial direction of the traveling beam 1, with an axial stroke of 2000mm.

[0134] Each drill-anchor-grout assembly 3 includes two toothed ring moving devices 5, a rotating device 4, a rock drilling mechanism, an anchor-grouting mechanism, and a backup grouting mechanism 315.

[0135] Two gear ring moving devices 5 are respectively located on the front and rear sides of the axial direction of the rotating device 4, and both mesh with the inner ring meshing teeth of the large gear ring 2, synchronously driving the rotating device 4 to move around the circumference of the large gear ring 2 at a speed of 0-1.5r / min; the rotating device 4 is fixedly installed on the radial outside of the two gear ring moving devices 5, with an output end rotation angle range of ±90°, which can synchronously adjust the working angle of the rock drilling mechanism and the anchor-injection mechanism.

[0136] The rock drilling mechanism and the anchor-injection mechanism are arranged parallel to each other along the tunneling axis and opposite each other at the output end of the rotating device 4. The axial center distance is 1200mm, the parallelism error of the feed axial center line is no more than 0.2mm / m, and the working ends face the same direction.

[0137] The rock drilling mechanism includes a rock drilling beam 304, a rock drill 305, a first drive device 314, a first compensation device 303, a first drill bit clamp 302, and a first clamping mechanism 301. The first compensation device 303 has a stroke of 600mm, the first drive device 314 is a chain-driven transmission mechanism with a feed speed of 0-1.5m / min, and the rock drill 305 has an impact power of 90kW, suitable for high-intensity hard rock drilling operations. The rock drilling beam 304 integrates a spare grouting mechanism 315, which can realize pre-grouting and bottom hole consolidation grouting.

[0138] The anchor-grouting mechanism includes an anchor beam 310, an anchor wrench 308, a second drive device 306, a second compensation device 311, a second clamping device 312, a second tightening mechanism 313, and an anchor magazine 309. The second compensation device 311 has a stroke of 600 mm, the second drive device 306 is a chain-driven transmission mechanism with a feed speed of 0-1.2 m / min, the anchor magazine 309 can store 15 hollow anchors, and the end of the anchor wrench 308 is provided with a grouting interface 307 that communicates with the central through hole, which can realize the integrated operation of anchor installation and grouting.

[0139] The anchoring construction method of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0140] S1. Point Adjustment: During TBM tunneling, the reverse movement of the axial drive mechanism counteracts the TBM's tunneling displacement, keeping the large gear ring 2 stationary relative to the surrounding rock; the axial position of the large gear ring 2 is adjusted so that the rock drilling mechanisms of the two sets of drill-anchor-injection components 3 are aligned with two symmetrical points to be supported; the circumferential position is adjusted by the gear ring moving device 5, and the working angle is adjusted by the rotating device 4, so that the rock drilling mechanism is perfectly matched with the support design angle.

[0141] S2. Drilling Operation: The drilling mechanisms of the two sets of drill-anchor-grouting components 3 simultaneously carry out drilling operations. The first compensation device 303 extends, and the first tightening mechanism 301 is positioned against the surrounding rock with a pre-tightening force of 15MPa. The first drive device 314 drives the rock drill 305 to feed, and the rock drill 305 synchronously impacts and rotates to complete the drilling. After drilling is completed, the drilling mechanism retracts and resets. For fractured surrounding rock formations, after the bottom of the hole is consolidated and grouted by the backup grouting mechanism 315, the mechanism retracts.

[0142] S3, Process switching: Keep the gear ring moving device 5 and the rotating device 4 locked, and drive the axial drive mechanism to drive the large gear ring 2 forward 1200mm along the tunneling direction, so that the anchor-injection mechanism of the two sets of drill-anchor-injection components 3 are precisely coaxially aligned with the two completed drilling points respectively.

[0143] S4. Anchor-Injection Operation: The anchor-injection mechanisms of the two sets of drilling-anchor-injection components 3 carry out anchor-injection operations simultaneously. The anchor bolt magazine 309 completes the automatic feeding of hollow anchor bolts, the second compensation device 311 extends, and the second tightening mechanism 313 is positioned against the surrounding rock with a pre-tightening force of 15MPa. The second drive device 306 drives the anchor bolt wrench 308 to feed and push the hollow anchor bolt to the design depth. The grouting operation is completed through the grouting interface 307. After the grouting is completed, the anchor-injection mechanism retracts and resets.

[0144] S5. Repeat steps S1-S4 to complete the anchor bolt support operation at all points on the entire tunnel cross section, so as to realize the synchronous and continuous construction of TBM excavation and support.

[0145] This invention completely solves the core defects of existing technologies, such as frequent attitude adjustments required for anchor drilling rig process switching, low efficiency, poor precision, large space occupation, and inability to adapt to TBM construction. It achieves seamless connection of drilling-anchoring-grouting processes without attitude adjustments, and the single-point dual-group synchronous operation cycle is more than 3 times more efficient than existing technologies. The coaxiality error between drilling and anchor installation is controlled within 0.3%, ensuring stable and reliable anchoring quality. The compact structure perfectly adapts to the narrow construction space behind the TBM cutterhead, enabling 360° full-section continuous support. The fully mechanized operation completely eliminates the safety hazards of manual operation in narrow spaces, and allows for simultaneous TBM-based tunneling and support operations without stopping the machine. This significantly improves the overall efficiency and safety of hard rock tunnel construction, demonstrating outstanding substantive features and remarkable progress.

[0146] It should be noted that the large gear ring 2 in this invention can be either a closed annular gear ring or a non-closed gear ring with an opening.

[0147] All aspects not detailed in this invention are conventional technical means known to those skilled in the art.

[0148] The above content shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and beneficial effects of the present invention. The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anchor drilling rig, characterized in that, Includes a large gear ring and at least one set of drill-anchor-injection components; The large gear ring is used to connect with the axial drive mechanism to realize the axial displacement adjustment of the large gear ring; The drill-anchor-injection assembly includes a toothed ring moving device, a rotating device, a rock drilling mechanism, and an anchor-injection mechanism; The gear ring moving device achieves circumferential movement by meshing with the large gear ring. The rotating device is installed on the outside of the gear ring moving device relative to the large gear ring, and moves circumferentially synchronously with the gear ring moving device; the output end of the rotating device can rotate around its own axis to adjust the working angle. The rock drilling mechanism and the anchor-grouting mechanism are arranged opposite each other at the output end of the rotating device. The two move circumferentially synchronously with the rotating device and adjust their working angles. The rock drilling mechanism is used to complete the drilling operation, and the anchor-grouting mechanism is used to complete the installation and grouting operation of the groutable hollow anchor rod.

2. The anchor drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rock drilling mechanism includes a rock drilling beam, a rock drill, a first drive device, a first compensation device, a first clamp, and a first tightening mechanism; one end of the first compensation device is fixedly connected to the output end of the rotating device, and the other end is fixedly connected to the tail end of the rock drilling beam; the first tightening mechanism and the first clamp are sequentially arranged at the working end of the rock drilling beam along the feed axis of the rock drilling beam, the rock drill is slidably arranged on the rock drilling beam, and the first drive device is connected to the rock drill for driving the rock drill to reciprocate along the feed axis of the rock drilling beam.

3. The anchor drilling rig according to claim 2, characterized in that, The anchor-grouting mechanism includes an anchor beam, an anchor wrench, a second drive device, a second compensation device, a second clamp, a second tightening mechanism, and an anchor magazine. One end of the second compensation device is fixedly connected to the output end of the rotating device, and the other end is fixedly connected to the tail end of the anchor beam. The second tightening mechanism and the second clamp are sequentially arranged at the working end of the anchor beam along the feed axis of the anchor beam. The anchor wrench is slidably mounted on the anchor beam. The second drive device is connected to the anchor wrench for driving the anchor wrench to reciprocate along the feed axis of the anchor beam. The anchor magazine is used to store and supply groutable hollow anchors to the anchor wrench. The clamping end of the anchor wrench is adapted to the hollow anchor. The end of the anchor wrench is provided with a grouting interface, which is connected to the central through hole of the anchor wrench for injecting anchoring grout into the borehole through the inner cavity of the hollow anchor.

4. The anchor drilling rig according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The drill-anchor-injection assembly is provided in two sets. In each set of the drill-anchor-injection assembly, there are two toothed ring moving devices. The two toothed ring moving devices are located on both sides of the axial direction of the rotating device and are engaged with the large toothed ring. The working ends of the rock drilling mechanism and the anchor-injection mechanism face the same direction, and the center lines of the feed axes are parallel to each other.

5. The anchor drilling rig according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rock drilling mechanism is also integrated with a backup grouting mechanism, which is used to adapt to the grouting requirements of pre-grouting and bottom-hole consolidation grouting in the hollow anchor bolt support process.

6. A tunneling machine, characterized in that, The invention includes a tunneling machine body, a traveling beam, an axial drive mechanism, and an anchor drilling rig as described in any one of claims 1-5; the traveling beam is mounted on the tunneling machine body, and the large gear ring of the anchor drilling rig is slidably mounted on the traveling beam via the axial drive mechanism, which drives the large gear ring to reciprocate along the axial direction of the traveling beam.

7. The tunneling machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The main body of the tunneling machine is a full-face hard rock tunneling machine, and the traveling beam extends along the tunneling direction of the full-face hard rock tunneling machine.

8. A method for anchoring a tunneling machine, characterized in that, The following steps are performed using the tunneling machine as described in claim 6 or 7: S1. Point adjustment: Adjust the axial position of the large gear ring through the axial drive mechanism so that the rock drilling mechanism of the drill-anchor-injection assembly is aligned with the point to be supported; drive the rotating device to move along the circumference of the large gear ring through the gear ring moving device to adjust the circumferential support position; adjust the working angle of the rock drilling mechanism and the anchor-injection mechanism through the rotating device to match the support design requirements. S2. Drilling operation: Drilling operation is carried out at the point to be supported by the rock drilling mechanism. After the operation is completed, the rock drilling mechanism is retracted and reset. S3, Process Switching: Keep the gear ring moving device and rotating device locked, and drive the large gear ring forward along the tunneling axis through the axial drive mechanism to make the anchor-injection mechanism precisely coaxially aligned with the completed drilling point. S4. Anchor-grouting operation: The installation and grouting of the groutable hollow anchor rod are completed through the anchor-grouting mechanism. After the operation is completed, the anchor-grouting mechanism is retracted and reset. S5. Repeat steps S1-S4 to complete the anchor bolt support work at all points across the entire cross section.

9. The method for anchoring a tunneling machine according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S2, the drilling operation is as follows: the first compensation device drives the rock drill beam to extend, so that the first tightening mechanism is positioned against the surrounding rock with a preset pre-tightening force; the first drive device drives the rock drill to feed, and the rock drill simultaneously starts impact and rotation actions to complete the drilling; after the drilling is completed, the first drive device drives the rock drill to retract, and the first compensation device drives the rock drill beam to reset.

10. The method for anchoring a tunneling machine according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S4, the anchor-grouting operation is as follows: the anchor bolt magazine delivers the groutable hollow anchor bolt to the anchor bolt wrench for clamping, so that the inner cavity of the hollow anchor bolt is coaxially connected with the central through hole of the anchor bolt wrench; the second compensation device drives the anchor bolt beam to extend, so that the second tightening mechanism is positioned against the surrounding rock with a preset pre-tightening force; the second drive device drives the anchor bolt wrench to feed, pushing the hollow anchor bolt to the designed drilling depth; through the grouting interface at the end of the anchor bolt wrench, the anchoring grout is injected into the borehole through the inner cavity of the hollow anchor bolt to complete the grouting operation; after the grouting is completed, the second drive device drives the anchor bolt wrench to retract, and the second compensation device drives the anchor bolt beam to reset.

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