A carbon dioxide capture device suitable for use on a ship

Abstract

The application discloses a carbon dioxide capturing device suitable for a ship and relates to the technical field of capturing devices. The capturing device comprises a frame body, a reaction tower mechanism, a conveying mechanism, a liquid storage mechanism and a heat exchange mechanism. The reaction tower mechanism, the conveying mechanism, the liquid storage mechanism and the heat exchange mechanism are all fixedly connected with the frame body. The reaction tower mechanism and the conveying mechanism are communicated. The liquid storage mechanism and the reaction tower mechanism are communicated. The heat exchange mechanism and the reaction tower mechanism are communicated. The absorption tower assembly comprises an absorption tower body, a liquid distributor, a spraying nozzle, a vibrator and a rotary motor. The rotary motor is fixedly connected with the absorption tower body. The rotary motor is drivingly connected with the liquid distributor. The spraying nozzle is communicated with the liquid distributor. The vibrator is fixedly connected with the liquid distributor. The vibrator is abutted with the spraying nozzle. The horizontal section of the liquid distributor is a circle-like shape. The spraying nozzle is effectively prevented from being blocked. The effects of preventing flow deviation, strengthening gas-liquid mixing and preventing wall flow effect are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of capture device technology, specifically a carbon dioxide capture device suitable for ships. Background Technology

[0002] As the global shipping industry faces increasingly stringent requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set clear decarbonization targets and timelines for ship greenhouse gas emissions. Among numerous shipping emission reduction pathways, onboard carbon capture systems (OCCS), with their ability to directly capture and separate carbon dioxide from the exhaust gases after ship engine combustion, are considered one of the most promising and forward-looking technologies. Applying mature carbon capture technology to ocean-going vessels can not only effectively reduce the carbon footprint of the existing large fleet of high-carbon fuel ships, achieving a carbon closed loop, but also provide a highly economical transitional solution for the large-scale transformation of future green shipping, possessing extremely broad commercial application prospects and environmental strategic value.

[0003] Currently, most mainstream carbon dioxide capture devices employ chemical absorption, and the structural design of existing equipment is primarily based on the stable operating conditions of fixed land platforms. In conventional system construction, the absorber tower typically uses fixed spray plates or trough-type liquid distributors that rely on gravity for natural descent to spray the absorbent liquid. In the exhaust gas delivery pipeline system, traditional mechanical valves such as metal hard-seal butterfly valves or gate valves are often used to control the gas flow and for emergency shut-off. In the solvent circulation system, the buffer tank used to store corrosive absorbent liquids such as amine solutions is usually a completely hollow, conventional sealed container with a pump directly connected only at the bottom. These conventional structures can barely maintain system operation under static land conditions.

[0004] However, directly applying the aforementioned existing technologies to the environment of ocean-going vessels reveals numerous shortcomings. First, ships often experience severe heeling and rolling during rough seas. Traditional fixed liquid distribution equipment without forced drive is prone to causing the liquid inside the tower to shift due to gravity, creating "flow deviation" and "wall flow" dead zones, severely reducing the gas-liquid mixing contact rate. Furthermore, heavy oil and dust entrained in the exhaust gas can easily clog conventional nozzles. Second, the ship's main engine is extremely sensitive to exhaust back pressure. Once blockage and gas backflow occur inside the tower, traditional metal valves are prone to mechanical jamming and sealing failure when facing exhaust gases containing sulfur, high temperature, and high dust, making it impossible to achieve immediate flow interruption. This can easily lead to a major accident such as the main engine stalling and shutting down due to high back pressure. Finally, when conventional hollow liquid storage tanks experience severe swaying of the hull, the internal free liquid surface generates strong waves that tumble and splash. The fluid kinetic energy can easily cause fatigue tearing of the tank welds, and the air entrained by the waves can directly cause cavitation hazards in the extraction pump, seriously threatening the continuous and stable operation of the entire system. Therefore, those skilled in the art have provided a carbon dioxide capture device suitable for ships to solve the problems mentioned in the background above. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a carbon dioxide capture device suitable for ships, in order to solve the problem of insufficient reaction in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The collection device includes a frame, a reaction tower mechanism, a conveying mechanism, a liquid storage mechanism, and a heat exchange mechanism. The reaction tower mechanism, the conveying mechanism, the liquid storage mechanism, and the heat exchange mechanism are all fastened to the frame. The reaction tower mechanism and the conveying mechanism are connected, the liquid storage mechanism and the reaction tower mechanism are connected, and the heat exchange mechanism and the reaction tower mechanism are connected. The reaction tower assembly includes an absorption tower assembly and a separation tower assembly; The absorption tower assembly is connected to the conveying mechanism, the absorption tower assembly is connected to the liquid storage mechanism, the absorption tower assembly is connected to the heat exchange mechanism, the absorption tower assembly is connected to the heat exchange mechanism, and the heat exchange mechanism is connected to the separation tower assembly. By adopting the above technical solution, the exhaust gas enters the reaction tower through the conveying mechanism for carbon capture reaction. The absorbent required for the reaction is provided by the liquid storage mechanism, and the heat is recovered and utilized by the heat exchange mechanism. All core components are stably supported and fixed by the frame, realizing a compact layout of the device in the ship's space and a highly efficient and stable system operation effect.

[0007] Furthermore, the absorption tower assembly includes an absorption tower body, a liquid distributor, a spray nozzle, a vibrator, and a rotary motor. The rotary motor is fastened to the absorption tower body, the rotary motor is driven to the liquid distributor, the spray nozzle is connected to the liquid distributor, the vibrator is fastened to the liquid distributor, the vibrator and the spray nozzle abut against each other, and the horizontal cross-section of the liquid distributor is approximately circular.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the uniformity of liquid distribution under ship swaying environment is significantly improved. In the working process, the rotary motor inside the absorber tower starts and drives the liquid distributor to perform circular motion. At the same time, the vibrator starts and generates high-frequency mechanical vibration, which is transmitted to the liquid distributor. The absorbent liquid is finally sprayed out evenly through the spray nozzle connected to the liquid distributor. The design of the vibrator and the spray nozzle in contact with each other, combined with the horizontal cross section of the near-circular liquid distributor, effectively prevents the spray nozzle from clogging and uses dynamic centrifugal force and oscillation force to break the surface tension of the droplets, achieving excellent effects of preventing flow deviation and enhancing gas-liquid mixing, while effectively preventing the occurrence of wall flow effect.

[0009] Furthermore, the absorption tower assembly also includes a wire mesh demister, baffles, structured packing, a liquid collecting tray, random packing, and a liquid recollector, all of which are securely connected to the absorption tower body. By adopting the above technical solution, a multi-level physical structure for gas-liquid mass transfer and separation is constructed. When the exhaust gas passes through the absorption tower from bottom to top, it undergoes a full chemical absorption reaction with the liquid film attached to the surface of the random packing and the structured packing in sequence. The liquid collection plate and the liquid recollector are responsible for collecting and redistributing the liquid at different heights to prevent wall flow. After the rising exhaust gas passes through the baffle to change the airflow direction and slow down, it finally passes through the wire mesh demister to intercept and return the entrained tiny droplets. This achieves the combined effect of maximizing the contact area and reducing solvent loss.

[0010] Furthermore, the wire mesh demister is located at the upper end of the absorption tower, the baffle is located below the wire mesh demister, the structured packing is located below the baffle, the liquid collecting tray is located below the structured packing, the liquid recollector is located at the lower end of the absorption tower, and there are two liquid distributors: one liquid distributor is located between the baffle and the structured packing, and the other liquid distributor is located between the liquid collecting tray and the random packing. The baffle is corrugated, and both the liquid collecting tray and the liquid recollector are grid-like.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, a three-dimensional fluid channel conforming to the countercurrent contact principle was established. The gas rising from the bottom of the absorption tower and the liquid flowing down from the top converged sequentially at two liquid distributors located between the random packing and the liquid collection plate, and between the structured packing and the corrugated baffle. The grid-like liquid collection plate and the liquid recollector ensured the uniform penetration and convergence of the liquid between the multiple layers of packing. The wire mesh demister located at the top of the absorption tower guarded the last line of defense. The overall spatial layout effectively reduced the system pressure drop and achieved a surge-resistant effect that maintained high-efficiency mass transfer even when the ship was rolling violently.

[0012] Furthermore, the absorption tower body is provided with an absorption chamber, a decarbonized flue gas outlet, a rich liquid outlet, a lean liquid inlet, a cooling water inlet, a cooling water outlet, a spiral channel, and a discharge valve. The decarbonized flue gas outlet, the rich liquid outlet, and the lean liquid inlet are all connected to the absorption chamber. The decarbonized flue gas outlet is located at the upper end of the absorption chamber. The rich liquid outlet and the discharge valve are both located at the bottom end of the absorption chamber and are connected to the absorption chamber. The spiral channel surrounds the periphery of the absorption chamber. The cooling water inlet is connected to the spiral channel, and the cooling water outlet is connected to the spiral channel. The lean liquid inlet is connected to the liquid distributor.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the interaction and control of materials and heat inside and outside the system are realized. The fresh absorbent introduced into the lean liquid inlet reacts with the waste gas in the absorption chamber and then converges at the bottom and is discharged through the rich liquid outlet. The purified gas is discharged through the decarbonized flue gas outlet. In order to control the exothermic reaction, external cooling water enters the spiral channel surrounding the absorption chamber through the cooling water inlet for heat exchange and cooling, and then flows out through the cooling water outlet. The discharge valve at the bottom is used for cleaning residual liquid during equipment maintenance. This structure maintains the optimal temperature range for the absorption reaction, thereby improving the carbon dioxide absorption rate and extending the service life of the core equipment.

[0014] Furthermore, the separation tower assembly includes a separation tower body, a heating pipe, a heater, and an extraction valve. The heating pipe is fastened to the separation tower body, the heating pipe is electrically connected to the heater, and the extraction valve is connected to the separation tower body. Furthermore, the separation tower assembly includes a separation tower body, a heating pipe, a heater, and an extraction valve. The heating pipe is fastened to the separation tower body, the heating pipe is electrically connected to the heater, and the extraction valve is connected to the separation tower body. The separation tower body is equipped with a rich liquid inlet and a lean liquid outlet, both of which are connected to the heat exchange mechanism.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, efficient and low-consumption regeneration and desorption of rich liquid is achieved. During operation, the rich liquid enters the separation tower through the rich liquid inlet provided on the separation tower body. The liquid inside the separation tower body is heated and boiled through the heating tube electrically connected to the heater. The pure carbon dioxide gas released by breaking the chemical bonds is collected independently through the extraction valve. After desorption is completed, the lean liquid that has regained its absorption capacity is discharged through the lean liquid outlet provided on the separation tower body. This not only accelerates the separation rate but also achieves the purpose of purifying carbon dioxide gas.

[0016] Furthermore, the heat exchange mechanism includes a heat exchanger, a lean liquid outlet pipe, a lean liquid inlet pipe, a rich liquid outlet pipe, and a rich liquid inlet pipe, all of which are connected to the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is equipped with a rich liquid chamber and a lean liquid chamber. The rich liquid outlet pipe and the rich liquid inlet pipe are both connected to the rich liquid chamber, and the lean liquid outlet pipe and the lean liquid inlet pipe are both connected to the lean liquid chamber. The rich solution outlet pipe is connected to the rich solution outlet, the rich solution inlet pipe is connected to the rich solution inlet, the lean solution outlet pipe is connected to the lean solution outlet, and the lean solution inlet pipe is connected to the lean solution inlet.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the low-temperature rich liquid from the absorption tower enters the rich liquid chamber on the heat exchanger through the rich liquid inlet pipe, while the high-temperature lean liquid from the separation tower enters the lean liquid chamber on the heat exchanger through the lean liquid inlet pipe. The two fluids, hot and cold, undergo heat conduction through the partition inside the heat exchanger. The preheated rich liquid is discharged to the subsequent mechanism through the rich liquid outlet pipe, and the cooled lean liquid is discharged through the lean liquid outlet pipe for recycling. This reduces the heating energy consumption of the subsequent separation tower and the cooling energy consumption of the absorption tower, achieving an energy-saving thermodynamic coupling effect.

[0018] Furthermore, the conveying mechanism includes a centrifugal induced draft fan, a first exhaust gas inlet pipe, a second exhaust gas inlet pipe, and an opening and closing assembly. Both the first and second exhaust gas inlet pipes are connected to the centrifugal induced draft fan, and the opening and closing assembly is securely connected to the centrifugal induced draft fan.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, an adaptive gas distribution and safety blocking system with back pressure resistance was constructed. The exhaust gas generated by the ship's engine is diverted through the first exhaust gas intake pipe and the second exhaust gas intake pipe to reduce the local flow velocity pressure drop in the pipes. Then, the centrifugal induced draft fan connected to these two pipes provides kinetic energy and static pressure power to overcome the resistance inside the tower. When an abnormality occurs and causes blockage inside the system, the opening and closing component, which is tightly connected to the centrifugal induced draft fan, will immediately intervene to cut off the gas source, effectively preventing the main engine from shutting down due to gas blockage, and achieving the interlock protection effect to ensure the safety of the ship's power system.

[0020] Furthermore, the opening and closing assembly includes a flow rate sensor, a connecting pipe, an elastic element, an opening and closing magnetic block, and an opening and closing electromagnetic block. The flow rate sensor is fastened to the centrifugal induced draft fan, the flow rate sensor is electrically connected to the opening and closing electromagnetic block, the connecting pipe is fastened to the centrifugal induced draft fan, the opening and closing electromagnetic block is fastened to the connecting pipe, the opening and closing electromagnetic block and the opening and closing magnetic block are driven by magnetic pole repulsion, the opening and closing magnetic block is fastened to the elastic element, the elastic element and the opening and closing electromagnetic block are fastened to each other, and the opening and closing magnetic block has an isosceles trapezoidal cross section.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the flow rate sensor, which is fastened to the centrifugal induced draft fan, senses and monitors the physical quantity of airflow velocity in real time. When the flow rate drops abnormally, a signal is sent to the opening and closing electromagnetic block through an electrical connection to change its magnetic field state. Utilizing the physical thrust principle of magnetic pole repulsion transmission between the opening and closing electromagnetic block and the opening and closing magnetic block, the reverse tension generated by the elastic element is overcome, and the opening and closing magnetic block with an isosceles trapezoidal cross section is pushed to displace, thereby instantly squeezing or sealing the connecting pipe fastened to the centrifugal induced draft fan, achieving a sealing effect to prevent high-temperature dust from getting stuck in the exhaust gas.

[0022] Furthermore, the liquid storage mechanism includes an absorbent tank, an orifice plate, a float, and a pump. The float and the absorbent tank are slidably connected, and the pump is connected to the absorbent tank. The pump and the lean liquid inlet pipe are connected; The perforated plate is equipped with resistance holes, which are arranged in an array of large and small holes in a periodic pattern.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the surface of the highly corrosive absorbent liquid stored inside the absorbent tank is tightly covered by a slidingly connected float, which uses physical gravity to suppress the free liquid surface and prevent splashing. At the same time, the perforated plate fixed inside the tank uses an array of large and small periodically arranged resistance holes to cut and eddy currents and impede the flow of liquid that is swaying due to the hull's rocking, which greatly reduces the macroscopic kinetic energy of the gravity waves. Subsequently, the stable, bubble-free liquid is smoothly pumped out by the connected pump for system circulation. This not only protects the tank welds from fluid impact damage, but also ensures continuous and stable fluid delivery and extends the service life of the pump unit.

[0024] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are: a rotary motor drives the liquid distributor to perform circular motion, while a vibrator directly transmits high-frequency mechanical oscillations to the spray nozzles. This "rotational centrifugal force + high-frequency vibration" breaks the surface tension of the droplets, solving the problems of "deflection" and "wall flow" dead angles in the filler that are easily caused by the ship's roll and pitch. This not only effectively prevents the nozzles from being blocked by exhaust dust, but also maintains the gas-liquid mixing contact rate under turbulent sea conditions. The speed sensor detects the obstruction of wind force inside the tower and immediately triggers a sudden change in the magnetic field of the electromagnetic block. Utilizing the physical thrust of like poles repulsion, the tension of the elastic element is overcome, and the isosceles trapezoidal magnetic block is instantly pushed to undergo linear displacement to physically squeeze and seal the connecting pipe. Utilizing the principle of frictionless magnetic push rods, a pneumatic interception system is implemented to protect the main engine from high back pressure and stalling. This avoids the mechanical jamming and sealing failure issues that traditional metal valves are prone to when dealing with sulfur-containing, high-temperature, heavy oil, dust, and exhaust gases. The float acts like a cover plate, sliding up and down with the liquid level, using gravity to suppress the free liquid surface and prevent splashing. Simultaneously, when the bottom liquid sways with the hull, the array of resistance holes of varying sizes on the perforated plate generates intense physical cutting and eddy current dissipation. This composite physical flow-blocking design of "upper gravity suppression + lower eddy current energy dissipation" converts the destructive macroscopic kinetic energy of waves into microscopic internal energy on-site, protecting the tank welds from fatigue tearing and reducing the risk of pump cavitation. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reaction tower mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the absorption tower assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the spray nozzle structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral channel structure of the present invention; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the separation tower assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the conveying mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing component structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid storage mechanism of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange mechanism of the present invention.

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Reaction tower mechanism; 21. Absorption tower assembly; 211. Absorption tower body; 2111. Absorption chamber; 2112. Decarbonized flue gas outlet; 2113. Rich liquor outlet; 2114. Lean liquor inlet; 2115. Cooling water inlet; 2116. Cooling water outlet; 2117. Spiral channel; 2118. Discharge valve; 212. Liquid distributor; 213. Spray nozzle; 214. Vibrator; 215. Rotary motor; 216. Mesh demister; 217. Baffle; 218. Structured packing; 219. Liquid collection tray; 21010. Random packing; 21011. Liquid recollector; 22. Separation tower assembly; 221. Separation tower body; 2211. Rich liquor inlet... 1. Outlet; 2212. Lean liquid outlet; 222. Heating tube; 223. Heater; 224. Extraction valve; 3. Conveying mechanism; 31. Centrifugal induced draft fan; 32. First exhaust gas inlet pipe; 33. Second exhaust gas inlet pipe; 34. Opening and closing assembly; 341. Flow rate sensor; 342. Connecting pipe; 343. Elastic element; 344. Opening and closing magnetic block; 345. Opening and closing electromagnetic block; 4. Liquid storage mechanism; 41. Absorbent liquid tank; 42. Perforated plate; 421. Resistance hole; 43. Float; 44. Pump; 5. Heat exchange mechanism; 51. Heat exchanger; 511. Rich liquid chamber; 512. Lean liquid chamber; 52. Lean liquid outlet pipe; 53. Lean liquid inlet pipe; 54. Rich liquid outlet pipe; 55. Rich liquid inlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 10 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution for a carbon dioxide capture device suitable for ships: The collection device includes a frame 1, a reaction tower mechanism 2, a conveying mechanism 3, a liquid storage mechanism 4, and a heat exchange mechanism 5. The reaction tower mechanism 2, the conveying mechanism 3, the liquid storage mechanism 4, and the heat exchange mechanism 5 are all fastened to the frame 1. The reaction tower mechanism 2 is connected to the conveying mechanism 3, the liquid storage mechanism 4 is connected to the reaction tower mechanism 2, and the heat exchange mechanism 5 is connected to the reaction tower mechanism 2. The reaction tower assembly 2 includes an absorption tower assembly 21 and a separation tower assembly 22; The absorption tower assembly 21 is connected to the conveying mechanism 3, the absorption tower assembly 21 is connected to the liquid storage mechanism 4, the absorption tower assembly 21 is connected to the heat exchange mechanism 5, the absorption tower assembly 21 is connected to the heat exchange mechanism 5, and the heat exchange mechanism 5 is connected to the separation tower assembly 22. By adopting the above technical solution, the exhaust gas enters the reaction tower mechanism 2 through the conveying mechanism 3 for carbon capture reaction. The absorbent required for the reaction is provided by the liquid storage mechanism 4, and the heat is recovered and utilized by the heat exchange mechanism 5. All core components are stably supported and fixed by the frame 1, realizing a compact layout of the device in the ship space and a highly efficient and stable system operation effect.

[0029] Furthermore, the absorption tower assembly 21 includes an absorption tower body 211, a liquid distributor 212, a spray nozzle 213, a vibrator 214, and a rotary motor 215. The rotary motor 215 is fastened to the absorption tower body 211, the rotary motor 215 is drivenly connected to the liquid distributor 212, the spray nozzle 213 is connected to the liquid distributor 212, the vibrator 214 is fastened to the liquid distributor 212, the vibrator 214 and the spray nozzle 213 abut against each other, and the horizontal cross section of the liquid distributor 212 is approximately circular.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the uniformity of liquid distribution under ship swaying environment is significantly improved. In the working process, the rotary motor 215 inside the absorber tower 211 starts to drive the liquid distributor 212 to perform circular motion. At the same time, the vibrator 214 starts to generate high-frequency mechanical vibration and transmits it to the liquid distributor 212. The absorbent liquid is finally sprayed out evenly through the spray nozzle 213 connected to the liquid distributor 212. The design of the vibrator 214 and the spray nozzle 213 abutting each other, combined with the horizontal cross section of the near-circular liquid distributor 212, effectively prevents the spray nozzle 213 from clogging and uses dynamic centrifugal force and oscillation force to break the surface tension of the droplets, achieving excellent effects of preventing flow deviation and enhancing gas-liquid mixing, while effectively preventing the occurrence of wall flow effect.

[0031] Furthermore, the absorption tower assembly 21 also includes a wire mesh demister 216, a baffle 217, structured packing 218, a liquid collection tray 219, random packing 21010, and a liquid recollector 21011. The wire mesh demister 216, baffle 217, structured packing 218, liquid collection tray 219, random packing 21010, and liquid recollector 21011 are all securely connected to the absorption tower body 211. By adopting the above technical solution, a multi-level physical structure for gas-liquid mass transfer and separation is constructed. When the exhaust gas passes through the absorption tower 211 from bottom to top, it undergoes a full chemical absorption reaction with the liquid film attached to the surface of the random packing 21010 and the structured packing 218 in sequence. The liquid collection plate 219 and the liquid recollector 21011 are responsible for collecting and redistributing the liquid at different heights to prevent wall flow. After the rising exhaust gas passes through the baffle 217 to change the airflow direction and slow down, it finally passes through the wire mesh demister 216 to intercept and return the entrained tiny droplets, thus achieving the comprehensive effect of maximizing the contact area and reducing solvent loss.

[0032] Furthermore, the wire mesh demister 216 is located at the upper end of the absorption tower body 211, the baffle 217 is located below the wire mesh demister 216, the structured packing 218 is located below the baffle 217, the liquid collecting tray 219 is located below the structured packing 218, the liquid recollector 21011 is located at the lower end of the absorption tower body 211, and there are two liquid distributors 212. One liquid distributor 212 is located between the baffle 217 and the structured packing 218, and the other liquid distributor 212 is located between the liquid collecting tray 219 and the random packing 21010. The baffle 217 is wavy, and both the liquid collecting tray 219 and the liquid recollector 21011 are grid-like.

[0033] By adopting the above technical solution, a three-dimensional fluid channel conforming to the countercurrent contact principle is established. The gas rising from the lower end of the absorption tower 211 and the liquid flowing down from the top converge at two liquid distributors 212 located between the random packing 21010 and the liquid collection plate 219 and between the structured packing 218 and the corrugated baffle 217. The grid-like liquid collection plate 219 and the liquid recollector 21011 ensure uniform penetration and convergence of the liquid between the multi-layer packing. The wire mesh demister 216 located at the upper end of the absorption tower 211 guards the last line of defense. The overall spatial layout effectively reduces the system pressure drop and achieves a surge-resistant effect that maintains high-efficiency mass transfer even when the ship is rolling violently.

[0034] Furthermore, the absorption tower body 211 is provided with an absorption chamber 2111, a decarbonized flue gas outlet 2112, a rich liquid outlet 2113, a lean liquid inlet 2114, a cooling water inlet 2115, a cooling water outlet 2116, a spiral channel 2117, and a discharge valve 2118. The decarbonized flue gas outlet 2112, the rich liquid outlet 2113, and the lean liquid inlet 2114 are all connected to the absorption chamber 2111. The decarbonized flue gas outlet 2112 is located at the upper end of the absorption chamber 2111. The rich liquid outlet 2113 and the discharge valve 2118 are both located at the bottom end of the absorption chamber 2111 and are connected to the absorption chamber 2111. The spiral channel 2117 surrounds the periphery of the absorption chamber 2111. The cooling water inlet 2115 is connected to the spiral channel 2117, and the cooling water outlet 2116 is connected to the spiral channel 2117. The lean liquid inlet 2114 is connected to the liquid distributor 212.

[0035] By adopting the above technical solution, the interaction and control of materials and heat inside and outside the system are realized. The fresh absorbent introduced by the lean liquid inlet 2114 reacts with the waste gas in the absorption chamber 2111 and then converges to the bottom and is discharged through the rich liquid outlet 2113. The purified gas is discharged through the decarbonized flue gas outlet 2112. In order to control the exothermic reaction, external cooling water enters the spiral channel 2117 surrounding the absorption chamber 2111 through the cooling water inlet 2115 for heat exchange and cooling, and then flows out through the cooling water outlet 2116. The discharge valve 2118 at the bottom is used for cleaning residual liquid during equipment maintenance. This structure maintains the optimal temperature range of the absorption reaction, thereby improving the carbon dioxide absorption rate and extending the service life of the core equipment.

[0036] Furthermore, the separation tower assembly 22 includes a separation tower body 221, a heating pipe 222, a heater 223, and an extraction valve 224. The heating pipe 222 is fastened to the separation tower body 221, the heating pipe 222 is electrically connected to the heater 223, and the extraction valve 224 is connected to the separation tower body 221. Furthermore, the separation tower assembly 22 includes a separation tower body 221, a heating pipe 222, a heater 223, and an extraction valve 224. The heating pipe 222 is fastened to the separation tower body 221, the heating pipe 222 is electrically connected to the heater 223, and the extraction valve 224 is connected to the separation tower body 221. The separation tower body 221 is provided with a rich liquid inlet 2211 and a lean liquid outlet 2212. Both the rich liquid inlet 2211 and the lean liquid outlet 2212 are connected to the heat exchange mechanism 5.

[0037] By adopting the above technical solution, efficient and low-consumption regeneration and desorption of rich liquid is achieved. During operation, the rich liquid enters the tower through the rich liquid inlet 2211 provided on the separation tower body 221. The liquid inside the separation tower body 221 is heated and boiled through the heating tube 222 which is electrically connected to the heater 223. The pure carbon dioxide gas released by breaking the chemical bonds is collected independently through the extraction valve 224. After desorption is completed, the lean liquid that has regained its absorption capacity is discharged through the lean liquid outlet 2212 provided on the separation tower body 221. This not only accelerates the separation rate but also achieves the purpose of purifying carbon dioxide gas.

[0038] Furthermore, the heat exchange mechanism 5 includes a heat exchanger 51, a lean liquid outlet pipe 52, a lean liquid inlet pipe 53, a rich liquid outlet pipe 54, and a rich liquid inlet pipe 55, all of which are connected to the heat exchanger 51. The heat exchanger 51 is provided with a rich liquid chamber 511 and a lean liquid chamber 512. The rich liquid outlet pipe 54 and the rich liquid inlet pipe 55 are both connected to the rich liquid chamber 511, and the lean liquid outlet pipe 52 and the lean liquid inlet pipe 53 are both connected to the lean liquid chamber 512. The rich solution outlet pipe 54 is connected to the rich solution outlet 2113, the rich solution inlet pipe 55 is connected to the rich solution inlet 2211, the poor solution outlet pipe 52 is connected to the poor solution outlet 2212, and the poor solution inlet pipe 53 is connected to the poor solution inlet 2114.

[0039] By adopting the above technical solution, the low-temperature rich liquid from the absorption tower enters the rich liquid chamber 511 provided on the heat exchanger 51 through the rich liquid inlet pipe 55, while the high-temperature lean liquid from the separation tower enters the lean liquid chamber 512 provided on the heat exchanger 51 through the lean liquid inlet pipe 53. The two fluids, hot and cold, undergo heat conduction through the partition inside the heat exchanger 51. The preheated rich liquid is discharged to the subsequent mechanism through the rich liquid outlet pipe 54, and the cooled lean liquid is discharged for recycling through the lean liquid outlet pipe 52. This reduces the heating energy consumption of the subsequent separation tower and the cooling energy consumption of the absorption tower, achieving an energy-saving thermodynamic coupling effect.

[0040] Furthermore, the conveying mechanism 3 includes a centrifugal induced draft fan 31, a first exhaust gas inlet pipe 32, a second exhaust gas inlet pipe 33, and an opening and closing assembly 34. The first exhaust gas inlet pipe 32 and the second exhaust gas inlet pipe 33 are both connected to the centrifugal induced draft fan 31, and the opening and closing assembly 34 is fastened to the centrifugal induced draft fan 31.

[0041] By adopting the above technical solution, an adaptive gas distribution and safety blocking system with back pressure resistance was constructed. The exhaust gas generated by the ship engine is diverted through the first exhaust gas intake pipe 32 and the second exhaust gas intake pipe 33 to reduce the local flow velocity pressure drop in the pipes. Then, the centrifugal induced draft fan 31 connected to these two pipes provides kinetic energy and static pressure power to overcome the resistance inside the tower. When an abnormality occurs and causes blockage inside the system, the opening and closing component 34, which is fastened to the centrifugal induced draft fan 31, will immediately intervene to cut off the gas source, effectively preventing the main engine from shutting down due to gas blockage, and achieving the interlock protection effect to ensure the safety of the ship's power system.

[0042] Furthermore, the opening and closing assembly 34 includes a flow rate sensor 341, a connecting pipe 342, an elastic element 343, an opening and closing magnetic block 344, and an opening and closing electromagnetic block 345. The flow rate sensor 341 is fastened to the centrifugal fan 31, the flow rate sensor 341 is electrically connected to the opening and closing electromagnetic block 345, the connecting pipe 342 is fastened to the centrifugal fan 31, the opening and closing electromagnetic block 345 is fastened to the connecting pipe 342, the opening and closing electromagnetic block 345 and the opening and closing magnetic block 344 are driven by magnetic pole repulsion, the opening and closing magnetic block 344 is fastened to the elastic element 343, the elastic element 343 and the opening and closing electromagnetic block 345 are fastened to each other, and the opening and closing magnetic block 344 has an isosceles trapezoidal cross section.

[0043] By adopting the above technical solution, the flow rate sensor 341, which is fastened to the centrifugal induced draft fan 31, senses and monitors the physical quantity of airflow velocity in real time. When the flow rate drops abnormally, it sends a signal to the opening and closing electromagnetic block 345 through electrical connection to change its magnetic field state. Utilizing the physical thrust principle of magnetic pole repulsion transmission between the opening and closing electromagnetic block 345 and the opening and closing magnetic block 344, it overcomes the reverse tension generated by the elastic element 343 and pushes the opening and closing magnetic block 344, which has an isosceles trapezoidal cross section, to produce displacement. This instantly squeezes or seals the connecting pipe 342, which is fastened to the centrifugal induced draft fan 31, thus achieving a sealing effect to prevent high-temperature dust from getting stuck in the exhaust gas.

[0044] Furthermore, the liquid storage mechanism 4 includes an absorption tank 41, an open plate 42, a float 43, and a pump 44. The float 43 is slidably connected to the absorption tank 41, and the pump 44 is connected to the absorption tank 41. Pump 44 is connected to lean liquid inlet pipe 53; The perforated plate 42 is provided with resistance holes 421, which are arranged in an array of large and small holes in a periodic pattern.

[0045] By adopting the above technical solution, the surface of the highly corrosive absorbent liquid stored inside the absorbent tank 41 is tightly covered by the slidingly connected float 43, which uses physical gravity to suppress the free liquid surface and prevent splashing. At the same time, the perforated plate 42 fixed inside the tank uses the resistance holes 421 arranged in an array of large and small holes to cut and eddy currents to block the flow of the liquid that is swaying due to the hull rolling, which greatly reduces the macroscopic kinetic energy of the gravity waves. Subsequently, the stable and bubble-free liquid is smoothly pumped out by the connected pump 44 for system circulation. This not only protects the tank welds from fluid impact damage, but also achieves the effect of ensuring continuous and stable fluid delivery and extending the service life of the pump set.

[0046] Working principle of the invention: A rotary motor 215 drives the liquid distributor 212 in a circular motion, while a vibrator 214 directly transmits high-frequency mechanical oscillations to the spray nozzle 213. This "rotational centrifugal force + high-frequency vibration" breaks the surface tension of the droplets, solving the problems of "deflection" and "wall flow" dead angles in the filler that are easily caused by the ship's roll and pitch. It not only effectively prevents the nozzle from being blocked by exhaust dust, but also maintains the gas-liquid mixing contact rate under turbulent sea conditions. The speed sensor detects the obstruction of the wind force inside the tower and immediately triggers a sudden change in the magnetic field of the electromagnetic block. Using the physical thrust of like poles repulsion, it overcomes the tension of the elastic element 343 and instantly pushes the isosceles trapezoidal magnetic block to undergo linear displacement to physically squeeze and seal the connecting pipe 342. Utilizing the principle of frictionless magnetic push rods, a pneumatic interception system is implemented to protect the main engine from high back pressure and stalling. This avoids the mechanical jamming and sealing failure issues that traditional metal valves are prone to when dealing with sulfur-containing, high-temperature, heavy oil, dust, and exhaust gases. The float 43, like a cover plate, slides up and down with the liquid level, relying on gravity to suppress the free liquid surface and prevent splashing. At the same time, when the bottom liquid sways with the hull, the array of resistance holes 421, one large and one small, on the perforated plate 42 generates intense physical cutting and eddy current dissipation. The composite physical flow obstruction design of "upper gravity suppression + lower eddy current energy dissipation" converts the destructive macroscopic kinetic energy of waves into microscopic internal energy on-site, not only protecting the tank welds from fatigue tearing but also reducing the risk of pump cavitation.

[0047] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide capture device suitable for ships, characterized in that: The collection device includes a frame (1), a reaction tower mechanism (2), a conveying mechanism (3), a liquid storage mechanism (4), and a heat exchange mechanism (5). The reaction tower mechanism (2), the conveying mechanism (3), the liquid storage mechanism (4), and the heat exchange mechanism (5) are all connected to the frame (1). The reaction tower mechanism (2) is connected to the conveying mechanism (3), the liquid storage mechanism (4) is connected to the reaction tower mechanism (2), and the heat exchange mechanism (5) is connected to the reaction tower mechanism (2). The reaction tower assembly (2) includes an absorption tower assembly (21) and a separation tower assembly (22). The absorption tower assembly (21) is connected to the conveying mechanism (3), the absorption tower assembly (21) is connected to the liquid storage mechanism (4), the absorption tower assembly (21) is connected to the heat exchange mechanism (5), the absorption tower assembly (21) is connected to the heat exchange mechanism (5), and the heat exchange mechanism (5) is connected to the separation tower assembly (22). The absorption tower assembly (21) includes an absorption tower body (211), a liquid distributor (212), a spray nozzle (213), a vibrator (214), and a rotary motor (215). The rotary motor (215) is connected to the absorption tower body (211), the rotary motor (215) is drivenly connected to the liquid distributor (212), the spray nozzle (213) is connected to the liquid distributor (212), the vibrator (214) is connected to the liquid distributor (212), and the vibrator (214) abuts against the spray nozzle (213).

2. A carbon dioxide capture device suitable for ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The absorption tower assembly (21) further includes a wire mesh demister (216), a baffle plate (217), structured packing (218), a liquid collection tray (219), random packing (21010), and a liquid recollector (21011), all of which are connected to the absorption tower body (211). The wire mesh demister (216) is located at the upper end of the absorption tower body (211), the baffle (217) is located below the wire mesh demister (216), the structured packing (218) is located below the baffle (217), the liquid collection tray (219) is located below the structured packing (218), the liquid recollector (21011) is located at the lower end of the absorption tower body (211), and there are two liquid distributors (212). One liquid distributor (212) is located between the baffle (217) and the structured packing (218), and the other liquid distributor (212) is located between the liquid collection tray (219) and the random packing (21010). The baffle (217) is wavy.

3. A carbon dioxide capture device suitable for ships according to claim 2, characterized in that: The absorption tower body (211) is provided with an absorption chamber (2111), a decarbonized flue gas outlet (2112), a rich liquid outlet (2113), a lean liquid inlet (2114), a cooling water inlet (2115), a cooling water outlet (2116), a spiral channel (2117), and a discharge valve (2118). The decarbonized flue gas outlet (2112), the rich liquid outlet (2113), and the lean liquid inlet (2114) are all connected to the absorption chamber (2111). The decarbonized flue gas outlet (2112) is located at... At the upper end of the absorption chamber (2111), the rich liquid outlet (2113) and the discharge valve (2118) are both located at the bottom end of the absorption chamber (2111). The rich liquid outlet (2113) and the discharge valve (2118) are both connected to the absorption chamber (2111). The spiral channel (2117) surrounds the periphery of the absorption chamber (2111). The cooling water inlet (2115) is connected to the spiral channel (2117). The cooling water outlet (2116) is connected to the spiral channel (2117). The lean liquid inlet (2114) and the liquid distributor (212) are connected.

4. A carbon dioxide capture device suitable for ships according to claim 3, characterized in that: The separation tower assembly (22) includes a separation tower body (221), a heating pipe (222), a heater (223), and an extraction valve (224). The heating pipe (222) is connected to the separation tower body (221), the heating pipe (222) and the heater (223) are electrically connected, and the extraction valve (224) is connected to the separation tower body (221). The separation tower body (221) is provided with a rich liquid inlet (2211) and a lean liquid outlet (2212). Both the rich liquid inlet (2211) and the lean liquid outlet (2212) are connected to the heat exchange mechanism (5).

5. A carbon dioxide capture device suitable for ships according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat exchange mechanism (5) includes a heat exchanger (51), a lean liquid outlet pipe (52), a lean liquid inlet pipe (53), a rich liquid outlet pipe (54), and a rich liquid inlet pipe (55). The lean liquid outlet pipe (52), the lean liquid inlet pipe (53), the rich liquid outlet pipe (54), and the rich liquid inlet pipe (55) are all connected to the heat exchanger (51). The heat exchanger (51) is provided with a rich liquid chamber (511) and a lean liquid chamber (512). The rich liquid outlet pipe (54) and the rich liquid inlet pipe (55) are both connected to the rich liquid chamber (511), and the lean liquid outlet pipe (52) and the lean liquid inlet pipe (53) are both connected to the lean liquid chamber (512). The rich liquid outlet pipe (54) is connected to the rich liquid outlet (2113), the rich liquid inlet pipe (55) is connected to the rich liquid inlet (2211), the poor liquid outlet pipe (52) is connected to the poor liquid outlet (2212), and the poor liquid inlet pipe (53) is connected to the poor liquid inlet (2114).

6. A carbon dioxide capture device suitable for ships according to claim 5, characterized in that: The conveying mechanism (3) includes a centrifugal induced draft fan (31), a first exhaust gas inlet pipe (32), a second exhaust gas inlet pipe (33), and an opening and closing assembly (34). The first exhaust gas inlet pipe (32) and the second exhaust gas inlet pipe (33) are both connected to the centrifugal induced draft fan (31), and the opening and closing assembly (34) is connected to the centrifugal induced draft fan (31).

7. A carbon dioxide capture device suitable for ships according to claim 6, characterized in that: The opening and closing assembly (34) includes a flow rate sensor (341), a connecting pipe (342), an elastic element (343), an opening and closing magnetic block (344), and an opening and closing electromagnetic block (345). The flow rate sensor (341) is connected to the centrifugal induced draft fan (31), the flow rate sensor (341) is electrically connected to the opening and closing electromagnetic block (345), the connecting pipe (342) is connected to the centrifugal induced draft fan (31), the opening and closing electromagnetic block (345) is connected to the connecting pipe (342), the opening and closing electromagnetic block (345) and the opening and closing magnetic block (344) are driven by magnetic pole repulsion, the opening and closing magnetic block (344) is connected to the elastic element (343), and the elastic element (343) is connected to the opening and closing electromagnetic block (345).

8. A carbon dioxide capture device suitable for ships according to claim 7, characterized in that: The liquid storage mechanism (4) includes an absorption tank (41), an open plate (42), a float (43) and a pump (44). The float (43) and the absorption tank (41) are slidably connected. The pump (44) and the absorption tank (41) are connected in communication. The pump (44) and the lean liquid inlet pipe (53) are connected; The perforated plate (42) is provided with resistance holes (421), which are arranged in an array of large and small holes in a periodic pattern.

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