Coal hydrogen co-firing cyclone burner and gas control method
By designing a coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner and gas control methods, the problems of uneven mixing of hydrogen fuel and high NOx emissions in coal-fired power plant boilers were solved, achieving stable combustion and low pollution emissions.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GD POWER DEVELOPMENT CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
Smart Images
Figure CN122107385A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-carbon coal combustion technology, and in particular to a coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner and a gas control method. Background Technology
[0002] Related technologies indicate that coal-fired power plant boilers are one of the main sources of CO2 emissions in my country. Carbon emission reduction technologies for coal-fired power plant boilers have received significant attention. Hydrogen (H2), as a clean and efficient zero-carbon fuel, is being used in co-combustion with pulverized coal (coal-hydrogen co-combustion), which is a crucial pathway to achieving the low-carbon transformation of coal-fired power units and has significant application prospects.
[0003] However, the engineering application of coal-hydrogen co-combustion technology faces specific technical challenges. First, hydrogen's laminar combustion rate is much higher than that of conventional gaseous fuels (such as CH4 and syngas) and volatile matter from pulverized coal, and it has a low ignition temperature and strong flame stability. While this is beneficial for ignition, it can also lead to excessively intense combustion, with the flame front close to the burner, increasing the risk of burner overheating and backfire, and potentially exacerbating the formation of thermal nitrogen oxides (NOx) due to increased localized high-temperature zones. Second, hydrogen combustion releases a large amount of heat and has a rapid flame propagation speed. Achieving efficient and controllable blending of hydrogen with pulverized coal and air to balance combustion intensity, ensure flame stability, and effectively suppress NOx emissions is a key technical challenge.
[0004] Meanwhile, with the continuous expansion of the proportion of fluctuating renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics in the power system, the requirements for the power system's regulation capabilities are increasing. Coal-fired power, as a fundamental regulating energy source, bears the critical responsibility of ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid and flexible peak shaving. Therefore, developing low-carbon, low-NOx coal-hydrogen co-fired swirl combustion technology that can adapt to flexible operation under wide loads without requiring major modifications to existing boilers is urgently needed and of significant practical importance.
[0005] Currently, coal-hydrogen co-combustion technology suitable for power plant boilers, especially coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner technology that can balance efficient and stable combustion, wide load regulation, and ultra-low NOx emissions, is still in the research stage. Existing technologies have not yet fully solved key issues such as efficient blending of hydrogen fuel, combustion intensity control, and NOx emission optimization during co-combustion. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes a coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner, which can achieve efficient mixing of pulverized coal and fuels such as hydrogen during the combustion process, avoid excessively violent combustion, reduce nozzle overheating caused by excessive proximity of the flame front, and improve combustion stability.
[0007] The present invention also proposes a gas control method.
[0008] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner includes: a primary air channel, a first secondary air channel, and a second secondary air channel, the primary air channel, the first secondary air channel, and the second secondary air channel being arranged coaxially; a distributor having a main channel and a first hole communicating with the main channel, the main channel being arranged coaxially with the first secondary air channel, the distributor further having a distribution element and a branch channel, a second hole being formed on the distribution element, one end of the branch channel communicating with the main channel, and the other end of the branch channel communicating with the second hole, wherein the second hole includes a plurality of second holes, the plurality of second holes being arranged circumferentially on the distribution element, the plurality of second holes extending obliquely toward the central axis of the main channel in the airflow direction, and the central axes of the plurality of second holes intersecting at a point located on the central axis of the main channel.
[0009] The coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner of the present invention achieves efficient mixing of pulverized coal and fuels such as hydrogen during the combustion process by setting up a distributor and multiple air supply channels. The combustion is controllable, avoiding excessively violent combustion, reducing nozzle overheating caused by excessive proximity of the flame front, improving combustion stability, and reducing NOx emissions.
[0010] In some embodiments, the distributor includes a main pipe and branch pipes, the main channel being formed within the main pipe, the branch channel being formed within the branch pipe, the branch pipe connecting the main pipe and the equalizing component, the equalizing component having an equalizing channel extending circumferentially along the equalizing component, a plurality of second holes communicating with the equalizing channel, one end of the branch channel communicating with the equalizing channel, and the other end of the branch channel communicating with the main pipe.
[0011] In some embodiments, the branch pipes include a plurality of branch pipes arranged circumferentially on the main pipe, and the first holes include a plurality of first holes, each of which is formed on one end face of the main pipe facing the equalizer, each of which extends obliquely in the airflow direction away from the central axis of the main channel, and the central axes of the plurality of first holes intersect the central axis of the main channel.
[0012] In some embodiments, in the radial direction of the main pipe, the diameter of the first hole closer to the central axis of the main pipe is greater than the diameter of the first hole farther from the central axis of the main pipe, and / or, the angle between the central axis of the outer first hole and the central axis of the main pipe is greater than the angle between the central axis of the inner first hole and the central axis of the main pipe.
[0013] In some embodiments, the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner further includes: a first cylinder, a second cylinder, and a third cylinder, wherein the first cylinder is sleeved on the outside of the second cylinder, the second cylinder is sleeved on the outside of the third cylinder, a first secondary air passage is defined between the first cylinder and the second cylinder, and a second secondary air passage is defined between the second cylinder and the third cylinder.
[0014] In some embodiments, the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner further includes: a first adjusting member, a second adjusting member, and a third adjusting member, wherein the first adjusting member is disposed in the first secondary air duct, the second adjusting member is disposed in the second secondary air duct, and the third adjusting member is disposed in the main pipe; The fourth cylinder is sleeved between the third cylinder and the main pipe. The primary air passage is formed in the first cylinder. The fourth cylinder is provided with a fourth adjusting member at one end facing the equalizing member. The fourth adjusting member is used to adjust the deflection of the primary airflow. A first flow sensor and a second flow sensor are used. The first flow sensor is located at the air inlet of the main channel and is used to measure the total gas flow. The second flow sensor is located between the third regulating member and the first hole and is used to measure the gas flow to the first hole.
[0015] In some embodiments, the angle A between the central axis of the second hole and the central axis of the main channel satisfies: 15°≤A≤75°.
[0016] According to the gas control method of the second aspect of the present invention, applied to a coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner according to the first aspect of the present invention, the gas control method includes: Step S1: Preset the total flow area of the second hole and the total flow area of the first hole, and set the minimum gas flow rate; Step S2: Obtain the total gas flow rate and the gas flow rate at the first orifice of the coal-hydrogen co-firing cyclone burner; Step S3: Calculate the gas flow rate at the second orifice of the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner; Step S4: Calculate the gas flow velocity at the second orifice and the gas flow velocity at the first orifice; Step S5: Compare the gas flow rate at the second orifice with the minimum gas flow rate, and the gas flow rate at the first orifice with the minimum gas flow rate. If the gas flow rate at the first orifice is greater than or equal to the minimum gas flow rate and the gas flow rate at the second orifice is less than the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S6. If the gas flow velocity at the first orifice is less than the minimum gas flow velocity, then proceed to step S7. If the gas flow rate at the first orifice and the gas flow rate at the second orifice are both greater than or equal to the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S2. Step S6: Increase the gas flow rate at the second orifice and decrease the gas flow rate at the first orifice. If the increased gas flow rate at the second orifice and the decreased gas flow rate at the first orifice are both greater than or equal to the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S2. Step S7: Increase the gas flow rate at the first hole. If the increased gas flow rate at the first hole is greater than or equal to the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S2.
[0017] In some embodiments, step S6 includes: Step S6.1: Increase the gas flow rate at the second orifice and decrease the gas flow rate at the first orifice. If the increased gas flow rate at the second orifice is less than the minimum gas flow rate and the decreased gas flow rate at the first orifice is greater than the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S6.2. Step S6.2: Increase the gas supply. If the gas supply reaches the maximum supply, proceed to step S6.3. Step S6.3: Close the second hole.
[0018] In some embodiments, step S7 includes: Step S7.1: Increase the gas flow rate at the first orifice. If the increased gas flow rate at the first orifice is less than the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S7.2. Step S7.2: Increase the gas supply. If, when the gas supply reaches the maximum supply, the gas velocity at the second orifice is less than the minimum gas velocity, and the gas velocity at the first orifice is greater than the minimum gas velocity, then proceed to step S7.3. If, when the gas supply reaches its maximum, the gas velocity at the second orifice is less than the minimum gas velocity, and the gas velocity at the first orifice is also less than the minimum gas velocity, then proceed to step S7.4. If the gas supply reaches the maximum supply and the gas flow rate at the second orifice is greater than the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S7.5. Step S7.3: Close the second hole; Step S7.4: Close the first and second holes; Step S7.5: Reduce the gas flow rate at the second orifice. If the gas flow rate at the first orifice is less than the minimum gas flow rate, then close the second orifice.
[0019] According to the gas control method of the present invention, by real-time monitoring of the total flow rate of the main channel and the flow rate of the first branch, the gas flow rate of the second hole and the first hole is dynamically calculated and adjusted to ensure that the gas flow rate at the second hole and the gas flow rate at the first hole are not lower than the preset minimum gas flow rate, thereby effectively maintaining stable combustion and preventing nozzle overheating caused by excessive proximity of the flame front.
[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of another angle of the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner shown; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-section at point AA of the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner shown in the image; Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the dispenser shown; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the evenly divided component shown; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the cross-section at BB of the evenly divided component shown; Figure 7 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the main pipeline shown; Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the cross-section at CC of the main pipeline shown; Figure 9 yes Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the main pipe from another angle; Figure 10 This is a flowchart of a gas control method according to a second aspect embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A schematic diagram of step S6 shown; Figure 12 yes Figure 10 A schematic diagram of step S7 is shown.
[0022] Figure label: 100. Coal-hydrogen co-firing cyclone burner; 1. Primary air duct; 2. First and second secondary air ducts; 3. Second and second secondary air ducts; 4. Distributor; 41. Divider component; 411. Second hole; 412. Divider channel; 42. Main pipe; 421. Main channel; 422. First opening; 43. Branch pipe; 431. Branch passage; 101. First cylinder; 102. Second cylinder; 103. Third cylinder; 104. Fourth cylinder; 105. First adjusting component; 106. Second adjusting component; 107. Third adjusting component; 108. Fourth adjusting component. Detailed Implementation
[0023] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
[0024] The following is for reference. Figures 1-9 A coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner 100 according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention is described.
[0025] like Figures 1-9 As shown, the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention includes: a primary air channel 1, a first secondary air channel 2, a second secondary air channel 3, and a distributor 4.
[0026] Specifically, the primary air duct 1, the first secondary air duct 2, and the second secondary air duct 3 are arranged coaxially. The distributor 4 has a main channel 421 and a first hole 422 communicating with the main channel 421. The main channel 421 is arranged coaxially with the first secondary air duct 2. The distributor 4 also has a distribution member 41 and a branch channel 431. A second hole 411 is formed on the distribution member 41. One end of the branch channel 431 is connected to the main channel 421, and the other end of the branch channel 431 is connected to the second hole 411. The second hole 411 includes multiple holes, which are arranged circumferentially on the distribution member 41. The multiple holes 411 extend obliquely toward the central axis of the main channel 421 in the airflow direction. The central axes of the multiple holes 411 intersect at a point and are located on the central axis of the main channel 421.
[0027] Understandably, by arranging the primary air duct 1, the first and second secondary air ducts 2 and the second and second secondary air ducts 3 coaxially, staged air supply is achieved, which is conducive to constructing a reasonable combustion zone and reducing the generation of thermal NOx. The coaxial structure simplifies the overall layout of the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner 100 and facilitates assembly and maintenance.
[0028] The distributor 4 helps regulate the airflow velocity and flow rate within the main channel 421, promoting the pre-mixing and uniform distribution of hydrogen and primary air (or air) before entering the combustion zone. This effectively suppresses the formation of excessively high local hydrogen concentration gradients, resulting in a more uniform and controllable combustion reaction. It avoids concentrated heat release and flame front instability caused by excessively rapid reactions at local mixing interfaces, enhancing the adaptability of the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner 100 to different fuel ratios. Furthermore, the main channel 421 is coaxially arranged with the first and secondary air channels 2, avoiding airflow disturbances or uneven mixing caused by eccentric flow, thus improving flame symmetry and stability. The equalizing component 41 has an annular structure, used to uniformly spray the airflow within the main channel 421, thereby achieving uniform circumferential distribution of the airflow and preventing excessively high local concentrations.
[0029] The inclined and converging design of the second orifice forms a direct jet array focused on a single point on the central axis of the burner. Its main mechanisms of action are: 1) Penetration and mixing: The high-speed converging airflow deeply penetrates the primary air, achieving rapid macroscopic mixing of fuel and oxidant; 2) Focusing and activation: A high turbulence intensity zone is formed near the converging point, increasing the local chemical reaction rate and promoting ignition; 3) Uniform distribution and temperature control: The strong mixing effect makes the combustion heat release more uniform in space, which helps to reduce the peak flame temperature and thus suppress NOx formation.
[0030] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner 100 achieves efficient mixing of pulverized coal and fuels such as hydrogen during the combustion process by setting a distributor 4 and multiple air supply channels. The combustion is controllable, avoiding excessively intense combustion, reducing nozzle overheating caused by excessive proximity of the flame front, improving combustion stability, and reducing NOx emissions.
[0031] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the distributor 4 includes a main pipe 42 and a branch pipe 43. A main channel 421 is formed within the main pipe 42, and a branch channel 431 is formed within the branch pipe 43. The branch pipe 43 connects the main pipe 42 and the equalizing component 41. An equalizing channel 412 extending circumferentially along the equalizing component 41 is formed within the equalizing component 41. Multiple second holes 411 are connected to the equalizing channel 412. One end of the branch channel 431 is connected to the equalizing channel 412, and the other end of the branch channel 431 is connected to the main pipe 421. It can be understood that by guiding the airflow in the main channel 421 to the annular equalizing channel 412 through the branch pipe 43, and then achieving focused, swirling injection through the circumferentially arranged and inclined second holes 411 towards the central axis, the mixing uniformity and controllability of multi-component fuels (such as pulverized coal and hydrogen) in the combustion chamber inlet region are improved, effectively suppressing the formation of local fuel-rich / hydrogen-rich regions.
[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, multiple branch pipes 43 are arranged circumferentially around the main pipe 42. Multiple first holes 422 are also included, each formed on the end face of the main pipe 42 facing the equalizer 41. Each first hole 422 extends obliquely away from the central axis of the main channel 421 in the airflow direction, and the central axes of the multiple first holes 422 intersect the central axis of the main channel 421. It can be understood that by arranging multiple branch pipes 43 circumferentially around the main pipe 42 and providing multiple outwardly obliquely extending first holes 422 on the end face of the main pipe 42 facing the equalizer 41, a composite airflow combining inward focusing mixing and outward turbulence is formed. Specifically, the cooperation of the second holes 411 and the first holes 422 enhances the spatial distribution flexibility of the gas in the combustion zone, strengthens turbulent mixing, and delays the formation of the central high-temperature zone, thereby effectively suppressing NOx formation while ensuring stable combustion.
[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the radial direction of the main pipe 42, the diameter of the first hole 422 near the central axis of the main pipe 42 is larger than the diameter of the first hole 422 far from the central axis of the main pipe 42, and / or, the angle between the central axis of the outer first hole 422 and the central axis of the main pipe 42 is larger than the angle between the central axis of the inner first hole 422 and the central axis of the main pipe 42. It can be understood that: 1. Inner airflow (large aperture, small inclination angle): Its main function is to utilize higher momentum and a more concentrated direction to axially penetrate the core area of the primary air-coal powder airflow, achieving enhanced central mixing of hydrogen in the early stages of combustion, providing highly reactive reactants for rapid ignition. 2. Outer airflow (small aperture, large inclination angle): Its main function is to form peripheral jets with a significant radial component. These jets cut in laterally and interact with the outwardly diffusing coal powder airflow, effectively promoting secondary diffusion and mixing of hydrogen with coal powder and air in the outer region of the burner. Simultaneously, the radial velocity resulting from the large inclination angle helps control the lateral expansion of the flame.
[0034] Synergistic effect: The coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner in this embodiment of the invention constructs a staged mixing flow field that combines "center-penetrating mixing" and "peripheral diffusion mixing". By increasing the spatial coverage of hydrogen and the multi-scale contact opportunities with pulverized coal, it optimizes the overall mixing uniformity, creating key conditions for forming a stable, efficient and low-pollution coal-hydrogen co-firing flame.
[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figures 1-3As shown, the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner 100 further includes: a first cylinder 101, a second cylinder 102, and a third cylinder 103. The first cylinder 101 is fitted outside the second cylinder 102, and the second cylinder 102 is fitted outside the third cylinder 103. A first secondary air passage 2 is defined between the first cylinder 101 and the second cylinder 102, and a second secondary air passage 3 is defined between the second cylinder 102 and the third cylinder 103. This achieves radial spatial separation and independent control of air, and also realizes a gradient distribution of swirl intensity, optimizing combustion zones and suppressing pollutant generation.
[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 3 As shown, the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner 100 also includes: a first regulating element 105, a second regulating element 106, and a third regulating element 107. The first regulating element 105 is located in the first secondary air channel 2, the second regulating element 106 is located in the second secondary air channel 3, and the third regulating element 107 is located in the main pipeline 42. This enables precise control of the total amount of hydrogen co-firing, adapts to the fuel ratio requirements under different loads, improves operational safety and economy, and prevents local high temperature or backfire.
[0037] Furthermore, the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner 100 also includes a fourth cylinder 104, which is fitted between the third cylinder 103 and the main pipe 42. A primary air channel 1 is formed within the fourth cylinder 104. A fourth regulating element 108 is provided at one end of the fourth cylinder 104 facing the equalizing element 41. The fourth regulating element 108 is used to adjust the deflection of the primary air flow, thereby clearly separating the primary air and hydrogen flow, avoiding premature mixing at the inlet section that could cause safety hazards, reducing air leakage or cross-interference, and promoting staged combustion. The core function of the fourth regulating element 108 is to guide and regulate the primary air-coal powder flow, causing it to converge towards the central axis of the burner, forming a core area with a relatively high coal powder concentration at the burner outlet. This not only enables efficient spatial coupling and mixing with the hydrogen jet ejected from the second hole 411 and converging towards the center, but also creates favorable conditions for establishing a stable ignition zone, ultimately promoting the smooth implementation of staged combustion.
[0038] Furthermore, the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner 100 also includes a first flow sensor and a second flow sensor. The first flow sensor is located at the air inlet end of the main channel 421 and is used to measure the total gas flow. The second flow sensor is located between the third regulating element 107 and the first hole 422 and is used to measure the gas flow to the first hole 422. Thus, by using the first flow sensor and the second flow sensor, the total gas flow and the gas flow at the first hole 422 can be accurately obtained. At the same time, the gas flow at the second hole 411 can be accurately inferred, thereby accurately determining whether the gas flow in the entire path is balanced, and achieving stable and ultra-low NOx emission low-carbon combustion.
[0039] Optionally, the first regulating element 105 is a swirl vane, the second regulating element 106 is a swirl vane, the third regulating element 107 is a flow regulating ring, and the fourth regulating element 108 is an airflow deflection regulating element.
[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, the angle A between the central axis of the second orifice 411 and the central axis of the main channel 421 satisfies: 15° ≤ A ≤ 75°. It is understood that if the angle is too small (i.e., less than 15°), the airflow is ejected almost parallel to the central axis, lacking centripetal converging ability; if the angle is too large (i.e., greater than 75°), the airflow is ejected almost laterally, with insufficient axial penetration momentum, making it difficult to effectively penetrate and disturb the core area of the primary air-coal powder airflow. Therefore, setting the angle between the central axis of the second orifice 411 and the central axis of the main channel 421 to be between 15° and 75° allows the flow field to exert a strong penetration and shearing effect on the primary air to enhance mixing, and also to form a stable flow structure in the central region of the burner outlet, creating conditions for establishing a highly active ignition zone, thereby contributing to the efficient, stable, and low-pollutant emission of coal-hydrogen co-combustion.
[0041] For example, the angle A between the central axis of the second hole 411 and the central axis of the main channel 421 can be any angle between 15° and 75°, such as 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, etc.
[0042] The gas control method according to a second aspect of the present invention is applied to the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention, such as... Figures 10-12 As shown, the gas control method includes: Step S1: Preset the total flow area of the second hole 411 and the total flow area of the first hole 422, and set the minimum gas flow rate; Step S2: Obtain the total gas flow rate and the gas flow rate at the first orifice 422 of the coal-hydrogen co-firing cyclone burner 100; Step S3: Calculate the gas flow rate at the second orifice 411 of the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner 100; Step S4: Calculate the gas flow velocity at the second hole 411 and the gas flow velocity at the first hole 422; Step S5: Compare the gas flow rate at the second orifice 411 with the minimum gas flow rate and the gas flow rate at the first orifice 422 with the minimum gas flow rate. If the gas flow rate at the first orifice 422 is greater than or equal to the minimum gas flow rate and the gas flow rate at the second orifice 411 is less than the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S6. If the gas flow velocity at the first orifice 422 is less than the minimum gas flow velocity, then proceed to step S7. If the gas flow rate at the first orifice 422 and the gas flow rate at the second orifice 411 are both greater than or equal to the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S2. Step S6: Increase the gas flow rate at the second hole 411 and decrease the gas flow rate at the first hole 422. If the increased gas flow rate at the second hole 411 and the decreased gas flow rate at the first hole 422 are both greater than or equal to the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S2. Step S7: Increase the gas flow rate at the first hole 422. If the increased gas flow rate at the first hole 422 is greater than or equal to the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S2.
[0043] Further, step S6 includes: Step S6.1: Increase the gas flow rate at the second hole 411 and decrease the gas flow rate at the first hole 422. If the increased gas flow rate at the second hole 411 is less than the minimum gas flow rate and the decreased gas flow rate at the first hole 422 is greater than the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S6.2. Step S6.2: Increase the gas supply. If the gas supply reaches the maximum supply and the gas flow rate at the second hole 411 is less than the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S6.3. Step S6.3: Close the second hole 411.
[0044] Further, step S7 includes: Step S7.1: Increase the gas flow rate at the first hole 422. If the increased gas flow rate at the first hole 422 is less than the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S7.2. Step S7.2: Increase the gas supply. If, when the gas supply reaches the maximum supply, the gas velocity at the second orifice 411 is less than the minimum gas velocity, and the gas velocity at the first orifice 422 is greater than the minimum gas velocity, then proceed to step S7.3. If, when the gas supply reaches its maximum, the gas flow rate at the second orifice 411 is less than the minimum gas flow rate, and the gas flow rate at the first orifice 422 is also less than the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S7.4. If the gas supply reaches the maximum supply and the gas flow rate at the second hole 411 is greater than the minimum gas flow rate, then step S7.5 is executed. Step S7.3: Close the second hole 411; Step S7.4: Close the first hole 422 and the second hole 411; Step S7.5: Reduce the gas flow rate at the second hole 411. If the gas flow rate at the first hole 422 is less than the minimum gas flow rate, then close the second hole 411.
[0045] According to the gas control method of the present invention, by real-time monitoring of the total flow rate of the main channel 421 and the branch flow rate of the first hole 422, the gas flow rate of the second hole 411 and the first hole 422 is dynamically calculated and adjusted to ensure that the gas flow rate at the second hole 411 and the gas flow rate at the first hole 422 are not lower than the preset minimum gas flow rate, thereby effectively maintaining stable combustion.
[0046] The following will refer to Figures 10-12 A gas control method according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is described.
[0047] Reference Figures 10-12 Step S1: Preset the total flow area of the second hole 411 and the total flow area of the first hole 422, and set the minimum gas flow rate. Establish the correspondence curve between the unit load command and the flow rate setting value. Based on the hydrogen jet dynamics and the requirements for maintaining the flame stability in the design position, the minimum gas flow rate is preferably set to 80 m / s.
[0048] Step S2: Obtain the total gas flow rate and the gas flow rate at the first orifice 422 of the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner 100.
[0049] Step S3: Calculate the gas flow rate at the second orifice 411 of the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner 100. The gas flow rate at the second orifice 411 is the difference between the total gas flow rate and the gas flow rate at the first orifice 422.
[0050] Step S4: Calculate the gas flow velocity at the second hole 411 and the gas flow velocity at the first hole 422. The gas flow velocity at the second hole 411 is the ratio of the gas flow rate at the second hole 411 to the total flow area of the second hole 411. The gas flow velocity at the first hole 422 is the ratio of the gas flow rate at the first hole 422 to the total flow area of the first hole 422.
[0051] Step S5: Compare the gas flow rate at the second orifice 411 with the minimum gas flow rate and the gas flow rate at the first orifice 422 with the minimum gas flow rate. If the gas flow rate at the first orifice 422 is greater than or equal to the minimum gas flow rate and the gas flow rate at the second orifice 411 is less than the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S6. If the gas flow velocity at the first orifice 422 is less than the minimum gas flow velocity, then proceed to step S7. If the gas flow rate at the first orifice 422 and the gas flow rate at the second orifice 411 are both greater than or equal to the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S2.
[0052] For example, operating condition 1: stable operation (i.e., the gas flow velocity at the first hole 422 and the gas flow velocity at the second hole 411 are both greater than or equal to the minimum gas flow velocity). Control objective: To respond to load and optimize combustion within a stable range.
[0053] Action executed: The system is in a fully stable range. The controller calculates the total gas flow rate based on the current load command, and can adjust the distribution ratio of the gas flow rate at the second orifice 411 to the gas flow rate at the first orifice 422 within the stable boundary by adjusting the third regulating element 107, so as to optimize the blending effect or adapt to changes in coal quality.
[0054] Condition 2: Insufficient outer layer flow velocity (i.e., if the gas flow velocity at the first hole 422 is greater than or equal to the minimum gas flow velocity and the gas flow velocity at the second hole 411 is less than the minimum gas flow velocity) Control objective: To restore the stability of the jet at the second hole 411 without compromising the stability at the first hole 422.
[0055] Perform the following actions: 1. The controller instructs the third regulating component 107 to adjust in the direction of reducing the gas flow rate at the first orifice 422 and increasing the gas flow rate at the second orifice 411, thereby increasing the gas flow rate at the second orifice 411 to above the safe value.
[0056] 2. During the adjustment process, continuously monitor the gas flow rate at the first orifice 422. If the gas flow rate at the first orifice 422 is greater than or equal to the minimum gas flow rate after adjustment, and the gas flow rate at the second orifice 411 is also greater than the minimum gas flow rate, then the adjustment is successful.
[0057] 3. If the third regulating element 107 is activated to make the gas flow rate at the first orifice 422 equal to the critical point of the minimum gas flow rate, and the gas flow rate at the second orifice 411 is greater than the minimum gas flow rate, then the controller outputs a command requesting an increase in the total gas flow rate.
[0058] 4. If the gas supply capacity of the system has reached its limit and it is impossible to simultaneously meet the gas flow requirements at the second hole 411 and the first hole 422 by increasing the total gas flow, the controller executes the protective cut-off logic: driving the third regulating element 107 to continue operating until the gas to the second hole 411 is completely cut off, the system switches to a stable operating mode in which only the jet from the first hole 422 maintains the single-layer flame, and issues a gas supply interruption alarm for the second hole 411.
[0059] Operating Condition 3: Insufficient inner layer flow velocity (i.e., the gas flow velocity at the first hole 422 is less than the minimum gas flow velocity) Control objective: Prioritize restoring jet stability at the first hole 422 (ensuring basic combustion).
[0060] Perform the following actions: 1. The controller immediately ignores the state of the second hole 411 and forcibly drives the third adjustment component 107 to move in the direction of maximizing the opening of the first hole 422 and closing the second hole 411, so as to preferentially distribute all available gas to the first hole 422.
[0061] 2. The instruction maximizes the total gas flow rate.
[0062] 3. If the flow rate at the first orifice 422 recovers to a level greater than or equal to the minimum gas flow rate, the system will lock into a stable operating mode that supplies gas only to the first orifice 422 and will continue to alarm. If the third regulating element 107 has reached the fully open limit of the first orifice 422 and the total gas flow rate has reached the upper limit of the system, and the gas flow rate at the first orifice 422 is still less than the minimum gas flow rate, it will be determined that the system can no longer maintain stable combustion.
[0063] 4. Warning: When the gas flow velocity at the first orifice 422 or the gas flow velocity at the second orifice 411 is less than the minimum gas flow velocity (i.e., 85 m / s), a warning signal is issued to indicate that the gas is approaching the stability limit. Alarm and automatic control: When entering operating condition two or three, an audible and visual alarm is triggered, and the above-mentioned graded control process is automatically executed; Emergency shutdown and mode switching: When the control of operating condition 3 fails (i.e., the gas flow rate at the first orifice 422 cannot be restored to the minimum gas flow rate of 85m / s), or when a rapid drop in flow rate and uncontrollability are detected under any operating condition, the controller immediately outputs a signal to urgently cut off the hydrogen intake, causing the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner 100 to switch to pure coal combustion or other backup modes, and starts the safety purging procedure.
[0064] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.
[0065] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0066] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0067] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.
[0068] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner (100), characterized in that, include: A primary air duct (1), a first secondary air duct (2), and a second secondary air duct (3) are arranged coaxially. A distributor (4) has a main channel (421) and a first hole (422) communicating with the main channel (421). The main channel (421) is coaxially arranged with the first secondary air channel (2). The distributor (4) also has a dividing member (41) and a branch channel (431). A second hole (411) is formed on the dividing member (41). One end of the branch channel (431) is connected to the main channel (421), and the other end of the branch channel (431) is connected to the second hole (411). The second hole (411) includes a plurality of holes, which are arranged in the circumferential direction of the equalizing member (41). The plurality of holes (411) extend obliquely toward the central axis of the main channel (421) in the airflow direction. The central axes of the plurality of holes (411) intersect at a point and are located on the central axis of the main channel (421).
2. The coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distributor (4) includes a main pipe (42) and a branch pipe (43). The main channel (421) is formed in the main pipe (42), and the branch channel (431) is formed in the branch pipe (43). The branch pipe (43) is connected between the main pipe (42) and the equalizing component (41). The equalizing component (41) has an equalizing channel (412) extending circumferentially along the equalizing component (41). A plurality of second holes (411) are connected to the equalizing channel (412). One end of the branch channel (431) is connected to the equalizing channel (412), and the other end of the branch channel (431) is connected to the main pipe (421).
3. The coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The branch pipes (43) include multiple branches, which are arranged circumferentially on the main pipe (42). The first holes (422) include multiple holes, which are formed on one end face of the main pipe (42) facing the equalizer (41). The first holes (422) extend obliquely in the airflow direction away from the central axis of the main channel (421). The central axis of the first holes (422) intersects the central axis of the main channel (421).
4. The coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the radial direction of the main pipe (42), the diameter of the first hole (422) near the central axis of the main pipe (42) is greater than the diameter of the first hole (422) far from the central axis of the main pipe (42), and / or, the angle between the central axis of the first hole (422) located on the outer side and the central axis of the main pipe (42) is greater than the angle between the central axis of the first hole (422) located on the inner side and the central axis of the main pipe (42).
5. The coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: The first cylinder (101), the second cylinder (102), and the third cylinder (103) are provided. The first cylinder (101) is sleeved on the outside of the second cylinder (102), and the second cylinder (102) is sleeved on the outside of the third cylinder (103). A first secondary air passage (2) is defined between the first cylinder (101) and the second cylinder (102), and a second secondary air passage (3) is defined between the second cylinder (102) and the third cylinder (103).
6. The coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner (100) according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: The first adjusting member (105), the second adjusting member (106), and the third adjusting member (107) are provided. The first adjusting member (105) is located in the first secondary air duct (2), the second adjusting member (106) is located in the second secondary air duct (3), and the third adjusting member (107) is located in the main pipe (42). The fourth cylinder (104) is sleeved between the third cylinder (103) and the main pipe (42). The primary air passage (1) is formed inside the first cylinder (101). The fourth cylinder (104) has a fourth adjusting member (108) at one end facing the equalizing member (41). The fourth adjusting member (108) is used to adjust the deflection of the primary airflow. A first flow sensor and a second flow sensor are used. The first flow sensor is located at the air inlet of the main channel (421) and is used to measure the total gas flow. The second flow sensor is located between the third regulating member (107) and the first hole (422) and is used to measure the gas flow to the first hole (422).
7. The coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The included angle A between the central axis of the second hole (411) and the central axis of the main channel (421) satisfies: 15°≤A≤75°.
8. A gas control method, characterized in that, The gas control method applied to the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner (100) according to any one of claims 1-7 includes: Step S1: Preset the total flow area of the second hole (411) and the total flow area of the first hole (422), and set the minimum gas flow rate; Step S2: Obtain the total gas flow rate and the gas flow rate at the first orifice (422) of the coal-hydrogen co-firing cyclone burner (100); Step S3: Calculate the gas flow rate at the second orifice (411) of the coal-hydrogen co-firing swirl burner (100); Step S4: Calculate the gas velocity at the second hole (411) and the gas velocity at the first hole (422); Step S5: Compare the gas flow rate at the second hole (411) with the minimum gas flow rate and the gas flow rate at the first hole (422) with the minimum gas flow rate. If the gas flow rate at the first hole (422) is greater than or equal to the minimum gas flow rate and the gas flow rate at the second hole (411) is less than the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S6. If the gas flow velocity at the first orifice (422) is less than the minimum gas flow velocity, then proceed to step S7. If the gas flow rate at the first hole (422) and the gas flow rate at the second hole (411) are both greater than or equal to the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S2. Step S6: Increase the gas flow rate at the second hole (411) and decrease the gas flow rate at the first hole (422). If the increased gas flow rate at the second hole (411) and the decreased gas flow rate at the first hole (422) are both greater than or equal to the minimum gas flow rate, then execute step S2. Step S7: Increase the gas flow rate at the first hole (422). If the increased gas flow rate at the first hole (422) is greater than or equal to the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S2.
9. The gas control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step S6 includes: Step S6.1: Increase the gas flow rate at the second hole (411) and decrease the gas flow rate at the first hole (422). If the increased gas flow rate at the second hole (411) is less than the minimum gas flow rate and the decreased gas flow rate at the first hole (422) is greater than the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S6.
2. Step S6.2: Increase the gas supply. If the gas supply reaches the maximum supply and the gas flow rate at the second hole (411) is less than the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S6.
3. Step S6.3: Close the second hole (411).
10. The gas control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step S7 includes: Step S7.1: Increase the gas flow rate at the first hole (422). If the increased gas flow rate at the first hole (422) is less than the minimum gas flow rate, then proceed to step S7.
2. Step S7.2: Increase the gas supply. If, when the gas supply reaches the maximum supply, the gas velocity at the second hole (411) is less than the minimum gas velocity, and the gas velocity at the first hole (422) is greater than the minimum gas velocity, then proceed to step S7.
3. If, when the gas supply reaches its maximum, the gas velocity at the second orifice (411) is less than the minimum gas velocity, and the gas velocity at the first orifice (422) is also less than the minimum gas velocity, then step S7.4 is executed. If the gas supply reaches the maximum supply and the gas flow rate at the second hole (411) is greater than the minimum gas flow rate, then step S7.5 is executed. Step S7.3: Close the second hole (411); Step S7.4: Close the first hole (422) and the second hole (411); Step S7.5: Reduce the gas flow rate at the second hole (411). If the gas flow rate at the first hole (422) is less than the minimum gas flow rate, then close the second hole (411).