A method, device, equipment and medium for determining display mapping parameters of a digitizer

Abstract

The application discloses a digitizing tablet display mapping parameter determination method, device, equipment and medium, and the method comprises the steps of obtaining specification information of a digitizing tablet, and constructing a digitizing tablet coordinate system according to the specification information; in the case that a digitizing tablet forwarding calibration event is identified, constructing a virtual digitizing tablet click event of at least two different boundary feature points according to the digitizing tablet coordinate system, and obtaining a click position on a controlled end corresponding to the virtual digitizing tablet click event; determining a controlled display area on the controlled end according to the click position; determining display mapping parameters according to the controlled display area and the digitizing tablet coordinate system; wherein the display mapping parameters comprise a horizontal mapping ratio, a vertical mapping ratio, a horizontal offset and a vertical offset. The technical scheme realizes automatic and accurate identification of a remote mapping area of the digitizing tablet, does not require a user to manually configure the digitizing tablet and the controlled end, and improves the use convenience of the digitizing tablet.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of remote desktop technology, specifically relating to a method, apparatus, device, and medium for determining display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet. Background Technology

[0002] Cross-device reuse technology can establish a connection between a user's graphics tablet and a remote high-performance computer (the controlled device) through virtualization, making it convenient for users to access resources across devices. This technology is particularly useful for artists in the fields of digital painting and graphic design. Without changing their local operating habits, they can directly operate their graphics tablet and remotely utilize the powerful computing power of the controlled device to efficiently complete drawing creation and rendering processes.

[0003] However, the technology still has significant shortcomings: First, the mapping configuration process is cumbersome and prone to errors. The entire mapping process requires users to manually set both the graphics tablet and the controlled device, which is complex and prone to parameter mismatch. Second, the adaptability is insufficient. When the window layout of the controlled device is adjusted, the application is switched, or the monitor configuration is changed, the existing mapping relationship cannot automatically adapt to these dynamic changes. Users must manually reconfigure it, which seriously affects the continuity and convenience of use. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method, apparatus, device, and medium for determining display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet, aiming to achieve automatic and accurate identification of the remote mapping area of ​​the graphics tablet without requiring manual configuration by the user on the graphics tablet and the controlled terminal, thereby improving the ease of use of the graphics tablet.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for determining display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet, the method comprising: Obtain the specifications of the graphics tablet and construct a coordinate system for the graphics tablet based on the specifications. When a digit tablet forwarding calibration event is detected, at least two virtual digit tablet click events with different boundary feature points are constructed according to the digit tablet coordinate system, and the click position on the controlled terminal corresponding to the virtual digit tablet click event is obtained. The controlled display area on the controlled terminal is determined based on the click location; The display mapping parameters are determined based on the controlled display area and the digitizer coordinate system; wherein, the display mapping parameters include horizontal mapping ratio, vertical mapping ratio, horizontal offset, and vertical offset.

[0006] Optionally, the at least two different boundary feature points include a set of diagonal points, and the click position includes a set of diagonal click positions; Accordingly, determining the controlled display area on the controlled terminal based on the click location includes: The controlled display area on the controlled terminal is determined based on the diagonal click position.

[0007] Optionally, the at least two different boundary feature points may further include the middle point of the left boundary and the middle point of the right boundary, and the click position may further include the middle click position of the left boundary and the middle click position of the right boundary; Accordingly, determining the controlled display area on the controlled terminal based on the diagonal click position includes: The controlled display area on the controlled terminal is determined based on the diagonal click position, the middle click position of the left boundary, and the middle click position of the right boundary.

[0008] Optionally, after determining the display mapping parameters based on the controlled display area and the tablet coordinate system, the method further includes: The predicted center click position on the controlled terminal is determined based on the display mapping parameters and the center position of the digitizer coordinate system. A virtual digitizer center click event is constructed based on the center position, and the actual center click position on the controlled terminal corresponding to the virtual digitizer center click event is obtained. The mapping deviation is determined based on the predicted center click position and the actual center click position, and the display mapping parameters are re-determined if the mapping deviation exceeds the preset mapping deviation.

[0009] Optionally, after determining the display mapping parameters based on the controlled display area and the tablet coordinate system, the method further includes: In response to a user's zoom-in operation, the system obtains the tablet zoom-in distance and the tablet zoom-in center position, and determines the in-game display mapping parameters based on the tablet zoom-in distance, the tablet zoom-in center position, and the display mapping parameters. And / or, In response to a user's zoom-out operation, the system obtains the tablet zoom-out distance and the tablet zoom-out center position, and determines the in-game display mapping parameters based on the tablet zoom-out distance, the tablet zoom-out center position, and the display mapping parameters.

[0010] Optionally, after determining the in-place display mapping parameters, the method further includes: In response to a user's movement operation, the tablet's movement trajectory is obtained, and the controlled display area within the local area is synchronously updated based on the tablet's movement trajectory, the display mapping parameters, and the local display mapping parameters.

[0011] Optionally, after determining the in-place display mapping parameters, the method further includes: If the in-game display mapping parameter is not within the preset in-game display mapping parameter range, the in-game display mapping parameter is adjusted based on the preset in-game display mapping parameter range, and an in-game mapping limit prompt message is generated.

[0012] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a display mapping parameter determination device for a graphics tablet, the device comprising: The coordinate system construction module is used to obtain the specification information of the graphics tablet and construct the coordinate system of the graphics tablet based on the specification information; The click location acquisition module is used to construct at least two virtual digit tablet click events with different boundary feature points according to the digit tablet coordinate system when a digit tablet forwarding calibration event is detected, and to acquire the click location on the controlled terminal corresponding to the virtual digit tablet click event. A controlled area determination module is used to determine the controlled display area on the controlled terminal based on the click position; The mapping parameter determination module is used to determine display mapping parameters based on the controlled display area and the digitizer coordinate system; wherein, the display mapping parameters include horizontal mapping ratio, vertical mapping ratio, horizontal offset, and vertical offset.

[0013] Optionally, the at least two different boundary feature points include a set of diagonal points, and the click position includes a set of diagonal click positions; Accordingly, the controlled region determination module is specifically used for: The controlled display area on the controlled terminal is determined based on the diagonal click position.

[0014] Optionally, the at least two different boundary feature points may further include the middle point of the left boundary and the middle point of the right boundary, and the click position may further include the middle click position of the left boundary and the middle click position of the right boundary; Accordingly, the controlled region determination module is specifically used for: The controlled display area on the controlled terminal is determined based on the diagonal click position, the middle click position of the left boundary, and the middle click position of the right boundary.

[0015] Optionally, the device is also used for: The predicted center click position on the controlled terminal is determined based on the display mapping parameters and the center position of the digitizer coordinate system. A virtual digitizer center click event is constructed based on the center position, and the actual center click position on the controlled terminal corresponding to the virtual digitizer center click event is obtained. The mapping deviation is determined based on the predicted center click position and the actual center click position, and the display mapping parameters are re-determined if the mapping deviation exceeds the preset mapping deviation.

[0016] Optionally, the device is also used for: In response to a user's zoom-in operation, the system obtains the tablet zoom-in distance and the tablet zoom-in center position, and determines the in-game display mapping parameters based on the tablet zoom-in distance, the tablet zoom-in center position, and the display mapping parameters. And / or, In response to a user's zoom-out operation, the system obtains the tablet zoom-out distance and the tablet zoom-out center position, and determines the in-game display mapping parameters based on the tablet zoom-out distance, the tablet zoom-out center position, and the display mapping parameters.

[0017] Optionally, the device is also used for: In response to a user's movement operation, the tablet's movement trajectory is obtained, and the controlled display area within the local area is synchronously updated based on the tablet's movement trajectory, the display mapping parameters, and the local display mapping parameters.

[0018] Optionally, the device is also used for: If the in-game display mapping parameter is not within the preset in-game display mapping parameter range, the in-game display mapping parameter is adjusted based on the preset in-game display mapping parameter range, and an in-game mapping limit prompt message is generated.

[0019] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device including a processor, a memory, and a program or instructions stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implement the method described in the first aspect.

[0020] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a readable storage medium on which a program or instructions are stored, which, when executed by a processor, implement the method described in the first aspect.

[0021] In this embodiment, the specifications of the graphics tablet are obtained, and a graphics tablet coordinate system is constructed based on the specifications. Upon detecting a graphics tablet forwarding calibration event, at least two virtual graphics tablet click events with different boundary feature points are constructed based on the graphics tablet coordinate system, and the click position on the controlled device corresponding to the virtual graphics tablet click event is obtained. The controlled display area on the controlled device is determined based on the click position. Display mapping parameters are determined based on the controlled display area and the graphics tablet coordinate system. The display mapping parameters include a horizontal mapping ratio, a vertical mapping ratio, a horizontal offset, and a vertical offset. This method for determining the display mapping parameters of the graphics tablet enables automatic and accurate identification of the remote mapping area of ​​the graphics tablet, eliminating the need for manual configuration by the user on the graphics tablet and the controlled device, thus improving the ease of use of the graphics tablet. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for determining the display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet according to Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for determining the display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet according to Embodiment 2 of this application; Figure 3 This is an example diagram illustrating the mapping between the graphics tablet and the controlled display area provided in Embodiment 2 of this application; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for determining the display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet according to Embodiment 3 of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the display mapping parameter determination device for a graphics tablet provided in Embodiment 4 of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in Embodiment 5 of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, specific embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining this application and not for limiting it. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to this application are shown in the drawings, not all of them. Before discussing exemplary embodiments in more detail, it should be mentioned that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flowcharts. Although the flowcharts describe operations (or steps) as sequential processes, many of these operations can be performed in parallel, concurrently, or simultaneously. Furthermore, the order of the operations can be rearranged. The process can be terminated when its operation is completed, but may also have additional steps not included in the drawings. The process can correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subroutine, etc.

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0026] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details the method, apparatus, device, and medium for determining display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet provided in this application, through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0027] First, this application applies to scenarios where a digitizer tablet remotely controls a controlled device for precise operations such as drawing, designing, and annotating. It is understood that the executing entity of this application can be the digitizer tablet's own control chip or a driver program deployed on the controlled device. The digitizer tablet can be a computer input device with pressure sensing and coordinate positioning functions, mainly composed of a pressure-sensitive panel, a digital pen (or stylus), a control chip, and a communication module, and can establish a connection with the controlled device via wired or wireless means; the controlled device can be an electronic device with a display screen (such as a desktop computer, laptop computer, or tablet computer).

[0028] In practical applications, the display scenarios of the controlled terminal are diverse and complex. On the one hand, the controlled terminal may use one or more displays to form a global display area, and the resolution and physical size of each display often differ, making it impossible to adapt the display mapping relationship between the graphics tablet and the controlled terminal through fixed parameters. On the other hand, the user may only need to map the graphics tablet input to a specific application window on the controlled terminal (such as a drawing software window or a document annotation window), but the driver can only recognize the identification information of the target mapping window and cannot directly obtain the specific position coordinates and size of the target mapping window in the global display area of ​​the controlled terminal. Furthermore, the target mapping window may move or resize due to user operations, further causing the mapping relationship to fail. Therefore, existing fixed configurations or manual calibration methods are difficult to adapt to the above dynamic and complex scenarios. There is an urgent need for a method that can automatically identify the actual controlled display area of ​​the controlled terminal and dynamically determine the mapping parameters to achieve accurate matching between the graphics tablet input and the display on the controlled terminal.

[0029] Example 1 Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for determining the display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet according to Embodiment 1 of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include the following: S101, Obtain the specifications of the graphics tablet and construct a coordinate system for the graphics tablet based on the specifications; The specifications of the graphics tablet can be parameters used to describe the effective input area of ​​the tablet, including the horizontal length, vertical height, coordinate sampling resolution, and origin reference position of the effective input area.

[0030] In one embodiment, the specification information of the graphics tablet can be obtained by reading the factory configuration data stored in the EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) built into the graphics tablet.

[0031] The tablet coordinate system can be a two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system with a reference point (e.g., the lower left corner) of the effective input area of ​​the tablet as the origin, the horizontal direction as the X-axis, and the vertical direction as the Y-axis. The coordinate values ​​are represented in pixel-level units or physical length units corresponding to the coordinate sampling resolution.

[0032] In one embodiment, the method of constructing a graphics tablet coordinate system based on specification information can be to use the origin reference position as the origin of the graphics tablet coordinate system, combine the horizontal length and vertical height of the effective input area to determine the maximum value of the X-axis and the maximum value of the Y-axis, establish a one-to-one mapping relationship between coordinate values ​​and physical positions, and form a complete graphics tablet coordinate system.

[0033] S102, when a digit tablet forwarding calibration event is detected, at least two virtual digit tablet click events with different boundary feature points are constructed according to the digit tablet coordinate system, and the click position on the controlled terminal corresponding to the virtual digit tablet click event is obtained; Among them, the digit tablet forwarding calibration event can include the controlled end starting the digit tablet mapping function, the user switching the target mapping window, detecting a change in the position or size of the target mapping window, and the digit tablet and the controlled end re-establishing the communication connection.

[0034] Here, the boundary feature points can be feature points with clearly defined locations in the tablet's coordinate system. Correspondingly, the virtual tablet click event for the boundary feature points can be a simulated short press operation of a digital pen on the corresponding boundary feature point on the tablet.

[0035] In one embodiment, the method of constructing virtual digit tablet click events with at least two different boundary feature points based on the digit tablet coordinate system can be achieved by generating coordinate data of each boundary feature point based on the digit tablet coordinate system, encapsulating it into a virtual click event packet according to the digit tablet's event transmission protocol, and sending it to the controlled end through a communication link.

[0036] The click position on the controlled device can be the coordinate position of the virtual tablet click event on the global display area of ​​the controlled device.

[0037] In one embodiment, the method for obtaining the click position on the controlled terminal corresponding to the virtual digit tablet click event can be as follows: after the controlled terminal receives the virtual digit tablet click event, the driver parses the boundary feature points and performs a click operation at the corresponding position in the controlled display area on the controlled terminal. The controlled terminal listens to the click event to obtain the click position in the global display area corresponding to the virtual digit tablet click event.

[0038] S103, determine the controlled display area on the controlled terminal based on the click location; Among them, the controlled display area on the controlled end can be the effective display range in the global display area of ​​the controlled end used for forwarding display mapping and receiving digital tablet input mapping.

[0039] In one embodiment, the controlled display area on the controlled terminal can be determined based on the click position by selecting the two click positions with the greatest distance between them and connecting them with a line. The line is then used as a diagonal to construct a rectangular area as the controlled display area.

[0040] S104, determine display mapping parameters based on the controlled display area and the digitizer coordinate system; wherein, the display mapping parameters include horizontal mapping ratio, vertical mapping ratio, horizontal offset, and vertical offset.

[0041] The display mapping parameters are core parameters used to convert the coordinate position in the digitizer coordinate system into the coordinate position in the global display area of ​​the controlled device. These parameters can include the horizontal mapping ratio, vertical mapping ratio, horizontal offset, and vertical offset. Specifically, the horizontal mapping ratio can be the ratio of the horizontal length of the controlled display area to the horizontal coordinate range of the digitizer coordinate system (i.e., the horizontal physical length of the effective input area of ​​the digitizer); the vertical mapping ratio can be the ratio of the vertical length of the controlled display area to the vertical coordinate range of the digitizer coordinate system (i.e., the vertical physical length of the effective input area of ​​the digitizer); the horizontal offset can be the horizontal offset of the origin of the controlled display area in the global display area; and the vertical offset can be the offset of the origin of the controlled display area in the global display area.

[0042] In one embodiment, the method for determining the display mapping parameters based on the controlled display area and the digit tablet coordinate system can be as follows: obtain the horizontal length, vertical length, and lower left corner vertex coordinates of the controlled display area; divide the horizontal length by the horizontal coordinate range of the digit tablet coordinate system to obtain the horizontal mapping ratio; divide the vertical length by the vertical coordinate range of the digit tablet coordinate system to obtain the vertical mapping ratio; and calculate the horizontal and vertical differences between the lower left corner vertex coordinates and the lower left corner origin of the global display area to obtain the horizontal and vertical offsets.

[0043] Optionally, after determining the display mapping parameters based on the controlled display area and the tablet coordinate system, the method further includes: The predicted center click position on the controlled terminal is determined based on the display mapping parameters and the center position of the digitizer coordinate system. A virtual digitizer center click event is constructed based on the center position, and the actual center click position on the controlled terminal corresponding to the virtual digitizer center click event is obtained. The mapping deviation is determined based on the predicted center click position and the actual center click position, and the display mapping parameters are re-determined if the mapping deviation exceeds the preset mapping deviation.

[0044] The center position of the digitizer coordinate system can be the geometric center coordinates of the digitizer coordinate system; the predicted center click position on the controlled device can be the theoretical coordinate position of the global display area of ​​the controlled device, which is based on the determined display mapping parameters and maps the center position of the digitizer coordinate system to the theoretical coordinate position of the global display area of ​​the controlled device.

[0045] In one embodiment, the method of determining the predicted center click position on the controlled terminal based on the display mapping parameters and the center position of the digitizer coordinate system can be as follows: multiply the horizontal coordinate of the center position of the digitizer coordinate system by the horizontal mapping ratio and add the horizontal offset to the multiplication result to obtain the horizontal coordinate of the predicted center click position; multiply the vertical coordinate of the center position of the digitizer coordinate system by the vertical mapping ratio and add the vertical offset to the multiplication result to obtain the vertical coordinate of the predicted center click position.

[0046] Among them, the virtual tablet center click event can simulate a short press operation of the pen at the center position of the tablet coordinate system.

[0047] In one embodiment, the method of constructing a virtual digitizer center click event based on the center position can be achieved by encapsulating the center position of the digitizer coordinate system into a virtual click event packet according to the digitizer's event transmission protocol, and sending it to the controlled end through a communication link.

[0048] The actual center click position on the controlled end can be the coordinate position of the actual response in the global display area after the controlled end receives the center click event of the virtual digitizer.

[0049] In one embodiment, the method for obtaining the actual center click position on the controlled terminal corresponding to the virtual digit tablet center click event can be as follows: after the controlled terminal receives the virtual digit tablet center click event, it parses the center position of the digit tablet coordinate system through the driver program and performs a click operation at the corresponding position in the controlled display area on the controlled terminal. The controlled terminal listens to the click event to obtain the actual center click position in the global display area corresponding to the virtual digit tablet center click event.

[0050] The mapping bias can be the Euclidean distance between the predicted center click position and the actual center click position.

[0051] The preset mapping deviation can be a mapping deviation threshold pre-set according to the accuracy requirements of the graphics tablet's application scenario. If the mapping deviation exceeds the preset mapping deviation, it indicates that the currently determined display mapping parameters have insufficient accuracy and need to be re-determined. The advantage of this scheme is that it enables controllable and adaptive optimization of mapping accuracy through quantitative deviation calculation and threshold judgment.

[0052] In this embodiment, the specifications of the graphics tablet are obtained, and a graphics tablet coordinate system is constructed based on the specifications. Upon detecting a graphics tablet forwarding calibration event, at least two virtual graphics tablet click events with different boundary feature points are constructed based on the graphics tablet coordinate system, and the click position on the controlled device corresponding to the virtual graphics tablet click event is obtained. The controlled display area on the controlled device is determined based on the click position. Display mapping parameters are determined based on the controlled display area and the graphics tablet coordinate system. The display mapping parameters include a horizontal mapping ratio, a vertical mapping ratio, a horizontal offset, and a vertical offset. This method for determining the display mapping parameters of the graphics tablet enables automatic and accurate identification of the remote mapping area of ​​the graphics tablet, eliminating the need for manual configuration by the user on the graphics tablet and the controlled device, thus improving the ease of use of the graphics tablet.

[0053] Example 2 Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for determining the display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet according to Embodiment 2 of this application. Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps include the following: S201, Obtain the specifications of the graphics tablet and construct a coordinate system for the graphics tablet based on the specifications; S202, when a digit tablet forwarding calibration event is detected, a virtual digit tablet click event with at least two different boundary feature points is constructed according to the digit tablet coordinate system, and the click position on the controlled terminal corresponding to the virtual digit tablet click event is obtained; wherein, the at least two different boundary feature points include a set of diagonal points, and the click position includes a set of diagonal click positions; Among them, a set of diagonal points can be two diagonal vertices of the digit tablet coordinate system (the effective input area of ​​the digit tablet) (e.g., the lower left origin and the upper right vertex); a set of diagonal click positions can be the two diagonal coordinate positions triggered in the global display area of ​​the controlled terminal by the virtual digit tablet click event corresponding to the set of diagonal points.

[0054] S203, determine the controlled display area on the controlled terminal based on the diagonal click position; In one embodiment, the controlled display area on the controlled terminal can be determined based on the diagonal click positions by constructing a minimum rectangular area containing the two diagonal click positions, which is the controlled display area.

[0055] Figure 3 This is an example diagram illustrating the mapping between the graphics tablet and the controlled display area provided in Embodiment 2 of this application. For example... Figure 3As shown, the controlled end uses a global display area spliced ​​together by monitors A and B. The user needs to map the input from the graphics tablet to the drawing window that spans the two monitors. At this time, a virtual graphics tablet click event is constructed by a set of diagonal points of the graphics tablet (such as the lower left corner point and the upper right corner point). The corresponding diagonal click position is the coordinate position of the lower left corner and the upper right corner of the drawing window in the spliced ​​global display area.

[0056] Optionally, the at least two different boundary feature points may further include the middle point of the left boundary and the middle point of the right boundary, and the click position may further include the middle click position of the left boundary and the middle click position of the right boundary; Accordingly, determining the controlled display area on the controlled terminal based on the diagonal click position includes: The controlled display area on the controlled terminal is determined based on the diagonal click position, the middle click position of the left boundary, and the middle click position of the right boundary.

[0057] The left boundary midpoint can be the midpoint of the left edge of the tablet coordinate system (the effective input area of ​​the tablet); the right boundary midpoint can be the midpoint of the right edge of the tablet coordinate system (the effective input area of ​​the tablet).

[0058] The left edge center click position can be the coordinate position triggered by the virtual digit tablet click event corresponding to the center point of the left edge of the digit tablet in the global display area of ​​the controlled device; the right edge center click position can be the coordinate position triggered by the virtual digit tablet click event corresponding to the center point of the right edge of the digit tablet in the global display area of ​​the controlled device.

[0059] In one embodiment, the controlled display area on the controlled terminal is determined based on the diagonal click position, the middle click position of the left boundary, and the middle click position of the right boundary. This can be achieved by connecting the middle click position of the left boundary and the middle click position of the right boundary to obtain a horizontal baseline of the controlled display area. Based on the horizontal baseline, the area extends to both sides perpendicular to the horizontal baseline, so that the diagonal click position fits the diagonal vertex of the extended rectangular area. This rectangular area is the controlled display area.

[0060] Correspondingly, the display mapping parameters can also include the horizontal rotation angle.

[0061] The advantage of this solution is that it allows the graphics tablet to accurately match the actual angle of the controlled display area, perfectly adapting to complex scenarios such as multi-screen splicing and window tilting.

[0062] S204, determine display mapping parameters based on the controlled display area and the digitizer coordinate system; wherein, the display mapping parameters include horizontal mapping ratio, vertical mapping ratio, horizontal offset, and vertical offset.

[0063] The advantage of this solution is that the controlled display area can be quickly determined using only a set of diagonal points, making the determination of the controlled display area simpler and more efficient.

[0064] Example 3 Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for determining the display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet according to Embodiment 3 of this application. Figure 4 As shown, the specific steps include the following: S401, Obtain the specifications of the graphics tablet and construct a coordinate system for the graphics tablet based on the specifications; S402, when a digit tablet forwarding calibration event is detected, at least two virtual digit tablet click events with different boundary feature points are constructed according to the digit tablet coordinate system, and the click position on the controlled terminal corresponding to the virtual digit tablet click event is obtained; S403, determine the controlled display area on the controlled terminal based on the click location; S404, determine display mapping parameters based on the controlled display area and the digitizer coordinate system; wherein, the display mapping parameters include horizontal mapping ratio, vertical mapping ratio, horizontal offset, and vertical offset; S405, in response to a user zoom-in operation, obtain the tablet zoom-in distance and the tablet zoom-in center position, and determine the in-game display mapping parameters based on the tablet zoom-in distance, the tablet zoom-in center position, and the display mapping parameters; and / or, in response to a user zoom-out operation, obtain the tablet zoom-out distance and the tablet zoom-out center position, and determine the in-game display mapping parameters based on the tablet zoom-out distance, the tablet zoom-out center position, and the display mapping parameters.

[0065] First, in actual interactive scenarios, the underlying drivers or applications of some global display areas do not support native local zoom-in / zoom-out interaction of the displayed content and cannot directly respond to the scaling operation commands of the graphics tablet. However, in scenarios such as fine drawing and local parameter debugging, users have a core need to zoom in and out to view specific local content within the controlled display area. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the mapping relationship between the graphics tablet coordinate system and the local zoom-in / zoom-out display area to realize local interactive functions in scenarios that do not support native scaling. Furthermore, reconstructing virtual click events to determine the mapping relationship at this point has significant drawbacks: its core is the repeated execution of calibration logic, which requires pausing the current interaction flow during the user's continuous zoom-in / zoom-out operations (such as long-pressing and dragging the pen to zoom) to generate virtual click events at at least two boundary feature points. This directly interrupts the user's operation rhythm, causing zooming actions to lag and response delays, severely damaging the continuity of operation and the smoothness of interaction. At the same time, virtual click events need to generate click instructions at the boundary feature points of the digitizer's coordinate system. These instructions, after being mapped to the controlled end, may hit elements such as function buttons and editing controls within the local core content area currently focused on by the user (such as the detail layer of the drawing), causing false triggers and false modifications, thus ruining the user's current operation results. Moreover, local zoom-in / zoom-out operations are dynamic and temporary. Users may adjust the zoom ratio and change the zoom center position multiple times. If the calibration logic is repeatedly executed for each zoom, the calibration time is long and cannot adapt to the real-time zoom requirements.

[0066] Among them, the in-place display mapping parameters can be the mapping parameters between the digit tablet coordinate system and the local magnified / magnified display area in the controlled display area (i.e., the display content area in the controlled display area after the magnification / magnification operation, which is a sub-area of ​​the original total display content area in the controlled display area) after the user performs magnification / magnification operations on the display content in the controlled display area. These parameters can include the in-place horizontal mapping ratio, the in-place vertical mapping ratio, the in-place horizontal offset, and the in-place vertical offset.

[0067] The user zoom-in operation can be a local zoom-in command of the controlled display area triggered by the user's sliding operation (such as long press and drag) on ​​the graphics tablet with a digital pen; the digital tablet zoom-in distance can be the sliding length corresponding to the zoom-in operation in the digital tablet coordinate system; the digital tablet zoom-in center position can be the center coordinate in the digital tablet coordinate system corresponding to the zoom-in operation.

[0068] In one embodiment, the method for obtaining the magnification distance and center position of the digit tablet during the user's magnification operation can be achieved by using the pressure sensing module and coordinate sampling module of the digit tablet to capture the sliding trajectory of the user's magnification operation, calculating the change value of the spacing of the sliding trajectory to obtain the magnification distance of the digit tablet, and taking the coordinates of the starting midpoint of the sliding trajectory as the center position of the digit tablet magnification.

[0069] In one embodiment, the method for determining the intra-area display mapping parameters based on the digit tablet magnification distance, the digit tablet magnification center position, and display mapping parameters can be achieved by combining a preset correspondence between the digit tablet sliding distance and the magnification ratio, obtaining the magnification ratio of the current user magnification operation based on the digit tablet magnification distance, converting the digit tablet magnification center position into the magnification center position of the controlled display area (equivalent to the center position of the intra-area controlled display area) based on the display mapping parameters, and then multiplying the horizontal mapping ratio and vertical mapping ratio in the display mapping parameters by the magnification ratio of the current user magnification operation to obtain the intra-area horizontal mapping ratio and the intra-area display mapping ratio. The vertical mapping ratio is calculated by multiplying the horizontal mapping ratio within the local area by the horizontal coordinate range of the digitizer coordinate system (i.e., the horizontal physical length of the effective input area of ​​the digitizer) to obtain the horizontal length of the controlled display area within the local area. The vertical mapping ratio within the local area is multiplied by the vertical coordinate range of the digitizer coordinate system (i.e., the vertical physical length of the effective input area of ​​the digitizer) to obtain the vertical length of the controlled display area within the local area. Based on the horizontal length, vertical length, and center position of the controlled display area within the local area, the horizontal and vertical offset values ​​of the lower left corner of the controlled display area within the local area relative to the lower left corner of the global display area are determined to obtain the local horizontal offset and local vertical offset.

[0070] The user zoom-out operation can be a local zoom-out command of the controlled display area triggered by the user's sliding operation (such as long press and drag) on ​​the graphics tablet with a digital pen; the zoom-out distance of the graphics tablet can be the sliding length corresponding to the zoom-out operation in the graphics tablet coordinate system; the zoom-out center position of the graphics tablet can be the center coordinates in the graphics tablet coordinate system corresponding to the zoom-out operation.

[0071] In one embodiment, the method for obtaining the digit tablet's zoom-out distance and zoom-out center position during the user's zoom-out operation can be achieved by using the digit tablet's pressure sensing module and coordinate sampling module to capture the sliding trajectory of the user's zoom-out operation, calculating the change in the spacing of the sliding trajectory to obtain the digit tablet's zoom-out distance, and taking the coordinates of the starting midpoint of the sliding trajectory as the digit tablet's zoom-out center position.

[0072] In one embodiment, the method of determining the intra-area display mapping parameters based on the digit tablet's zoom-out distance, the digit tablet's zoom-out center position, and display mapping parameters can be achieved by combining a preset correspondence between the digit tablet's sliding distance and the zoom-out ratio. The zoom-out ratio for the current user zoom-out operation is obtained based on the digit tablet's zoom-out distance. The digit tablet's zoom-out center position is then converted to the zoom-out center position of the controlled display area (equivalent to the center position of the intra-area controlled display area) based on the display mapping parameters. Finally, the horizontal and vertical mapping ratios in the display mapping parameters are multiplied by the zoom-out ratio for the current user zoom-out operation to obtain the intra-area horizontal mapping ratio and the intra-area... The vertical mapping ratio is calculated by multiplying the horizontal mapping ratio within the local area by the horizontal coordinate range of the digitizer coordinate system (i.e., the horizontal physical length of the effective input area of ​​the digitizer) to obtain the horizontal length of the controlled display area within the local area. The vertical mapping ratio within the local area is multiplied by the vertical coordinate range of the digitizer coordinate system (i.e., the vertical physical length of the effective input area of ​​the digitizer) to obtain the vertical length of the controlled display area within the local area. Based on the horizontal length, vertical length, and center position of the controlled display area within the local area, the horizontal and vertical offset values ​​of the lower left corner of the controlled display area within the local area relative to the lower left corner of the global display area are determined to obtain the local horizontal offset and local vertical offset.

[0073] Optionally, after determining the in-place display mapping parameters, the method further includes: In response to a user's movement operation, the tablet's movement trajectory is obtained, and the controlled display area within the local area is synchronously updated based on the tablet's movement trajectory, the display mapping parameters, and the local display mapping parameters.

[0074] The user movement operation can be a sliding operation performed by the user on the graphics tablet using a digital pen to pan a local display content area; the graphics tablet movement trajectory can be a continuous sequence of coordinate points formed by the movement operation in the graphics tablet coordinate system.

[0075] In one embodiment, the method for obtaining the movement trajectory of the graphics tablet during user movement operations can be to capture the movement trajectory of the graphics tablet through the pressure sensing module and coordinate sampling module of the graphics tablet.

[0076] Among them, the controlled display area within the local area can be a local display area that matches the coordinate system of the digitizer tablet within the global display area, determined based on the local display mapping parameters. It is a sub-area of ​​the controlled display area, and its position and range change dynamically with the user's zooming and moving operations.

[0077] In one embodiment, the method of synchronously updating the controlled display area within the local area based on the digitizer's movement trajectory, display mapping parameters, and local display mapping parameters can be achieved by converting the horizontal and vertical displacements of the digitizer's movement trajectory into equivalent displacements in the global display area according to the local horizontal and vertical mapping ratios. Using the current center position of the controlled display area within the local area as a reference, the equivalent displacements are superimposed to calculate the updated center position of the controlled display area within the local area. Based on the horizontal and vertical lengths of the controlled display area within the local area and the updated center position of the controlled display area within the local area, the local horizontal and vertical offsets of the controlled display area within the local area are updated.

[0078] The advantage of this solution is that, addressing the core need of users to pan and view details after zooming in on a specific area, it recognizes the movement of the digital pen and converts it into the equivalent displacement of the controlled device, allowing users to flexibly move the viewpoint without exiting the zoom state, thus improving the convenience of local interaction.

[0079] Optionally, after determining the in-place display mapping parameters, the method further includes: If the in-game display mapping parameter is not within the preset in-game display mapping parameter range, the in-game display mapping parameter is adjusted based on the preset in-game display mapping parameter range, and an in-game mapping limit prompt message is generated.

[0080] The preset range of in-place display mapping parameters can be a threshold range of in-place mapping parameters pre-set according to the hardware performance of the graphics tablet, the display resolution of the controlled terminal, and the needs of the interaction scenario. This includes the threshold range of in-place horizontal mapping ratio, the threshold range of in-place vertical mapping ratio, the threshold range of in-place horizontal offset, and the threshold range of in-place vertical offset. If the in-place display mapping parameters are not within the preset range, it means that the in-place display mapping parameters corresponding to the user's current zoom operation exceed the above threshold range. If the in-place display mapping parameters are directly used for mapping, problems such as display content distortion, misalignment of pen strokes and cursor mapping, or the controlled display area in the in-place exceeding the global display area of ​​the controlled terminal will occur. Therefore, the in-place display mapping parameters can be adjusted based on the preset range.

[0081] In one embodiment, the method of adjusting the intra-area display mapping parameters based on a preset range of intra-area display mapping parameters can be as follows: if the intra-area horizontal / vertical mapping ratio or the intra-area horizontal / vertical offset is higher than a preset upper limit threshold, then adjust it to the corresponding upper limit threshold; if the intra-area horizontal / vertical mapping ratio or the intra-area horizontal / vertical offset is lower than a preset lower limit threshold, then adjust it to the corresponding lower limit threshold.

[0082] The in-game mapping limit prompt can be a prompt message used to inform the user that the current zoom operation has reached the supported mapping limit, and can include text prompts, icon prompts, or vibration prompts; the in-game mapping limit prompt message can include key information such as the zoom limit ratio that has been reached and the offset limit range.

[0083] The advantage of this approach is that by limiting parameter ranges and providing prompts, the stability and reliability of local mapping interactions are ensured, and interaction anomalies caused by extreme operations are avoided.

[0084] The advantage of this solution is that it addresses the need for localized interaction in scenarios where native scaling is not supported, while also ensuring the accuracy, smoothness, and efficiency of the operation.

[0085] Example 4 Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the display mapping parameter determination device for a graphics tablet provided in Embodiment 4 of this application. Figure 5 As shown, the device includes: The coordinate system construction module 510 is used to obtain the specification information of the graphics tablet and construct the coordinate system of the graphics tablet based on the specification information. Click position acquisition module 520 is used to construct at least two virtual digital tablet click events with different boundary feature points according to the digital tablet coordinate system when a digital tablet forwarding calibration event is detected, and to acquire the click position on the controlled terminal corresponding to the virtual digital tablet click event. The controlled area determination module 530 is used to determine the controlled display area on the controlled terminal based on the click position; The mapping parameter determination module 540 is used to determine display mapping parameters based on the controlled display area and the digitizer coordinate system; wherein, the display mapping parameters include horizontal mapping ratio, vertical mapping ratio, horizontal offset, and vertical offset.

[0086] Optionally, the at least two different boundary feature points include a set of diagonal points, and the click position includes a set of diagonal click positions; Accordingly, the controlled area determination module 530 is specifically used for: The controlled display area on the controlled terminal is determined based on the diagonal click position.

[0087] Optionally, the at least two different boundary feature points may further include the middle point of the left boundary and the middle point of the right boundary, and the click position may further include the middle click position of the left boundary and the middle click position of the right boundary; Accordingly, the controlled area determination module 530 is specifically used for: The controlled display area on the controlled terminal is determined based on the diagonal click position, the middle click position of the left boundary, and the middle click position of the right boundary.

[0088] Optionally, the device is also used for: The predicted center click position on the controlled terminal is determined based on the display mapping parameters and the center position of the digitizer coordinate system. A virtual digitizer center click event is constructed based on the center position, and the actual center click position on the controlled terminal corresponding to the virtual digitizer center click event is obtained. The mapping deviation is determined based on the predicted center click position and the actual center click position, and the display mapping parameters are re-determined if the mapping deviation exceeds the preset mapping deviation.

[0089] Optionally, the device is also used for: In response to a user's zoom-in operation, the system obtains the tablet zoom-in distance and the tablet zoom-in center position, and determines the in-game display mapping parameters based on the tablet zoom-in distance, the tablet zoom-in center position, and the display mapping parameters. And / or, In response to a user's zoom-out operation, the system obtains the tablet zoom-out distance and the tablet zoom-out center position, and determines the in-game display mapping parameters based on the tablet zoom-out distance, the tablet zoom-out center position, and the display mapping parameters.

[0090] Optionally, the device is also used for: In response to a user's movement operation, the tablet's movement trajectory is obtained, and the controlled display area within the local area is synchronously updated based on the tablet's movement trajectory, the display mapping parameters, and the local display mapping parameters.

[0091] Optionally, the device is also used for: If the in-game display mapping parameter is not within the preset in-game display mapping parameter range, the in-game display mapping parameter is adjusted based on the preset in-game display mapping parameter range, and an in-game mapping limit prompt message is generated.

[0092] In this embodiment, a coordinate system construction module is used to acquire the specifications of the graphics tablet and construct a graphics tablet coordinate system based on the specifications; a click position acquisition module is used to construct at least two virtual graphics tablet click events with different boundary feature points based on the graphics tablet coordinate system when a graphics tablet forwarding calibration event is detected, and to acquire the click position on the controlled terminal corresponding to the virtual graphics tablet click event; a controlled area determination module is used to determine the controlled display area on the controlled terminal based on the click position; and a mapping parameter determination module is used to determine display mapping parameters based on the controlled display area and the graphics tablet coordinate system; wherein, the display mapping parameters include a horizontal mapping ratio, a vertical mapping ratio, a horizontal offset, and a vertical offset. The above-mentioned graphics tablet display mapping parameter determination device enables automatic and accurate identification of the remote mapping area of ​​the graphics tablet, eliminating the need for manual configuration by the user on the graphics tablet and the controlled terminal, thus improving the ease of use of the graphics tablet.

[0093] The display mapping parameter determination device for the graphics tablet in this application embodiment can be a device, or a component, integrated circuit, or chip in a terminal. This device can be a mobile electronic device or a non-mobile electronic device. For example, mobile electronic devices can be mobile phones, tablets, laptops, PDAs, in-vehicle electronic devices, wearable devices, ultra-mobile personal computers (UMPCs), netbooks, or personal digital assistants (PDAs), etc., while non-mobile electronic devices can be servers, network attached storage (NAS), personal computers (PCs), televisions (TVs), ATMs, or self-service machines, etc. This application embodiment does not impose specific limitations.

[0094] The display mapping parameter determination device for the graphics tablet in this embodiment can be a device with an operating system. This operating system can be Android, iOS, or other possible operating systems; this embodiment does not specifically limit the specific operating system.

[0095] The display mapping parameter determination device for the digitizing tablet provided in this application embodiment can realize the various processes implemented in the above embodiments. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0096] Example 5 like Figure 6As shown, this application embodiment also provides an electronic device 600, including a processor 601, a memory 602, and a program or instructions stored in the memory 602 and executable on the processor 601. When the program or instructions are executed by the processor 601, they implement the various processes of the above-described digital tablet display mapping parameter determination method embodiment and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.

[0097] It should be noted that the electronic devices in the embodiments of this application include the mobile electronic devices and non-mobile electronic devices described above.

[0098] Example 6 This application also provides a readable storage medium storing a program or instructions. When the program or instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the various processes of the above-described method for determining the display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, these will not be described again here.

[0099] The processor is the processor in the electronic device described in the above embodiments. The readable storage medium includes computer-readable storage media, such as computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0100] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0101] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a computer software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0102] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

[0103] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment and the technical principles employed in this application. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions that can be made by those skilled in the art will not depart from the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, although this application has been described in detail through the above embodiments, this application is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include more other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of this application, the scope of which is determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the specifications of the graphics tablet and construct a coordinate system for the graphics tablet based on the specifications. When a digit tablet forwarding calibration event is detected, at least two virtual digit tablet click events with different boundary feature points are constructed according to the digit tablet coordinate system, and the click position on the controlled terminal corresponding to the virtual digit tablet click event is obtained. The controlled display area on the controlled terminal is determined based on the click location; The display mapping parameters are determined based on the controlled display area and the digitizer coordinate system; wherein, the display mapping parameters include horizontal mapping ratio, vertical mapping ratio, horizontal offset, and vertical offset.

2. The method for determining the display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The at least two different boundary feature points include a set of diagonal points, and the click position includes a set of diagonal click positions; Accordingly, determining the controlled display area on the controlled terminal based on the click location includes: The controlled display area on the controlled terminal is determined based on the diagonal click position.

3. The method for determining the display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet according to claim 2, characterized in that, The at least two different boundary feature points also include the middle point of the left boundary and the middle point of the right boundary, and the click position also includes the middle click position of the left boundary and the middle click position of the right boundary; Accordingly, determining the controlled display area on the controlled terminal based on the diagonal click position includes: The controlled display area on the controlled terminal is determined based on the diagonal click position, the middle click position of the left boundary, and the middle click position of the right boundary.

4. The method for determining the display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet according to claim 1, characterized in that, After determining the display mapping parameters based on the controlled display area and the digitizer coordinate system, the method further includes: The predicted center click position on the controlled terminal is determined based on the display mapping parameters and the center position of the digitizer coordinate system. A virtual digitizer center click event is constructed based on the center position, and the actual center click position on the controlled terminal corresponding to the virtual digitizer center click event is obtained. The mapping deviation is determined based on the predicted center click position and the actual center click position, and the display mapping parameters are re-determined if the mapping deviation exceeds the preset mapping deviation.

5. The method for determining the display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet according to claim 1, characterized in that, After determining the display mapping parameters based on the controlled display area and the digitizer coordinate system, the method further includes: In response to a user's zoom-in operation, the system obtains the tablet zoom-in distance and the tablet zoom-in center position, and determines the in-game display mapping parameters based on the tablet zoom-in distance, the tablet zoom-in center position, and the display mapping parameters. And / or, In response to a user's zoom-out operation, the system obtains the tablet zoom-out distance and the tablet zoom-out center position, and determines the in-game display mapping parameters based on the tablet zoom-out distance, the tablet zoom-out center position, and the display mapping parameters.

6. The method for determining the display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet according to claim 5, characterized in that, After determining the in-place display mapping parameters, the method further includes: In response to a user's movement operation, the tablet's movement trajectory is obtained, and the controlled display area within the local area is synchronously updated based on the tablet's movement trajectory, the display mapping parameters, and the local display mapping parameters.

7. The method for determining the display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet according to claim 5, characterized in that, After determining the in-place display mapping parameters, the method further includes: If the in-game display mapping parameter is not within the preset in-game display mapping parameter range, the in-game display mapping parameter is adjusted based on the preset in-game display mapping parameter range, and an in-game mapping limit prompt message is generated.

8. A device for determining display mapping parameters of a graphics tablet, characterized in that, The device includes: The coordinate system construction module is used to obtain the specification information of the graphics tablet and construct the coordinate system of the graphics tablet based on the specification information; The click location acquisition module is used to construct at least two virtual digit tablet click events with different boundary feature points according to the digit tablet coordinate system when a digit tablet forwarding calibration event is detected, and to acquire the click location on the controlled terminal corresponding to the virtual digit tablet click event. A controlled area determination module is used to determine the controlled display area on the controlled terminal based on the click position; The mapping parameter determination module is used to determine display mapping parameters based on the controlled display area and the digitizer coordinate system; wherein, the display mapping parameters include horizontal mapping ratio, vertical mapping ratio, horizontal offset, and vertical offset.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor, a memory, and a program or instructions stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the program or instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the method for determining the display mapping parameters of the digitizing tablet as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, The readable storage medium stores a program or instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the method for determining the display mapping parameters of the digitizer as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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