Preparation method of quasi-parallel arrangement structure MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material loaded with RuO2 quantum dots and application thereof in actual level mass loading electrode
By preparing a quasi-parallel arrangement of RuO2 quantum dots in the MXene-rGO composite material, the problem of high volumetric capacitance performance of supercapacitor electrodes under practical horizontal mass loading was solved, achieving efficient electrolyte ion transport and full exposure of electrochemical active sites, thereby improving the capacitance performance and cycle life of the electrode.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- XIANGTAN UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
Under actual horizontal mass loads, it is difficult for supercapacitor electrodes to achieve high volumetric capacitance performance, mainly due to increased ion diffusion resistance, resulting in insufficient ion transport capacity.
A quasi-parallel arrangement structure of MXene-rGO composite material loaded with RuO2 quantum dots was prepared by mixing MXene colloidal solution and GO colloidal solution and heating to gel, forming MXene-rGO hydrogel, which was then reacted with RuCl3 solution and finally annealed in an inert atmosphere to form MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material, ensuring that RuO2 quantum dots are uniformly distributed on two-dimensional nanosheets.
Under real-world high-quality loads, it achieves high volumetric capacitance performance, with a volumetric capacitance of up to 1198.0 F cm⁻³, an active material utilization rate of up to 82.2%, and a cycle life of up to 11,000 cycles, demonstrating excellent rate performance and potential for fast charge and discharge applications.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-dimensional nanomaterials, specifically to a method for preparing a quasi-parallel arrangement structure of MXene-rGO composite material loaded with RuO2 quantum dots and its application in a practical horizontal mass-loaded electrode. Background Technology
[0002] Supercapacitors, as a compensating energy storage device for batteries, have attracted much attention due to their rapid energy storage and excellent cycleability. With the rapid development of miniaturized and portable electronic devices, the volumetric performance of supercapacitors has become a key indicator for evaluating their performance. Currently, high volumetric capacitance performance is mainly achieved with low mass loading (<10 mg cm⁻²) electrodes. However, in practical applications, the electrode mass loading is usually higher than 10 mg cm⁻², and at this point, due to the increased resistance to ion diffusion, it is difficult to maintain the high volumetric capacitance performance achieved under low mass loading. Therefore, obtaining high volumetric capacitance performance under practical mass loading conditions is a highly challenging but realistic goal.
[0003] Under practical mass loading, achieving high volumetric capacitance theoretically requires a proportional increase in ion and electron transport capabilities to support their transport over longer distances. Ion transport performance is particularly critical, as it directly determines the electrolyte penetration depth, thus influencing the effective utilization rate of electrochemically active materials. Therefore, achieving high volumetric capacitance under practical mass loading is essentially a challenge related to electrode material design, rather than a simple scale-up experiment. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the above challenges, this invention provides a method for preparing a quasi-parallel arrangement structure of MXene-rGO composite material loaded with RuO2 quantum dots and applying it to electrodes with actual horizontal mass loading. The main purpose is to solve the problem that electrodes with actual horizontal mass loading are difficult to achieve high volumetric capacitance performance.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:
[0006] This invention provides a method for preparing a quasi-parallel arrangement structure of MXene-rGO composite material loaded with RuO2 quantum dots, comprising the following steps:
[0007] Step 1: Preparation of MXene colloidal solution. Using MAX phase as raw material and acidic salt solution as etchant, MXene slurry is obtained by wet etching. Under an inert atmosphere, the MXene slurry is ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water to obtain MXene colloidal solution.
[0008] Step 2: Preparation of GO colloidal solution. Graphite powder is used as raw material and oxidized under concentrated acid and strong oxidant conditions to generate graphene oxide (GO) slurry. The GO slurry is then ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water to obtain a GO colloidal solution.
[0009] Step 3: Preparation of MXene-rGO hydrogel. The MXene colloidal solution from Step 1 and the GO colloidal solution from Step 2 are mixed evenly to obtain a mixed colloidal solution. NaHSO3 solution is added and the mixture is stirred for 0.5 h. Subsequently, the mixed colloidal solution is heated to gel, thereby obtaining the MXene-rGO hydrogel.
[0010] Step 4: Preparation of MXene-rGO-Ru(OH)3 hydrogel. The MXene-rGO hydrogel was immersed in RuCl3 solution, and then NaOH solution was added to adjust the pH to 7 to obtain MXene-rGO-Ru(OH)3 hydrogel.
[0011] Step 5: Preparation of MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material. After washing and drying the MXene-rGO-Ru(OH)3 hydrogel, it was annealed in an inert atmosphere to obtain the MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material.
[0012] Preferably, the MAX in step one is Ti3AlC2, and more specifically, the particle size of Ti3AlC2 is 400 mesh.
[0013] Preferably, the acidic salt solution etchant in step one is a LiF hydrochloric acid solution, and more specifically, the LiF concentration is 3.9 mol / L and the HCl concentration is 12.0 mol / L.
[0014] Preferably, the MXene mentioned in step one is Ti3C2T. x .
[0015] Preferably, the wet etching conditions in step one are stirring at 35°C for 24 hours.
[0016] Preferably, the wet etching post-treatment in step one is centrifugal washing, which yields MXene slurry.
[0017] Preferably, the inert atmosphere described in step one can be an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen, argon, or vacuum.
[0018] Preferably, the concentrated acid in step two is a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated phosphoric acid. More specifically, the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated phosphoric acid is 60:7, and the ratio of graphite powder to concentrated acid is 1 g of graphite powder added to 67 mL of concentrated acid.
[0019] Preferably, the strong oxidant in step two is potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide. More specifically, the ratio of graphite powder to potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide is 1 g of graphite powder to 3.0 mg of potassium permanganate, 1 mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide.
[0020] Preferably, the graphite powder oxidation conditions in step two are as follows: add concentrated acid to a cold water bath and stir vigorously for 30 minutes, then add potassium permanganate, stir at 50°C for 12 hours, and finally add deionized water and hydrogen peroxide.
[0021] Preferably, the post-oxidation treatment of graphite powder in step two involves washing with dilute hydrochloric acid and then washing with deionized water until neutral to obtain GO slurry.
[0022] Preferably, the mass ratio of MXene to GO in the mixed colloidal solution described in step three is 5:4.
[0023] Preferably, the gelation reaction conditions in step three are 70°C for 30 h.
[0024] Preferably, the concentration of the RuCl3 solution in step four is in the range of 0.5 to 8.0 mg / mL. -1 Furthermore, the optimal concentration of the RuCl3 solution is 4.0 mg / mL. -1 .
[0025] Preferably, the drying in step five can be ordinary drying or vacuum drying, at a temperature of about 60°C.
[0026] Preferably, the inert atmosphere described in step five is an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen, argon, or vacuum.
[0027] Preferably, the annealing conditions in step five are 150°C for 2 hours.
[0028] Preferably, the MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material includes two-dimensional MXene and rGO sheets, and RuO2 quantum dots uniformly loaded on the two-dimensional sheets. Furthermore, the two-dimensional nanosheets exhibit a quasi-parallel arrangement structure, and the RuO2 quantum dots have an average particle size of 1.65 nm.
[0029] Preferably, the MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material is used as an active material in the electrode of a supercapacitor with a practical horizontal mass load.
[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
[0031] 1. The MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material provided by the present invention has a quasi-parallel arrangement structure, which promotes the rapid transport of electrolyte ions and reduces the diffusion limitation of ions in practical high-load electrodes.
[0032] 2. In the MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material provided by the present invention, RuO2 is uniformly distributed in the form of quantum dots on the two-dimensional nanosheets, which ensures the full exposure of electrochemical active sites and helps to obtain higher capacitance performance.
[0033] 3. The MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material provided by this invention achieves excellent volumetric capacitance performance in electrodes with actual mass loading (12-48 mg cm⁻²): the volumetric capacitance is as high as 1198.0 F cm⁻³, and there is no significant decrease with increasing mass loading; the utilization rate of active material is as high as 82.2%; and the cycle life is as long as 11,000 cycles.
[0034] 4. The MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material provided by this invention, when assembled into a symmetrical supercapacitor under actual horizontal mass load, exhibits excellent rate performance and potential for fast charge and discharge applications: the volume capacitance remains stable at approximately 155 F cm⁻³ within a current density range of 16-80 mA cm⁻², and the capacitance is within the range of 0.8-4.6 W cm⁻³. -3 Within the power density range, the energy density remains stable at approximately 21.5 mWh / cm². -3 .
[0035] 5. The method for preparing MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite materials provided by this invention will provide reference value for the directional arrangement structure design of two-dimensional materials and promote the application of two-dimensional materials in the field of energy storage and conversion. Attached Figure Description
[0036] Figure 1 The images shown are SEM images, TEM images, and RuO2 quantum dot particle size distribution of the MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material in Example 1.
[0037] Figure 2 The figure shows the volumetric capacitance performance of MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrodes with different mass loads in Example 2;
[0038] Figure 3 12 mg cm in Example 2 -2 Cyclic performance of mass-loaded MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrode;
[0039] Figure 4 The images show the assembly diagram, electrochemical performance test diagram, and photograph of the symmetrical supercapacitor with the LED light lit in Example 3.
[0040] Figure 5 The image shows a SEM image of the R-MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material in Comparative Example 1.
[0041] Figure 6 The figure shows the volumetric capacitance performance of the R-MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrode in Comparative Example 2;
[0042] Figure 7 SEM and TEM images of the MXene-rGO composite material in Comparative Example 3;
[0043] Figure 8 This is a comparison chart of the capacitance performance of the MXene-rGO electrode in Comparative Example 4 and the MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrode in Example 2; Detailed Implementation
[0044] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. However, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0045] Unless otherwise specified in the embodiments of this invention, conventional conditions shall apply. All raw materials and reagents not specifying manufacturers can be obtained commercially.
[0046] Example 1
[0047] Preparation of a quasi-parallel-arranged MXene-rGO composite material loaded with RuO2 quantum dots. The specific experimental preparation process is as follows:
[0048] Step 1: Preparation of MXene colloidal solution. Using MAX phase as raw material and acidic salt solution as etchant, MXene slurry is obtained by wet etching. Under an inert atmosphere, the MXene slurry is ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water to obtain MXene colloidal solution.
[0049] Step 2: Preparation of GO colloidal solution. Graphite powder is used as raw material and oxidized under concentrated acid and strong oxidant conditions to generate graphene oxide (GO) slurry. The GO slurry is then ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water to obtain a GO colloidal solution.
[0050] Step 3: Preparation of MXene-rGO hydrogel. The MXene colloidal solution from Step 1 and the GO colloidal solution from Step 2 are mixed evenly to obtain a mixed colloidal solution. NaHSO3 solution is added and the mixture is stirred for 0.5 h. Subsequently, the mixed colloidal solution is heated to gel, thereby obtaining the MXene-rGO hydrogel.
[0051] Step 4: Preparation of MXene-rGO-Ru(OH)3 hydrogel. The MXene-rGO hydrogel was immersed in RuCl3 solution, and then NaOH solution was added to adjust the pH to 7 to obtain MXene-rGO-Ru(OH)3 hydrogel.
[0052] Step 5: Preparation of MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material. After washing and drying the MXene-rGO-Ru(OH)3 hydrogel, it was annealed in an inert atmosphere to obtain the MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material.
[0053] Specifically, MAX mentioned in step one is Ti3AlC2 with a particle size of 400 mesh.
[0054] Specifically, the acidic salt solution etching agent mentioned in step one is a LiF hydrochloric acid solution with a LiF concentration of 3.9 mol / L and an HCl concentration of 12.0 mol / L.
[0055] Specifically, the MXene mentioned in step one is Ti3C2T. x .
[0056] Specifically, the wet etching conditions described in step one are stirring at 35°C for 24 hours.
[0057] Specifically, the post-wet etching treatment described in step one is centrifugal washing, which yields MXene slurry.
[0058] Specifically, the inert atmosphere in step one is argon, the sonication time is 1 h, and the concentration of the resulting MXene colloidal solution is 1.0 mg·mL. -1 .
[0059] Specifically, the concentrated acid mentioned in step two is a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated phosphoric acid, with a volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated phosphoric acid of 60:7. The ratio of graphite powder to concentrated acid is 1 g of graphite powder added to 67 mL of concentrated acid.
[0060] Specifically, the strong oxidizing agent mentioned in step two is potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide. The ratio of graphite powder to potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide is 1 g of graphite powder to 3.0 mg of potassium permanganate, 1 mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide.
[0061] Specifically, the graphite powder oxidation conditions in step two are as follows: add concentrated acid to a cold water bath and stir vigorously for 30 minutes, then add potassium permanganate, stir at 50°C for 12 hours, and finally add deionized water and hydrogen peroxide.
[0062] Specifically, the post-oxidation treatment of graphite powder in step two involves first washing with dilute hydrochloric acid, and then washing with deionized water until neutral, thus obtaining GO slurry.
[0063] Specifically, the sonication time in step two is 2 hours, and the concentration of the resulting GO colloidal solution is 2.0 mg·mL. -1 .
[0064] Specifically, in step three, the volume of MXene colloidal solution used is 10 mL, and the volume of GO colloidal solution is 4 mL.
[0065] Specifically, the gelation reaction conditions described in step three are 70°C for 30 hours.
[0066] Specifically, the concentration of the RuCl3 solution in step four is 4.0 mg / mL. -1 .
[0067] Specifically, the drying conditions described in step five are vacuum drying at 60°C.
[0068] Specifically, the annealing conditions described in step five are 150°C in an argon atmosphere for 2 hours.
[0069] In this embodiment, the MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material includes two-dimensional MXene, rGO sheets, and RuO2. (See attached image) Figure 1 The images shown are scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, transmission electron microscope (TEM) images, and RuO2 quantum dot particle size distributions of the MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material described in this embodiment. It can be seen that the two-dimensional nanosheets exhibit a quasi-parallel arrangement structure, and the RuO2 quantum dots are uniformly loaded on the two-dimensional sheets. The average particle size of the RuO2 quantum dots is 1.65 nm.
[0070] Example 2
[0071] This embodiment provides a series of MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrodes under practical horizontal mass loading as supercapacitor electrodes. The preparation method of the MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrode includes:
[0072] 1. A mixed slurry was prepared by mechanical mixing using MXene-rGO-RuO2 as the active material, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the conductive agent, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as the binder, and ethanol as the medium.
[0073] 2. The mixed slurry described in step 1 is rolled into a film using a mechanical rolling method;
[0074] 3. Cut the film slurry described in step 2 into circular pieces with a diameter of 5 mm or rectangular pieces with a diameter of 1 × 1 cm², and obtain the MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrode after vacuum drying.
[0075] Specifically, the PTFE binder mentioned in section 1 is a 60 wt% water emulsion, and the mass ratio of active material, conductive agent and binder is 8:1:1.
[0076] Specifically, the mechanical film rolling method described in section 2 can adjust the thickness of the rolled film by controlling the rolling force, thereby controlling the mass loading of active substances.
[0077] Specifically, the vacuum drying conditions described in section 3 are 60°C for 24 h, and the mass loading of the MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrode is 12, 24, 36, and 48 mg cm⁻¹. -2 .
[0078] The MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrodes with varying mass loading levels provided in this embodiment exhibit excellent volumetric capacitance performance, high active material utilization, and ultra-long cycle life. The volumetric capacitance reaches 1198.0 F cm⁻³, and shows no significant decrease with increasing mass loading (see attached figure). Figure 2 (As shown); the utilization rate of active materials is as high as 82.2%; the cycle life is as long as 11,000 cycles (as shown in the attached document). Figure 3 (As shown).
[0079] Example 3
[0080] This embodiment provides a method based on 12 mg cm -2 A symmetrical supercapacitor with a mass-loaded MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrode. The fabrication process of the symmetrical supercapacitor is as follows: using two 1 × 1 cm² rectangular MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrodes as described in Example 1 as electrodes, 1 M H2SO4 solution as electrolyte, a supercapacitor-specific aqueous separator as separator, and a titanium sheet as current collector, the separator is sandwiched between the two MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrodes to assemble a symmetrical supercapacitor.
[0081] The supercapacitor provided in this embodiment exhibits excellent volumetric capacitance performance, rate capability, and potential for rapid charge and discharge applications, reaching an advanced level for practical-grade mass-load supercapacitors. (Appendix) Figure 4 The diagram shows the assembly schematic, cyclic voltammetry curves, constant current charge-discharge curves, AC impedance diagram, Ragone plot, and a photograph of three supercapacitors connected in series lighting an LED. These images demonstrate the excellent volumetric capacitance performance of the supercapacitor, within the range of 16-80 mA cm⁻¹. -2 Within the current density range, the volume capacitance remains stable at approximately 310 F cm⁻¹. -3 , in the range of 0.8-4.6 Wcm -3 Within the power density range, the energy density remains at approximately 21.5 mWh / cm². -3 Furthermore, three supercapacitors connected in series can power an LED light and keep it lit for more than 3 minutes.
[0082] Comparative Example 1
[0083] This comparative example provides an R-MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material. The preparation method of the R-MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material in this comparative example is roughly the same as that in Example 1, except that:
[0084] Since no MXene-rGO hydrogel structure was formed, steps three and four were combined into one step: the MXene colloidal solution, GO colloidal solution, RuCl3 solution and NaHSO3 solution were directly mixed evenly and then heated.
[0085] In step five, the R-MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material was prepared.
[0086] The R-MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material provided in this comparative example includes two-dimensional MXene, rGO sheets, and RuO2. (See attached image) Figure 5 The image shows a SEM image of the R-MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material described in this comparative example. It can be seen that the two-dimensional nanosheets are arranged randomly, and the RuO2 particles exhibit agglomeration.
[0087] Comparative Example 2
[0088] This comparative example provides a series of R-MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrodes under practical horizontal mass loading as supercapacitor electrodes. The preparation method of the R-MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrodes is largely the same as that in Example 2, except that:
[0089] Replace the active substance in Example 1 with R-MXene-rGO-RuO2 from Comparative Example 1.
[0090] 3. The resulting R-MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrodes were obtained under a series of actual horizontal mass loads.
[0091] The volumetric capacitance performance of the R-MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrode provided in this comparative example is shown in the attached figure. Figure 6 As shown, the volumetric capacitance of the R-MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrode is significantly lower than that of Example 2, and the volumetric capacitance decreases with increasing mass loading. In contrast, the volumetric capacitance of the MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrode in Example 2 is as high as 1198.0 F cm⁻³, and it does not decrease significantly with increasing mass loading. The quasi-parallel two-dimensional nanosheet structure formed with the aid of hydrogel structure provides a rapid ion transport channel for electrolytes, solving the ion diffusion limitation problem in practical thick electrodes, and demonstrating the significant importance of this invention for practical electrochemical energy storage.
[0092] Comparative Example 3
[0093] This comparative example provides an MXene-rGO composite material. The preparation method of the MXene-rGO composite material in this comparative example is roughly the same as that in Example 1, except that:
[0094] Steps four and five as described in Example 1 are not included.
[0095] The MXene-rGO hydrogel obtained in step three was directly dried to obtain the MXene-rGO composite material.
[0096] The MXene-rGO composite material provided in this comparative example includes two-dimensional MXene and rGO sheets. (See attached image.) Figure 7 The images shown are SEM and TEM images of the MXene-rGO composite material described in this comparative example. It can be seen that the two-dimensional nanosheets have an intertwined structure.
[0097] Comparative Example 4
[0098] This comparative example provides an MXene-rGO electrode under actual horizontal mass loading as a supercapacitor electrode. The preparation method of the MXene-rGO electrode is largely the same as that in Example 2, except that:
[0099] Replace the active ingredient in Example 1 with MXene-rGO from Comparative Example 3.
[0100] 3. The obtained electrode is an MXene-rGO electrode under a real-world mass load.
[0101] The capacitance performance comparison chart between the MXene-rGO electrode provided in this comparative example and the MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrode in Example 2 is attached. Figure 8 As shown, the MXene-rGO-RuO2 electrode of Example 2 exhibits better capacitance performance, electrolyte ion diffusion performance, and higher utilization rate of active materials. The introduction of uniformly distributed RuO2 quantum dot heterodimensional nanomaterials not only provides ample pseudocapacitive active sites, but more importantly, during its preparation, the synergistic effect of hydrogen bonding and decreased mechanical flexibility induces a quasi-parallel oriented arrangement of the two-dimensional MXene and rGO sheets, thereby improving the electrolyte ion diffusion performance. This is of great significance for practical thick-electrode electrochemical energy storage.
[0102] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a quasi-parallel arrangement structure of MXene-rGO composite material loaded with RuO2 quantum dots, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of MXene colloidal solution. Using MAX phase as raw material and acidic salt solution as etchant, MXene slurry is obtained by wet etching. Under an inert atmosphere, the MXene slurry is ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water to obtain MXene colloidal solution. Step 2: Preparation of GO colloidal solution. Graphite powder is used as raw material and oxidized under concentrated acid and strong oxidant conditions to generate graphene oxide (GO) slurry. The GO slurry is then ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water to obtain a GO colloidal solution. Step 3: Preparation of MXene-rGO hydrogel. The MXene colloidal solution and the GO colloidal solution were mixed evenly to obtain a mixed colloidal solution. NaHSO3 solution was added and the mixture was stirred for 0.5 h. Subsequently, the mixed colloidal solution was heated to gel, yielding the MXene-rGO hydrogel. Step 4: Preparation of MXene-rGO-Ru(OH)3 hydrogel. The MXene-rGO hydrogel was immersed in RuCl3 solution, and then NaOH solution was added to adjust the pH to 7 to obtain MXene-rGO hydrogel loaded with Ru(OH)3. Step 5: Preparation of MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material. After washing and drying the MXene-rGO-Ru(OH)3 hydrogel, it was annealed in an inert atmosphere to obtain the MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials include MXene, GO and RuCl3, wherein the MXene is Ti3C2Tx.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the MXene colloidal solution includes first adding lithium fluoride (LiF) to hydrochloric acid, and after the LiF is completely dissolved, slowly adding Ti3AlC2, stirring at 35°C for 24-48 h, followed by washing and centrifugation multiple times to obtain Ti3C2Tx MXene slurry. The MXene slurry is then ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water to obtain the MXene colloidal solution.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the GO colloidal solution includes first adding graphite powder to a beaker placed in a cold water bath, then slowly adding concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated phosphoric acid while stirring vigorously for 30 minutes. Potassium permanganate is then added, and the mixture is heated and stirred for 12 hours, followed by the addition of deionized water and hydrogen peroxide. After centrifugation, the resulting solid is first washed with hydrochloric acid, then washed with deionized water until the pH of the supernatant is close to 7. Finally, the resulting solid is ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water to obtain the GO colloidal solution.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inert atmosphere is a nitrogen atmosphere.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the heating temperature is 50-80℃ and the heating time is 15-40 h. Preferably, the heating temperature is 70℃ and the heating time is 30 h.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration range of the RuCl3 solution in step three is 0.5 to 8.0 mg / mL. -1 Preferably, the RuCl3 solution concentration is 4.0 mg / mL. -1 .
8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step four, the annealing temperature is 100℃-200℃, and the time is 1-2 hours. Preferably, the annealing temperature is 150℃, and the time is 2 hours.
9. The quasi-parallel arrangement structure MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material with RuO2 quantum dots prepared by the preparation method according to claims 1-8 comprises a two-dimensional MXene layer, an rGO sheet, and RuO2 quantum dots distributed on the two nanolayers, wherein the two-dimensional nanosheets exhibit a quasi-parallel arrangement structure. The RuO2 quantum dots are uniformly distributed on the two-dimensional nanosheets, with an average particle size of 1.65 nm.
10. The application of a quasi-parallel arrangement structure of MXene-rGO composite material loaded with RuO2 quantum dots in a practical horizontal mass-loaded electrode, characterized in that, The MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material prepared according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or the MXene-rGO-RuO2 composite material according to claim 9 is used as an electrode material for a supercapacitor with a practical horizontal mass load.