A device for rapid sorting of uranium-containing contaminated sand

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of nuclear pollution treatment equipment, and particularly relates to a rapid sorting device for uranium-containing contaminated sand, which comprises sequentially connected feeding assembly, detection assembly and distribution assembly, the feeding assembly completes sand crushing and uniform feeding, the detection assembly realizes online detection of uranium elements by adopting X-ray fluorescence analysis technology, the distribution assembly completes automatic sorting through reversible conveying belt, and the whole is integrated in a standard container; the whole-process continuous automatic sorting of sand is realized, the detection cycle is greatly shortened, the sorting efficiency and detection accuracy are significantly improved, the radiation exposure risk of personnel is reduced, the device has high integration degree, is convenient to transfer and deploy, is suitable for multi-site treatment requirements, and effectively realizes the minimization of radioactive waste treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear contamination treatment equipment technology, and in particular to a rapid sorting device for uranium-contaminated sand. Background Technology

[0002] In uranium-contaminated sand remediation projects, due to the enormous amount of waste generated, it is necessary to separate and effectively sort the radioactive contaminated soil from the clean soil in order to minimize waste disposal and ensure site safety.

[0003] Existing conventional sorting methods mainly rely on manual methods to clean and physically collect contaminated soil layer by layer on-site, followed by multi-point sampling, and then sending the samples to specialized analytical institutions to determine their specific radioactivity.

[0004] This operational model, which relies on offline sampling and laboratory measurements, suffers from extremely low processing efficiency and excessively long feedback cycles. It cannot directly connect with the excavation and treatment progress of large volumes of sand and soil on site, resulting in a large accumulation of sand and soil awaiting treatment, which severely restricts the overall progress of radioactive waste remediation projects at uranium contaminated sites. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a rapid sorting device for uranium-contaminated sand, which aims to solve the problem that existing technologies make it difficult to achieve rapid sorting of uranium-contaminated sand on-site.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a rapid sorting device for uranium-contaminated sand, the device comprising: The feeding assembly includes a pretreatment hopper and a main conveyor belt. The output end of the pretreatment hopper is connected to the input end of the main conveyor belt. The pretreatment hopper is used to pretreat sand and soil and discharge it onto the main conveyor belt. The detection component includes a support bracket and a detection unit mounted on the support bracket, the detection unit being used to detect sand on the main conveyor belt; The material sorting component is located at the discharge end of the main conveyor belt. The material sorting component includes multiple secondary conveyor belts with different conveying directions. The inlet end of the secondary conveyor belt is connected to the discharge end of the main conveyor belt to sort sand and soil with different detection results.

[0007] Optionally, the feeding assembly further includes a support base, a guide beam, and a screw feeder; The support base is mounted on the guide rail beam, and the pretreatment hopper and the screw feeder are both mounted on the guide rail beam. The output end of the pretreatment hopper is connected to the input end of the main conveyor belt through the screw feeder. A support foot cup is provided below the support base.

[0008] Optionally, a first crushing auger is provided inside the pretreatment hopper, and a motor is also provided on the support base. The output end of the motor is connected to the first crushing auger and / or a screw feeder.

[0009] Optionally, a baffle is provided above the main conveyor belt, and the surface of the baffle is perpendicular to the moving direction of the main conveyor belt; The side of the baffle is connected to a knob and a scale, so as to adjust the lifting gap between the bottom edge of the baffle and the surface of the main conveyor belt by means of the knob and the scale. Both sides of the main conveyor belt are provided with inwardly curved rolled edges.

[0010] Optionally, the detection unit includes an X-ray shielding unit, an X-ray unit, a silicon drift detector, and an X-ray imaging detector; The X-ray shielding unit is fixed on the support bracket, and the X-ray device, the silicon drift detector, and the X-ray imaging detector are all housed in the detection cavity inside the X-ray shielding device.

[0011] Optionally, the X-ray shielding device comprises a layered structure of at least three layers.

[0012] Optionally, the silicon drift detector includes multiple probes arranged in a linear array along a straight line perpendicular to the direction of movement of the main conveyor belt.

[0013] Optionally, a collimator for beam limiting is installed at the X-ray exit of the X-ray device, and the exit port of the collimator is covered with a silver film; The inlet of the silicon drift detector is covered with an aluminum film.

[0014] Optionally, the secondary conveyor belt includes secondary conveyor belt I, secondary conveyor belt II, and secondary conveyor belt III; The feed end of the secondary conveyor belt I is connected to the discharge end of the main conveyor belt, the first discharge direction of the secondary conveyor belt I is connected to the feed end of the secondary conveyor belt II, and the second discharge direction of the secondary conveyor belt I is connected to the feed end of the secondary conveyor belt III. The output end of the secondary conveyor belt II is provided with a second material distribution port, and the output end of the secondary conveyor belt III is provided with a first material distribution port.

[0015] Optionally, the device further includes a container, and the feeding assembly, the feeding component, and the feeding component are all integrated and installed in the internal space of the container.

[0016] The beneficial effects that this invention can achieve are as follows: This invention constructs a complete operation system integrating sand pretreatment, online real-time detection, and automated sorting by sequentially connecting and coordinating the feeding component, detection component, and sorting component. It replaces the traditional manual layer-by-layer cleaning, sampling and testing, and manual sorting operation mode, and solves the defects of insufficient representativeness of sampling and testing, long laboratory testing cycle, and low sorting efficiency in the existing technology. It can realize continuous and large-scale sorting of uranium-contaminated sand and greatly improve the overall progress efficiency of radioactive waste treatment projects at uranium-contaminated sites. Furthermore, by using the continuous and uniform speed conveyor belt for transport, combined with the online full-coverage detection of the detection components, all sand and soil during the transport process can be continuously detected. This avoids the problem in traditional sampling and detection modes where the limited number of sampling points means that the samples cannot represent the overall radioactivity level of the area. This significantly improves the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the detection results, ensuring the precise separation of contaminated and clean sand and soil, and achieving the goal of minimizing the treatment of radioactive waste. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the sorting device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure label: 1-Pre-treatment hopper; 2-First crushing auger; 3-Motor; 4-Support feet; 5-Support base; 6-Screw feeder; 7-Guide beam; 8-Second crushing auger; 9-Dust cover; 10-Baffle; 11-Scale; 12-Viewing window; 13-Main conveyor belt; 14-X-ray shielding unit; 15-X-ray unit; 16-Silicon drift detector; 17-Collimator; 18-X-ray imaging detector; 19-Support tripod; 20-PLC system; 21-Secondary conveyor belt I; 22-Secondary conveyor belt II; 23-Secondary conveyor belt III; 24-First material distribution port; 25-Secondary material distribution port; 26-Office area; 27-Computer; 28-Power distribution cabinet; 29-Air conditioner; 30-Container.

[0019] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0022] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0024] Example: As attached Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a rapid sorting device for uranium-contaminated sand, the device comprising: The feeding assembly includes a pretreatment hopper 1 and a main conveyor belt 13. The output end of the pretreatment hopper 1 is connected to the input end of the main conveyor belt 13. The pretreatment hopper 1 is used to pretreat sand and soil and discharge it onto the main conveyor belt 13. The detection component includes a support bracket and a detection unit mounted on the support bracket, the detection unit being used to detect sand on the main conveyor belt 13; The material sorting component is located at the discharge end of the main conveyor belt 13. The material sorting component includes multiple secondary conveyor belts with different conveying directions. The inlet end of the secondary conveyor belt is connected to the discharge end of the main conveyor belt 13 to sort sand and soil with different detection results.

[0025] It should be noted that the discharge port of the pretreatment hopper 1 is located above the input end of the main conveyor belt 13, so that the sand processed by the pretreatment hopper 1 can fall stably onto the surface of the main conveyor belt 13. The pretreatment hopper 1 is used to receive and sort uranium-contaminated sand and to crush the sand entering the hopper, breaking large-diameter sand lumps into fine-grained sand that meets the detection requirements, thus avoiding large-diameter sand from affecting the subsequent detection accuracy and conveying stability. The pretreated sand continuously falls from the output end of the pretreatment hopper 1 to the input end of the main conveyor belt 13. The main conveyor belt 13 adopts a horizontal uniform speed conveying operation mode, which can stably convey the sand falling onto the belt surface to the subsequent detection station at a preset conveying speed, providing a stable conveying foundation for the online detection of sand and ensuring that the sand can complete accurate and continuous detection operations at the detection station.

[0026] As the core detection component of the device, the detection unit is fixedly installed on the frame of the main conveyor belt 13 using a portal frame structure, spanning across the conveying path of the main conveyor belt 13. The bottom of the support bracket is rigidly connected to the frame of the main conveyor belt 13 by fasteners, which can effectively offset the vibration generated during the operation of the device and provide a stable installation benchmark for the detection unit. The detection unit is installed on the crossbeam of the support bracket by fasteners. The detection working surface of the detection unit is set facing the belt surface of the main conveyor belt 13, and a relatively constant vertical distance is maintained between the detection working surface and the belt surface of the main conveyor belt 13. It can perform full-coverage, uninterrupted real-time online detection of the sand continuously conveyed on the main conveyor belt 13, accurately obtain the relevant radioactive data of uranium element in the sand, and provide a basis for judgment in subsequent sorting operations.

[0027] The material sorting assembly is located at the discharge end of the main conveyor belt 13. The material sorting assembly includes multiple secondary conveyor belts with different conveying directions. Their inlet ends are precisely connected to the discharge end of the main conveyor belt 13. The sand conveyed by the main conveyor belt 13 can enter the inlet end of the secondary conveyor belts. The multiple secondary conveyor belts are assembled in a switchable connection method. According to the detection results output by the detection component, the conveying direction of the secondary conveyor belts can be switched accordingly, so that uranium-contaminated sand with different radioactivity levels can be conveyed along different conveying paths and finally enter the corresponding collection station, realizing the automated classification and sorting of sand with different levels of contamination.

[0028] In addition, a collimator 17 is coaxially fixed at the X-ray exit of the X-ray device. The internal channel of the collimator 17 is coaxially aligned with the X-ray emission channel of the X-ray device, which can limit and collimate the initial X-ray emitted by the X-ray device, precisely constraining the emission range and angle of the X-ray. This allows the X-rays to be concentrated into the sand on the main conveyor belt 13, avoiding energy loss caused by X-ray divergence and significantly improving the excitation reaction efficiency between the X-rays and uranium in the sand. The exit end face of the collimator 17 is tightly covered with a silver film, which is fixed to the exit end face of the collimator 17 by bonding or pressing. This allows for energy spectrum optimization of the emitted X-rays, enhancing the characteristic X-rays of uranium. The excitation efficiency of the X-rays is improved, thereby enhancing the detection sensitivity and detection limit of the detection unit for uranium in sand, and adapting to the detection requirements of sand contaminated with low-activity uranium. At the same time, the inlet end face of the silicon drift detector 16 in the detection unit is tightly covered with an aluminum film. The aluminum film is stably connected to the probe end face of the silicon drift detector 16 through a fixing structure. This can effectively protect the detector probe from dust without affecting the penetration efficiency of the characteristic X-rays of uranium. It prevents dust generated during the sand transportation process from entering the probe and avoids problems such as decreased detection accuracy and component damage caused by dust adhering to the probe's photosensitive element. This ensures the operational stability of the detector and the accuracy of the detection data during long-term continuous operation.

[0029] Based on the above structure, the overall working principle of the sorting device in this embodiment is as follows: the uranium-contaminated sand to be sorted first enters the pretreatment hopper 1 of the feeding assembly. After being crushed and pretreated by the pretreatment hopper 1, it continuously falls from the output end of the pretreatment hopper 1 to the input end of the main conveyor belt 13. The main conveyor belt 13 uniformly transports the sand falling onto the belt surface to the detection station of the detection assembly. The detection unit performs real-time online detection of the sand during the transportation process, using X-rays to excite the uranium element in the sand to generate characteristic X-rays, and receives the characteristic X-rays through the detector. The data is converted into corresponding detection data to complete the real-time detection of the radioactivity level of uranium in the sand. After the detection is completed, the sand continues to be transported to the discharge end by the main conveyor belt 13 and enters the feed end of the secondary conveyor belt of the sorting component. The sorting component compares the detection data output by the detection component with the preset pollution judgment value and controls the multiple secondary conveyor belts to switch to the matching conveying direction accordingly. The contaminated sand with excessive radioactivity and the clean sand with acceptable radioactivity are transported to different collection stations respectively, completing the automated, continuous and rapid sorting operation of uranium-containing contaminated sand.

[0030] In summary, the sorting device in this embodiment, through the sequential connection and coordinated operation of the feeding component, the detection component, and the distributing component, constructs a complete operating system integrating sand pretreatment, online real-time detection, and automated sorting. It replaces the traditional manual layer-by-layer cleaning, sampling and testing, and manual sorting operation mode, and solves the defects of insufficient representativeness of sampling and testing, long laboratory testing cycle, and low sorting efficiency in the existing technology. It can realize continuous and large-scale sorting of uranium-contaminated sand and greatly improve the overall progress efficiency of radioactive waste remediation projects at uranium-contaminated sites.

[0031] Secondly, the continuous and uniform conveying of the main conveyor belt 13, combined with the online full-coverage detection of the detection components, enables uninterrupted detection of all sand and soil during the conveying process. This avoids the problem in traditional sampling and detection modes where the limited number of sampling points prevents the samples from representing the overall radioactivity level of the area. It significantly improves the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the detection results, ensuring the precise separation of contaminated and clean sand and soil, and achieving the goal of minimizing the treatment of radioactive waste.

[0032] Finally, the sorting component adopts a multi-segment, switchable conveyor belt structure, which can automatically switch the conveying path according to the detection data, realizing the automated classification and collection of sand with different levels of contamination. The entire sorting process requires no manual intervention, significantly reducing the labor intensity of on-site personnel and effectively reducing the contact time between personnel and radioactive contaminated sand, thus significantly improving the radiation protection safety of on-site operations. In addition, the matching structural design of the collimator 17, silver film, and aluminum film in the detection unit has comprehensively optimized the detection performance from three dimensions: radiation excitation, radiation reception, and probe protection. The collimator 17's beam-limiting collimation effect improves the utilization efficiency and excitation accuracy of X-rays. The silver film effectively improves the excitation efficiency of uranium element characteristic X-rays, broadening the device's adaptability to the detection of low-activity uranium contaminated sand. The aluminum film, without affecting the detection efficiency, effectively protects the detector probe, ensuring the stability and detection accuracy of the device during long-term continuous operation. The three work together to provide reliable core support for the device's accurate detection and sorting, further improving the overall operational reliability and sorting accuracy of the device.

[0033] In this embodiment, the feeding assembly further includes a support base 5, a guide beam 7, and a screw feeder 6; The support base 5 is mounted on the guide rail beam 7. The pretreatment hopper 1 and the screw feeder 6 are both mounted on the guide rail beam 7. The output end of the pretreatment hopper 1 is connected to the input end of the main conveyor belt 13 through the screw feeder 6. A support foot cup 4 is provided below the support base 5.

[0034] It should be noted that the guide beam 7 is fixedly installed on the support base 5, and the pretreatment hopper 1 is slidably assembled on the guide beam 7, which can slide and extend along the extension direction of the guide beam 7. The screw feeder 6 is fixed at the end of the guide beam 7, and its feed end is connected to the discharge port of the pretreatment hopper 1. The discharge end extends to the top of the input end of the main conveyor belt 13, thereby realizing the conveying connection between the pretreatment hopper 1 and the input end of the main conveyor belt 13. Support feet 4 are installed under the support base 5 for leveling and fixing the device.

[0035] It should also be noted that when the device is in transit mode, the pretreatment hopper 1 can be retracted inward along the guide beam 7, reducing the overall space occupied by the feeding components and adapting to the integrated installation requirements within the container 30. When the device enters the operating state, the pretreatment hopper 1 can be pulled outward along the guide beam 7 to facilitate feeding operations. The support feet 4 can be adjusted by rotating to adjust the height of each support, adapting to working sites with different flatness, and leveling and fixing the entire device. The sand and soil crushed by the pretreatment hopper 1 are uniformly conveyed to the main conveyor belt 13 by the screw conveyor 6, ensuring uniform and stable sand and soil discharge. Based on the above structure, on the one hand, the pretreatment hopper 1 can be extended and retracted to meet the needs of overall device transfer and rapid on-site deployment. On the other hand, the screw feeder 6 realizes quantitative and uniform feeding of sand and soil, avoiding the accumulation and uneven thickness of sand and soil on the main conveyor belt 13, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent detection data. The support feet 4 can quickly complete the leveling and fixing of the device, adapting to the working conditions of different outdoor sites. At the same time, it can reduce the impact of vibration generated by the device operation on the detection elements, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0036] In this embodiment, a first crushing auger 2 is provided in the pretreatment hopper 1, and a motor 3 is also provided on the support base 5. The output end of the motor 3 is connected to the first crushing auger 2 and / or the screw feeder 6.

[0037] Understandably, the two ends of the first crushing auger 2 are rotatably assembled with the inner walls of both sides of the pretreatment hopper 1 through bearing seats. The auger blades are continuously arranged along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, which is adapted to the internal cavity structure of the pretreatment hopper 1. The motor 3 mounting seat is fixed on the support base 5 by bolts. The motor 3 is rigidly fixed on the mounting seat to ensure the stability of the installation reference during operation. The output end of the motor 3 can be connected to the rotating shaft end of the first crushing auger 2 and the drive shaft end of the screw feeder 6 through a coupling, transmission chain or reduction gearbox, respectively. Depending on the actual working conditions on site, the motor 3 can be selected to drive the first crushing auger 2 alone, drive the screw feeder 6 alone, or drive the first crushing auger 2 and the screw feeder 6 simultaneously.

[0038] It is also understandable that during device operation, the power output by motor 3 is transmitted to the corresponding components through the transmission structure. When driving the first crushing auger 2 to rotate, the auger blades rotate synchronously with the shaft, squeezing, shearing, and grinding the sand to be sorted that enters the pretreatment hopper 1, breaking large-diameter sand lumps into uniform fine sand particles, preventing large-diameter materials from entering the subsequent conveying stage and causing jamming. When motor 3 simultaneously drives the screw conveyor 6 to operate, the sand crushing operation and the conveying operation can be synchronized. The sand crushed by the first crushing auger 2 falls directly into the feeding chamber of the screw conveyor 6 and is uniformly conveyed to the main conveyor belt 13 with the rotation of the screw blades, ensuring that the rhythm of the crushing and conveying processes is matched, and preventing the sand from accumulating in the pretreatment hopper 1 or the screw conveyor 6 from experiencing material interruption. The operating status of motor 3 can be linked with the device's PLC system. When the first crushing auger 2 experiences material jamming, the PLC... The system can control motor 3 to rotate in the opposite direction, driving the first crushing auger 2 to rotate in the opposite direction, discharging the stuck large pieces of material, and then resume normal rotation after the jamming is cleared.

[0039] In this embodiment, a baffle 10 is provided above the main conveyor belt, and the surface of the baffle 10 is perpendicular to the moving direction of the main conveyor belt 13. The side of the baffle 10 is connected to a knob and a scale 11, so as to adjust the lifting gap between the bottom edge of the baffle 10 and the surface of the main conveyor belt 13 by means of the knob and the scale 11. Both sides of the main conveyor belt 13 are provided with inwardly curved rolled edges.

[0040] Understandably, during on-site operations, operators can rotate the adjustment knobs on both sides according to the actual particle size of the sand to be sorted and the preset processing volume. Through the threaded transmission, the baffle 10 is driven to move vertically up and down along the mounting plate. The gap between the baffle 10 and the belt surface is precisely adjusted according to the scale of the ruler 11. When the sand conveyed by the main conveyor belt 13 passes under the baffle 10, the sand exceeding the gap height will be smoothly scraped flat by the baffle 10, so that the sand after passing through the baffle 10 forms a uniform material layer on the main conveyor belt 13. The rolled edges on both sides of the main conveyor belt 13 form a continuous barrier throughout the sand conveying process, preventing the sand from spilling from both sides of the belt surface.

[0041] In this embodiment, the detection unit includes an X-ray shielding unit 14, an X-ray unit 15, a silicon drift detector 16, and an X-ray imaging detector 18. The X-ray shielding unit 14 is fixed on the support bracket, and the X-ray device, the silicon drift detector 16 and the X-ray imaging detector 18 are all housed in the detection cavity inside the X-ray shielding device.

[0042] It should be noted that the X-ray shielding unit 14 adopts a closed cavity structure and can be rigidly fixed to the crossbeam of the support bracket by high-strength bolts. The support bracket spans the conveying path of the main conveyor belt 13, so that the X-ray shielding unit 14 is suspended directly above the surface of the main conveyor belt 13. The bottom of the X-ray shielding unit 14 has a passage opening that matches the width of the main conveyor belt 13. The main conveyor belt 13 can smoothly carry sand through the detection area corresponding to the passage opening. The interior of the X-ray shielding unit 14 forms a sealed detection cavity. The X-ray device is installed at the top of the detection cavity by a fixed support, with its radiation emitting end facing the surface of the main conveyor belt 13 vertically. The silicon drift detector 16 and the X-ray imaging detector 18 are fixed side by side inside the detection cavity by matching mounting bases. The detection working surfaces of both face the surface of the main conveyor belt 13, corresponding to the emission area of ​​the X-ray device. The relative installation positions of each component are precisely calibrated during assembly and then fixed.

[0043] During operation, the main conveyor belt 13 continuously transports pre-treated and evenly spread sand to the passageway below the X-ray shielding unit 14. After the sand enters the detection area corresponding to the detection chamber, the X-rays emitted by the X-ray device directly irradiate the sand layer, reacting with the uranium element in the sand to generate characteristic X-rays. The silicon drift detector 16 receives the generated characteristic X-rays in real time and converts the radiation signal into a processable electrical signal, which is then transmitted to the control unit. Simultaneously, the X-ray imaging detector 18 collects the radiation imaging data of the irradiated area and transmits it to the control unit for auxiliary analysis.

[0044] In this embodiment, the X-ray shielding device comprises at least three layers. These layers are bonded together by pressing and bolting to form a complete shell for the X-ray shielding device. The inner and outer layers are made of steel plates, while the middle layer is made of lead plates. The layers are tightly fitted without gaps, and the joints between the shell plates use a stepped overlapping structure to prevent radiation leakage from the seams. The entire shielding device is rigidly fixed to a support bracket by bolts, forming a closed detection chamber that completely encloses the X-ray device, the silicon drift detector 16, and the X-ray imaging detector 18.

[0045] In this embodiment, the silicon drift detector 16 includes multiple probes, which are arranged in a linear array along a straight line perpendicular to the moving direction of the main conveyor belt 13.

[0046] Understandably, multiple probes are rigidly mounted sequentially on the mounting beam inside the X-ray shielding unit 14 via matching mounting brackets. The mounting beam is horizontally positioned perpendicular to the direction of movement of the main conveyor belt 13, completely spanning the effective conveying width of the main conveyor belt 13. The detection working surfaces of all probes are vertically facing the surface of the main conveyor belt 13, and each probe maintains a uniform vertical distance from the surface of the belt. The detection coverage areas of adjacent probes have continuous overlapping areas. The overall detection coverage width of the combination of multiple probes is perfectly matched with the effective conveying width of the main conveyor belt 13. Each probe is connected to the multi-channel data acquisition module of the control unit via a shielded signal cable. The signal acquisition timing of all probes is synchronized and linked to the running speed of the main conveyor belt 13.

[0047] In this embodiment, a collimator 17 for beam limiting is installed at the ray outlet of the X-ray device, and the ray outlet of the collimator 17 is covered with a silver film. The inlet of the silicon drift detector 16 is covered with an aluminum film.

[0048] Understandably, the collimator 17 is rigidly connected to the X-ray emission window of the X-ray device via a flange structure. During assembly, coaxiality calibration is performed to ensure that the internal beam-limiting channel of the collimator 17 is completely aligned with the X-ray emission center of the X-ray device. The X-ray outlet of the collimator 17 is set vertically toward the surface of the main conveyor belt 13. The silver film is flatly attached to the X-ray outlet end face of the collimator 17 through a pressing structure. At each probe inlet of the silicon drift detector 16, an aluminum film is flatly covered by a special sealing bracket. The aluminum film completely wraps the effective detection window of the probe, forming a stable sealed protection structure.

[0049] The initial X-ray emitted by the X-ray device first enters the internal beam-limiting channel of the collimator 17. The collimator 17 effectively blocks the divergent stray rays through the inner wall of the channel, retaining only the effective rays propagating along the central axis, precisely constraining the irradiation range of the rays, so that the X-ray beam completely covers the sand layer on the main conveyor belt 13, with no excess rays scattering outward. After collimation, the rays pass through the silver film and irradiate the sand layer. The silver film optimizes the energy distribution of the incident rays through the energy spectrum filtering characteristics of its own material, improving the excitation reaction efficiency between the rays and uranium in the sand, so that uranium produces more characteristic X-rays that can be effectively detected. The generated characteristic X-rays propagate towards the probe direction of the silicon drift detector 16, pass through the aluminum film at the probe inlet and enter the detector. The aluminum film can effectively block dust and debris generated during the sand transportation process from entering the probe, and at the same time, it will not significantly attenuate the characteristic X-rays of uranium, ensuring that the detector completely receives the effective detection signal.

[0050] In this embodiment, the secondary conveyor belt includes secondary conveyor belt I 21, secondary conveyor belt II 22, and secondary conveyor belt III 23; The feed end of the secondary conveyor belt I 21 is connected to the discharge end of the main conveyor belt 13, the first discharge direction of the secondary conveyor belt I 21 is connected to the feed end of the secondary conveyor belt II 22, and the second discharge direction of the secondary conveyor belt I 21 is connected to the feed end of the secondary conveyor belt III 23. The output end of the secondary conveyor belt II 22 is provided with a second material distribution port 25, and the output end of the secondary conveyor belt III 23 is provided with a first material distribution port 24.

[0051] It should be noted that the frame of secondary conveyor belt I21 is fixed to the lower part of the discharge end of the main conveyor belt 13 by fasteners. The feed end of secondary conveyor belt I21 is highly matched with the discharge end of the main conveyor belt 13 to ensure that the sand conveyed by the main conveyor belt 13 can fall smoothly onto the surface of secondary conveyor belt I21. Secondary conveyor belt I21 is equipped with a bidirectional drive unit. The drive unit is electrically connected to the PLC control system of the device and can accurately switch between forward and reverse operation according to the control signal, corresponding to two opposite discharge directions. Secondary conveyor belts II22 and III23 are respectively fixedly installed at the ends of the two discharge directions of secondary conveyor belt I21. The feed end of secondary conveyor belt II 22 is connected to the output end of secondary conveyor belt I 21 in the first discharge direction, and the feed end of secondary conveyor belt III 23 is connected to the output end of secondary conveyor belt I 21 in the second discharge direction. Both secondary conveyor belts II 22 and III 23 are equipped with drive structures, and their start and stop actions are linked and matched with the reversing operation state of secondary conveyor belt I 21. The second distribution port 25 and the first distribution port 24 are rigidly fixed to the output ends of secondary conveyor belts II 22 and III 23 respectively through flange structures. The discharge port diameter is suitable for commonly used collection containers such as ton bags and 200L steel drums on site, and can directly complete the docking and collection of sand and soil.

[0052] The sand, conveyed by the main conveyor belt 13 and having undergone uranium content testing, continuously and steadily enters the feed end of the secondary conveyor belt I 21. The PLC control system compares the uranium content detection data of the sand synchronously output by the detection unit with the preset contamination judgment threshold in real time. When the uranium content of the corresponding batch of sand exceeds the judgment threshold, the PLC control system outputs the corresponding control signal, driving the secondary conveyor belt I 21 to run in the first discharge direction, smoothly conveying the batch of contaminated sand to the feed end of the secondary conveyor belt II 22, and then the secondary conveyor belt II 22 continuously conveys it to the second distribution port 25 at the end. The sand eventually falls into the corresponding contaminated sand collection container. When the uranium content of the corresponding batch of sand is detected to be lower than the judgment threshold, the PLC control system immediately switches the control signal and drives the secondary conveyor belt I21 to run in the second discharge direction, transporting the batch of clean sand to the feed end of the secondary conveyor belt III23, and then the secondary conveyor belt III23 transports it to the first distribution port 24 at the end, where it falls into the corresponding clean sand collection container. The entire reversing sorting process is completely synchronized with the conveying rhythm of the main conveyor belt 13 and the detection frequency of the detection unit, so there will be no problem of sand accumulation or sorting lag.

[0053] In this embodiment, the device further includes a container 30, and the feeding assembly, the feeding component, and the feeding component are all integrated and installed in the internal space of the container 30.

[0054] Understandably, container 30 adopts a 1C type standard container 30 that conforms to road transport regulations. The container interior features a full-length integrated mounting frame, rigidly connected to the load-bearing steel structure at the bottom of the container via pre-embedded high-strength bolts. The support base 5 for the feeding component, the support bracket for the detection component, the conveyor belt frames for the distributing component, the power distribution cabinet 28 for the control unit, and the industrial control equipment are all arranged sequentially along the sand conveying direction and fixed to the internal mounting frame with fasteners. Each component completes precise alignment within the container. After assembly, a complete integrated sorting system is formed. The double side walls of the box adopt a hinged structure that can be opened outwards. A hydraulic lifting device is installed between the side walls and the box. The interior of the box is also divided into an independent office area 26 by partitions. The office area 26 integrates and installs a computer 27 for operating the control device, an air conditioner 29, and supporting facilities such as desks and chairs. The end of the box is equipped with a fully openable box door. The pre-processing hopper 1 of the feeding component can extend outwards along the guide beam 7 through the box door position to meet the space requirements of on-site material feeding operations.

[0055] It is also understandable that the second crushing auger 8 is rotated and assembled with the corresponding frame through the bearing seats at both ends. It is installed as a whole below the discharge port of the screw feeder 6 and at the upstream transition position of the input end of the main conveyor belt 13. Its feed port is connected to the discharge port of the screw feeder 6 through a sealing structure. The discharge port is set vertically towards the input end of the main conveyor belt 13. The drive shaft end of the second crushing auger 8 is connected to the output end of the motor 3 installed on the support base 5 through a transmission chain, coupling and other transmission structures. Its operation start and stop, speed adjustment are all linked and controlled by the PLC system 20 of the device. It can perform secondary fine crushing on the sand and soil after the initial crushing by the first crushing auger 2, ensuring that the sand and soil particles entering the main conveyor belt 13 are uniform and consistent, and avoiding large-diameter sand and soil from affecting the subsequent detection accuracy.

[0056] The dust cover 9 preferably adopts a closed cover structure formed by sheet metal bending. It is detachably fixed to the external frame of the second crushing auger 8 and the material discharge connection position between the screw feeder 6 and the main conveyor belt 13 by bolts. The cover completely covers the discharge port of the second crushing auger 8 and the entire material discharge area where sand and soil fall into the main conveyor belt 13. The bottom of the dust cover 9 is sealed to the frame of the main conveyor belt 13 by sealing strips. The side wall has a passage for the main conveyor belt 13 to pass through. The edge of the passage is also equipped with dustproof sealing strips, which can effectively prevent the radioactive dust generated during the crushing and conveying of sand and soil from escaping outward, and avoid radioactive dust pollution in the working area. The top of the dust cover 9 is also equipped with a detachable maintenance cover plate, which facilitates the cleaning, maintenance and repair of the second crushing auger 8 and the material discharge channel inside by on-site personnel.

[0057] The viewing window 12 is made of lead glass that matches the shielding level of the device. It is installed on the front and rear side walls of the X-ray shielding unit 14 with a metal frame. The installation position corresponds one-to-one with the passage position of the main conveyor belt 13 through the detection chamber. The metal frame of the viewing window 12 is rigidly connected to the side wall of the X-ray shielding unit 14 with bolts. A sealing strip is set between the frame and the mounting surface to ensure the sealing and shielding integrity of the installation. It can allow on-site operators to directly observe the conveying status of sand on the main conveyor belt 13 and the operation in the detection area while effectively preventing X-ray leakage. At the same time, a transparent viewing window 12 is also set on the side wall of the dust cover 9 for operators to observe the real-time operation status of sand falling and secondary crushing.

[0058] The supporting quadruped 19 adopts a four-column support structure welded from square steel. Multiple sets are evenly arranged along the conveying direction of the main conveyor belt 13. The top of each supporting quadruped 19 is rigidly connected to the bottom of the frame of the main conveyor belt 13 by high-strength bolts, and the bottom is fixedly connected to the overall mounting frame inside the container 30 by anchor bolts, providing stable vertical support for the entire main conveyor belt 13. The height of the quadruped columns can be adjusted. The core controller module of the PLC system 20 is integrated and installed in the power distribution cabinet 28 of the office area 26 inside the container 30. Its signal input port is electrically connected to the silicon drift detector 16, X-ray imaging detector 18, the operation sensors of each drive motor 3, and the speed sensors of each conveyor belt through a shielded dedicated signal cable. It can receive the detection data collected by the detection unit and the operating status signals of each component of the device in real time. Its signal output port is electrically connected to the drive motor 3 of each conveyor belt, the X-ray device, and the drive motor 3 of the feeding component through a dedicated control cable. It can output control commands according to the preset control logic and real-time detection data to realize the automated linkage control of the entire process of feeding, crushing, conveying, detection, and sorting of the device. The PLC system 20 also establishes bidirectional data communication with the computer 27 in the office area 26 through communication interfaces such as Ethernet and serial port. It can upload the collected detection data and equipment operating status to the computer 27 in real time, and at the same time receive the control parameters, operating commands and pollution judgment thresholds issued by the computer 27.

[0059] Office area 26 is separated into an independent, enclosed space at the end of container 30 by partition walls with fireproof and radiation-proof properties. The partition walls are rigidly connected to the inner wall, bottom, and top of container 30 by fasteners, and the joints are sealed to completely isolate office area 26 from the sorting area of ​​the equipment. The interior space of office area 26 is equipped with computers 27 for equipment operation, desks and chairs, air conditioners 29, and other supporting facilities. The partition walls are equipped with openable and closable sealed doors for operators to enter and exit. At the same time, lead glass observation windows are also provided on the partition walls facing the work area so that operators can observe the overall operating status of the equipment in real time.

[0060] Computer 27 is placed on the desk inside the office area 26. It establishes a two-way communication connection with PLC system 20 and silicon drift detector 16 through serial port, WiFi or Ethernet communication interface. Computer 27 is equipped with dedicated control and data processing software adapted to this device. It can receive and display in real time the uranium content data and energy spectrum data of sand collected by the detection unit, as well as the real-time operating status of each component of the device. At the same time, the operator can send device start and stop commands, operating parameters and uranium contamination judgment thresholds to PLC system 20 through the software operation interface to realize remote control of the device. In addition, computer 27 can also complete local storage, statistical analysis and treatment report generation of detection data, meet the requirements of on-site data retention and management of uranium contamination treatment projects.

[0061] The power distribution cabinet 28 is rigidly fixed to the side wall of the office area 26 inside the container 30 by bolts. Its incoming line is directly connected to the external power supply on site. The power distribution cabinet 28 integrates electrical components such as main circuit breaker, branch circuit breaker, AC contactor, overload protection components, leakage protection components, PLC system 20 core control module, and power supply voltage regulator module. Through standardized internal wiring, it is electrically connected to all electrical components in the device, including each drive motor 3, X-ray device, various detectors, computer 27, air conditioner 29, etc., to provide a stable and safe power supply for the entire device. At the same time, the power distribution cabinet 28 is equipped with an independent emergency stop control circuit, which can quickly cut off the power supply of the whole machine in the event of device failure or emergency on site, so as to ensure the safety of on-site personnel and equipment.

[0062] Air conditioner 29 adopts a wall-mounted structure adapted to the space of container 30. The indoor unit is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the office area 26 inside container 30, and the outdoor unit is fixed at the corresponding position on the outer wall of container 30. The power supply line of air conditioner 29 is connected to a dedicated power supply circuit in the distribution cabinet 28. It can independently adjust the ambient temperature and humidity inside the office area 26 to provide a suitable working environment for on-site operators. At the same time, air conditioner 29 is equipped with ventilation ducts extending to the electrical control area of ​​the device and the periphery of the detection chamber of the detection unit. It can deliver temperature-controlled airflow to the installation area of ​​precision detection elements and electrical components, ensuring that these precision components operate stably in a suitable temperature and humidity environment, and avoiding the impact of extreme temperature and humidity environments in the field on the operational stability of the equipment and the accuracy of uranium content detection.

[0063] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the patent. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid sorting device for uranium-contaminated sand, characterized in that, The device includes: The feeding assembly includes a pretreatment hopper and a main conveyor belt. The output end of the pretreatment hopper is connected to the input end of the main conveyor belt. The pretreatment hopper is used to pretreat sand and soil and discharge it onto the main conveyor belt. The detection component includes a support bracket and a detection unit mounted on the support bracket, the detection unit being used to detect sand on the main conveyor belt; The material sorting component is located at the discharge end of the main conveyor belt. The material sorting component includes multiple secondary conveyor belts with different conveying directions. The inlet end of the secondary conveyor belt is connected to the discharge end of the main conveyor belt to sort sand and soil with different detection results.

2. The rapid sorting device for uranium-contaminated sand as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding assembly also includes a support base, a guide beam, and a screw feeder; The support base is mounted on the guide rail beam, and the pretreatment hopper and the screw feeder are both mounted on the guide rail beam. The output end of the pretreatment hopper is connected to the input end of the main conveyor belt through the screw feeder. A support foot cup is provided below the support base.

3. The rapid sorting device for uranium-contaminated sand as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The pretreatment hopper is equipped with a first crushing auger, and the support base is also equipped with a motor. The output end of the motor is connected to the first crushing auger and / or the screw feeder.

4. The rapid sorting device for uranium-contaminated sand as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A baffle is provided above the main conveyor belt, and the surface of the baffle is perpendicular to the moving direction of the main conveyor belt. The side of the baffle is connected to a knob and a scale, so as to adjust the lifting gap between the bottom edge of the baffle and the surface of the main conveyor belt by means of the knob and the scale. Both sides of the main conveyor belt are provided with inwardly curved rolled edges.

5. A rapid sorting device for uranium-contaminated sand as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The detection unit includes an X-ray shielding unit, an X-ray unit, a silicon drift detector, and an X-ray imaging detector; The X-ray shielding unit is fixed on the support bracket, and the X-ray device, the silicon drift detector, and the X-ray imaging detector are all housed in the detection cavity inside the X-ray shielding device.

6. The rapid sorting device for uranium-contaminated sand as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The X-ray shielding device comprises a layered structure with at least three layers.

7. A rapid sorting device for uranium-contaminated sand as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The silicon drift detector includes multiple probes, which are arranged in a linear array along a straight line perpendicular to the direction of movement of the main conveyor belt.

8. A rapid sorting device for uranium-contaminated sand as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The X-ray device is equipped with a collimator for beam limiting at the ray outlet, and the ray outlet of the collimator is covered with a silver film. The inlet of the silicon drift detector is covered with an aluminum film.

9. A rapid sorting device for uranium-contaminated sand as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary conveyor belt includes secondary conveyor belt I, secondary conveyor belt II, and secondary conveyor belt III; The feed end of the secondary conveyor belt I is connected to the discharge end of the main conveyor belt, the first discharge direction of the secondary conveyor belt I is connected to the feed end of the secondary conveyor belt II, and the second discharge direction of the secondary conveyor belt I is connected to the feed end of the secondary conveyor belt III. The output end of the secondary conveyor belt II is provided with a second material distribution port, and the output end of the secondary conveyor belt III is provided with a first material distribution port.

10. A rapid sorting device for uranium-contaminated sand as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The device also includes a container, and the feeding assembly, the feeding assembly and the feeding assembly are all integrated and installed in the internal space of the container.

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