Filling devices and filling methods for coal mining

Abstract

This application provides a filling device and method for coal mining. The filling device includes at least one first support and a second support, with the second support disposed on one side of the first support. The first support includes a first tail stop assembly that switches between a first retracted position and a first filling position. In the first filling position, the first tail stop assembly includes a first sealing surface with an adjustable area. The second support includes a second tail stop assembly and a side stop assembly. The second tail stop assembly has a second retracted position and a second filling position. In the second filling position, the second tail stop assembly includes a second sealing surface with an adjustable area. The second sealing surface and the first sealing surface form a filling working surface facing the filling body. The side stop assembly is movably disposed on the side of the second tail stop assembly away from the first support. The side stop assembly is movable relative to the second tail stop assembly, such that at least a portion of the side stop assembly protrudes from the filling working surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of coal mining technology, and in particular to a filling device and filling method for coal mining. Background Technology

[0002] In the coal mining sector, backfilling technology is widely used to meet environmental protection requirements such as surface water retention and control of surface subsidence. Among these, paste backfilling has become an important choice due to its excellent subsidence control effect. Existing paste backfilling processes mainly include longwall backfilling, shortwall backfilling, and strip backfilling. Longwall backfilling working faces are typically no less than 60m long, but suffer from complex paste isolation processes, long processing times, and low efficiency. Strip backfilling uses a single-heading tunneling face, requiring reliance on local ventilation fans, which poses safety hazards and limits its application. Shortwall backfilling working faces are shorter (usually less than 60m), and isolation operations are relatively simple, showing good development prospects.

[0003] Currently, isolation operations in paste backfilling faces typically involve laying straw mats, plastic sheets, or isolation cloths at the back of the backfilling support to prevent paste slurry from flowing into the coal face. However, this isolation method suffers from problems such as complex processes, high labor intensity for workers, and significant safety hazards due to the work area being located below the exposed roof. This results in time-consuming and inefficient isolation operations, hindering the overall efficiency of backfilling mining. Therefore, improving the efficiency and safety of paste backfilling isolation operations and simplifying the process flow have become urgent technical problems to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a filling device for coal mining, including at least one first support and a second support, with the second support disposed on one side of the first support. The first support includes a first tail stop assembly that switches between a first retracted position and a first filling position. In the first filling position, the first tail stop assembly includes a first sealing surface with an adjustable area. The second support includes a second tail stop assembly and a side stop assembly. The second tail stop assembly has a second retracted position and a second filling position. In the second filling position, the second tail stop assembly includes a second sealing surface with an adjustable area. The second sealing surface and the first sealing surface are used to form a filling working surface facing the filling material. The side stop assembly is movably disposed on the side of the second tail stop assembly away from the first support, and the side stop assembly is movable relative to the second tail stop assembly so that at least a portion of the side stop assembly protrudes from the filling working surface.

[0005] In one possible implementation, the first tailgate assembly includes a first body and a plurality of first sealing plates. The first body includes a first retracted position and a first filling position. The plurality of first sealing plates are movably disposed on the first body, and the first sealing plates are movable relative to the first tailgate assembly to adjust the first sealing surface of the first tailgate assembly.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the second tailgate assembly includes a second body and a plurality of second sealing plates. The second body includes a second retracted position and a second filling position. The plurality of second sealing plates are movably disposed on the second tailgate assembly, and the second sealing plates are movable relative to the second tailgate assembly to adjust the second sealing surface of the second tailgate assembly.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the first tailgate assembly includes a plurality of first driving members, each of which corresponds to a plurality of first sealing plates. The plurality of first driving members are disposed between the first sealing plates and the first body, and the first driving members are capable of driving the first sealing plates to move closer to or away from the first body.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the second tailgate assembly includes a plurality of second driving members, each corresponding to a plurality of second sealing plates. The plurality of second driving members are disposed between the second sealing plates and the second body, and the second driving members are capable of driving the second sealing plates to move closer to or away from the second body.

[0009] In one possible implementation, multiple first sealing plates extend in not exactly the same direction.

[0010] In one possible implementation, multiple second sealing plates extend in not exactly the same direction.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the side guard assembly includes an area-adjustable side guard sealing surface, with a filling working surface and a space to be filled between them.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the filling working surface extends along a first direction, and the side stop assembly moves along a second direction different from the first direction.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the sidestop assembly includes a sidestop body and a sidestop sealing plate. The sidestop body is movable between a third retracted position and a third filling position, wherein the sidestop body in the third filling position protrudes relative to the filling working surface. The sidestop sealing plate is movably mounted on the sidestop body and is movable relative to the sidestop body to adjust the sidestop sealing surface.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the side guard assembly includes a third drive member disposed between the side guard body and the side guard sealing plate, the third drive member being capable of driving the side guard sealing plate closer to or away from the side guard body.

[0015] Secondly, this application provides a backfilling method for coal mining, implemented by the backfilling device provided in any of the above embodiments, the backfilling method comprising: S102, control the first tail stop assembly of the first bracket to move to the first filling position; S104, control the second tail stop assembly of the second bracket to move to the second filling position; S106, Adjust the first sealing surface of the first tail stop assembly and the second sealing surface of the second tail stop assembly until the sealing parameters of the filling working surface meet the first preset sealing parameters; S108, control the side stop assembly of the second bracket to move to the third filling position; S110, Adjust the side sealing surface of the side barrier assembly until the sealing parameters of the side sealing surface meet the second preset sealing parameters.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the filling method further includes: S112, Inject slurry into the filling space formed by the filling working surface and the side sealing surface; S114, when the slurry has completely solidified into a filling body, control the first and second supports to retract to their initial positions; S116, control the filling device to move a preset filling step distance in a direction away from the filling body.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are: The filling device provided in this application enables efficient and automated isolation of the space behind the support frame awaiting filling. By incorporating a first and second tail-stop assembly capable of switching between a retracted position and a filling position, the tail-stop assembly automatically switches from an inclined state to an upright state before the filling operation begins. Combined with an adjustable first and second sealing surface, it automatically seals the goaf behind the support frame, forming the space awaiting filling. Compared to related technologies that rely on manual laying of straw mats and isolation fabric, this application eliminates the need for workers to operate under the exposed roof, automating the isolation process, significantly improving efficiency, and eliminating safety hazards.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first support in the filling device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2A schematic diagram illustrating the switching of the first tail stop assembly in the first bracket from the first retracted position to the first filling position in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a first tail stop assembly located at a first filling position, provided for one embodiment of this application; Figure 4 One of the partial structural schematic diagrams of a first tailgate assembly provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 A second partial structural schematic diagram of a first tailgate assembly provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the switching of the second tail stop assembly in the second bracket from the second retracted position to the second filling position in one embodiment of this application; Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the switching of the side baffle assembly in the second bracket from the third retracted position to the third filling position, provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a second tail stop assembly located at a second filling position and a side stop assembly located at a third filling position, provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 One of the partial structural schematic diagrams of a side guard assembly provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 A second partial structural schematic diagram of a side guard assembly provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 11 One of the flowcharts for a backfilling method for coal mining provided as an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is a second flowchart of a backfilling method for coal mining, provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. First support 11 First tailgate assembly, 110 First body, 111 First sealing plate, 112 First sealing surface, 113 First driving component, 2. Second support, 21 Second tailgate assembly, 210 Second body, 211 Second sealing plate, 212 Second sealing surface, 22 Side guard assembly, 220 Side guard body, 221 Side guard sealing plate, 222 Side guard sealing surface, 223 Third drive component. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] In this application, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," and "longitudinal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this application and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element, or component to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0024] Furthermore, in addition to indicating location or positional relationship, some of the aforementioned terms may also have other meanings. For example, the term "above" may also be used in some cases to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] Furthermore, the terms "installation," "setup," "equipped with," "connection," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two devices, components, or parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0026] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are primarily used to distinguish different devices, components, or parts (which may be the same or different in specific type and construction), and are not intended to indicate or imply the relative importance or quantity of the indicated devices, components, or parts. Unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0027] In traditional fully mechanized coal mining, as the coal seam is pushed forward, the roof strata behind the goaf gradually collapse. The first to collapse is the false roof (approximately 3-5m), followed by the direct roof (greater than 5m), and then the main roof (the key stratum, generally greater than 10m) collapses. Normally, the key stratum plays a crucial supporting role for the overlying strata. Once the key stratum collapses, the overlying strata will gradually subside, and fissures will extend upwards, potentially reaching the overlying aquifer or causing surface subsidence.

[0028] The main principle behind surface subsidence control using backfilling mining technology is to prevent the collapse of key strata by controlling the overlying strata to avoid further subsidence at higher levels, thus inhibiting the upward extension of fracture zones and controlling the inflow of overlying aquifers into the goaf via water-conducting fractures or controlling surface subsidence. However, in practice, longwall backfilling mining often struggles to precisely control the fracture / collapse of key strata. This is because the longwall mining face is wide (typically greater than 60m), exceeding the initial compaction step. Furthermore, the ongoing backfilling process cannot effectively support the goaf roof in a timely manner, preventing the collapse of the roof to the key strata. Consequently, key strata in longwall backfilling mining often experience bending subsidence, fracture, or collapse.

[0029] The principle behind shortwall backfilling mining for controlling roof subsidence is to limit the width of the backfilling mining face to within the range of potential roof collapse, ensuring that the critical strata roof does not break. Furthermore, timely injection of paste-like backfill material into the goaf behind the mining face, followed by solidification, further controls the caving of the overlying strata. Combining these comprehensive measures effectively controls the subsidence and caving of the critical overlying strata, ultimately achieving control over the aquifer and surface subsidence.

[0030] Currently, the isolation work behind the frame in the paste filling process generally adopts the method of using back baffles of the filling frame and straw mats, isolation membranes or isolation bags. These materials need to be transported manually from the end of the filling work surface to the work site. Moreover, the isolation work requires the cooperation of multiple people to achieve the isolation of paste slurry behind the frame. Some isolation processes have to force workers to work behind the back baffle of the filling frame in an environment where the top plate is not well supported, which poses a threat to the personal safety of workers. In addition, many isolation operations are done entirely by workers, which is labor-intensive, time-consuming and slow.

[0031] The filling device proposed in this invention includes a first support 1 and a second support 2, which are closely arranged on the filling working face. With the help of a box-type tail baffle assembly and a side baffle assembly 22, most of the space to be filled behind the frame is isolated. The first sealing plate 111 and the second sealing plate 211 inside the tail baffle assembly form a compression on the side plates, top plates and bottom plates of the adjacent supports, thereby effectively sealing the gaps between the tail baffle assemblies. The expansion and contraction of the side baffle assembly 22 of the second support 2 and the expansion and contraction of the side baffle sealing plate 221 achieve isolation and sealing of the side of the space to be filled. After the filling material solidifies, a goaf-side roadway is formed, which facilitates ventilation, personnel movement and transportation in the next mining working face.

[0032] The filling device proposed in this invention achieves the isolation and sealing of the space to be filled behind the support frame by driving the sealing plate with the first driving component 113, the second driving component, and the third driving component 223. This can significantly save manpower, reduce the number of workers, and improve the overall efficiency of the isolation operation. Using a short-walled filling mining face avoids the problem of insufficient isolation and sealing between supports caused by a large number of filling supports and long-distance forward movement. This is an advantage compared to long-walled filling mining faces. Because the filling face is shorter and the number of filling supports is less, it is easier to adjust the posture of the filling supports and maintain the isolation and sealing state between them, which is beneficial for maintaining the isolation effect of the space to be filled for a long time.

[0033] Specifically, the first aspect of this application provides a backfilling device for coal mining, including at least one first support 1 and a second support 2, with the second support 2 disposed on one side of the first support 1. The first support 1 and the second support 2 refer to hydraulic supports used in shortwall backfilling mining faces, serving both roof support and back-end isolation functions. Specifically, the first support 1 corresponds to the intermediate backfilling support positioned in the middle of the backfilling face, and the second support 2 corresponds to the end backfilling support positioned at the end of the backfilling face. During the construction of the backfilling face, the number of first supports 1 is selected according to actual needs, such as multiple first supports 1. Both the first support 1 and the second support 2 possess basic structures such as fully mechanized mining support, shield beams, and backfilling support columns. The difference lies in the fact that the second support 2 is additionally equipped with a side-stop assembly 22, which is used to handle end sealing and the formation of gob-side entry.

[0034] Among them, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the first support 1 includes a first tail stop assembly 11, which switches between a first retracted position and a first filling position. In the first filling position, the first tail stop assembly 11 includes a first sealing surface 112 with adjustable area. The second support 2 includes a second tail stop assembly 21 and a side stop assembly 22. The second tail stop assembly 21 has a second retracted position and a second filling position. In the second filling position, the second tail stop assembly 21 includes a second sealing surface 212 with adjustable area. The second sealing surface 212 and the first sealing surface 112 are used to form a filling working surface facing the filling body. The filling working surface is used to define a virtual plane that delineates the leading edge boundary of the space to be filled. The filling working surface is parallel to the coal mining face and serves as the boundary between the filling body and the coal mining area.

[0035] It should be noted that the filling body refers to the solid filling material with a certain strength formed after the filling slurry undergoes a hydration reaction in the space to be filled. It not only plays a role in supporting the overlying rock strata and controlling surface subsidence, but also serves as the sidewall foundation for the goaf-side tunnel.

[0036] It should be noted that the first tailblock assembly 11 / second tailblock assembly 21 refers to the movable and modular structure located at the rear of the first support 1 / second support 2, used to seal the area in front of the goaf. The first tailblock assembly 11 / second tailblock assembly 21 can switch between an inclined state (first retracted position / second retracted position) and an upright state (first filling position / second filling position), and its interior is equipped with multiple retractable sealing plates to seal the space to be filled behind the support.

[0037] The retracted position (first retracted position / second retracted position) refers to the retracted and tilted state of the tail stop assembly (first tail stop assembly 11 / second tail stop assembly 21) when it is not in operation, which facilitates the forward movement of the filling device and coal mining operations. The filling position refers to the unfolded and upright state of the tail stop assembly when it is in operation, which is used to close the leading edge boundary of the space to be filled.

[0038] The sealing surface (first sealing surface 112 / second sealing surface 212) refers to the surface area on the tailgate assembly used to contact the surrounding rock, adjacent supports, or solidified backfill to achieve sealing and isolation. The coverage area of ​​the sealing surface can be adjusted by the extension and retraction of movable parts. For example, by the hydraulically driven extension and retraction of components such as the upper and lower side plates, left and right side plates, and upper and lower telescopic plates within the left and right side plates inside the tailgate assembly, the sealing surface can be dynamically adjusted according to actual working conditions such as the height of the top and bottom plates and the distance between adjacent supports, achieving adaptive sealing.

[0039] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, for the second support 2, the side stop assembly 22 is movably disposed on the side of the second tail stop assembly 21 away from the first support 1. For example, the side stop assembly 22 may be disposed to the left or right of the second tail stop assembly 21. The side stop assembly 22 is movable relative to the second tail stop assembly 21, such that at least a portion of the side stop assembly 22 protrudes from the filling working surface. The first tail stop assembly 11, the second tail stop assembly 21, and the protruding side stop assembly 22 are generally constructed in an "L" shape.

[0040] The filling device provided in this application enables efficient and automated isolation of the space behind the support frame awaiting filling. By incorporating a first tail stop assembly 11 and a second tail stop assembly 21 that can switch between a retracted position and a filling position, the tail stop assembly can automatically switch from an inclined state to an upright state before the filling operation begins. Combined with an adjustable first sealing surface 112 and a second sealing surface 212, it can automatically seal the goaf area behind the support frame, forming the space awaiting filling. Compared to related technologies that rely on manual laying of straw mats and isolation fabric, this application eliminates the need for workers to operate under the exposed roof, automating the isolation process, significantly improving isolation efficiency, and eliminating safety hazards.

[0041] The filling device provided in this application ensures the sealing performance at the end position, enabling gob-side entry. A side-blocking assembly 22 is independently installed on the second support 2 of this application. The side-blocking assembly 22 can move relative to the second tail-blocking assembly 21 and protrude from the filling working face, specifically for sealing the side area at the end of the working face. The side-blocking assembly 22 not only participates in sealing the space to be filled, but also forms the sidewall of the gob-side entry after the filling slurry solidifies to form the filling body. This allows this application to generate a roadway while completing filling, reducing the amount of roadway excavation and lowering mining costs.

[0042] The filling device provided in this application, with its filling working surface constructed from a first sealing surface 112 and a second sealing surface 212, improves the adaptability of the sealing surface and ensures filling quality. By setting adjustable areas for the first sealing surface 112 and the second sealing surface 212, the tailstock assembly can compensate for gaps between the top plate, bottom plate, and adjacent supports through the expansion and contraction of its internal sealing plate. This adaptive adjustment capability ensures complete isolation between the space to be filled and the outside, preventing the paste slurry from leaking into the coal face or contaminating equipment, thus guaranteeing the forming quality of the filling material and the smooth progress of the filling operation.

[0043] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the first tailgate assembly 11 includes a first body 110 and a plurality of first sealing plates 111. The first body 110 includes a first retracted position and a first filling position. The plurality of first sealing plates 111 are respectively movably disposed on the first body 110. The first sealing plates 111 can move relative to the first tailgate assembly 11 to adjust the first sealing surface 112 of the first tailgate assembly 11.

[0044] The first body 110 refers to the main frame structure of the tailgate assembly, which is used to support and install the first sealing plate 111 and the first driving component 113. The first body 110 can be driven to rotate, that is, to change from the first retracted position (tilted state) to the first filling position (upright state). The interior of the first body 110 has multiple guide grooves or mounting positions to accommodate and guide the telescopic movement of the sealing plate.

[0045] The first sealing plate 111 is movably disposed on the first body 110 and is a retractable plate-shaped component used to achieve local sealing. The first sealing plate 111 includes upper and lower side plates, left and right side plates, and upper and lower telescopic plates within the left and right side plates. Multiple first sealing plates 111 can extend and retract in different directions of the first body 110 to fill the gaps between the first body 110 and the surrounding rock or adjacent supports.

[0046] This application decomposes the first tailstop assembly 11 into a modular structure consisting of a first body 110 and multiple first sealing plates 111, so that the sealing function no longer depends on a single integral baffle. The first body 110 is mainly responsible for large-scale shielding (changing from an inclined state to an upright state), while the multiple first sealing plates 111 are responsible for fine-tuning gap filling. This structural design decomposes the complex sealing task into independently controllable sub-tasks, reduces the manufacturing difficulty of individual components, and improves the reliability and maintainability of the first sealing surface 112. At the same time, the multiple first sealing plates 111 can be independently arranged in different directions of the first body 110, which can provide targeted compensation for gaps between the top plate, bottom plate, and adjacent supports, adapting to complex surrounding rock conditions downhole and ensuring a tight seal.

[0047] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the second tailgate assembly 21 includes a second body 210 and a plurality of second sealing plates 211. The second body 210 includes a second retracted position and a second filling position. The plurality of second sealing plates 211 are respectively movably disposed on the second tailgate assembly 21, and the second sealing plates 211 can move relative to the second tailgate assembly 21 to adjust the second sealing surface 212 of the second tailgate assembly 21.

[0048] The second body 210 refers to the main frame structure of the second tailgate assembly 21, which is similar in structure to the first body 110 and is used to support the second sealing plate 211 and the second driving component. The second sealing plate 211 is a retractable plate-shaped component that is movably disposed on the second body 210 for achieving local sealing.

[0049] This application also adopts a modular structure of "second body 210 + multiple second sealing plates 211" for the second tail stop assembly 21, ensuring that the sealing capability of the tail stop at the end position is consistent with that of the middle area. The second body 210 is responsible for large-area shielding, while the multiple second sealing plates 211 are responsible for precise sealing of the gaps between the top and bottom plates and adjacent supports. This structural design ensures a balanced sealing capability along the entire filling working surface, avoids paste leakage due to insufficient sealing capability at the end, and ensures the overall sealing of the space to be filled.

[0050] In one possible implementation, the first tailgate assembly 11 includes a plurality of first driving members 113, each of which corresponds to a plurality of first sealing plates 111. The plurality of first driving members 113 are disposed between the first sealing plates 111 and the first body 110. The first driving members 113 are capable of driving the first sealing plates 111 to move closer to or away from the first body 110.

[0051] The first driving component 113 is a power element disposed between the first sealing plate 111 and the first body 110, used to drive the first sealing plate 111 to perform telescopic movement. The first driving component 113 includes hydraulic rods or hydraulic cylinders such as upper and lower side plate tie rods, left and right side plate tie rods, and upper and lower telescopic rods. Multiple first driving components 113 correspond one-to-one with multiple first sealing plates 111, and can independently control the extension amount and extension pressure of the corresponding first sealing plate 111.

[0052] This application, by setting up a one-to-one corresponding first driving component 113, allows the extension and retraction of each first sealing plate 111 to be independently controlled. Operators or the control system can individually drive a specific sealing plate for compensation based on the actual monitored gap position and size, without affecting the state of other sealing plates. This precise control capability avoids overpressure or insufficient sealing caused by overall driving, improving the precision of the sealing operation. Simultaneously, by setting up independent first driving components 113, this application provides a key actuator for the automated control of the filling device. This application also includes an electro-hydraulic control system and a digital cylinder, allowing multiple first driving components 113 to be controlled by the controller according to a preset priority sequence. This enables the entire sealing process to be automated without manual operation, achieving one-button automatic isolation, greatly shortening the process time and improving the overall efficiency of filling and mining.

[0053] In one possible implementation, the second tailgate assembly 21 includes a plurality of second driving members, each corresponding to a plurality of second sealing plates 211. The plurality of second driving members are disposed between the second sealing plates 211 and the second body 210, and the second driving members are capable of driving the second sealing plates 211 to move closer to or away from the second body 210.

[0054] The second driving element refers to the actuator disposed between the second sealing plate 211 and the second body 210, which is used to drive the second sealing plate 211 to perform telescopic movement.

[0055] This application provides a corresponding second driving component for the second sealing plate 211, enabling precise and independent control of the tail stop seal at the end position. The second driving component can precisely control the extension and pressure of the second sealing plate 211 according to the special working conditions at the end position (such as proximity to the roadway, collaborative operation of the side stop assembly 22, etc.), ensuring a reliable seal between the end tail stop and adjacent supports, top and bottom plates, and avoiding grout leakage or poor formation of the goaf retainer due to uncontrolled end seal.

[0056] In one possible implementation, a plurality of first sealing plates 111 extend in not exactly the same direction.

[0057] This application, by setting multiple first sealing plates 111 extending in not entirely identical directions, can simultaneously seal potential leakage channels in both the vertical direction (top and bottom plates) and the horizontal direction (between adjacent supports). Specifically, when the first sealing plate 111 includes left and right side plates, upper and lower telescopic plates are also provided within the left and right side plates, which can provide compensatory sealing at the four corners of the rear baffle, eliminating sealing dead angles and forming a truly fully enclosed space for filling. Meanwhile, due to the complex morphology of fissures and cracks in the surrounding rock downhole, a sealing plate in a single direction is difficult to completely cover them. This application, by setting multiple first sealing plates 111 in different directions, can effectively seal irregularly shaped cracks. Whether it is a wedge-shaped crack formed by an uneven top plate or a zigzag crack formed by support misalignment, effective sealing can be achieved through the combination of sealing plates extending in different directions, significantly improving sealing performance.

[0058] In one possible implementation, a plurality of second sealing plates 211 extend in not exactly the same direction.

[0059] This application allows multiple second sealing plates 211 to extend in slightly different directions, ensuring that the sealing capability of the end cap is synchronized with that of the middle area. The second sealing plates 211 can provide expansion and contraction sealing in both vertical and horizontal dimensions, particularly compensating for the corner areas at the end caps, ensuring consistent sealing across the entire filling surface and preventing paste leakage due to dead corners at the end caps.

[0060] In one possible implementation, the side guard assembly 22 includes an area adjustable side guard sealing surface 222, with a filling space between the filling working surface and the side guard sealing surface 222.

[0061] The side barrier sealing surface 222 refers to the surface area on the side barrier assembly 22 used to contact the surrounding rock and the solidified backfill to achieve sealing and isolation. The side barrier sealing surface 222 is formed by the side barrier body 220 and the side barrier sealing plate 221, and its area and shape can be adjusted by the extension and retraction of the side barrier sealing plate 221.

[0062] The space to be filled refers to the enclosed area formed by the filling working surface formed by the first sealing surface 112 and the second sealing surface 212, the side sealing surface 222, and the natural boundary of the goaf, which is used to contain the filling slurry.

[0063] This device provides a reliable physical barrier for subsequent slurry injection by defining the space to be filled by the filling working face and the side baffle sealing surface 222. Simultaneously, by setting an adjustable-area side baffle sealing surface 222, the side baffle assembly 22 can adapt to coal seams of different heights (adjusted by upper and lower baffles) and roadways of different widths (through the movement of the side baffle body 220 and the expansion and contraction of the sealing plate). This adaptability ensures a tight seal at the end position under different geological conditions, avoiding filling failure or poor formation of the goaf-side roadway due to slurry leakage at the end.

[0064] In one possible implementation, the filling working surface extends along a first direction, and the side stop assembly 22 moves along a second direction different from the first direction.

[0065] This device sets the movement direction of the sidestop assembly 22 to be different from the extension direction of the filling working face, allowing the sidestop assembly 22 to move to the side of the goaf without interfering with the uprighting and telescopic movements of the tailstop assembly. This orthogonal motion design ensures smooth operation of multiple mechanisms and improves the reliability and speed of the system.

[0066] Preferably, the first direction is the vertical direction. The second direction is the front-back direction. That is, the filling working surface is a vertical surface extending in the vertical direction. The side sealing surface 222 of the side baffle assembly 22 is also a vertical surface extending in the vertical direction. The side baffle assembly 22 moves in the front-back direction.

[0067] The sidewall assembly 22 moves in a specific direction and in the front-to-back direction, precisely positioning itself to a predetermined position to form a smooth roadway surface. This precise motion control is key to forming a regular and stable sidewall for the goaf, creating favorable conditions for the subsequent reuse of the roadway (ventilation, transportation).

[0068] In one possible implementation, the side guard assembly 22 includes a side guard body 220 and a side guard sealing plate 221. The side guard body 220 is movable between a third retracted position and a third filling position, with the side guard body 220 protruding relative to the filling working surface at the third filling position. The side guard sealing plate 221 is movably disposed on the side guard body 220 and is movable relative to the side guard body 220 to adjust the side guard sealing surface 222.

[0069] The side guard body 220 is the main frame structure of the side guard assembly 22, used to support the side guard sealing plate 221 and the third driving member 223. The side guard body 220 can be driven and moved along the side plate slide to achieve initial shielding and positioning of the end side. The side guard sealing plate 221 is a retractable plate-shaped component movably mounted on the side guard body 220 to achieve sealing between the side guard assembly 22 and the top and bottom plates. The side guard sealing plate 221 can extend and retract under the drive of the third driving member 223 to fill the gap between the side guard body 220 and the top and bottom plates.

[0070] Specifically, the third retracted position refers to the retracted position of the side block assembly 22 in the non-operating state. In the third retracted position, the side block assembly 22 does not protrude relative to the filling working surface. The third filling position refers to the position where the side block assembly 22, in the operating state, moves to protrude from the filling working surface, ready for side sealing.

[0071] This application, by setting up a side-block body 220 and a side-block sealing plate 221, enables the side-block assembly 22 to achieve both efficiency and effectiveness in end-sealing. The side-block body 220 is responsible for large-scale positioning and initial shielding (moving to the third filling position, i.e., the protruding position), while the side-block sealing plate 221 is responsible for fine sealing of the gaps between the top and bottom plates. This staged design balances the efficiency and effectiveness of end-sealing, first quickly establishing a large-scale barrier, and then finely filling the gaps. This application allows the side-block body 220 to move to the protruding position, enabling it to press against the solidified filling material from the previous cycle, forming stable lateral support. Simultaneously, the adjustability of the side-block sealing plate 221 allows it to adapt to the subsidence or bulging of the top and bottom plates. This dual adaptability ensures that the sidewall of the goaf retainer maintains good sealing and stability at different stages of mine pressure manifestation.

[0072] In one possible implementation, the side guard assembly 22 includes a third drive member 223 disposed between the side guard body 220 and the side guard sealing plate 221, and the third drive member 223 is capable of driving the side guard sealing plate 221 to move closer to or away from the side guard body 220.

[0073] The third driving element 223 is an actuator disposed between the side guard body 220 and the side guard sealing plate 221, used to drive the side guard sealing plate 221 to perform telescopic movement. The third driving element 223 can independently control the extension amount and extension pressure of the side guard sealing plate 221 to achieve precise sealing of the gap between the top plate and the bottom plate by the side guard assembly 22.

[0074] This device, by incorporating an independent third drive component 223, allows for independent and precise control of the extension and retraction of the side baffle sealing plate 221. Operators can precisely adjust the extension amount of the sealing plate based on the monitored gap between the top and bottom plates, ensuring that the side baffle sealing plate 221 fits tightly against the surrounding rock without being damaged by overextension. The presence of the third drive component 223 allows the sealing process of the side baffle assembly 22 to be integrated into the overall automated control system. Combined with the electro-hydraulic control system and priority control logic described above, this enables the sealing operation of the entire second support 2 to be coordinated with the sealing operation of the first support 1, achieving fully automated isolation of the entire filling working face, minimizing manual intervention, and improving operational safety and efficiency.

[0075] Secondly, this application provides a backfilling method for coal mining, implemented using the backfilling device provided in any of the above embodiments, such as... Figure 11 As shown, the filling method includes: S102, control the first tail stop assembly of the first bracket to move to the first filling position; S104, control the second tail stop assembly of the second bracket to move to the second filling position; S106, Adjust the first sealing surface of the first tail stop assembly and the second sealing surface of the second tail stop assembly until the sealing parameters of the filling working surface meet the first preset sealing parameters; S108, control the side stop assembly of the second bracket to move to the third filling position; S110, Adjust the side sealing surface of the side barrier assembly until the sealing parameters of the side sealing surface meet the second preset sealing parameters.

[0076] The preset sealing parameters (first preset sealing parameters / second preset sealing parameters) refer to the threshold conditions preset in the automated control system for determining whether the seal is qualified. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the preset sealing parameters include, but are not limited to, the displacement signal (S) and pressure signal (P) fed back by the digital cylinder.

[0077] For example, when the sealing plates (first sealing plate, second sealing plate and / or side sealing plate) extend into place (displacement reaches the set value) and the compressive force between them and the contact surface reaches the set threshold (pressure reaches the set value), the sealing action is determined to be completed.

[0078] This application transforms complex downhole filling and isolation operations into a series of standardized steps that can be automatically executed by a control system. The operator only needs to issue instructions, and the device can sequentially complete a full set of actions such as the deployment of the first tail挡 component / second tail挡 component, the area adjustment of the first sealing surface / second sealing surface, the deployment of the side挡 component, and the area adjustment of the side挡 sealing surface. This standardized process eliminates the uncertainties of manual operation and ensures the stable and reliable isolation quality of each filling cycle.

[0079] At the same time, this application introduces a feedback control mechanism to monitor the pressure or position of the sealing surface (first sealing surface / second sealing surface / side挡 sealing surface) in real time to determine whether the preset sealing threshold is reached. Only when the sealing force is sufficient (such as the side plate has been tightly pressed against the adjacent support) and the position is accurate, the sealing is judged to be qualified, and the next step can be carried out. This closed-loop control fundamentally eliminates the slurry leakage accident caused by insufficient sealing and significantly improves the success rate of the filling operation.

[0080] In the method provided by this method, the main working face sealing surface (tail挡 component) is established first to define the front and rear boundaries of the待充 space, and then the sealing of the end side (side挡 component) is processed. Combining with the description of the priority of the electro-hydraulic control system in the specific implementation manner of this invention, this orderly step design ensures the reasonable distribution of hydraulic power and mechanical actions, avoids the power shortage or logical conflict caused by the simultaneous action of multiple mechanisms, and thus improves the overall operation efficiency.

[0081] Specifically, the isolation and sealing process of the first tail挡 component in this application is as follows: Step 1.1: Drive the first tail挡 component to rotate to change the first tail挡 component from an inclined state (first retracted position) to a vertical state (first filling position).

[0082] Step 1.2: With the elongation drive of the left and right side plate tie rods (the components in the first driving member for driving the first sealing plates in the left and right directions), the left and right side plates (i.e., the first sealing plates extending in the horizontal direction) are driven to extend and squeeze outward to form a seal with the first tail挡 component of the adjacent first support, blocking the paste slurry behind the support from flowing into the lower part of the first support from both left and right sides.

[0083] Step 1.3: With the elongation drive of the upper and lower side plate tie rods (i.e., the components in the first driving member for driving the first sealing plates in the up and down directions), the upper and lower side plates (i.e., the first sealing plates extending in the vertical direction) are driven to extend and squeeze against the roof and floor to ensure the sealing at the upper and lower positions of the first tail挡 component and prevent the paste slurry from entering the filling device from the upper and lower positions.

[0084] Step 1.4: Using the upper and lower telescopic rods in the left and right side plates (i.e. the components in the first driving component used to drive the corner sealing) to extend and drive the upper and lower telescopic plates (i.e. the corner compensation plates in the first sealing plate) to seal the four corners of the first tail baffle assembly, and finally achieve the complete sealing of the space to be filled behind the frame by the first tail baffle assembly, and achieve the complete isolation of the front and rear of the paste slurry to be filled behind the frame.

[0085] Step 1.5: After the paste slurry following the first tail baffle assembly is filled and completely solidified into a filling body, retract the first sealing plates of each part into the first body in the reverse order of steps four to one, and tilt and reset the first tail baffle assembly (first retraction position). After the filling device moves forward one filling step, repeat steps one to five to achieve isolation and sealing of the space to be filled behind the frame by the first tail baffle assembly.

[0086] Specifically, the isolation and sealing process for the second tailgate assembly in this application is as follows: The isolation operation of the second support is accomplished by a combination of the second tailgate assembly and the side guard assembly. The structure of the second tailgate assembly is similar to that of the first tailgate assembly, but instead of left and right side plates (i.e., the horizontal sealing plates in the second sealing plate), it is only installed on the side away from the side guard assembly. The specific operating steps are as follows: Step 2.1: Drive the second tail stop assembly from the tilted state (second retracted position) to the upright state (second filling position).

[0087] Step 2.2: With the extension drive of the left and right side plate tie rods, the left and right side plates (i.e., the horizontal sealing plates in the second sealing plates) extend and squeeze outwards, forming a seal with the first tail baffle assembly of the adjacent first bracket, preventing the paste slurry from flowing in from the left and right sides.

[0088] Step 2.3: By using the extension drive of the upper and lower side plate tie rods, the upper and lower side plates (i.e., the vertical sealing plates in the second sealing plates) are extended and squeezed towards the top and bottom plates to ensure the sealing of the upper and lower positions of the second tail baffle assembly.

[0089] Step 2.4: Using the upper and lower telescopic rods inside the side plate (i.e. the component in the second drive unit used to drive the corner seal), extend the upper and lower telescopic plates (i.e. the corner compensation plate in the second sealing plate) to seal the corner position of the second tail stop assembly near the first bracket.

[0090] Step 2.5: Driven by the side-block assembly pull rod (i.e., the third driving component that drives the side-block body), the side-block body is pushed along the side-block assembly slide seat towards the rear of the frame until it squeezes the solidified filling material from the previous cycle, thus isolating and sealing the lateral area of ​​the goaf behind the frame. Driven by the upper and lower pull rods (i.e., the third driving component) within the side-block assembly, the side-block sealing plate (upper and lower baffles) squeezes the top and bottom plates, isolating and sealing the upper and lower positions of the side-block body, preventing the outflow of paste slurry from the goaf.

[0091] Step 2.6: After the tail stop assemblies and side stop assemblies of all the first and second supports have completed the isolation and sealing of the space to be filled in the goaf behind the frame, fill the space to be filled with slurry.

[0092] Step 2.7: After the slurry filling is completed and completely solidified into a filling body, retract the sealing plates of each part in the reverse order of steps 2.5 to 2.1, and tilt and reset the second tail baffle assembly (second retraction position), and return the side baffle assembly to the third retraction position. After the filling device moves forward one filling step, repeat steps 2.1 to 2.6 to achieve the next cycle of isolation and filling.

[0093] It should be noted that during the process of multiple stents working together for isolation, multiple first stents (intermediate filling stents) and one second stent (end filling stent) work together to achieve the closure of the entire space to be filled behind the stent.

[0094] The first tail stop assembly in the first bracket can seal the gap between the brackets in the middle area of ​​the filling working surface by means of the upright state of the first body and the extension and retraction of the first sealing plate inside.

[0095] The second support achieves isolation of the end position through the second tail stop assembly and the side stop assembly. The sealing of the second tail stop assembly is the same as that of the first support, while the side stop assembly forms a lateral seal by compressing the solidified filling material through the movement of the side stop body, and achieves sealing of the top and bottom plates through the extension and retraction of the side stop sealing plate.

[0096] In one specific embodiment, the first driving element, the second driving element, and the third driving element are all digital cylinders (hydraulic cylinders with built-in high-precision sensors) that can accurately sense the stroke (S) and load pressure (P) and output composite signals.

[0097] The filling device also includes an electro-hydraulic control system, which comprises a hydraulic tank, oil pump, control valves, priority valves, digital cylinders, and a controller. The controller adjusts the operating states of the hydraulic control valves and priority valves by receiving feedback signals from the digital cylinders, controlling the actions of each drive component according to a preset priority sequence. First priority: Hydraulic oil is preferentially supplied to the digital cylinder (rear baffle support rod) that drives the tailgate assembly to rotate, causing the tailgate assembly to change from an inclined state to an upright state. When the displacement reaches the working position and the pressure rises to the set threshold, the priority valve opens, allowing the oil circuit to switch to the next level.

[0098] Second priority: Hydraulic oil flows to the digital cylinders (side plate tie rods) that drive the left and right side plates, causing them to press outwards and achieve a metal-to-metal contact seal between the tail stop assemblies of adjacent supports. Pressure fluctuations are monitored to ensure a tight fit between the side plates and adjacent frames.

[0099] Third priority: After completing the transverse sealing, the priority valve switches the flow path to the digital cylinders (upper and lower side plate pull rods) that drive the upper and lower side plates to extend towards the top and bottom plates, forming a vertical contact seal with the surrounding rock through hydraulic compression. The digital cylinders monitor the pressure in real time to ensure maximum sealing tightness without damaging the surrounding rock.

[0100] Fourth priority: The hydraulic oil supply to the corner compensation digital cylinder (upper and lower telescopic rods inside the left and right side plates) and the digital cylinder driving the side guard assembly (side guard assembly pull rod, upper and lower pull rods inside the side guard assembly) drives the upper and lower telescopic plates to compensate for the corners of the four sides. The side guard body moves backward to squeeze the filling body, thereby achieving the sealing of the four corners of the four sides and completing the full isolation of the space to be filled behind the frame.

[0101] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 12 As shown, the filling method also includes: S112, Inject slurry into the filling space formed by the filling working surface and the side sealing surface; S114, when the slurry has completely solidified into a filling body, control the first and second supports to retract to their initial positions; S116, control the filling device to move a preset filling step distance in a direction away from the filling body.

[0102] The filling space refers to the space to be filled, specifically the enclosed area formed by the filling working face and the side sealing surface. The initial position refers to the position where all components of the filling device return to their non-working state after completing one filling cycle, including the tailstock assembly returning to its retracted position, the sealing plate retracting, and the side sealing assembly returning to its retracted position. The preset filling step distance refers to the standard distance the entire filling device moves forward after each filling cycle. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, this step distance is matched with the cutting depth of the coal mining machine, the design thickness of the filling body, and the roof control requirements, typically ranging from 0.6m to 1.0m. By precisely controlling the filling step distance, it can be ensured that the exposed area of ​​the goaf remains within a safe range.

[0103] This method defines the backfilling operation as a complete cycle: after the backfill solidifies, the first and second supports are retracted to their initial positions, and then the entire unit is moved. This closed-loop process ensures that the unit returns to its initial state after each backfilling cycle, preparing it for the next cycle of coal mining and backfilling, and is the foundation for achieving continuous and efficient backfilling mining.

[0104] This method emphasizes retracting the support only after the slurry has completely solidified into the filler, avoiding forcibly dragging the support before the filler is fully stressed or adhered. This gentle demolding method protects the newly solidified filler from damage, ensuring its integrity and strength, and thus ensuring the stability of the goaf sidewall formed by the filler.

[0105] This method, by setting a preset filling step distance, ensures that the advance amount in each cycle is fixed and controllable. This facilitates production planning and geological subsidence control calculations in mines. By matching the advance step distance with the working face width determined by the ultimate span of the old roof, the exposed area of ​​the goaf can be precisely controlled to always remain within a safe range, fundamentally suppressing the fracturing and subsidence of the old roof, and ultimately achieving effective control of surface subsidence. Specific Implementation A portion of a coal mine in northern Shaanxi Province falls within a water source protection area designated by the environmental protection department. Therefore, mining underground coal resources requires the use of backfilling mining techniques. The coal seam in this area is approximately 300m deep and 3.5m thick. The first critical overlying stratum is approximately 15m thick and located about 12m away from the coal seam. The immediate roof is 10m thick, and the false roof is 2m thick. The periodic pressure step distance of this coal seam in adjacent mines is approximately 15-20m, and the initial pressure step distance is approximately 40-60m. Considering the needs of mine production and transportation, the general roadway width is set at 4.5m. To recover the coal resources within this protected area, the method provided by this invention is adopted. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Step 1: Planning of Shortwall Backfilling Mining Area For areas where backfilling mining is planned, a regular overall area (panel) is planned by tunneling. The tunnels that are excavated will become the main tunnels of the panel in the future.

[0107] Step 2: Determining the parameters of the backfilling mining face Based on the experience of adjacent mines and using calculation methods, the minimum overhang distance of the old roof collapse in this panel is determined, which is the maximum working face width for shortwall backfilling mining. This working face width includes the width of the roadways on both sides (the width of a single roadway is 4.5m).

[0108] The calculation method for the minimum overhang distance of the critical layer collapse refers to the calculation method for the initial pressure limit span:

[0109] In the formula, The ultimate span of the first key layer of overlying strata of the coal seam under tensile stress, in meters; q is the tensile strength of the rock stratum, in Pa, obtained from on-site sampling and testing of the rock stratum; in this example, the value is 2.5 MPa. q is the self-weight load of the rock stratum, in Pa, q = 15m × 25 KN / m3 = 0.375 MPa. h is the thickness of the rock stratum, in 15m.

[0110] The initial pressure limit span under shear stress is determined by the following formula:

[0111] In the formula, The ultimate span of the first key layer of overlying strata of the coal seam under shear stress, in meters; ρ is the shear strength of the rock stratum, which is taken as 1.8 MPa in this case; q is the self-weight load of the rock stratum, in Pa; h is the thickness of the rock stratum, in m.

[0112] The width of the shortwall backfilling mining face is taken as follows = The width of the two side tunnels is 4.5m each, and the filling face needs to be 35.5m wide.

[0113] Step 3: Implementation of backfilling mining process The first mining face is based on a roadway planned in the panel area in step 1. The short-wall backfilling mining face is advanced, and the coal is transported out and fresh air flows into the backfilling mining face through this roadway. Other transportation and waste air flows out through the roadway formed by the goaf retention process during the mining process of the backfilling mining face.

[0114] The advancement of the shortwall backfilling mining face is carried out simultaneously by the coal mining face and the backfilling face. The overall process of backfilling mining is as follows: the coal mining face at the front cuts coal, and the coal falls onto the scraper conveyor, which then transports the coal to the end belt conveyor; after the coal cutter has pushed the shortwall mining face back and forth once, the backfilling device is moved forward; after all the supports of the backfilling face are in place, the backfilling device is used to isolate the space to be backfilled behind the supports; after the isolation operation is completed, the space to be backfilled is filled with slurry; after the slurry is filled, coal mining and transportation operations are carried out at the front while waiting for the slurry to solidify; after the backfilled slurry solidifies, the supports are moved forward, and the above process is repeated until the mining of the face is completed.

[0115] The isolation of the backfilling mining face is mainly achieved by a backfilling device, which includes multiple first supports (intermediate backfilling supports) and one second support (end backfilling support). The multiple first supports and the second support work together to isolate the entire space behind the support frame that is to be backfilled. The first tail stop assembly of the first support frame isolates the space behind the support frame by changing the first tail stop assembly from an inclined state to an upright state. Then, the upper, lower, left, and right sealing plates within the first tail stop assembly, as well as the upper and lower telescopic plates within the left and right sealing plates, seal the gaps between the tail stop assemblies of the supports in the middle of the backfilling face.

[0116] The second support uses the second tail stop assembly and the side stop assembly to isolate the space to be filled at the rear of the filling device: the sealing of the second tail stop assembly is the same as that of the first support; the side stop assembly isolates the side of the space to be filled by pushing the side stop body to the position to be isolated by means of a hydraulic pull rod (third drive component), and the pushing force of the pull rod achieves the isolation and sealing between the side stop body and the solidified filling material, and the upper and lower pull rods (third drive components) push the side stop sealing plate to achieve the sealing between the top plate and the bottom plate of the side stop assembly.

[0117] Step 4: Goaf Retention Technology The goaf retention process is achieved using a second support. The first and second supports are used to seal the goaf behind the supports, especially on the side adjacent to the coal seam, creating a space to be filled. After the paste slurry to be filled solidifies, the filling device is moved forward, forming a roadway at the end of the filling mining face for ventilation and the transport of personnel and materials.

[0118] Step 5: Cyclic Operation Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the coal seam in the panel is fully mined.

[0119] Through the implementation of this embodiment, green mining of coal resources has been achieved in the water source protection area, effectively controlling the subsidence and collapse of the overlying strata, protecting the aquifer, and reducing the amount of roadway excavation by using the goaf-keeping technique, thereby improving mining efficiency.

[0120] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A filling device for coal mining, characterized in that, include: At least one first support, the first support comprising: A first tail stop assembly, which switches between a first retracted position and a first filling position, wherein the first tail stop assembly in the first filling position includes a first sealing surface with an adjustable area. A second support is disposed on one side of the first support, and the second support includes: The second tail stop assembly has a second retracted position and a second filling position. The second tail stop assembly located in the second filling position includes a second sealing surface with an adjustable area. The second sealing surface and the first sealing surface are used to form a filling working surface facing the filling body. A side stop assembly is movably disposed on the side of the second tail stop assembly away from the first bracket. The side stop assembly is movable relative to the second tail stop assembly so that at least a portion of the side stop assembly protrudes relative to the filling working surface.

2. The filling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first tailgate assembly includes: A first body, the first body including the first retraction position and the first filling position; Multiple first sealing plates are movably disposed on the first body, and the first sealing plates can move relative to the first tail baffle assembly to adjust the first sealing surface of the first tail baffle assembly; The second tailgate assembly includes: The second body includes the second retraction position and the second filling position; Multiple second sealing plates are movably disposed on the second tailgate assembly. The second sealing plates can move relative to the second tailgate assembly to adjust the second sealing surface of the second tailgate assembly.

3. The filling device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first tailgate assembly includes: Multiple first driving components, each corresponding to a multiple first sealing plates, are disposed between the first sealing plates and the first body. The first driving components can drive the first sealing plates to move closer to or away from the first body. The second tailgate assembly includes: Multiple second driving components, each corresponding to a multiple second sealing plates, are disposed between the second sealing plates and the second body. The second driving components can drive the second sealing plates to move closer to or away from the second body.

4. The filling device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The plurality of first sealing plates extend in not exactly the same direction; and / or Multiple second sealing plates extend in not exactly the same direction.

5. The filling device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The side guard assembly includes an adjustable side guard sealing surface, and there is a space to be filled between the filling working surface and the side guard sealing surface.

6. The filling device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The filling working surface extends along a first direction, and the side stop assembly moves along a second direction different from the first direction.

7. The filling device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The side guard assembly includes: A side stop body, which is movable between a third retracted position and a third filling position, wherein the side stop body at the third filling position protrudes relative to the filling working surface; A side guard sealing plate is movably mounted on the side guard body. The side guard sealing plate can move relative to the side guard body to adjust the side guard sealing surface.

8. The filling device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The side guard assembly includes: A third driving member is disposed between the side guard body and the side guard sealing plate, and the third driving member can drive the side guard sealing plate to move closer to or away from the side guard body.

9. A backfilling method for coal mining, implemented by the backfilling device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The filling method includes: Control the first tail stop assembly of the first bracket to move to the first filling position; Control the second tail stop assembly of the second bracket to move to the second filling position; Adjust the first sealing surface of the first tailgate assembly and the second sealing surface of the second tailgate assembly until the sealing parameters of the filling working surface meet the first preset sealing parameters; Control the side stop assembly of the second bracket to move to the third filling position; Adjust the side sealing surface of the side shield assembly until the sealing parameters of the side sealing surface meet the second preset sealing parameters.

10. The filling method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The filling method further includes: Slurry is injected into the filling space formed by the filling working surface and the side sealing surface; When the slurry has completely solidified into a filling material, control the first support and the second support to retract to their initial positions; The filling device is controlled to move a preset filling step distance in a direction away from the filling body.

Images