A ganoderma lucidum solid extract, a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine extract formula, and particularly relates to a ganoderma lucidum solid extract, a preparation method and application thereof. The ganoderma lucidum solid extract is prepared by using ganoderma lucidum powder as raw material, 50-70% ethanol aqueous solution as extraction solvent, and first enzymolysis in an acidic environment, then ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and drying. The composite enzyme is prepared by mixing cellulase, pectinase and xylanase at a mass ratio of 1-2:1:1. The mass percentage of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide and ganoderma lucidum triterpene in the ganoderma lucidum solid extract reaches 16.3% and 9.5% respectively, which effectively improves the content of active components of the ganoderma lucidum solid extract and the antioxidant capacity compared with water extraction process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine extract formulation technology, specifically relating to a solid extract of Ganoderma lucidum, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] Reishi mushroom, a traditional medicinal and edible ingredient, is mainly distributed in Northeast, East, and South China. Wild reishi mushrooms often grow epiphytically in moist, old broad-leaved forests at altitudes of 300m to 1500m. Rich in active ingredients such as reishi polysaccharides and reishi triterpenes, it possesses significant antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects and is widely used in the development of functional products. Common product types include broken-cell wall reishi spore powder, fruiting body powder, solid extracts, and liquid extracts. Among these, reishi powder solid extracts have become an important development direction for deep-processed reishi products due to their convenience in carrying and consumption.

[0003] The quality of Ganoderma lucidum extract varies considerably due to differences in raw materials and extraction processes. Since its active substances are primarily concentrated within cells, efficiently breaking down cell walls is crucial for extraction. Currently, commonly used industrial extraction methods include water extraction, alcohol extraction, water-plus-alcohol extraction, and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The extracts are then dried using methods such as spray drying or freeze drying to obtain a solid substance. However, the polysaccharide and triterpenoid content in Ganoderma lucidum extracts obtained through these methods is relatively low, resulting in lower antioxidant capacity. If improperly stored and exposed to the external environment for extended periods, deterioration may occur.

[0004] Currently, there are many products on the market that combine Ganoderma lucidum solid extract with functional additives. However, the functions of these compound products are developing in a diversified direction, but they are more numerous and less refined. For example, cordyceps is used to make the product have an immune-boosting effect, and monkey head mushroom is used to make the product have a digestive-aiding effect. However, the efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum extract itself, such as its antioxidant capacity, has not been effectively improved.

[0005] In conclusion, there is a need to develop a new Ganoderma lucidum solid extract product with high polysaccharide and triterpene content. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a Ganoderma lucidum solid extract, along with its efficient preparation method and application scheme. The core advantages of this invention are: (1) The Ganoderma lucidum solid extract exhibits high antioxidant properties: significantly enhancing the antioxidant capacity of the Ganoderma lucidum extract; (2) The Ganoderma lucidum solid extract contains a large number of active ingredients: the preparation process can maximize the retention and enrichment of the effective active ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum; (3) The preparation method is highly efficient and environmentally friendly: the process is efficient and meets the requirements of green environmental protection.

[0007] The first objective of this invention is to provide a Ganoderma lucidum solid extract, which is prepared by using Ganoderma lucidum powder as raw material, an ethanol aqueous solution with a volume fraction of 50% to 70% as the extraction solvent, and in an acidic environment, first undergoing complex enzymatic hydrolysis, then ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and finally drying. The complex enzyme is composed of cellulase, pectinase, and xylanase mixed in a mass ratio of 1 to 2:1:1. The solid extract contains 15.1% to 16.3% Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and 8.4% to 9.5% Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes by mass.

[0008] In the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention, Ganoderma lucidum powder is first extracted with an ethanol aqueous solution with a volume fraction of 50%~70%, then subjected to compound enzymatic hydrolysis, followed by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and drying, which can fully extract Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes. The mass percentages of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes in the obtained solid Ganoderma lucidum extract are as high as 16.3% and 9.5%, respectively, providing a new solid Ganoderma lucidum extract product and effectively improving the antioxidant capacity of solid Ganoderma lucidum extract.

[0009] It should be noted that in this invention, antioxidant capacity is manifested in improved antioxidant activity and improved antioxidant stability. Antioxidant activity refers to the ability to resist external oxidative factors, while antioxidant stability means that the two antioxidant substances, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes, did not show significant loss after 6 months of storage in the Ganoderma lucidum solid extract. The novel Ganoderma lucidum solid extract provided by this invention can effectively solve the problem of poor antioxidant activity in existing Ganoderma lucidum solid extracts. The higher the mass percentage of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes, the higher the antioxidant capacity of the Ganoderma lucidum solid extract.

[0010] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing Ganoderma lucidum solid extract, which mainly includes the following steps: Step 1: Pretreatment of raw materials: After drying and pulverizing the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum powder is obtained. The Ganoderma lucidum powder is mixed with an ethanol aqueous solution with a volume fraction of 50%~70% and the pH is adjusted to acidic. Step 2: Add the compound enzyme to the mixture described in Step 1 for enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrolysis temperature is 45℃~50℃ and the hydrolysis time is 45min~60min. The compound enzyme is obtained by mixing cellulase, pectinase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 1~2:1:1. Step 3: Ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The enzymatic hydrolysate obtained in step 2 is subjected to ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic power is 180W~200W and the time is 30min~40min. Step 4: Dry the liquid obtained in Step 3 to obtain Ganoderma lucidum solid extract.

[0011] Preferably, the drying step is any of the following: (1) The above extract was subjected to vacuum freeze-drying and concentration.

[0012] (2) The above extract is spray-dried.

[0013] (3) The above extract was subjected to microwave vacuum drying.

[0014] This invention is the first to discover the following pattern: (1) When the extraction solvent is replaced with water or a low-concentration ethanol solution, the lipid-soluble components of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes cannot be effectively dissolved and are difficult to extract. The lower the concentration of the ethanol solution, the lower the content of lipid-soluble components of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes, resulting in poor antioxidant capacity of the final Ganoderma lucidum solid extract. When the concentration of the ethanol solution is too high, the solubility of water-soluble components is limited. For example, the water-soluble sugars contained in Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are difficult to dissolve, which also results in poor antioxidant capacity of the final Ganoderma lucidum solid extract.

[0015] (2) Single solvent extraction methods are difficult to achieve the dissolution of different types of active ingredients. Therefore, the inventive concept of this invention is to design a method of compound enzymatic hydrolysis followed by ultrasonic-assisted extraction. First, the cell wall structure of Ganoderma lucidum is destroyed by compound enzymes, and then the dissolution of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes is accelerated by ultrasonic cavitation effect. In addition, the acidic conditions in this invention are conducive to the adsorption of weakly acidic Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes during the extraction process. Compared with the single ethanol aqueous solution extraction method, the extraction efficiency of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes is significantly improved.

[0016] (3) The type and ratio of enzymes, as well as the conditions of ultrasound, also have a significant impact on the extraction results. This is because Ganoderma lucidum has a unique physiological structure, containing a network structure of intertwined "cellulose-hemicellulose-β-glucan-protein". Due to differences in this network structure compared to other plants, different enzymes need to compete for binding sites to exert their enzymatic hydrolysis effect. If the type and ratio of enzymes used are unreasonable, competitive inhibition will occur, reducing the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency and preventing the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoid active ingredients from dissolving smoothly. Ultrasound mainly utilizes the cavitation effect. If the ultrasound time is too long or the power is too high, it will not only destroy the effective components such as Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, but also damage the structure of the enzymes, preventing them from exerting their enzymatic hydrolysis effect. If the ultrasound time is too short or the power is too low, the cavitation effect will be insufficient, and the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoid active ingredients will not dissolve smoothly.

[0017] (4) The order of enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasound has a significant impact on the extraction results. Ultrasound can affect the material structure and interfere with enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, this invention adopts a combined enzymatic hydrolysis followed by ultrasound synergy. This reduces the problem of poor extraction results caused by simultaneous enzymatic hydrolysis and contributes to preserving the antioxidant capacity of Ganoderma lucidum solid extract.

[0018] In summary, this invention is the first to discover that Ganoderma lucidum solid extracts obtained through different processes exhibit varying contents of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and triterpenes, as well as different antioxidant capacities. Based on the experimental results of this invention, the overall extraction scheme involving a 50%–70% (v / v) ethanol aqueous solution, acidic conditions, complex enzyme degradation, followed by ultrasound-assisted extraction, helps to increase the contents of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and triterpenes in Ganoderma lucidum solid extracts, and also helps to enhance the antioxidant capacity of Ganoderma lucidum solid extracts.

[0019] In summary, the key innovation of the preparation method of this invention lies in the overall approach of using a specific concentration of ethanol aqueous solution, compound enzymatic hydrolysis, and subsequent ultrasonic-assisted extraction to increase the content of effective components such as Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes in Ganoderma lucidum solid extract, thereby ultimately enhancing the antioxidant capacity of Ganoderma lucidum solid extract.

[0020] Furthermore, the acidic environment with a pH of 4.6 to 5.0 provides a suitable pH for enzymatic hydrolysis.

[0021] Furthermore, the amount of compound enzyme added is 0.5% to 1% of the mass of Ganoderma lucidum powder, providing an appropriate total amount of compound enzyme.

[0022] Furthermore, the ratio of Ganoderma lucidum powder to an ethanol aqueous solution with a volume fraction of 50%~70% is 1kg:15~20L, providing a suitable material-liquid ratio.

[0023] Furthermore, the Ganoderma lucidum powder has a particle size of 250-300 mesh, providing a suitable particle size for Ganoderma lucidum powder.

[0024] The above-mentioned pH, total amount of compound enzyme, material-to-liquid ratio, and Ganoderma lucidum powder particle size all ensured the smooth progress of the preparation method.

[0025] The third objective of this invention is to provide an application of Ganoderma lucidum solid extract in the preparation of an antioxidant, wherein the antioxidant is composed of the following raw materials in weight percentages: 5%~15% natural polysaccharides, 10%~25% natural sugar alcohols, and the remainder being Ganoderma lucidum solid extract.

[0026] Preferably, the natural polysaccharide is at least one of chitin, alginic acid, starch, cellulose and their derivatives; The natural sugar alcohol additive is at least one of sorbitol, xylitol, and erythritol.

[0027] Natural polysaccharides and natural sugar alcohols, as additives in the compounding of Ganoderma lucidum extract, have a significantly better antioxidant effect than single-factor compounds, exhibiting a synergistic effect.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: In the technical solution of this invention, Ganoderma lucidum powder is first extracted with an ethanol aqueous solution of 50%~70% by volume, then subjected to compound enzymatic hydrolysis, followed by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and drying. This process can fully extract Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes. The resulting solid extract contains Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes at mass percentages of 15.1%~16.3% and 8.4%~9.5%, respectively. This effectively enhances the antioxidant capacity of the solid extract and can effectively solve the problem of poor antioxidant properties of existing solid extracts of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0029] The key innovation of this invention lies in its overall approach of using a specific concentration (50%–70% by volume) of ethanol-water solution, coordinated degradation by multiple enzymes, and subsequent ultrasound-assisted extraction to enhance the content of effective components such as Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and triterpenes in the Ganoderma lucidum extract, ultimately improving the antioxidant capacity of the extract. A pH of 4.6–5.0, a total enzyme dosage of 0.5%–1%, a material-to-liquid ratio of 1 kg:15–20 L, and a Ganoderma lucidum powder particle size of 250–300 mesh all contribute to ensuring the smooth execution of the preparation method.

[0030] This invention mixes Ganoderma lucidum solid extract with natural polysaccharides and natural sugar alcohols, which improves the flavor and nutrients of Ganoderma lucidum solid extract, and the final product form is easy to carry, thus realizing the complete and efficient exertion of the efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a photograph of the solid extract of Ganoderma lucidum from Example 1.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a photograph of the solid extract of Ganoderma lucidum from Example 2.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a picture of an antioxidant. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0035] Unless otherwise specified, all reagents used in this invention are commercially available, and all methods used are conventional techniques in the art.

[0036] The enzymes used in this invention are sourced from the following sources: Cellulase, model SPE-0174 (plant extract specific), enzyme activity 3500U / g, food grade, manufactured by Xiasheng (Beijing) Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd.

[0037] Xylanase, model SBE-02X, food grade, Ningxia Xiasheng Industrial Group Co., Ltd.

[0038] Pectinase, model SPE-010 for plant extraction, 5000U / g, food grade, Ningxia Xiasheng Industrial Group Co., Ltd.

[0039] Hemicellulase, model FDY-2263, 50,000 U / ml, food grade, Ningxia Xiasheng Industrial Group Co., Ltd.

[0040] Example 1 A Ganoderma lucidum solid extract, the preparation method of which is as follows: (1) Pretreatment: Select 1 kg of fresh Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body, remove impurities and wash with deionized water, place in a freeze dryer at -35℃ and dry to a moisture content of 4.2%, then pulverize at 20℃ using ultra-micro pulverization technology, pass through a 250-mesh sieve to obtain Ganoderma lucidum ultra-micro powder.

[0041] (2) Compound enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasound-assisted extraction: Ganoderma lucidum ultrafine powder was added to the extraction tank, and 70% ethanol aqueous solution was added at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1 kg: 20 L. 0.5% (by weight) of compound enzyme (compound enzyme composed of cellulase, pectinase, and xylanase in a mass ratio of 2:1:1) was added. The pH of the extraction system was adjusted to 5.0 with citric acid, and the mixture was stirred and hydrolyzed at 50°C for 45 min. Subsequently, the ultrasonic equipment was turned on, and ultrasonic extraction was performed at an ultrasonic frequency of 25 kHz and a power of 180 W for 40 min. The mixture was centrifuged at 5000 r / min for 20 min, and the supernatant was collected.

[0042] (3) Drying: The supernatant was transferred to a vacuum freeze concentration device and concentrated to a solid content of 25% under vacuum of 0.09 MPa and temperature of -8℃ to obtain a concentrated liquid; then it was dried by spray dryer with the inlet air temperature controlled at 170℃, the outlet air temperature at 75℃ and the feed rate at 8 mL / min, and the dried product was collected to obtain Ganoderma lucidum solid extract.

[0043] The Ganoderma lucidum solid extract was tested and found to have the following characteristics: moisture content 2.5%, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide mass percentage 16.3%, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes mass percentage 9.5%, and after being stored at 80% relative humidity and 25℃ for 6 months, the moisture absorption rate was 3.9%, and the retention rate of the total mass of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes was 92.5%. A photograph of the actual Ganoderma lucidum solid extract from Example 1 can be found here. Figure 1 .

[0044] Example 2 A Ganoderma lucidum solid extract, the preparation method of which is as follows: (1) Pretreatment: Select 1 kg of fresh Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body, remove impurities and wash with deionized water, place in a freeze dryer at -35℃ and dry to a moisture content of 4.2%, then pulverize at 20℃ using ultra-micro pulverization technology, pass through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain Ganoderma lucidum ultra-micro powder.

[0045] (2) Compound enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasound-assisted extraction: Ganoderma lucidum ultrafine powder was added to the extraction tank, and 50% ethanol aqueous solution was added at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1 kg: 15 L. 1% (by mass) of a compound enzyme (composed of cellulase, pectinase, and xylanase in a mass ratio of 1:1:1) was added. The pH of the extraction system was adjusted to 4.6 with citric acid, and the mixture was stirred and hydrolyzed at 45°C for 60 min. Subsequently, the ultrasonic equipment was turned on, and ultrasonic extraction was performed at an ultrasonic frequency of 25 kHz and a power of 200 W for 30 min. The mixture was centrifuged at 5000 r / min for 20 min, and the supernatant was collected.

[0046] (3) Drying: The supernatant was transferred to a vacuum freeze concentration device and concentrated to a solid content of 25% under vacuum of 0.09 MPa and temperature of -8℃ to obtain a concentrated liquid; then it was dried by spray dryer with the inlet air temperature controlled at 170℃, the outlet air temperature at 75℃ and the feed rate at 8 mL / min, and the dried product was collected to obtain Ganoderma lucidum solid extract.

[0047] The Ganoderma lucidum solid extract was tested and found to have the following characteristics: moisture content 2.5%, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide mass percentage 15.1%, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes mass percentage 8.4%, and after being stored at 80% relative humidity and 25℃ for 6 months, the moisture absorption rate was 3.8%, and the retention rate of the total mass of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes was 92.0%. A photograph of the actual Ganoderma lucidum solid extract from Example 2 can be found here. Figure 2 .

[0048] It should be noted that, in addition to the methods of Example 1 and Example 2, a purification step can be added between (2) and (3) of Example 1, or between (2) and (3) of Example 2, in order to further increase the content of effective components such as Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids. The purification steps are as follows: Purification: The extract is cooled to 25°C and filtered using a plate and frame filter press. The filtrate is collected. The filter screen used in the plate and frame filter press has a mesh size of 200. The filtrate is centrifuged at 5000 r / min for 10 min and the supernatant is taken.

[0049] An exemplary embodiment with an added purification step is described in Example 3 below.

[0050] Example 3 A Ganoderma lucidum solid extract, the preparation method of which is as follows: (1) Pretreatment: Select 1 kg of fresh Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body, remove impurities and wash with deionized water, place in a freeze dryer at -35℃ and dry to a moisture content of 4.2%, then pulverize at 20℃ using ultra-micro pulverization technology, pass through a 250-mesh sieve to obtain Ganoderma lucidum ultra-micro powder.

[0051] (2) Compound enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasound-assisted extraction: Ganoderma lucidum ultrafine powder was added to the extraction tank, and 70% ethanol aqueous solution was added at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1 kg: 20 L. 0.5% (by weight) of compound enzyme (compound enzyme composed of cellulase, pectinase, and xylanase in a mass ratio of 2:1:1) was added. The pH of the extraction system was adjusted to 5.0 with citric acid, and the mixture was stirred and hydrolyzed at 50℃ for 45 min. Subsequently, the ultrasonic equipment was turned on, and ultrasonic extraction was performed at an ultrasonic frequency of 25 kHz and a power of 180 W for 40 min. The mixture was centrifuged at 5000 r / min for 20 min, and the first supernatant was collected.

[0052] The purification steps are as follows: The first supernatant is cooled to 25°C and filtered using a plate and frame filter press. The filtrate is collected. The filter screen used in the plate and frame filter press has a mesh size of 200. The filtrate is centrifuged at 5000 r / min for 10 min, and the second supernatant is collected.

[0053] (3) Drying: The second supernatant was transferred to a vacuum freeze concentration device and concentrated to a solid content of 25% under vacuum of 0.09 MPa and temperature of -8℃ to obtain a concentrated liquid; then it was dried by spray dryer with the inlet air temperature controlled at 170℃, the outlet air temperature controlled at 75℃ and the feed rate controlled at 8 mL / min, and the dried product was collected to obtain Ganoderma lucidum solid extract.

[0054] This invention also investigated the effects of different extraction processes on the extraction results, and the specific experiments and results are as follows.

[0055] I. The Influence of Different Extraction Reagents on Extraction Results The only difference between Example 1 and Control Groups 1 to 3 is the extraction solvent.

[0056] The solid extract of Ganoderma lucidum was tested, and the following indicators were tested: the mass percentage of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, the mass percentage of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes, and the retention rate of the total mass of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes (both by mass) after being placed at 80% relative humidity and 25℃ for 6 months.

[0057] The experimental setup and test results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from the results in Table 1, when the extraction solvent was replaced with water or low / high concentration ethanol solutions, the retention rates of the mass percentages of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes, and the total mass of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes all decreased significantly. The reason for this is that the lower the concentration of the ethanol solution, the lower the content of the lipid-soluble components of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes; and when the concentration of the ethanol solution is too high, the solubility of water-soluble components is limited.

[0058] Table 1 Experimental setup and test results (n=3) II. Effects of different enzyme types and dosages on extraction results The only difference between Example 1 and Control Groups 4 to 6 is the type and amount of enzyme used.

[0059] The solid extract of Ganoderma lucidum was tested, and the following indicators were tested: the mass percentage of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, the mass percentage of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes, and the retention rate of the total mass of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes (both by mass) after being placed at 80% relative humidity and 25℃ for 6 months.

[0060] The experimental setup and test results are shown in Table 2. Table 2 shows that when the type and amount of enzyme changed, the retention rates of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes, and the total mass of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes all decreased significantly. This suggests that improper enzyme type and ratio should be avoided, as this can lead to reduced enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency.

[0061] Table 2 Experimental Setup and Test Results II (n=3) III. The Influence of Different Ultrasonic Conditions on Extraction Results The only difference between Example 1 and Control Groups 7 to 10 was the ultrasound conditions.

[0062] The solid extract of Ganoderma lucidum was tested, and the following indicators were tested: the mass percentage of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, the mass percentage of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes, and the retention rate of the total mass of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes (both by mass) after being placed at 80% relative humidity and 25℃ for 6 months.

[0063] The experimental setup and test results are shown in Table 3. The results in Table 3 show that the ultrasonic conditions have a significant impact on the extraction results. If the ultrasonic time is too long or the power is too high, or if the ultrasonic time is too short or the power is too low, the active components of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes will not dissolve smoothly. The table shows the effects on the retention rates of the mass percentages of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes, and the total mass of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes. This suggests that the ultrasonic conditions in Example 1 were the optimal conditions.

[0064] Table 3 Experimental Setup and Test Results (n=3) IV. The Impact of Different Extraction Methods on Extraction Results The only difference between Example 1 and Control Groups 11 to 14 is the type of extraction method.

[0065] The solid extract of Ganoderma lucidum was tested, and the following indicators were tested: the mass percentage of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, the mass percentage of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes, and the retention rate of the total mass of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes (both by mass) after being placed at 80% relative humidity and 25℃ for 6 months.

[0066] The experimental setup and test results are shown in Table 4. The results in Table 4 show that the order of enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasonication significantly affects the extraction results. This suggests that the optimal process in Example 1, which involves enzymatic hydrolysis followed by ultrasonic-assisted extraction, is the best approach.

[0067] Table 4 Experimental Setup and Test Results (n=3) V. Antioxidant Experiment A subacute aging mouse model was established. The model construction method is described in "Niu Yujie, Meng Dingshui, Dai Guowei. Effects of Yuping Bushen Decoction on Oxidative Stress in Subacute Aging Mouse Model [J]. Shaanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2010(4):2.DOI:10.3969 / j.issn.1000-7369.2010.04.070". D-galactose-induced aging 6-week-old male Kunming mice of grade II were used to establish the model. Experimental groups were set up. The mice were divided into a healthy group (healthy mice were given an equal amount of distilled water by gavage), a model group (model mice were given an equal amount of distilled water by gavage), the Ganoderma lucidum solid extract group of Example 1 (a mixture with a concentration of 3 mg / mL was prepared using distilled water), and control groups 1 to 13 (a mixture with a concentration of 3 mg / mL was prepared using distilled water). The mice were given 0.5 mL of the mixture by gavage once a day for 42 consecutive days. The mice had free access to food. Mouse body weight was measured; SOD, MDA, GSH-PX, and GSH levels in mouse liver tissue homogenate were determined; and IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in mouse liver tissue were measured. The antioxidant activity of different extracts was systematically evaluated using these indicators. Five mice were used in each group, and the results were averaged.

[0068] The results in Tables 5 and 6 show that the group in Example 1 of this invention can significantly alleviate aging. Combining the data in Tables 1 to 6, it can be seen that the anti-aging effect gradually increases with the gradual increase in the mass percentage of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and the mass percentage of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes.

[0069] Table 5. Body weight and content of SOD, MDA, GSH-PX, and GSH of different extracts. Table 6. IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in mouse liver tissue. This invention blends Ganoderma lucidum solid extract with natural polysaccharides and natural sugar alcohols, improving the flavor and nutritional value of the Ganoderma lucidum solid extract. The final product is easy to carry, achieving the complete and efficient release of Ganoderma lucidum's efficacy. The specific formulation of the compounded antioxidants is as follows:

[0070] The antioxidant is composed of the following raw materials in weight percentages: 15% starch, 10% xylitol, and the remainder being the Ganoderma lucidum solid extract from Example 1. See the physical image of the antioxidant. Figure 3 .

[0071] It should be noted that when numerical ranges are involved in this invention, it should be understood that both endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints can be selected. Since the steps and methods used are the same as in the embodiments, preferred embodiments are described in this invention to avoid redundancy. Although preferred embodiments of this invention have been described, those skilled in the art, once they understand the inventive concept of this invention, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of this invention.

[0072] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. If such modifications and variations fall within the scope of equivalents of this invention, then this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A Ganoderma lucidum solid extract, characterized in that, It is prepared by using Ganoderma lucidum powder as raw material, 50%~70% ethanol aqueous solution as extraction solvent, in an acidic environment, first by compound enzymatic hydrolysis, then by ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and finally by drying. The composite enzyme is composed of cellulase, pectinase and xylanase mixed in a mass ratio of 1 to 2:1:

1. The Ganoderma lucidum solid extract contains 15.1% to 16.3% by mass of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and 8.4% to 9.5% by mass of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes.

2. The method for preparing the Ganoderma lucidum solid extract according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: After drying and pulverizing the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum powder is obtained. The Ganoderma lucidum powder is mixed with an ethanol aqueous solution with a volume fraction of 50%~70% and the pH is adjusted to acidity. The compound enzyme is added to the mixture for enzymatic hydrolysis at a temperature of 45℃~50℃ for 45min~60min; the compound enzyme is composed of cellulase, pectinase and xylanase mixed in a mass ratio of 1~2:1:

1. The extraction was performed using ultrasound-assisted extraction, with a power of 180W~200W and a time of 30min~40min. Finally, after drying, a solid extract of Ganoderma lucidum was obtained.

3. The method for preparing Ganoderma lucidum solid extract according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pH value is 4.6~5.

0.

4. The method for preparing Ganoderma lucidum solid extract according to claim 2, characterized in that, The amount of compound enzyme added is 0.5% to 1% of the mass of Ganoderma lucidum powder.

5. The method for preparing Ganoderma lucidum solid extract according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ratio of Ganoderma lucidum powder to 50%~70% ethanol aqueous solution is 1kg:15~20L.

6. The method for preparing Ganoderma lucidum solid extract according to claim 2, characterized in that, The particle size of Ganoderma lucidum powder is 250-300 mesh ultrafine powder.

7. The application of the Ganoderma lucidum solid extract according to claim 1 in the preparation of antioxidants, characterized in that, The antioxidant is composed of the following raw materials in weight percentage: 5%~15% natural polysaccharides, 10%~25% natural sugar alcohols, and the remainder is Ganoderma lucidum solid extract.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, The natural polysaccharide is at least one of chitin, alginic acid, starch, cellulose and their derivatives; The natural sugar alcohol additive is at least one of sorbitol, xylitol, and erythritol.

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