Atmospheric pollution treatment device and method for preparing negative electrode material of lithium battery

Abstract

The application provides an atmospheric pollution treatment device and a method for preparing a lithium battery negative electrode material. The application relates to the field of atmospheric pollution treatment, and the atmospheric pollution treatment device comprises a ground-mounted introduction mechanism. The atmospheric pollution treatment device and the method for preparing the lithium battery negative electrode material can effectively delay the exhaust gas flow rate to stabilize the gas volume through the lower baffle and the upper baffle staggered arranged in the introduction pipe. The solid particle impurities generated in the calcination process are deposited at the bottom of the pipe. The activated carbon box is used for removing peculiar smell and adsorbing tiny particles. The exhaust gas flows through the porous filler balls stacked on the filler tray. The alkali solution is lifted to the water spraying pipe by the circulating pump and is uniformly sprayed downward, so that the alkali solution and the hydrogen fluoride gas in the rising exhaust gas are contacted on the surface of the filler balls and neutralization reaction occurs, the efficient removal of hydrogen fluoride is realized, the alkali solution is recycled to reduce the cost, the hierarchical and collaborative treatment of the solid particles, peculiar smell and hydrogen fluoride in the calcination exhaust gas is realized, and the environmental protection level is significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of air pollution control, and in particular to an air pollution control device and a method for preparing lithium battery anode materials. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth of industrialization and energy demand, air pollution control and the development of lithium battery anode materials have become two important issues in the current environmental and energy fields. In terms of air pollution control, the large amounts of flue gas emitted by key industries such as power and steel contain pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. In the field of lithium-ion batteries, the actual capacity of commercial graphite anode materials has approached their theoretical value, which is difficult to meet the urgent demand for high energy density in electric vehicles and other applications. Developing air pollution control equipment that can adapt to complex working conditions and achieve efficient and coordinated control, as well as exploring new anode materials with high capacity and long cycle life and their controllable preparation methods, are of great significance for promoting the coordinated development of environmental governance technologies and new energy technologies.

[0003] Existing air pollution control devices use an air intake assembly to discharge the gas to be treated into the treatment tank. The air is then treated through a filter hood and an adsorption assembly. The inside of the filter hood and the gas during the treatment process are sprayed to improve the filtration effect. The treatment assembly, in conjunction with a water source, removes the filter residue inside the filter pores, thus improving the self-cleaning effect of the equipment.

[0004] However, in the process of treating air pollution, the existing air pollution control devices are unstable in terms of air flow rate due to the front-end calcination reaction during the gas input into the treatment tank. When the air flow rate increases suddenly, the treatment effect is easily reduced.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an air pollution control device and a method for preparing lithium battery anode materials to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides an air pollution control device and a method for preparing lithium battery negative electrode materials, which solves the problem that the control effect is easily reduced when the airflow increases suddenly.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an air pollution control device, comprising: an inlet mechanism disposed on the ground, the inlet mechanism including support plates, two support plates being disposed on the ground, an inlet pipe being fixedly installed inside the two support plates, two lower baffles being symmetrically fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the inlet pipe, and an upper baffle being fixedly installed at the top of the inner wall of the inlet pipe.

[0008] An adsorption mechanism, wherein the adsorption mechanism is connected to one end of the inlet tube;

[0009] A treatment mechanism, wherein the treatment mechanism is used to treat the gases produced in the roasting reaction;

[0010] A circulation mechanism, which is connected to the bottom of the treatment mechanism;

[0011] Transparent windows, both of which are located on one side of the governance mechanism.

[0012] Preferably, the adsorption mechanism includes an adsorption port, one of which is connected to one end of the inlet pipe, and an adsorption box is fixedly installed between the two adsorption ports. The adsorption box is set on the ground by a bracket, and an activated carbon box is fixedly installed inside the adsorption box. One end of one of the adsorption ports is connected to a gas supply pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the treatment mechanism is located on the ground and includes a treatment tank. The treatment tank is located on the ground through a bottom cover. One end of the gas supply pipe passes through the outer wall of the treatment tank and extends into the interior. A top cover is fixedly installed on the top of the treatment tank. Two packing discs are respectively provided on the inner wall of the treatment tank through two bearing rings. Several air vents are opened inside the two packing discs. Two transparent windows are provided on one side of the treatment tank.

[0014] Preferably, the circulation mechanism includes a pumping pipe and a water outlet column. The pumping pipe is connected to the bottom of the bottom cover, and the end of the pumping pipe is connected to a circulation pump via a three-way valve. The outlet end of the circulation pump is connected to an outlet pipe. One end of the outlet pipe penetrates the outer wall of the treatment tank and extends into the interior. The surface of the water outlet column is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the treatment tank via two support plates. A water spraying groove is provided at the top of the water outlet column. The surface of the water outlet pipe is rotatably mounted to the interior of the water spraying groove. Two water spraying pipes are connected to each side of the water spraying groove. Several water spraying holes are provided at the bottom of each of the two water spraying pipes. The bottom end of the water outlet column penetrates the top of the two packing discs and extends to the top of the bottom cover.

[0015] Preferably, a cooling mechanism is fixedly installed on the surface of the inlet pipe. The cooling mechanism includes a cooling cylinder and a cooling water tank. The cooling cylinder is fixedly installed on the surface of the inlet pipe. Three water flow baffles are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cooling cylinder. The cooling water tank is located on the ground. A cooling water pump is connected to one side of the cooling water tank through a connecting pipe. The outlet of the cooling water pump is connected to the bottom of the cooling cylinder through a connecting pipe. The bottom of the cooling cylinder is connected to one side of the cooling water tank through a cooling water pipe.

[0016] Preferably, two driving mechanisms are fixedly installed on the surface of the water outlet column. Each driving mechanism includes a driving plate, which is fixedly installed on the surface of the water outlet column. Two driving balls are symmetrically fixedly installed on the top of the driving plate.

[0017] Preferably, two packing balls are symmetrically fixedly installed at the bottom of each of the two packing discs, and the four driving balls are respectively adapted to and installed with the four packing balls.

[0018] Preferably, six scrapers are fixedly installed at the bottom of the water column, and six blades are fixedly installed on the surface of the water column. The six blades are adapted to the air supply pipe, and a clean water tank is connected to one side of the three-way valve through a connecting pipe.

[0019] Preferably, the bottom of the bottom cover is connected to a drain pipe, and one side of the treatment tank is connected to a dosing pipe.

[0020] A method for preparing a lithium battery anode material includes the following steps:

[0021] S1: The collected aluminum electrolysis waste carbon cathode is crushed and pulverized by a planetary ball mill and a grinding mill and then sieved to a certain mesh size. After sieving, it is placed in a drying oven and dried at a certain temperature for a period of time for later use.

[0022] S2: Weigh the dried waste carbon cathode and a certain concentration of sodium hydroxide solution and mix them according to a specific solid-liquid ratio. Add an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethanol as a dispersant. Sonicate the mixture at a certain power for a period of time at room temperature. After sonication, place the resulting slurry in a constant temperature water bath and stir and evaporate the remaining water under a certain temperature condition until the slurry becomes viscous.

[0023] S3: Transfer the remaining black slurry to a corundum crucible and place it in a tube furnace. Under an argon atmosphere, heat it to a specific temperature at a certain heating rate and roast it for a period of time. During the roasting process, treat the roasting exhaust gas through an air pollution control device.

[0024] S4: The calcined and cooled waste carbon cathode is ground and crushed in an agate crucible. The crushed waste carbon cathode is weighed and mixed with a certain concentration of hydrogen chloride solution in a certain solid-liquid ratio. The mixture is placed in a constant temperature water bath and reacted at a certain temperature for a period of time to obtain filter residue A and filtrate A.

[0025] S5: Mix filter residue A with distilled water in a specific solid-liquid ratio, wash with water, repeat three times until the washing liquid is neutral, and obtain high-performance carbon that can be used as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries through solid-liquid separation. Collect the washing liquid and mix it with filtrate A, and recover valuable components such as fluorine, sodium and aluminum from the liquid by adjusting pH and other processes.

[0026] Compared with related technologies, the air pollution control device provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] This invention provides an air pollution control device. By using staggered lower and upper baffles inside the inlet pipe, the exhaust gas velocity is effectively slowed down to stabilize the gas volume. Solid particulate impurities generated during the roasting process settle at the bottom of the pipe. An activated carbon box removes odors and adsorbs fine particles. The exhaust gas flows through porous packing balls stacked on a packing disc. A circulating pump lifts the alkaline solution to a spray pipe for uniform downward spraying. This allows the alkaline solution to contact and neutralize the hydrogen fluoride gas in the rising exhaust gas on the surface of the packing balls, achieving efficient removal of hydrogen fluoride. The alkaline solution is recycled to reduce costs. This device achieves graded and synergistic treatment of solid particles, odors, and hydrogen fluoride in the roasting exhaust gas, significantly improving environmental protection levels. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of an air pollution control device provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the inlet mechanism;

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the adsorption mechanism.

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the governance organization.

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the circulating mechanism.

[0033] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Another schematic diagram of the circulating mechanism shown;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second embodiment of an air pollution control device;

[0035] Figure 8 This is another structural schematic diagram of a second embodiment of an air pollution control device;

[0036] Figure 9 for Figure 7 The diagram shows the structure of the cooling mechanism.

[0037] Figure 10 for Figure 7 The diagram shows the installation of the scraper.

[0038] Figure 11 for Figure 10 The diagram shows the installation of the blades;

[0039] Figure 12 for Figure 11 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A is shown below;

[0040] Figure 13 This is a process flow diagram of a method for preparing lithium battery anode materials.

[0041] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Inlet Mechanism; 101. Support Plate; 102. Inlet Pipe; 103. Lower Baffle Plate; 104. Upper Baffle Plate; 2. Adsorption Mechanism; 201. Adsorption Box; 202. Adsorption Port; 203. Gas Supply Pipe; 204. Activated Carbon Box; 3. Treatment Mechanism; 301. Treatment Tank; 302. Top Cover; 303. Bottom Cover; 304. Packing Disc; 305. Vent Hole; 4. Circulation Mechanism; 401. Water Pump Pipe; 402. Three-Way Valve; 403. Circulation Pump. 404. Water outlet pipe; 405. Water outlet column; 406. Sprinkler pipe; 407. Sprinkler trough; 408. Sprinkler hole; 5. Cooling mechanism; 501. Cooling cylinder; 502. Water flow baffle; 503. Cooling water pump; 504. Cooling water pipe; 505. Cooling water tank; 6. Drive mechanism; 601. Drive plate; 602. Drive ball; 7. Packing sphere; 8. Scraper; 9. Blade; 10. Clean water tank; 11. Drain pipe; 12. Transparent window; 13. Chemical dosing pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0043] First Embodiment

[0044] Please refer to the following: Figures 1-6 An air pollution control device includes: an inlet mechanism 1 disposed on the ground, the inlet mechanism 1 including support plates 101, two support plates 101 being disposed on the ground, an inlet pipe 102 being fixedly installed inside the two support plates 101, two lower baffles 103 being symmetrically fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the inlet pipe 102, and an upper baffle 104 being fixedly installed at the top of the inner wall of the inlet pipe 102;

[0045] Adsorption mechanism 2, which is connected to one end of the inlet tube 102;

[0046] Treatment mechanism 3, wherein the treatment mechanism 3 is used to treat the gases generated by the roasting reaction;

[0047] A circulation mechanism 4 is connected to the bottom of the treatment mechanism 3;

[0048] Transparent windows 12, both of which are disposed on one side of the governance mechanism 3.

[0049] The adsorption mechanism 2 includes an adsorption port 202, one of which is connected to one end of the inlet pipe 102. An adsorption box 201 is fixedly installed between the two adsorption ports 202. The adsorption box 201 is set on the ground by a bracket. An activated carbon box 204 is fixedly installed inside the adsorption box 201. One end of one of the adsorption ports 202 is connected to a gas delivery pipe 203.

[0050] The treatment mechanism 3 is set on the ground. The treatment mechanism 3 includes a treatment tank 301. The treatment tank 301 is set on the ground through a bottom cover 303. One end of the gas supply pipe 203 passes through the outer wall of the treatment tank 301 and extends into the interior. A top cover 302 is fixedly installed on the top of the treatment tank 301. Two packing discs 304 are respectively set on the inner wall of the treatment tank 301 through two bearing rings. Several vent holes 305 are opened in the interior of the two packing discs 304. Two transparent windows 12 are set on one side of the treatment tank 301.

[0051] The circulation mechanism 4 includes a water suction pipe 401 and a water outlet column 405. The water suction pipe 401 is connected to the bottom of the bottom cover 303. The end of the water suction pipe 401 is connected to a circulation pump 403 through a three-way valve 402. The outlet end of the circulation pump 403 is connected to an outlet pipe 404. One end of the outlet pipe 404 penetrates the outer wall of the treatment tank 301 and extends into the interior. The surface of the water outlet column 405 is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the treatment tank 301 through two support plates. A water spraying groove 407 is provided at the top of the water outlet column 405. The surface of the water outlet pipe 404 is rotatably mounted to the interior of the water spraying groove 407. Two water spraying pipes 406 are connected to both sides of the water spraying groove 407. Several water spraying holes 408 are provided at the bottom of each of the two water spraying pipes 406. The bottom end of the water outlet column 405 penetrates the top of the two packing discs 304 and extends to the top of the bottom cover 303.

[0052] In actual use, several porous packing balls are placed on the top of each of the two packing discs 304; the surface of the water outlet column 405 is slidably installed with the interior of the two packing discs 304; the alkaline solution inside the treatment tank 301 is a sodium hydroxide solution.

[0053] The working principle of the air pollution control device provided by this invention is as follows:

[0054] First, the exhaust gas channel generated during the tube furnace roasting process is connected to the inlet pipe 102. The exhaust gas is input into the interior of the inlet pipe 102. After the exhaust gas enters the inlet pipe 102, it first flows through the lower baffle 103, and then flows from below the upper baffle 104 to another lower baffle 103, which slows down and stabilizes the exhaust gas flow rate. At the same time, it can also settle the solid particulate impurities generated during the roasting process, and finally flow out from the end of the inlet pipe 102.

[0055] Then, after the exhaust gas flows out from the end of the inlet pipe 102, it enters the interior of the adsorption box 201 from the adsorption port 202 on the left. Inside the adsorption box 201, the exhaust gas removes odors and adsorbs fine particles through the activated carbon box 204, and then is discharged into the treatment tank 301 through the gas delivery pipe 203.

[0056] Finally, the exhaust gas enters the treatment tank 301 and flows from bottom to top through two packing discs 304. Porous packing balls are placed on each of the packing discs 304. The alkaline solution inside the treatment tank 301 is drawn by the circulation pump 403 and discharged from the outlet pipe 404 into the water spraying trough 407. Then, the two water spraying pipes 406 discharge downward through the water spraying holes 408 to spray the alkaline solution onto the packing balls. When the exhaust gas flows through the two packing discs 304, it passes through the vent holes 305 and adsorbs the hydrogen fluoride gas contained in the exhaust gas. The treated gas is finally discharged from the top cover 302.

[0057] Compared with related technologies, the air pollution control device provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0058] By using the staggered lower baffles 103 and upper baffles 104 inside the inlet pipe 102, the exhaust gas velocity is effectively slowed down to stabilize the gas volume. Solid particulate impurities generated during the roasting process settle at the bottom of the pipe. The activated carbon box 204 removes odors and adsorbs small particles. The exhaust gas flows through the porous packing balls piled on the packing disc 304. The alkaline solution is lifted to the water spray pipe 406 by the circulation pump 403 and sprayed downwards evenly. This allows the alkaline solution to contact and neutralize the hydrogen fluoride gas in the rising exhaust gas on the surface of the packing balls, achieving efficient removal of hydrogen fluoride. The alkaline solution is recycled to reduce costs. This achieves graded and synergistic treatment of solid particles, odors, and hydrogen fluoride in the roasting exhaust gas, significantly improving the environmental protection level.

[0059] Second Embodiment

[0060] Please refer to the following: Figures 7-12 Based on the air pollution control device provided in the first embodiment of this application, the second embodiment of this application proposes another air pollution control device. The second embodiment is merely a preferred embodiment of the first embodiment, and the implementation of the second embodiment will not affect the separate implementation of the first embodiment.

[0061] Specifically, the difference in the air pollution control device provided in the second embodiment of this application is that a cooling mechanism 5 is fixedly installed on the surface of the inlet pipe 102. The cooling mechanism 5 includes a cooling cylinder 501 and a cooling water tank 505. The cooling cylinder 501 is fixedly installed on the surface of the inlet pipe 102. Three water flow baffles 502 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cooling cylinder 501. The cooling water tank 505 is set on the ground. A cooling water pump 503 is connected to one side of the cooling water tank 505 through a connecting pipe. The outlet of the cooling water pump 503 is connected to the bottom of the cooling cylinder 501 through a connecting pipe. The bottom of the cooling cylinder 501 is connected to one side of the cooling water tank 505 through a cooling water pipe 504.

[0062] Two drive mechanisms 6 are fixedly installed on the surface of the water outlet column 405. Each drive mechanism 6 includes a drive plate 601, which is fixedly installed on the surface of the water outlet column 405. Two drive balls 602 are symmetrically fixedly installed on the top of the drive plate 601.

[0063] Two packing balls 7 are symmetrically fixedly installed at the bottom of each of the two packing discs 304, and the four driving balls 602 are respectively adapted to and installed with the four packing balls 7.

[0064] Six scrapers 8 are fixedly installed at the bottom of the water outlet column 405, and six blades 9 are fixedly installed on the surface of the water outlet column 405. The six blades 9 are adapted to the air supply pipe 203. One side of the three-way valve 402 is connected to the clean water tank 10 through a connecting pipe.

[0065] The bottom of the bottom cover 303 is connected to an vent pipe 11, and the side of the treatment tank 301 is connected to a dosing pipe 13.

[0066] In actual use, the alkaline solution level inside the treatment tank 301 is lower than the height of the blade 9; a cooling component is installed inside the cooling water tank 505.

[0067] The working principle of the air pollution control device provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0068] First, when the exhaust gas enters the inlet pipe 102, the cooling water pump 503 is activated to draw water from the cooling water tank 505. The cooling components inside the cooling water tank 505 cool the water, which is then pumped into the cooling cylinder 501 by the cooling water pump 503. After passing through three water flow baffles 502, the water circulates back into the cooling water tank 505 through the cooling water pipe 504, cools again, and is then reused. At this time, the cooled water comes into contact with the outer wall of the inlet pipe 102 to cool the roasting exhaust gas and prevent the temperature from being too high, which would affect subsequent adsorption and treatment.

[0069] Then, after the exhaust gas enters the treatment tank 301, the exhaust gas drives the blades 9 to rotate. The blades 9 drive the water column 405 to rotate. The water column 405 drives the scraper 8 to continuously stir the bottom circulating liquid to prevent sediment from forming at the bottom of the tank. At the same time, when the water column 405 rotates, it also drives the two drive plates 601 and the water spray pipe 406 to rotate. The rotation of the drive plate 601 drives the drive ball 602 to contact the packing ball 7, causing the two packing discs 304 to vibrate intermittently. At the same time, the water spray pipe 406 rotates and sprays. The vibration of the packing discs 304 causes the packing balls to rub against each other and dynamically loosen. Combined with the alkali flushing, the treatment capacity of the packing balls is continuously refreshed. At the same time, the vibration of the packing discs 304 can also prevent the packing balls from sticking together after long-term use.

[0070] Finally, after treatment is completed, the drain pipe 11 is manually opened to recover the circulating liquid. High-concentration alkaline solution is added through the dosing pipe 13 to improve the treatment capacity of the circulating liquid. The clean water inside the clean water tank 10 is switched through the three-way valve 402 to thoroughly clean the inside of the treatment tank 301 and then discharged through the drain pipe 11.

[0071] Compared with related technologies, the air pollution control device provided in this embodiment has the following beneficial effects:

[0072] Cooling water is drawn from the cooling water tank 505 by the cooling water pump 503 and sent to the cooling cylinder 501. After passing through three water flow baffles 502, the water undergoes sufficient heat exchange and is then recycled. This effectively reduces the temperature of the calcination exhaust gas, preventing high temperatures from adversely affecting subsequent activated carbon adsorption and alkali absorption processes. When the cooled exhaust gas enters the treatment tank 301, it drives the blades 9 to rotate, which in turn drives the water column 405, scraper 8, and sprinkler pipe 406 to rotate synchronously. The scraper 8 continuously agitates the circulating liquid at the bottom of the tank, effectively preventing solid particles from settling. The drive plate 601 intermittently touches the packing spheres 7, causing the two packing discs 304 to vibrate and promote the packing... The dynamic friction and loose arrangement between the balls, combined with the rotating spray of alkaline solution from the water pipe 406, ensures more comprehensive and efficient gas-liquid contact and reaction activity on the surface of the packing balls. This also prevents the packing balls from sticking together and caking due to long-term operation. After treatment, the circulating liquid is recovered through the drain pipe 11, and the high-concentration alkaline solution is conveniently replenished through the dosing pipe 13 to maintain the treatment capacity. The clean water tank 10 is switched to extract clean water through the three-way valve 402 to thoroughly clean the inside of the treatment tank 301. The cleaning wastewater is still discharged from the drain pipe 11. This achieves multiple functions of cooling, adsorption, reaction and self-cleaning in one integrated system, significantly improving treatment efficiency and long-term operational reliability.

[0073] A method for preparing a lithium battery anode material includes the following steps:

[0074] S1: The collected aluminum electrolysis waste carbon cathode is crushed and pulverized by a planetary ball mill and a grinding mill and then sieved to a certain mesh size. After sieving, it is placed in a drying oven and dried at a certain temperature for a period of time for later use.

[0075] S2: Weigh the dried waste carbon cathode and a certain concentration of sodium hydroxide solution and mix them according to a specific solid-liquid ratio. Add an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethanol as a dispersant. Sonicate the mixture at a certain power for a period of time at room temperature. After sonication, place the resulting slurry in a constant temperature water bath and stir and evaporate the remaining water under a certain temperature condition until the slurry becomes viscous.

[0076] S3: Transfer the remaining black slurry to a corundum crucible and place it in a tube furnace. Under an argon atmosphere, heat it to a specific temperature at a certain heating rate and roast it for a period of time. During the roasting process, treat the roasting exhaust gas through an air pollution control device.

[0077] S4: The calcined and cooled waste carbon cathode is ground and crushed in an agate crucible. The crushed waste carbon cathode is weighed and mixed with a certain concentration of hydrogen chloride solution in a certain solid-liquid ratio. The mixture is placed in a constant temperature water bath and reacted at a certain temperature for a period of time to obtain filter residue A and filtrate A.

[0078] S5: Mix filter residue A with distilled water in a specific solid-liquid ratio, wash with water, repeat three times until the washing liquid is neutral, and obtain high-performance carbon that can be used as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries through solid-liquid separation. Collect the washing liquid and mix it with filtrate A, and recover valuable components such as fluorine, sodium and aluminum from the liquid by adjusting pH and other processes.

[0079] First Embodiment

[0080] S1: The collected aluminum electrolysis waste carbon cathode is crushed and pulverized by a planetary ball mill and a grinding mill, and then sieved to 200 mesh. After sieving, it is placed in a drying oven and dried at 105℃ for 12 hours for later use.

[0081] S2: Weigh 10g of dried waste carbon cathode and 4mol / L sodium hydroxide solution and mix them in a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5. Add 0.5vol% anhydrous ethanol as a dispersant and sonicate at 45Hz for 30min at room temperature. After sonication, place the slurry in a constant temperature water bath and stir at 68℃ to evaporate the remaining water until the slurry becomes viscous.

[0082] S3: Transfer the remaining black slurry to a corundum crucible and place it in a tube furnace. Under an argon atmosphere, heat it to 450°C for 3 hours at a heating rate of 5°C / min. During the calcination process, treat the calcination exhaust gas with an air pollution control device.

[0083] S4: The calcined and cooled waste carbon cathode is ground and crushed in an agate crucible. The crushed waste carbon cathode is weighed and mixed with 4 mol / L hydrogen chloride solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:3. The mixture is placed in a constant temperature water bath and reacted at 68℃ for 2 hours to obtain filter residue A and filtrate A.

[0084] S5: Mix filter residue A with distilled water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:3, wash with water, repeat three times until the washing liquid is neutral, and obtain high-performance carbon that can be used as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries through solid-liquid separation. Collect the washing liquid and mix it with filtrate A, and recover valuable components such as fluorine, sodium and aluminum from the liquid by adjusting pH and other processes.

[0085] Second Embodiment

[0086] S1: The collected aluminum electrolysis waste carbon cathode is crushed and pulverized by a planetary ball mill and a grinding mill, and then sieved to 150 mesh. After sieving, it is placed in a drying oven and dried at 105℃ for 12 hours for later use.

[0087] S2: Weigh 20g of dried waste carbon cathode and 5mol / L sodium hydroxide solution and mix them in a solid-liquid ratio of 1:4. Add 1.0 vol% anhydrous ethanol as a dispersant and sonicate at 45 Hz for 45 min at room temperature. After sonication, place the slurry in a constant temperature water bath and stir at 68 ℃ to evaporate the remaining water until the slurry becomes viscous.

[0088] S3: Transfer the remaining black slurry to a corundum crucible and place it in a tube furnace. Under an argon atmosphere, heat it to 550°C for 2 hours at a heating rate of 5°C / min. During the calcination process, treat the calcination exhaust gas with an air pollution control device.

[0089] S4: The calcined and cooled waste carbon cathode is ground and crushed in an agate crucible. The crushed waste carbon cathode is weighed and mixed with 3 mol / L hydrogen chloride solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:4. The mixture is placed in a constant temperature water bath and reacted at 68℃ for 3 hours to obtain filter residue A and filtrate A.

[0090] S5: Mix filter residue A with distilled water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:4, wash with water, repeat three times until the washing liquid is neutral, and obtain high-performance carbon that can be used as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries through solid-liquid separation. Collect the washing liquid and mix it with filtrate A, and recover valuable components such as fluorine, sodium and aluminum from the liquid by adjusting pH and other processes.

[0091] Third Embodiment

[0092] S1: The collected aluminum electrolysis waste carbon cathode is crushed and pulverized by a planetary ball mill and a grinding mill, and then sieved to 150 mesh. After sieving, it is placed in a drying oven and dried at 105℃ for 12 hours for later use.

[0093] S2: Weigh 100g of dried waste carbon cathode and 5mol / L sodium hydroxide solution and mix them in a solid-liquid ratio of 1:4. Add 1.5vol% anhydrous ethanol as a dispersant and sonicate at 45Hz for 60min at room temperature. After sonication, place the slurry in a constant temperature water bath and stir at 70℃ to evaporate the remaining water until the slurry becomes viscous.

[0094] S3: Transfer the remaining black slurry to a corundum crucible and place it in a tube furnace. Under an argon atmosphere, heat it to 500°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min and calcine for 4 hours. During the calcination process, treat the calcination exhaust gas through an air pollution control device.

[0095] S4: The calcined and cooled waste carbon cathode is ground and crushed in an agate crucible. The crushed waste carbon cathode is weighed and mixed with 3 mol / L hydrogen chloride solution in a solid-liquid ratio of 1:3. The mixture is placed in a constant temperature water bath and reacted at 70℃ for 4 hours to obtain filter residue A and filtrate A.

[0096] S5: Mix filter residue A with distilled water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:3, wash with water, repeat three times until the washing liquid is neutral, and obtain high-performance carbon that can be used as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries through solid-liquid separation. Collect the washing liquid and mix it with filtrate A, and recover valuable components such as fluorine, sodium and aluminum from the liquid by adjusting pH and other processes.

[0097] Compared with related technologies, the method for preparing lithium battery anode materials provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0098] This method can efficiently recover carbon from waste carbon cathodes in aluminum electrolysis and convert it into high-performance lithium battery anode materials. It also has the advantages of simple process flow, low cost, and environmental friendliness. The carbon recovered through alkali fusion-acid washing process can be directly used for lithium battery anodes, reducing the cost by more than 40% compared to commercial graphite. The waste liquid can be treated by adjusting the pH to recover valuable components such as fluorine, aluminum, and sodium, achieving the harmless treatment of waste carbon cathodes and realizing the harmless disposal and high-value utilization of hazardous waste. This is of great significance to the sustainable development of the aluminum industry. This method provides an economical and environmentally friendly technical path for the harmless treatment and high-value utilization of waste carbon cathodes and has broad industrial application prospects.

[0099] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An air pollution control device, characterized in that, include: An inlet mechanism is installed on the ground. The inlet mechanism includes two support plates, both of which are installed on the ground. An inlet pipe is fixedly installed inside the two support plates. Two lower baffles are symmetrically fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the inlet pipe, and an upper baffle is fixedly installed at the top of the inner wall of the inlet pipe. An adsorption mechanism, wherein the adsorption mechanism is connected to one end of the inlet tube; A treatment mechanism, wherein the treatment mechanism is used to treat the gases produced in the roasting reaction; A circulation mechanism, which is connected to the bottom of the treatment mechanism; Transparent windows, both of which are located on one side of the governance mechanism.

2. The air pollution control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption mechanism includes an adsorption port, one of which is connected to one end of the inlet pipe, and an adsorption box is fixedly installed between the two adsorption ports. The adsorption box is set on the ground by a bracket, and an activated carbon box is fixedly installed inside the adsorption box. One end of one of the adsorption ports is connected to a gas supply pipe.

3. The air pollution control device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The treatment mechanism is located on the ground and includes a treatment tank. The treatment tank is located on the ground through a bottom cover. One end of the gas supply pipe passes through the outer wall of the treatment tank and extends into the interior. A top cover is fixedly installed on the top of the treatment tank. Two packing discs are respectively provided on the inner wall of the treatment tank through two bearing rings. Several air vents are opened inside the two packing discs. Two transparent windows are provided on one side of the treatment tank.

4. The air pollution control device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The circulation mechanism includes a water suction pipe and a water outlet column. The water suction pipe is connected to the bottom of the bottom cover. The end of the water suction pipe is connected to a circulation pump via a three-way valve. The outlet end of the circulation pump is connected to an outlet pipe. One end of the outlet pipe penetrates the outer wall of the treatment tank and extends into the interior. The surface of the outlet column is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the treatment tank via two support plates. A water spraying groove is provided at the top of the outlet column. The surface of the outlet pipe is rotatably mounted to the interior of the water spraying groove. Two water spraying pipes are connected to each side of the water spraying groove. Several water spraying holes are provided at the bottom of each of the two water spraying pipes. The bottom end of the outlet column penetrates the top of the two packing discs and extends to the top of the bottom cover.

5. The air pollution control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A cooling mechanism is fixedly installed on the surface of the inlet pipe. The cooling mechanism includes a cooling cylinder and a cooling water tank. The cooling cylinder is fixedly installed on the surface of the inlet pipe. Three water flow baffles are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cooling cylinder. The cooling water tank is located on the ground. A cooling water pump is connected to one side of the cooling water tank through a connecting pipe. The outlet of the cooling water pump is connected to the bottom of the cooling cylinder through a connecting pipe. The bottom of the cooling cylinder is connected to one side of the cooling water tank through a cooling water pipe.

6. The air pollution control device according to claim 4, characterized in that, Two drive mechanisms are fixedly installed on the surface of the water column. Each drive mechanism includes a drive plate, which is fixedly installed on the surface of the water column. Two drive balls are symmetrically fixedly installed on the top of the drive plate.

7. An air pollution control device according to claim 6, characterized in that, Two packing balls are symmetrically fixedly installed at the bottom of each of the two packing discs, and four driving balls are respectively adapted to and installed with the four packing balls.

8. An air pollution control device according to claim 4, characterized in that, Six scrapers are fixedly installed at the bottom of the water column, and six blades are fixedly installed on the surface of the water column. The six blades are adapted to the air supply pipe. A clean water tank is connected to one side of the three-way valve through a connecting pipe.

9. An air pollution control device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom of the bottom cover is connected to a drain pipe, and one side of the treatment tank is connected to a dosing pipe.

10. A method for preparing lithium battery anode material, requiring the use of an air pollution control device as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The collected aluminum electrolysis waste carbon cathode is crushed and pulverized by a planetary ball mill and a grinding mill and then sieved to a certain mesh size. After sieving, it is placed in a drying oven and dried at a certain temperature for a period of time for later use. S2: Weigh the dried waste carbon cathode and a certain concentration of sodium hydroxide solution and mix them according to a specific solid-liquid ratio. Add an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethanol as a dispersant. Sonicate the mixture at a certain power for a period of time at room temperature. After sonication, place the resulting slurry in a constant temperature water bath and stir and evaporate the remaining water under a certain temperature condition until the slurry becomes viscous. S3: Transfer the remaining black slurry to a corundum crucible and place it in a tube furnace. Under an argon atmosphere, heat it to a specific temperature at a certain heating rate and roast it for a period of time. During the roasting process, treat the roasting exhaust gas through an air pollution control device. S4: The calcined and cooled waste carbon cathode is ground and crushed in an agate crucible. The crushed waste carbon cathode is weighed and mixed with a certain concentration of hydrogen chloride solution in a certain solid-liquid ratio. The mixture is placed in a constant temperature water bath and reacted at a certain temperature for a period of time to obtain filter residue A and filtrate A. S5: Mix filter residue A with distilled water in a specific solid-liquid ratio, wash with water, repeat three times until the washing liquid is neutral, and obtain high-performance carbon that can be used as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries through solid-liquid separation. Collect the washing liquid and mix it with filtrate A, and recover valuable components such as fluorine, sodium and aluminum from the liquid by adjusting pH and other processes.

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