A compound material tow placement forming oscillating compaction and high speed cutting head

Abstract

A kind of oscillation compaction and high-speed cutting of composite material tow placement forming with silk laying head belongs to the technical field of automatic tow placement of composite material forming, including direction-changing shearing module and oscillation compaction module, direction-changing shearing module and support plate are connected, channel module and oscillation compaction module are connected on support plate, pre-impregnated tow moves in channel module and is compacted and laid by oscillation compaction module to pre-impregnated tow after heating;Direction-changing shearing module is obliquely connected on support plate, direction-changing shearing module and channel module are perpendicular, so that the space between direction-changing shearing module and oscillation compaction module becomes larger while not affecting shearing effect;Oscillation compaction module can provide couple moment acting on ply, compact and flatten pre-impregnated tow while laying pre-impregnated tow, improve the surface quality of laying piece and reduce porosity to improve mechanical properties;The present application has the advantages of good shearing effect, good laying and flattening effect, reducing the pressure bearing of silk laying head and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automated fiber placement technology for composite material molding, specifically to a fiber placement head for oscillating compaction and high-speed cutting of composite material fiber bundles. Background Technology

[0002] Fiber-reinforced resin matrix composites, with their excellent comprehensive properties such as high specific modulus and specific strength, are widely used in aerospace and other fields. Therefore, the molding technology of composite materials is particularly important. Automated fiber placement technology has become the main technology for composite material molding due to its advantages such as high automation, high efficiency, high quality of molded parts, and good flexibility. Fiber placement technology inherits the advantages of fiber winding and automated tape placement technology, making it possible to process components with complex shapes.

[0003] During the carbon fiber prepreg layup process, increasing the layup compaction force within a certain range helps to enhance interlaminar adhesion, reduce interlaminar porosity, reduce layup defects, and improve the mechanical properties of the cured composite laminate. Studies have shown that increasing the compaction force can improve interlaminar shear strength; in components with corner paths, increasing the layup compaction force within a certain range helps to reduce the occurrence of outer wrinkles when laid along the turning path; increasing the layup compaction force enhances the adhesion of the prepreg, which helps to reduce layup defects and thus improve layup quality. Numerous domestic and international studies have shown that the quality of sample layup is directly related to the layup pressure. The article "Research Progress of Automatic Carbon Fiber Laying Equipment" (authors: Wang Shangfeng et al., published in Synthetic Fiber, Vol. 55, No. 3, 2026) mentions that the laying equipment generally applies pressure directly to increase the clamping force and improve the quality of sample laying. This method has high requirements for the strength and rigidity of the laying head. If the pressure is too small, it will increase the porosity between the layers, resulting in a decrease in the performance of the produced workpiece; if the pressure is too large, it will affect the service life of the equipment.

[0004] Meanwhile, the directional shearing module is an essential component of the fiber layup equipment, as the shearing effect of the prepreg during carbon fiber tow layup directly affects the quality of the final product. A patent application titled "Shearing Mechanism Based on Resin-Based Fiber Layingup System" (publication number CN102963010A) mentions that common fiber tow shearing methods include "cutting" and "shearing." "Shearing" requires less cutting force than "cutting" and causes less impact on the equipment, hence this method is used to shear the prepreg. However, in small fiber tow laying equipment, due to the smaller overall structure, the requirements for the volume and layout of each module are higher. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a filament-laying head for oscillating compaction and high-speed cutting in composite material filament layup molding. By using a rolling pressure roller with oscillating compaction function, a horizontal torque can be applied to the layup during the laying process to achieve the effect of oscillating compaction. This increases the compressive strength of the filament-laying head on the composite material layup without directly applying positive pressure to the entire filament-laying head, optimizes the overall stress on the filament-laying head, increases the flatness and porosity of the layup, and enhances the mechanical properties of the laid workpiece. Furthermore, the structure of the directional shearing module is optimized to achieve a relative speed-increasing effect between the cylinder and the tool holder push rod, resulting in better shearing performance. The invention offers advantages such as good shearing effect, good layup leveling effect, and reduced pressure on the filament-laying head.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A composite material filament layup head for oscillating compaction and high-speed cutting includes a reversible shearing module 1 and an oscillating compaction module 3. The reversible shearing module 1 is connected to a support plate 2. The support plate 2 is connected to a channel module 4 and the oscillating compaction module 3. The pre-impregnated filament 5 moves in the channel module 4 and is compacted and laid by the oscillating compaction module 3 after heating. The reversible shearing module 1 is inclinedly connected to the support plate 2, and the reversible shearing module 1 and the channel module 4 are perpendicular, so that the space between the reversible shearing module 1 and the oscillating compaction module 3 is increased without affecting the shearing effect.

[0007] The reversing shearing module 1 includes a blade holder base plate 102, which is connected and fixed to a reversing motion mechanism 105. The reversing motion mechanism 105 is driven by a solenoid valve 110 and is connected to a shearing mechanism 103, causing the shearing mechanism 103 to reciprocate linearly on the blade holder base plate 102. The shearing mechanism 103 cooperates with a blade slide rail 104, which is installed in a groove in the blade holder base plate 102. The blade holder base plate 102 is connected to a blade holder cover plate 101. The blade holder base plate 102 is installed on a connecting seat 109, which is connected to a cylinder base plate 108. The cylinder base plate 108 is connected to the reversing motion mechanism 105, and a slider groove 107 is installed on the cylinder base plate 108. The cylinder base plate 108 is fully engaged with the cover plate 106.

[0008] The reversing motion mechanism 105 includes a tool holder push rod 10501. One end of the tool holder push rod 10501 is connected to one end of a slider 10502 via a sliding shaft. The slider 10502 is placed in a slider groove 107 on the cylinder base plate 108. The other end of the slider 10502 is connected to one end of a cylinder push rod 10503. The other end of the cylinder push rod 10503 is connected to a cylinder 10504. The other end of the tool holder push rod 10501 is coaxially connected to the rear end of a tool holder 10301. A blade 10302 is installed at the front end of the tool holder 10301.

[0009] The oscillating pressing module 3 includes a pressure roller drive mechanism 303, which is mounted on a pressure roller housing 305 and is coaxial with the pressure roller housing 305. The pressure roller drive mechanism 303 drives an eccentric shaft 307 to rotate, and the rotation is achieved through a central driving gear 310 mounted on the pressure roller drive mechanism 303 and a driven gear 311 mounted on the eccentric shaft 307. The eccentric shaft 307 is symmetrically mounted on both sides of the pressure roller housing 305 along its axis. A pressure roller gear side end cover 306 is mounted on the gear side of the pressure roller housing 305, and a pressure roller motor side end cover 304 is mounted on the motor mounting side of the pressure roller housing 305. Pressure roller supports 302 are mounted on both sides of the pressure roller housing 305. One end of the pressure roller support 302 is engaged with a shaft on the pressure roller gear side end cover 306, and the other end of the pressure roller support 302 is engaged with the pressure roller drive mechanism. The outer side of the pressure roller housing 305 is covered with a rubber coating 301.

[0010] The pressure roller drive mechanism 303 includes a motor support 30301 and a pneumatic motor 30302; the pneumatic motor 30302 is installed in the split motor support 30301, and the motor support 30301 bears the radial force generated by the pressure roller housing 305 on the pressure roller drive mechanism 303 during the movement.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: (A) The present invention employs a reversing motion mechanism in the reversing shearing module, which realizes the effect of generating thrust reversing by the reversing motion mechanism, and can achieve a better design of the mechanism layout. At the same time, by designing the dimensions of the cylinder push rod and the tool holder push rod, the speed-up shearing of the shearing mechanism is realized, achieving a better shearing effect.

[0012] (B) This invention employs the principle of oscillation excitation in the oscillation compaction module, achieving an ideal compaction effect without directly increasing pressure on the automatic filament placement head. This reduces the porosity between layers, enhances the interlayer shear strength, and improves the mechanical properties of the manufactured workpiece. Simultaneously, because no large positive pressure is applied directly to the filament placement head, damage to the filament placement head caused by excessive direct pressure is avoided.

[0013] (C) The present invention can generate tangential force between the layup and the oscillating compaction module through the oscillation action of the oscillating compaction module, thereby achieving the leveling effect of the layup and enabling the laidup sample to obtain better structural and mechanical properties. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the filament-laying head according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the directional shearing module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the direction-changing motion mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the velocity-displacement relationship between the tool holder push rod and the cylinder push rod in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the oscillation clamping module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the oscillation clamping module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 7 This is a partial cross-sectional front view of the gear side of the oscillation clamping module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the oscillation clamping module drive mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration excitation principle of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Wherein: 1-reversing shearing module, 2-support plate, 3-oscillating clamping module, 4-channel module, 5-prepreg bundle; 101-blade holder cover plate, 102-blade holder base plate, 103-shearing mechanism, 104-blade slide rail, 105-reversing motion mechanism, 106-cover plate, 107-slider slide groove, 108-cylinder base plate, 109-connecting seat, 110-solenoid valve; 301-pressure roller coating, 302-pressure roller support, 30 3-Pressure roller drive mechanism; 304-Pressure roller motor side cover plate; 305-Pressure roller housing; 306-Pressure roller gear side end cover; 307-Eccentric shaft; 308-Deep groove ball bearing 1; 309-Deep groove ball bearing 2; 310-Center drive gear; 311-Driven gear; 10301-Tool holder; 10302-Blade; 10501-Tool holder push rod; 10502-Slider; 10503-Cylinder push rod; 10504-Cylinder; 30301-Motor support seat; 30302-Pneumatic motor. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent modifications made based on the embodiments fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] like Figure 1As shown, a composite material filament layup head for oscillatory compaction and high-speed cutting includes a reversible shearing module 1, a support plate 2, an oscillatory compaction module 3, a channel module 4, and a pre-impregnated filament bundle 5. The reversible shearing module 1 is connected to the support plate 2, and the oscillatory compaction module 3 and the channel module 4 are connected to the support plate 2. The pre-impregnated filament bundle 5 moves in the channel module 4. The reversible shearing module 1 and the channel module 4 are inclined and in direct contact. The bottom of the channel module 4 cooperates with the oscillatory compaction module 3. The pre-impregnated filament bundle 5 moves within the channel module 4. The pre-impregnated yarn bundle 5 is laid and pressed by the oscillating pressing module 3 within the channel module 4. The reversing shearing module 1 is inclinedly connected to the support plate 2. The support plate 2 is at 70° to the channel module 4 and 160° to the reversing shearing module. This is because the addition of the reversing mechanism makes the reversing shearing module 1 and the channel module 4 at 90°, achieving the optimal shearing angle. At the same time, the inclined connection of the reversing shearing module 1 can save a lot of layout space for the yarn laying head and reduce the overall volume of the yarn laying head. The optimized space can also be used to improve the heating angle.

[0026] like Figure 2 As shown, the reversing shearing module 1 includes a blade holder cover plate 101, a blade holder base plate 102, a shearing mechanism 103, a blade slide rail 104, a reversing motion mechanism 105, a cover plate 106, a slider groove 107, a cylinder base plate 108, a connecting seat 109, and a solenoid valve 110; the blade holder base plate 102 and the reversing motion mechanism 105 are connected and fixed, and the reversing motion mechanism (105) is driven by the solenoid valve (110). The reversing motion mechanism 105 is connected to the shearing mechanism 103, and the solenoid valve 110 provides power to the reversing motion mechanism 105, driving the shearing mechanism 103 to reciprocate linearly on the blade holder base plate 102; the shearing mechanism 103 cooperates with the blade slide rail 104, and the blade... The slide rail 104 is installed in the groove of the blade holder base plate 102 to limit the linear motion of the shearing mechanism 103; the blade holder base plate 102 is connected to the blade holder cover plate 101, and the blade holder cover plate 101 protects the shearing mechanism 103 and the blade slide rail 104; the blade holder base plate 102 is installed on the connecting seat 109, and the connecting seat 109 is connected to the cylinder base plate 108, which is connected to the reversing motion mechanism 105. The cylinder base plate 108 is equipped with a slider groove 107, and the cylinder base plate 108 is installed in conjunction with the cover plate 106 to ensure the motion stability of the reversing motion mechanism 105. The connecting seat 109 ensures a firm connection between the blade holder and the reversing motion mechanism 105.

[0027] like Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, the reversing motion mechanism 105 includes a tool holder push rod 10501, a slider 10502, a cylinder push rod 10503, and a cylinder 10504. One end of the tool holder push rod 10501 is connected to one end of the slider 10502 via a sliding shaft. A slider groove 107 is provided on the cylinder base plate 108, and the slider 10502 is placed in the slider groove 107 for guidance and limitation. The other end of the slider 10502 is connected to one end of the cylinder push rod 10503. The cylinder push rod 10504... 3. The other end is connected to cylinder 10504; the other end of the tool post push rod 10501 is coaxially connected to the rear end of tool post 10301, and a cutting tool 10302 is installed at the front end of tool post 10301; due to the connection of slider 10502, the axes of tool post push rod 10501 and cylinder push rod 10503 are not aligned, so that the thrust generated by cylinder 10504 achieves a reversible effect, and the thrust output from cylinder 10504 is transmitted to tool post push rod 10501 after being reversible. At the same time, in the same stroke, the work done by tool post push rod 10501 and cylinder push rod 10503 is equal, such as Figure 4 As shown, the displacement x2 of the blade holder push rod is greater than the displacement x1 of the cylinder push rod, while the stroke time is equal, achieving the effect of increasing the shearing speed and improving the shearing quality of the pre-impregnated filaments; Figure 4 The relational formula is derived as follows: Where: v1 - cylinder push rod ejection speed; v2 - tool post push rod ejection speed; x1 - cylinder push rod displacement; x2 - tool post push rod displacement; θ - angle between cylinder push rod and tool post push rod; t - push rod ejection time; W1 - work done by cylinder push rod stroke; W2 - work done by tool post push rod stroke; F1 - cylinder push rod ejection force; F2 - tool post push rod ejection force; This reversing mechanism makes the stroke of the tool holder push rod greater than that of the cylinder push rod, thereby achieving a speed increase in shearing speed.

[0028] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, the oscillating pressing module 3 includes a pressure roller coating 301, a pressure roller bracket 302, a pressure roller drive mechanism 303, a pressure roller motor side end cover 304, a pressure roller housing 305, a pressure roller gear side end cover 306, an eccentric shaft 307, a first deep groove ball bearing 308, a second deep groove ball bearing 309, a central driving gear 310, and a driven gear 311. The pressure roller drive mechanism 303 is mounted on the pressure roller housing 305, and the pressure roller drive mechanism 303 is coaxial with the pressure roller housing 305. Part of the pressure roller drive mechanism 303 is located outside the housing to install an air pipe. The pressure roller drive mechanism 303 drives the eccentric shaft 307 to rotate, and the transmission is achieved through the central driving gear 310 mounted on the pressure roller drive mechanism 303 and the driven gear 311 mounted on the eccentric shaft 307. The eccentric shaft 307 is mounted symmetrically to the axis of the pressure roller housing 305. 5. On both sides of the inner side of the roller housing 305, a roller gear side end cover 306 is installed on the gear side, and a roller motor side end cover 304 is installed on the motor mounting side of the roller housing 305. The roller motor side end cover 304 has a through hole in the center to cooperate with the roller drive mechanism 303. Roller supports 302 are installed on both sides of the roller housing 305. One end of the roller support 302 cooperates with the shaft on the roller gear side end cover 306, and the other end of the roller support 302 cooperates with the roller drive mechanism. The outer side of the roller housing 305 is covered with rubber coating 301. During the movement, the oscillating compaction module 3 is driven by the roller drive mechanism 303 to generate the same direction of rotation of the two eccentric shafts 307. During the rotation of the eccentric shafts 307, due to the mass eccentricity, a torque is generated in the oscillating compaction module 3. The torque is transmitted outward to the rubber coating 301, and then acts on the contact surface between the layup and the roller to produce the effect of oscillating compaction.

[0029] like Figure 8 As shown, the pressure roller drive mechanism 303 includes a motor support 30301 and a pneumatic motor 30302. The pneumatic motor 30302 is installed in the split motor support 30301. The motor support 30301 is used to support and fix the pneumatic motor 30302 and bear the radial force generated by the pressure roller housing 305 on the pressure roller drive mechanism 303 during the movement, so as to ensure the safety of the pneumatic motor 30302 during use.

[0030] In this embodiment, the motor support seat 30301 of the pressure roller drive mechanism 303 is equipped with deep groove ball bearings 309 at both ends and engages with the through hole in the center of the pressure roller housing 305. The through holes on both sides of the pressure roller housing 305 and the eccentric shafts 307 that are equipped with deep groove ball bearings 308 are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the pressure roller drive structure 303. The pressure roller drive mechanism 303 transmits power through the central driving gear 310 and the driven gear 311 mounted on the eccentric shafts 307, causing the two symmetrical eccentric shafts 307 to rotate in the same direction. The eccentric blocks of the two eccentric shafts 307 are arranged opposite each other. During the rotation of the eccentric shafts 307, a torque is generated due to the eccentricity of the shaft mass. At the same time, since the two eccentric shafts 307 are symmetrical and assembled opposite each other, the forces generated during the rotation are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, and the generated forces are canceled out, only a torque is generated. Therefore, the force will not cause a flexible impact on the layup or yarn layup head during this process. The pressure roller housing 305 rotates during the fiber placement process of the fiber placement head mechanism, while the pressure roller drive mechanism 303 does not rotate within the pressure roller housing 305. The pressure roller housing 305 and the pressure roller drive mechanism 303 generate relative motion during fiber placement. The eccentric shaft 307 revolves around the pressure roller drive mechanism 303 during this process, and transmits the torque to the pressure roller housing 305 through the relative motion between the two mechanisms. Because the oscillating compaction module 3 contacts the layup during placement and is subjected to pressure perpendicular to the layup from the fiber placement head, the instantaneous generation of the torque by the oscillating compaction module 3 does not cause relative motion between the oscillating compaction module 3 and the layup. Instead, it tends to generate a force in the same direction as the torque at the contact surface between the oscillating compaction module 3 and the layup. This allows the oscillating compaction module 3 to achieve an oscillating compaction effect on the layup without directly increasing the pressure of the fiber placement head, reducing porosity between the layups and improving layup smoothness. In this process, changing the rotation direction of the pneumatic motor 30302 can alter the direction of the torque, thereby generating an oscillation effect and further enhancing the compaction effect of the oscillating compaction module 3. However, forces in different directions may lead to a decrease in the ply flatness, requiring comprehensive consideration in practical applications. (Refer to...) Figure 9 The magnitude and principle of the torque applied by the vibratory compaction roller are as follows: Where: M - alternating torque on the pressure roller (Nm); me - eccentric mass moment on an eccentric shaft (kg) m; l - distance from the center of the eccentric shaft to the center of the wheel (m); ω - angular velocity of the eccentric shaft (rad / s); F - force (N) generated by the eccentric block of the eccentric shaft.

Claims

1. A filament-laying head for oscillating compaction and high-speed cutting of composite filaments, characterized in that: It includes a reversing shearing module (1) and an oscillating pressing module (3). The reversing shearing module (1) is connected to a support plate (2). The support plate (2) is connected to a channel module (4) and an oscillating pressing module (3). The prepreg bundle (5) moves in the channel module (4) and is compacted and laid by the oscillating pressing module (3) after heating. The reversing shearing module (1) is inclined and connected to the support plate (2). The reversing shearing module (1) and the channel module (4) are perpendicular, so that the space between the reversing shearing module (1) and the oscillating pressing module (3) is increased without affecting the shearing effect.

2. The fiber placement head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reversing shearing module (1) includes a blade holder base plate (102), which is fixedly connected to a reversing motion mechanism (105). The reversing motion mechanism (105) is driven by a solenoid valve (110). The reversing motion mechanism (105) is connected to a shearing mechanism (103), which reciprocates linearly on the blade holder base plate (102). The shearing mechanism (103) cooperates with a blade slide rail (104), which is connected to a blade slide rail (105). 4) Installed in the groove of the tool holder base plate (102), the tool holder base plate (102) and the tool holder cover plate (101) are connected; the tool holder base plate (102) is installed on the connecting seat (109), the connecting seat (109) is connected to the cylinder base plate (108), the cylinder base plate (108) is connected to the reversing motion mechanism (105), the cylinder base plate (108) is equipped with a slider groove (107), and the cylinder base plate (108) is installed in conjunction with the cover plate (106).

3. The fiber placement head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reversing motion mechanism (105) includes a tool holder push rod (10501), one end of which is connected to one end of a slider (10502), the slider (10502) is placed in a slider groove (107), the other end of which is connected to one end of a cylinder push rod (10503), and the other end of which is connected to a cylinder (10504); the other end of the tool holder push rod (10501) is coaxially connected to the rear end of the tool holder (10301), and a blade (10302) is installed at the front end of the tool holder (10301).

4. The fiber placement head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aforementioned oscillating pressing module (3) includes a pressure roller drive mechanism (303), which is mounted on the pressure roller housing (305) and is coaxial with the pressure roller housing (305). The pressure roller drive mechanism (303) drives the eccentric shaft (307) to rotate, and the rotation is achieved through a central driving gear (310) mounted on the pressure roller drive mechanism (303) and a driven gear (311) mounted on the eccentric shaft (307). The eccentric shaft (307) is symmetrical to the pressure roller housing (305). 5) The shaft is installed on both sides inside the roller housing (305); a roller gear side end cover (306) is installed on the gear side of the roller housing (305), and a roller motor side end cover (304) is installed on the motor mounting side of the roller housing (305); roller brackets (302) are installed on both sides of the roller housing (305), one end of the roller bracket (302) is engaged with the shaft on the roller gear side end cover (306), and the other end of the roller bracket (302) is engaged with the roller drive mechanism; the outside of the roller housing (305) is covered with rubber (301).

5. The fiber placement head according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure roller drive mechanism (303) includes a motor support (30301) and a pneumatic motor (30302); the pneumatic motor (30302) is installed in the motor support (30301), and the motor support (30301) bears the radial force generated by the pressure roller housing (305) on the pressure roller drive mechanism (303) during the movement.

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