Full assembly type multi-ribbed steel structure cantilever balcony component, balcony and manufacturing method

Abstract

The present application relates to a full assembly type cantilever balcony component with flower pool, balcony and manufacturing method. The cantilever main body adopts a dense rib steel structure, a plurality of longitudinal main ribs, transverse secondary ribs and edge ribs enclosed in the periphery of the main ribs and secondary ribs are fixedly connected to form a grid-shaped stress structure used as the cantilever main body, and prefabricated flower pools and protective components are assembled on the cantilever main body. The cantilever balcony component is assembled on the building main structure to form a cantilever balcony, the inner side edge rib is supported and fixedly connected on the L-shaped steel plate of the embedded part to realize stable support, and the drainage port of the prefabricated flower pool is connected to the drainage system. The present application has the advantages of lightweight structure, functional integration and assembly integration. The dense rib structure reduces the self weight of the balcony by more than 15%, increases the cantilever span by 30%, improves the on-site construction efficiency by 50%, reduces the comprehensive cost by 20%-30%, and is suitable for residential buildings, apartments, tourism buildings and other civil buildings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a fully prefabricated dense ribbed steel structure cantilevered balcony component with flower bed, the balcony and its manufacturing method, belonging to the field of prefabricated building technology. Background Technology

[0002] Existing balconies, including prefabricated balconies, mostly use reinforced concrete main structures, which are quite heavy. Especially in cases where they are wide or require the placement of heavy objects such as flower beds, diagonal supports or other structures are often needed to improve stability. For example, Chinese patent document CN115977403A discloses a balcony support frame, including a connecting plate, a cast-in-place slab, a load-bearing frame, and support rods. The connecting plate is fixed to the exterior wall of the building with bolts. Workers fix the load-bearing frame to one side of the connecting plate and connect the support rods to the load-bearing frame. Finally, the cast-in-place slab is laid on the support rods, thus completing the installation of the balcony support frame. The support frame supports the cast-in-place slab through the support rods, and the load-bearing frame bears the weight of the cast-in-place slab supported by the support rods. The load-bearing frame transfers the pressure it receives to the connecting plate, which in turn transfers the pressure to the wall itself. The support rods and the load-bearing frame form multiple stable triangles. Chinese patent document CN215888565U discloses a long-distance cantilevered inclined-braced balcony structure, including a first structural beam, a second structural beam, a third structural beam, an inclined-braced structural beam, a cantilever beam, an extension beam, and a connecting beam. The second structural beam is horizontally positioned above the first structural beam. Several third structural beams are spaced apart along the length of the first structural beam at its lower end. One end of each inclined-braced structural beam is fixedly connected to the end of one of the third structural beams, and each inclined-braced structural beam forms a trapezoid with the first, second, and corresponding third structural beams. The cantilever beam is fixedly positioned at the connection point between the other end of the inclined-braced structural beam and the second structural beam. The extension beam is fixedly positioned at the lower end of the cantilever beam. The connecting beam is fixedly positioned at the end of the extension beam furthest from the cantilever beam.

[0003] Considering factors such as appearance and ease of construction, technologies that do not require diagonal bracing have also been developed. For example, Chinese patent document CN222206740U discloses a prefabricated, non-braced, large cantilevered balcony that can be assembled and installed on the outside of the main building. It includes: multiple combined cantilever beams, with one end of each beam installed at the same elevation on the main building; edge beams, with both ends connected to the ends of two adjacent combined cantilever beams furthest from the main building; wherein, the combined cantilever beams include a reinforced concrete load-bearing beam, a tie rod, and several connecting rods; one end of the reinforced concrete load-bearing beam is used to connect to the main building, and the other end is used to connect to the edge beam; the tie rod is located above the reinforced concrete load-bearing beam, and one end of the tie rod is used to connect to the main building; for any connecting rod, one end is connected to the tie rod, and the other end is connected to the steel structure within the reinforced concrete load-bearing beam; the tie rod and connecting rods simultaneously serve as the railing structure of the prefabricated, non-braced, large cantilevered balcony. Chinese patent document CN119825135A discloses a construction method for a prefabricated cantilever beam balcony, including: S1: Installing the balcony beam: Installing the longitudinal beam onto the composite beam, and then installing the transverse beam onto the longitudinal beam; S2: Installing the balcony slab: Installing the composite balcony slab onto the balcony beam, and then installing the connected reinforcing bars, followed by laying the cast-in-place beam and cast-in-place layer; S3: Installing the concrete slab: Installing the insert block under the concrete slab into the positioning groove on the balcony beam, and then placing the connecting column between the concrete slabs so that the connecting block on the concrete slab is inserted into the connecting column, and then inserting the fixing rod into the connecting column so that the fixing rod passes through the fixing groove on the connecting block; the diameter of the fixing rod gradually decreases from top to bottom; the various components of the balcony can be connected and locked together, which facilitates the transportation and assembly of the balcony, ensures the safety of the balcony assembly process, and improves the overall load-bearing performance of the balcony.

[0004] These existing technologies each have their own characteristics and are suitable for different adaptive occasions, but they still have their own limitations. For example, (1) the main concrete structure has a large self-weight, which increases the load on the main building, limits the cantilever span, and has high transportation costs; (2) most of them are only used to meet the basic functions of passage and drying, and do not integrate green ecological planting space. If flower beds are added later, they need to be built on site, which not only damages the integrity of the balcony structure, but also easily leads to leakage and falling off risks; (3) the structural components, connectors and auxiliary facilities of some balconies are mostly prefabricated in a decentralized manner, and need to be assembled and welded on site one by one, resulting in a large amount of high-altitude work and a long construction period. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fully prefabricated ribbed steel structure cantilevered balcony component with flower bed, the balcony and its manufacturing method, so as to reduce the self-weight of the balcony, meet the greening requirements and facilitate on-site construction while ensuring stability.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a fully prefabricated dense rib steel structure cantilever balcony component with flower bed, which is provided with a cantilever main body. The cantilever main body adopts a dense rib steel structure, and several longitudinal main ribs (or longitudinal beams), transverse secondary ribs (or transverse beams) and side ribs (or side beams) surrounding the main ribs and secondary ribs are fixedly connected (e.g., welded, bolted, or bolted) to form a grid-like load-bearing structure that serves as the cantilever main body.

[0007] Preferably, the side ribs are made of channel steel with the channel opening facing inward (in the direction of the main rib and the secondary rib).

[0008] Furthermore, the main ribs are made of shaped steel (e.g., C-shaped steel, I-shaped steel, or square tubular steel) to improve or ensure the cantilever strength; Furthermore, the secondary ribs can be made of steel plates (facade steel plates) or structural steel (e.g., C-shaped steel or square tubes), which can be set according to the load requirements of the grid-like load-bearing structure. In general, steel plates can be used, which will save steel and reduce the weight.

[0009] Preferably, the densely ribbed cavity (the cavity enclosed by the main ribs and secondary ribs) of the cantilever body is filled with lightweight thermal insulation material.

[0010] Preferably, one or more prefabricated flower beds are provided on the cantilevered main body, and the prefabricated flower beds are provided with reserved drainage outlets.

[0011] The location of the prefabricated flower bed can be set according to actual needs, for example, it can be set in the outer edge area of ​​the cantilever body, and / or, it can be set in the edge area of ​​either the left or right side of the cantilever body.

[0012] Preferably, the cantilevered main body is provided with a flower bed mounting structure for installing (e.g., embedding) a prefabricated flower bed, and the prefabricated flower bed is embedded in the flower bed mounting structure; or, the cantilevered main body is provided with a flower bed positioning socket (or flower bed positioning hole), and the bottom of the prefabricated flower bed is provided with a plug-in positioning structure that matches the flower bed positioning socket. The installation and positioning of the prefabricated flower bed is achieved by plugging the plug-in positioning structure into the flower bed positioning groove.

[0013] Furthermore, prefabricated flower beds can be made of steel channels of appropriate shape (which can be called flower bed steel channels), and can be prepared by pressure forming of steel plates or welding of steel plates. When appropriate, prefabricated flower beds of other materials or forms can also be used.

[0014] Furthermore, when a large flower bed embedding structure is required, the distribution of relevant main ribs and / or secondary ribs should be rationally designed, leaving appropriate space. If necessary, embedding space edge ribs can be set to surround the flower bed embedding structure, and fixedly connected to the main ribs and secondary ribs (if any) extending to the edge of the flower bed embedding structure to ensure the integrity and strength of the grid-like load-bearing structure. Depending on the specific location of the flower bed embedding structure, the corresponding main ribs, secondary ribs, or edge ribs can be directly used as the embedding space edge ribs for the corresponding parts. The embedding space edge ribs can be made of the same material as the main ribs, secondary ribs, or edge ribs. If necessary, steel profiles of other strengths can also be used to meet strength requirements.

[0015] Preferably, several (partial or all) ribbed cavities (cavity top openings) can be used as flower bed positioning sockets (including those actually used; if necessary, several spare cavities can also be set up, that is, the number of ribbed cavities on the cantilevered main body that can be used as flower bed positioning sockets is greater than the total number of protruding structures on the precast flower bed used as insertion positioning structures, thereby allowing the installation position of the precast flower bed to be adjusted according to actual needs). The ribbed cavities used as flower bed positioning sockets are not filled with lightweight insulation material at least at the top opening (or the upper part of the cavity) (including the entire ribbed cavity not being filled with lightweight insulation material and only the corresponding area at the top opening of the cavity not being filled). The bottom of the precast flower bed is provided with protruding structures (which can be called positioning protrusions) used as insertion positioning structures, and the number can be multiple, or one if appropriate. In this case, the shape, size, and distribution of the protrusions used as the plug-in positioning structure should be adapted to the distribution of the ribbed cavities (e.g., the spacing in the longitudinal and transverse directions is a multiple of the spacing of the ribbed cavities in the corresponding directions), to meet the assembly and positioning requirements of the precast flower bed on the cantilevered main body. Therefore, during assembly, each plug-in positioning structure at the bottom of the precast flower bed can be inserted into its corresponding ribbed cavity, and the precast flower bed can be supported on the top surface of the cantilevered main body. The positioning and fixing of the precast flower bed can be achieved through multi-point plug-in mating at the bottom. If necessary, flower bed positioning sockets can also be separately set on the cantilevered main body (e.g., by welding, and if necessary, by arranging connectors and / or supports to adapt to the setting requirements of the flower bed positioning sockets).

[0016] Positioning protrusions can be directly formed on the bottom of the precast flower bed, or they can be fixedly connected (e.g., by welding, bonding, bolting, etc.) to the bottom surface of the load-bearing base plate.

[0017] Furthermore, depending on actual needs, prefabricated flower beds may be equipped with a load-bearing base plate.

[0018] Furthermore, depending on actual needs, prefabricated flower beds are equipped with a seepage-proof layer (for example, by attaching a geomembrane to the inner surface of the prefabricated flower bed, or by applying a seepage-proof coating).

[0019] A permeable layer (e.g., using expanded clay aggregate) and a soil layer (planting medium) can be laid in the prefabricated flower bed before on-site assembly (e.g., during factory prefabrication). The permeable layer is laid on the bottom impermeable layer, and the soil layer is laid on the permeable layer to form a prefabricated flower bed. Alternatively, the permeable layer and soil layer can be laid in the same manner after assembly to facilitate plant planting.

[0020] The location of the reserved drainage outlets is determined based on actual needs, with specific placement considering drainage requirements and the convenience of overall layout and assembly. For example, they can be located on the lower part of the side wall of the precast flower bed, corresponding to the permeable layer (especially the lower part of the permeable layer), to drain excess water. If necessary, a filter screen or other filter material can be installed inside the reserved drainage outlet so that excess water after watering seeps into the permeable layer, is filtered, and then flows into the drainage outlet for discharge.

[0021] Depending on the needs of plant cultivation, other structures can also be added to the prefabricated flower beds.

[0022] An elastic buffer layer can be installed at the junction of the precast flower bed and the cantilevered main structure.

[0023] The fully prefabricated dense rib steel structure cantilever balcony with flower bed is composed of cantilever balcony components assembled into the main building structure. The cantilever balcony components adopt any of the fully prefabricated dense rib steel structure cantilever balcony components with flower bed disclosed in this invention. The main building structure (the wall structure of the corresponding part) is provided with embedded parts for connecting the cantilever body. The inner side (the side connected to the wall) of the cantilever body is fixedly connected to the embedded parts, thereby realizing the installation of the cantilever balcony components on the main building structure.

[0024] Preferably, the embedded part consists of an L-shaped steel plate and several anchoring steel bars fixedly connected to the L-shaped steel plate. The inner side ribs of the cantilever body are supported on the L-shaped steel plate and fixedly connected to the L-shaped steel plate (e.g., by welding, bolting, or bolting).

[0025] Preferably, the drainage outlets on the prefabricated flower beds are connected to the building's drainage system via drainage pipes or discharged directly to the outside via drainage pipes. Gravity flow drainage is usually adopted. In this case, the arrangement of the drainage pipes and their external connecting pipes should enable excess water in the flower bed body to be discharged through the drainage pipes.

[0026] All components and connectors can be made from factory-prefabricated standard parts.

[0027] Composite protection systems and other necessary structures and auxiliary facilities can be set up according to actual needs. For example, anti-corrosion coatings are applied to the surface of the steel structure; all connections between the prefabricated flower beds and the steel structure (e.g., the cantilevered main body, separately installed slots, etc.) are sealed (e.g., sealing strips); the balcony panels (set on the surface of the cantilevered main body) are provided with an anti-slip and wear-resistant layer; and the prefabricated flower beds are fixed to the cantilevered main body using set bolts or other suitable connectors.

[0028] The method for manufacturing any of the prefabricated ribbed steel structure cantilever balconies with flower beds disclosed in this invention involves hoisting the cantilever main body equipped with prefabricated flower beds or the cantilever main body without prefabricated flower beds to the preset assembly position of the building main body, attaching and supporting the side ribs on the L-shaped steel plate, welding the two together, assembling the prefabricated flower beds onto the cantilever main body without prefabricated flower beds, and connecting the drainage outlet of the prefabricated flower beds to the building drainage system through a drainage pipe (e.g., a flexible hose or a rigid pipe), or connecting the drainage outlet of the prefabricated flower beds to a straight drainage pipe.

[0029] After the cantilevered main structure is assembled in place, protective components and other necessary facilities are assembled based on the cantilevered main structure or the cantilevered main structure and the main building structure.

[0030] Precast flower beds can be pre-assembled (e.g., during factory prefabrication) onto the cantilevered structure to form a cantilevered structure equipped with precast flower beds. For ease of construction, the cantilevered structure can also be assembled onto the main building structure first, and then the precast flower beds can be assembled onto the cantilevered structure.

[0031] Typically, the top and bottom surfaces of the cantilevered structure are fitted with upper and lower sealing panels, respectively. If necessary, a surface anti-slip and wear-resistant layer is also provided on the upper sealing panel. The upper and lower sealing panels, as well as the surface anti-slip and wear-resistant layer (if applicable), can be pre-assembled onto the cantilevered structure for ease of construction, or the cantilevered structure can be assembled onto the main building structure first and then assembled onto the cantilevered structure.

[0032] The prefabrication of cantilever balcony components (fully prefabricated ribbed steel structure cantilever balcony components with flower beds) may include the following steps: Process the main ribs, secondary ribs and edge ribs, and weld them into a densely ribbed steel structure to be used as the main cantilever structure. Perform rust removal and anti-corrosion coating treatment on the surface of the densely ribbed steel structure, and fix and fill it with lightweight insulation material.

[0033] A base plate and surface protective layer (surface layer) can be installed on the cantilevered main body as needed.

[0034] Prefabricated flower beds can be constructed. For example, a prefabricated flower bed steel trough can be formed; or, based on the load-bearing base plate of the prefabricated flower bed, an impermeable layer and a permeable layer can be laid in sequence inside the prefabricated flower bed, with or without a planting soil layer (depending on actual needs, the planting soil layer can be laid after the balcony is assembled, or the corresponding planting soil layer can be set according to the actual planting plants when the user plants the plants).

[0035] Depending on actual needs, a filter layer (e.g., permeable geotextile) may or may not be installed between the soil layer and the permeable layer.

[0036] When constructing precast flower beds, drainage outlets are pre-installed on the side walls. Drainage pipe fitting installation holes can be provided near the bottom of the side wall at drainage locations. Drainage pipe fittings, serving as drainage outlets, are sealed and installed in these holes. The inner end of the drainage pipe fitting connects to or extends into the permeable layer to allow water from the permeable layer to drain out. Any fitting suitable for pipe connections can be used for the drainage pipe fittings, allowing them to be connected to the building's drainage system via drainage pipes. Gravity-flow drainage is used in the drainage pipes, and their installation should allow excess water within the flower bed to be discharged through them.

[0037] According to the design requirements, positioning protrusions are set on the bottom surface of the load-bearing base plate of the precast flower bed (for example, by bonding or consolidation, and curing to the design strength after molding).

[0038] 3) Based on actual needs, process various standardized parts, such as keyway connectors and positioning connectors for prefabricated flower beds.

[0039] 4) Assemble the prefabricated flower bed onto the cantilevered main body, lock it onto the cantilevered main body using positioning connectors (e.g., set bolts), and install sealing strips and elastic buffer layers at the joints to complete the integrated prefabrication of the cantilevered balcony components.

[0040] Among them, steps 1)-3) in the prefabrication of cantilever balcony components can be called the factory processing stage or the factory prefabrication stage, and step 4) can be called the factory assembly stage.

[0041] After the cantilevered structure is assembled on the main building structure, protective components (e.g., railings, balustrades) and other parts can be assembled on the basis of the cantilevered structure (where appropriate, it includes the main building structure) according to actual needs or balcony design. The protective components are assembled on-site using corresponding prefabricated parts. Depending on actual needs, corresponding connection structures are set on the cantilevered structure and building walls (where appropriate) for installing railings and other components. For example, pre-embedded fastening bolts and pre-reserved insertion holes / grooves are used. The connection structures on the cantilevered structure for installing the protective components are prefabricated during the prefabrication of the cantilevered structure.

[0042] Other facilities required for the balcony can be flexibly set up according to actual needs.

[0043] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) The ribbed steel cantilever structure adopts a grid-like force-bearing system, with keyway anchoring ends and shear key design, resulting in high anchoring strength and good anti-overturning performance, making it suitable for large-span cantilever balconies. According to experimental data, compared with traditional concrete balconies, the self-weight of the balcony of this invention is reduced by more than 15%, and the cantilever span can be increased by 30%.

[0044] 2) The prefabricated flower beds and balcony structures are prefabricated as integrated components, or assembled on-site using prefabricated components, eliminating the need for secondary on-site construction. This satisfies the requirements of green and ecological planting while facilitating on-site construction. On-site assembly can employ a three-step "hoisting-assembly-locking" method, eliminating high-altitude assembly work, reducing installation difficulty, and shortening the construction period. Based on on-site construction data, compared to existing prefabricated balconies where structural components, connectors, and ancillary facilities are prefabricated separately, this invention can improve construction efficiency by 50% and eliminates the need for secondary construction of flower beds.

[0045] 3) The dense rib cavity and the flower bed layer form a composite sound insulation and heat insulation structure, which improves the living comfort; the integrated design of the drainage system effectively solves the problem of flower bed leakage; each connector can adopt a standardized design, which is beneficial to the processing and manufacturing cost, facilitates construction operations, and ensures construction quality; the dense rib structure reduces steel consumption, and the steel structure material has a recyclability rate of up to 95%; the prefabricated flower bed supports disassembly and replacement, which can be adapted to different plant planting needs.

[0046] This invention combines the advantages of lightweight structure, integrated functions, and integrated assembly. The dense rib structure reduces the self-weight of balconies by more than 15%, increases the cantilever span by 30%, improves on-site construction efficiency by 50%, and reduces overall costs by 20%-30%. It is suitable for the construction of cantilever balconies in civil buildings such as residential buildings, apartments, and cultural and tourism buildings, and is especially suitable for the integration of prefabricated building exterior envelope components, including the integration of exterior envelope components for modular and containerized prefabricated buildings. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is an axonometric view of the cantilevered balcony of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a planar (top view) schematic diagram of the cantilevered main body of the present invention; Figure 3 To and Figure 2 Corresponding AA cross-sectional schematic diagram; Figure 4 To and Figure 2 Corresponding BB cross-sectional diagram; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection node between the cantilevered balcony and the wall according to the present invention.

[0048] Reference numerals: 1. Side rib; 2. Main rib; 3. Secondary rib; 4. Upper sealing panel; 5. Lower sealing panel; 6. Precast flower bed; 7. Balustrade base; 8. Flower bed inner partition; 9. Inner side rib; 10. Precast balcony component; 11. Wall; 12. L-shaped steel plate; 13. Anchoring reinforcement; 14. Weld. Detailed Implementation

[0049] See Figures 1 to 5 The prefabricated balcony component (hereinafter referred to as balcony component) 10 of the present invention is a fully assembled dense rib steel structure cantilever balcony component with flower bed, mainly composed of a dense rib steel structure cantilever body, prefabricated flower bed 6, standardized connection nodes and composite protection system, etc.

[0050] The cantilevered main structure adopts a grid-like load-bearing structure, formed by welding (or bolting, the same below) together longitudinally extending main ribs 2, laterally extending secondary ribs 3, and edge ribs 1 to form a planar frame structure. The edge ribs 1 of the cantilevered main structure (e.g., edge-sealing channel steel) can be made of channel steel or other suitable types of steel, surrounding the outer side of the overall structure composed of the main ribs and secondary ribs to form the frame of the frame structure. Typically, the inner ends of each main rib are connected to the inner edge ribs 9 to ensure the cantilever capacity of the main ribs. The parameters and distribution of each rib (main ribs, secondary ribs, and edge ribs, etc.) can be designed based on BIM models, etc. The main ribs can be made of C-shaped steel, I-shaped steel, or square tubular steel; the secondary ribs can be made of C-shaped steel, steel plates, or square tubular steel; and the edge ribs can generally be made of channel steel to ensure strength while also ensuring the connection strength with the embedded parts (L-shaped steel plates), and to facilitate the installation of various sealing panels and guardrails / balustrades, etc. A cavity enclosed by adjacent ribs, with open ends, can be called a closely spaced cavity. Lightweight insulation material can be filled inside the closely spaced cavity to balance structural strength and thermal insulation performance. If necessary, lightweight insulation material can be used only in certain areas of the cavity (e.g., the lower part).

[0051] Precast flower beds (e.g., flower bed steel channels) can be embedded in flower bed mounting structures on cantilevered structures. The shape and size of the space within the flower bed mounting structure should be adapted to the precast flower bed to ensure its embedding and stability. The flower bed mounting structure can be created by appropriately arranging the cantilevered structure (including its ribs and other structures, if any), and by adding additional supports or limiting elements as necessary, to accommodate / embed the precast flower bed or its lower portion. During assembly, the precast flower bed (or its lower portion) is placed into the flower bed mounting structure to secure it. The flower bed mounting structures located on each side of the precast flower bed are close to it, restricting its movement and fixing it in place. Components for supporting the prefabricated flower bed can be provided at the bottom of the flower bed embedding structure (e.g., welding steel plates or rods to the cantilevered body to support the bottom of the flower bed); alternatively, horizontal flanges can be provided at the top of the prefabricated flower bed to support / erect the flower bed embedding structure (ribs, etc., located around the prefabricated flower bed), achieving support for the prefabricated flower bed on the cantilevered body through horizontal flanges in multiple directions. If necessary, the prefabricated flower bed can also be fastened to the cantilevered body with bolts. Correspondingly, matching structures such as nut-like structures or threaded holes for threaded connection of the corresponding bolts can be provided on the relevant ribs or other components of the cantilevered body.

[0052] A protrusion (interlocking positioning block) matching the ribbed cavity can be provided at the bottom of the precast flower bed to achieve the interlocking fixation and precise positioning between the precast flower bed and the cantilevered main body, so that the precast flower bed is supported on the cantilevered main body.

[0053] Depending on actual needs, pre-set slots for inserting and fixing precast flower beds can be provided in the cantilevered main body. A matching slot connection structure can be provided on the precast flower bed, and the precast flower bed is fixedly connected to the cantilevered main body through the cooperation of the pre-set slots and the slot connection structure.

[0054] An elastic buffer layer is installed at the connection between the precast flower bed and the ribbed steel structure to eliminate the stress caused by temperature deformation.

[0055] The reserved drainage outlet is located on the lower side of the precast flower bed to connect with the centralized drainage system and prevent water from seeping into the planting soil.

[0056] Precast flower beds can be rectangular (with a rectangular horizontal cross-section) or other suitable trough shapes. Based on the rational distribution of functional areas on the balcony, in some cases (see...) Figure 1 and Figure 2For example, the outer area of ​​the balcony (cantilevered main body) can be set as a flower bed area (planting area). A long strip of prefabricated flower bed with a span of approximately equal to that of the balcony can be installed in this area. Depending on the actual needs, one or more flower bed partitions 8 can be set in the long strip of prefabricated flower bed along the left and right directions to divide its internal space into two or more zones to facilitate zoned planting.

[0057] A permeable layer (or water collection layer) can be laid at the bottom of the prefabricated flower bed, and a planting soil layer can be laid on top of the permeable layer. The permeable layer (the lower part of the permeable layer) corresponds to the drainage outlet (drainage pipe joint) so that the water in the permeable layer can be discharged through the drainage outlet. The planting soil layer and the permeable layer can be installed according to actual needs. They can be prefabricated in the factory, or they can be laid after the balcony is assembled or when the residents use it.

[0058] The composite protection system includes an anti-corrosion coating on the steel structure surface, sealing strips at the connection between the prefabricated flower bed and the steel structure, and an anti-slip and wear-resistant layer on the balcony panel.

[0059] From the factory prefabrication of balcony components to the on-site assembly of balcony components, the main processes include the following: 1. Factory prefabrication stage ① Based on BIM or other existing technologies, structural design is carried out. According to the design data, CNC cutting equipment is used to process steel profiles and weld them into a dense ribbed steel structure cantilever main body. After welding, the surface of the steel structure is sandblasted to remove rust, and then a fluorocarbon anti-corrosion coating is sprayed on.

[0060] The selection of materials for the main ribs, secondary ribs, and edge ribs in the cantilever structure depends on actual needs. For example, typically, main ribs can be made of H-beams, I-beams, channel steel, or square steel; secondary ribs can be made of facade steel plates; and edge ribs can be made of channel steel. Appropriate cross-sectional dimensions and other parameters are selected based on the balcony's load requirements to ensure the load-bearing capacity of the cantilever structure. Since secondary ribs intersect with main ribs, they can be divided into multiple segments. The two ends of each segment are fixedly connected to adjacent main ribs or a combination of main and edge ribs, thus achieving the required vertical cross-connection.

[0061] The standardized connection nodes used, such as embedded parts for fixing the cantilevered main structure, connectors for fixing flower beds to the cantilevered main structure, connectors for fixing protective components to the cantilevered main structure, and connectors for fixing the upper and lower sealing panels, all use factory-prefabricated standard parts to achieve rapid on-site assembly. When high-strength bolt connections are used, anti-loosening washers can be installed at the bolt connections to improve the reliability of the connection.

[0062] The length (lateral dimension) of the L-shaped steel plate 12 in the embedded parts shall not be less than the length of the inner side rib of the cantilever main body, and the height (vertical dimension) shall be greater than the height of the inner side rib. The quantity, length and distribution of the anchoring steel bars 13 shall be set according to actual needs to ensure the anchoring strength and stability of the balcony.

[0063] ② Prefabricated flower beds. For example, steel troughs for prefabricated flower beds are prepared using pressure molding or steel plate welding, with pre-reserved drainage outlets and positioning protrusions (if needed). A permeable layer of expanded clay aggregate is laid inside the prefabricated flower bed. When a permeable layer is required, an impermeable layer (or waterproof and impermeable layer) is first laid on the inner side of the prefabricated flower bed, followed by the permeable layer. After the permeable layer is laid, a certain thickness of lightweight planting soil is filled in as the planting soil layer, and the bed is cured to the design strength after molding.

[0064] ③ Standardize connection nodes / connectors by using CNC machine tools to ensure that dimensional accuracy meets design requirements.

[0065] 2. Factory assembly stage The assembly of balcony components is completed, thus achieving integrated prefabrication of the balcony. Prefabricated flower beds are embedded into the mounting space of the cantilevered structure, or positioning protrusions on the prefabricated flower beds are inserted into corresponding flower bed positioning sockets. High-strength bolts are used to fix the prefabricated flower beds to the cantilevered structure as needed. Polyurethane foam is filled into the ribbed spaces that require filling (e.g., ribbed spaces not occupied by the prefabricated flower beds) to achieve filling, sealing, and insulation. During the assembly of the prefabricated flower beds, an elastic buffer layer and sealing strip are installed at the connection between the prefabricated flower beds and the cantilevered structure.

[0066] The assembly gap between the prefabricated flower bed and the cantilevered main body of the closely ribbed steel structure can be controlled within 1-3mm.

[0067] Install the sealing panels according to actual needs. The sealing panels include the upper sealing panel 4 located on the top surface of the cantilevered main body and the lower sealing panel 5 located on the bottom surface of the cantilevered main body. Fiber cement board or other suitable materials of appropriate thickness and strength can be used, and the upper and lower sealing panels can be fixedly installed on the cantilevered main body by bonding, screw fastening, or any other suitable form of connector / connection method.

[0068] 3. On-site installation phase ① The wall 11 of the main building structure is equipped with embedded parts. The prefabricated balcony components are hoisted to the preset position by a crane. The inner side rib supports the L-shaped steel plate and is in contact with the corresponding surface of the L-shaped steel plate. Continuous welding is carried out at the upper and lower edges where the L-shaped steel plate and the inner side rib are in contact. The two continuous welds 14 are located on different planes and different elevations to form a stable structure, thereby achieving reliable support for the balcony.

[0069] The corresponding embedded parts can be installed during the construction of the main building. The number of anchoring steel bars, the anchoring length, and the steel bar parameters are set according to actual needs.

[0070] ② Connect the flower bed drainage outlet to the building's drainage system.

[0071] ③ Lay the anti-slip and wear-resistant layer on the balcony panel to complete the overall installation.

[0072] The following are some specific examples: Example 1: A fully prefabricated, densely ribbed steel structure cantilever balcony component with flower beds. The main ribs are made of I-beams with a cross-section of I25a and a spacing of 500mm. The main ribs are made of 200mm×2.0mm steel plates, and the secondary ribs are spaced 1000mm apart. The densely ribbed cavities are filled with extruded polystyrene insulation material.

[0073] The prefabricated flower bed has a 0.8mm thick geomembrane as its seepage barrier layer, a 5-8mm diameter expanded clay aggregate as its permeable layer, and a 250mm thick planting soil layer made of lightweight planting soil. The positioning protrusions of the prefabricated flower bed are 50mm high and precisely match the ribbed cavity. The elastic buffer layer uses rubber pads.

[0074] The sealing strips used to seal the gaps at various joints can be made of EPDM rubber; the balcony panel is equipped with an anti-slip and wear-resistant layer.

[0075] Example 2: The fabrication method of a fully prefabricated, densely ribbed steel cantilever balcony component with flower bed is as follows: 1. Factory prefabrication stage ① Based on the processing drawings generated from the BIM model, cold-formed thin-walled steel sections are cut using a CNC plasma cutting machine with a cutting accuracy of ±0.5mm; the cantilevered main body of the densely ribbed steel structure is welded using CO2 gas shielded welding with a welding current of 180-220A, a voltage of 22-26V, a weld height of 6mm, and a weld quality grade of Class II; after welding, sandblasting is performed to remove rust at a grade of Sa2.5, followed by spraying of primer, intermediate coat, and fluorocarbon topcoat, with a total coating thickness of 120μm.

[0076] ② A geomembrane is laid on the precast flower bed load-bearing base plate using plastic molds; a 100mm thick permeable layer of expanded clay aggregate is laid on top of the geomembrane, with a 50mm diameter drainage outlet reserved; finally, a 250mm thick layer of lightweight planting soil is filled in.

[0077] ③ The connecting parts are machined using CNC machine tools, and the material is Q235B steel with rust prevention treatment.

[0078] 2. Factory assembly stage The prefabricated flower beds are embedded into the slots of the cantilevered main body of the ribbed steel structure and locked with bolts; a 10mm thick rubber buffer layer and EPDM sealing strips are installed at the joints to ensure a tight seal and prevent leakage.

[0079] 3. On-site installation phase ① Use a crane to hoist the prefabricated balcony components into place, and embed the keyway anchor end into the reserved keyway.

[0080] ② The inner side ribs of the balcony are firmly welded to the embedded parts of the main building structure.

[0081] ③ Install aluminum alloy end caps, and connect the flower bed drainage outlet to the building's rainwater pipe using PVC pipes. Lay the anti-slip decorative surface layer and ceiling decorative panels, and complete the installation after installing the balcony railing.

[0082] In this embodiment, the balcony cantilever span is 4.5m, which reduces the self-weight compared to a concrete balcony of the same span; the on-site installation time is within 4 hours per unit, which improves the construction efficiency compared to traditional prefabricated balconies.

[0083] Based on design requirements or actual needs, after the balcony components are assembled, protective components and other facilities can be installed on the cantilevered main structure or the cantilevered main structure and wall as a foundation. The height of the protective components complies with building safety regulations, and the surface is treated for corrosion prevention, rust prevention, and aesthetics. The style can be adjusted according to design requirements.

[0084] The protective components can be prefabricated steel railings or prefabricated balustrades.

[0085] The precast steel railing consists of interconnected railing posts and crossbars, with or without a protective net. The bottom of the railing posts is precast with railing mounting flanges, and the side ribs of the cantilevered main body are equipped with flange connection structures that match the railing mounting flanges. The railing mounting flanges are fixedly connected to the corresponding flange connection structures on the side ribs by high-strength bolts to achieve the fixed installation of the posts on the cantilevered main body. The crossbars are fixedly welded to the corresponding railing posts, and the protective net is fixedly installed (for example, by connecting through protective net connecting components or by welding) between the crossbars.

[0086] The protective netting can be made of wire mesh or steel plate mesh, and can be configured as a detachable structure, connected to the crossbars and / or posts by a detachable connection method.

[0087] The bottom of the precast slab is fixedly installed on the slab base 7. The slab base is fixedly installed on the cantilever body (e.g., fastened to the top surface of the side rib by bolts), and has a U-shaped cross-section with an open top. The bottom of the slab (the bottom frame / frame) is inserted into the U-shaped structure of the slab base and can be fastened to the slab base by bolts.

[0088] The balustrade can be made of glass or any other suitable material, and is framed. The frame of the balustrade can be made of steel or any other suitable material.

[0089] Depending on actual needs, guardrails and handrails may be installed on the protective components. The handrails may be made of round or square steel and fixedly connected to the guardrail posts and / or crossbars, or fixedly connected to the guardrail (e.g., the guardrail frame or skeleton).

[0090] During construction, prefabricated railing posts are hoisted onto the side beams of the fully prefabricated steel frame and fixed with connectors. Horizontal bars are installed on the railing posts. When protective netting is provided, it is installed at designated positions on the railing posts and / or horizontal bars. Alternatively, prefabricated railing panels (railing slabs) are hoisted onto the side beams of the fully prefabricated steel frame and fixed with connectors. Adjacent railing panels are fixedly connected as a whole using inter-panel connectors (e.g., bolts are used to fasten connecting plates to adjacent edges of adjacent railing panels) or connecting structures (e.g., interlocking structures between the sides of each railing panel).

[0091] When setting up multi-level balconies, each balcony is installed sequentially from bottom to top to facilitate on-site operations such as hoisting.

[0092] This invention has the following characteristics: 1) Breaking through the limitations of the traditional prefabricated balcony's single function, the prefabricated flower bed is deeply integrated with the fully prefabricated dense rib steel structure, solving the problems of existing balconies lacking green ecological functions and the flower bed not being firmly connected to the main structure.

[0093] 2) The use of closely ribbed steel structure as the core load-bearing system for the cantilever is different from traditional concrete cantilever beams or ordinary steel structures. While achieving ultra-long cantilever, it avoids the drawbacks of diagonal bracing obstructing the view and upward beams reducing the clearance.

[0094] 3) Construct a "standardized components + integrated assembly" design, where the load-bearing structure and connecting parts of the flower bed and balcony are all prefabricated in the factory, overcoming the industry pain points of messy components and low construction efficiency in existing prefabricated balconies.

[0095] 4) The ribbed steel structure adopts a modular design, forming a grid-like stress system through longitudinal and transverse ribs. Combined with prefabricated keyway connection nodes, it reduces the self-weight by more than 15% compared with traditional equal-section cantilever beams and increases the cantilever span by 30%. At the same time, the prefabricated flower beds are locked to the main structure through embedded slots, improving both impermeability and stability.

[0096] 5) The prefabricated flower bed has a built-in drainage layer, seepage prevention layer and planting soil area. It is prefabricated at the same time as the balcony structure, eliminating the need for secondary construction on site. It not only meets the needs of green planting, but also forms a composite sound insulation and heat insulation structure with the flower bed layer through the dense rib cavity, improving the living comfort.

[0097] 6) The components are all prefabricated in the factory, and the parameters of the dense rib nodes are optimized through BIM technology to achieve precise processing. The on-site assembly method adopts a three-step assembly method of "hoisting-splitting-locking", which eliminates the need for high-altitude bulk operations, improves construction efficiency by 50%, and standardizes all connecting parts to reduce transportation and installation costs.

[0098] 7) The steel structure material has a recyclability rate of up to 95%, and the prefabricated flower beds can be disassembled and replaced to adapt to different plant planting needs. At the same time, the dense rib structure reduces material loss and conforms to the trend of green environmental protection and personalized customization of prefabricated buildings.

[0099] Unless otherwise specified, the preferred and optional technical means disclosed in this invention can be arbitrarily combined to form several different specific embodiments when one preferred or optional technical means is a further limitation of another technical means.

Claims

1. A full assembly type of cantilevered balcony component with a flower pool, provided with a cantilevered main body, characterized in that The cantilevered main body adopts a closely ribbed steel structure, with several longitudinal main ribs, transverse secondary ribs, and edge ribs surrounding the main and secondary ribs fixedly connected to form a grid-like stress structure that serves as the cantilevered main body.

2. The cantilevered balcony component with flower bed and fully prefabricated dense rib steel structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The side ribs are made of channel steel.

3. The cantilevered balcony component with flower bed and fully prefabricated dense rib steel structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The densely ribbed cavity of the cantilevered main body is filled with lightweight insulation material.

4. The cantilevered balcony component with a flower bed, fully prefabricated, densely ribbed steel structure, as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that... One or more prefabricated flower beds are provided on the cantilevered main body, and the prefabricated flower beds are provided with reserved drainage outlets.

5. The cantilevered balcony component with flower bed and fully prefabricated dense rib steel structure as described in claim 4, characterized in that... The cantilevered main body is provided with a flower bed embedding structure for installing prefabricated flower beds, and the prefabricated flower beds are embedded in the flower bed embedding structure; or, the cantilevered main body is provided with a flower bed positioning socket, and the bottom of the prefabricated flower bed is provided with a plug-in positioning structure that matches the flower bed positioning socket. The installation and positioning of the prefabricated flower bed is achieved by plugging the plug-in positioning structure into the flower bed positioning groove.

6. The cantilevered balcony component with flower bed and fully prefabricated dense rib steel structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that... Several closely spaced cavities are used as flower bed positioning sockets. The closely spaced cavities used as flower bed positioning sockets are not filled with lightweight insulation material at least at the top opening. The bottom of the prefabricated flower bed is provided with protrusions for insertion and positioning structure.

7. A fully prefabricated, densely ribbed steel structure cantilevered balcony with flower beds, consisting of cantilevered balcony components assembled into the main building structure, characterized in that... The cantilever balcony component adopts the fully prefabricated dense rib steel structure cantilever balcony component with flower bed as described in any one of claims 1-6. The main building structure is provided with embedded parts for connecting the cantilever body. The inner side ribs of the cantilever body are fixedly connected with the embedded parts, thereby realizing the installation of the cantilever balcony component on the main building structure.

8. The cantilevered balcony with flower bed and fully prefabricated dense rib steel structure as described in claim 7, characterized in that... The embedded part consists of an L-shaped steel plate and several anchoring steel bars fixedly connected to the L-shaped steel plate. The inner side ribs of the cantilever body are supported on the L-shaped steel plate and fixedly connected to the L-shaped steel plate.

9. The method for manufacturing a fully prefabricated, densely ribbed steel cantilever balcony with flower beds as described in any one of claims 7-8, characterized in that... The cantilevered main body equipped with or without prefabricated flower beds is hoisted to the pre-set assembly position of the building main body. The side ribs are attached and supported on the L-shaped steel plate, and the two are welded together. The prefabricated flower beds are then assembled onto the cantilevered main body without prefabricated flower beds. The drainage outlet of the prefabricated flower beds is connected to the building drainage system through a drainage pipe, or the drainage outlet of the prefabricated flower beds is connected to a straight drainage pipe.

10. The method for manufacturing a fully prefabricated, densely ribbed steel structure cantilevered balcony with flower beds as described in claim 9, characterized in that... After the cantilevered main structure is assembled in place, protective components are assembled based on the cantilevered main structure or the cantilevered main structure and the main building structure.

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