A method, apparatus and device for calibration of a Dick-switched ozone microwave radiometer

Abstract

The application discloses a correction method, device and equipment of a Dick switch type ozone microwave radiometer, and belongs to the technical field of ozone microwave radiometer calibration. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring real-time observation data of a Dick switch type ozone microwave radiometer on ozone observation, and a receiving power ratio of a Dick switch switching to an observation signal channel and a reference signal channel in observation data of the Dick switch type ozone microwave radiometer on ozone observation under extreme weather conditions; weighting the reference signal in the real-time observation data through the receiving power ratio, determining the microwave radiation brightness temperature of ozone through cold and hot load calibration according to the difference between the observation signal and the weighted reference signal in the real-time observation data. The application can effectively correct the positive and negative peak asymmetry deviation caused by the frequency switch technology, maintain the continuity of ozone observation, significantly improve the observation accuracy, and greatly reduce the labor cost and observation cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ozone microwave radiometer calibration technology, and in particular to a calibration method, apparatus and equipment for a Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer. Background Technology

[0002] The Dick switchable microwave ozone radiometer is an important passive microwave remote sensing device for monitoring the middle atmosphere. Its working principle involves measuring the brightness temperature of microwave radiation at specific frequencies in the atmosphere to achieve real-time continuous inversion of the atmospheric ozone profile. With its high spatial resolution and long-term observation capabilities, this device has wide applications in atmospheric monitoring in specific regions.

[0003] Data calibration is a core component of atmospheric observation equipment, directly determining the accuracy and reliability of measurement data and playing a vital role in improving the scientific research level in the field of atmospheric monitoring. The first step in calibration is usually cold and hot load calibration (also known as simple calibration), which involves receiving three types of signals—cold load, hot load, and actual observation—through the antenna, and then using a two-point calibration formula to linearly convert the measured electrical signal power (unit: mW) into brightness temperature (unit: K).

[0004] The traditional formula for adjusting for hot and cold loads is as follows:

[0005] (1)

[0006] Among them, the microwave radiation brightness temperature of calibrated ozone is , For a heat load temperature of 50℃, T C The cold load temperature is -15℃. For thermal load output signal, Output signal for cold load. The observation signal output from the observation signal channel. The reference signal output from the reference signal channel.

[0007] However, even after this initial calibration, the obtained signals are usually not directly usable for final data analysis. The reason for this is that most Dick switchable ozone microwave radiometers employ frequency switching technology during data acquisition. While this technology improves the flexibility and adaptability of the equipment, it also introduces a new problem: the asymmetry of positive and negative peaks in the observed data. The observed asymmetry is primarily caused by the frequency switching technology used in the measurement. This technology achieves baseline suppression and dynamic range improvement by periodically switching between two operating frequencies. However, the sensor's response, gain, and recovery characteristics differ at different frequencies, leading to inconsistent excitation and detection efficiencies for positive and negative signals. Simultaneously, the traditional cold-load temperature stability is insufficient, failing to provide a precise low-temperature reference. Furthermore, the wide bandwidth of the atmospheric ozone spectral line amplifies the response differences between different frequencies, ultimately contributing to the asymmetry of positive and negative peaks and affecting the validity of the data.

[0008] In existing technologies, liquid nitrogen calibration is typically used instead of traditional cold load calibration to correct data deviations. As shown below:

[0009] (2)

[0010] in, The temperature of liquid nitrogen. The output signal is provided by liquid nitrogen; liquid nitrogen has a boiling point of approximately 77K and can serve as a stable cryogenic reference load. Switching to the liquid nitrogen load channel via a Dick switch allows for the acquisition of reference signal data with highly stable noise characteristics. However, this method has significant drawbacks: the liquid nitrogen requires frequent replenishment and replacement, making instrument movement inconvenient, increasing labor and observation costs, potentially disrupting observation continuity, and reducing data accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0011] To address the problems of frequent liquid nitrogen replenishment and replacement, observation interruptions, and high labor and observation costs associated with existing liquid nitrogen calibration methods, this invention provides a calibration method, apparatus, and device for a Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer. This calibration method obtains the ratio of the received power of the observation signal channel to the reference signal channel when the Dick switch is switched to under extreme weather conditions. This ratio is used to weight the reference signal in the real-time observation data. Then, based on the difference between the weighted reference signal and the observation signal, a cold / hot load calibration is performed to determine the microwave radiation brightness temperature of ozone. This invention effectively corrects the asymmetric bias between positive and negative peaks caused by frequency switching technology, maintains the continuity of ozone observations, significantly improves observation accuracy, and substantially reduces labor and observation costs.

[0012] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0013] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a calibration method for a Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer, comprising the following steps:

[0014] To obtain real-time ozone observation data from the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer, and the ratio of received power when the Dick switch is switched to the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel in the ozone observation data under extreme weather conditions.

[0015] The microwave radiation brightness temperature of ozone is determined by weighting the reference signal in the real-time observation data using the received power ratio and then using the difference between the observed signal in the real-time observation data and the weighted reference signal, through cold and hot load calibration.

[0016] Furthermore, the extreme weather conditions include: heavy rain, which is defined as rainfall of 50 mm or more within 24 hours.

[0017] Furthermore, determining the ratio of received power when the Dick switch is switched to the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel in the ozone observation data of the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer under extreme weather conditions specifically includes:

[0018] Obtain ozone observation data from a Dick switch-type microwave ozone radiometer under multiple extreme weather conditions. For each extreme weather condition, determine the ratio of received power when the Dick switch switches to the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel.

[0019] The ozone observation data under non-extreme weather conditions were corrected by using each received power ratio in turn to obtain the corrected ozone observation data, and the positive and negative peak differences of the corrected ozone observation data were determined.

[0020] If the difference between the positive and negative peaks of ozone observation data corresponding to a certain received power ratio is less than 0.1K, then it is taken as the final received power ratio; otherwise, the next received power ratio is judged until a received power ratio that meets the conditions is found.

[0021] Furthermore, if there are multiple received power ratios that meet the conditions, the received power ratio with the smallest positive and negative peak difference is selected; if there is no received power ratio that meets the conditions, the received power ratio with the smallest positive and negative peak difference among all received power ratios is adopted.

[0022] Furthermore, the reference signal in the real-time observation data is weighted by the received power ratio. Based on the difference between the observed signal in the real-time observation data and the weighted reference signal, the microwave radiation brightness temperature of ozone is determined through cold and hot load calibration, specifically including:

[0023] First, acquire the thermal load output signal for thermal load observation, the cold load output signal for cold load observation, the thermal load temperature, and the cold load temperature of the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer.

[0024] Then, the reference signal in the real-time observation data is weighted using the received power ratio to obtain the weighted reference signal, and the difference between the observed signal and the weighted reference signal is calculated.

[0025] Finally, the calculated difference, along with the obtained thermal and cold load parameters, are substituted into the thermal and cold load calibration formula to calculate the microwave radiation brightness temperature of ozone:

[0026] ;

[0027] in, The microwave radiation brightness temperature of ozone. Temperature is the temperature under heat load. For cold load temperature, For thermal load output signal, Output signal for cold load. For the observed signals in real-time observation data, As a reference signal in real-time observation data, This represents the received power ratio.

[0028] Secondly, the present invention provides a calibration device for a Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer, comprising:

[0029] The acquisition module is used to acquire real-time observation data of ozone observation by the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer, as well as the ratio of the received power of the Dick switch when switching to the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel in the ozone observation data of the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer under extreme weather conditions; the extreme weather conditions include: rainstorm weather, which is defined as precipitation of 50 mm or more within 24 hours;

[0030] The weighted correction module is used to weight the reference signal in the real-time observation data by the received power ratio, and to determine the microwave radiation brightness temperature of ozone by means of cold and hot load calibration based on the difference between the observed signal in the real-time observation data and the weighted reference signal.

[0031] Thirdly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in any of the preceding claims.

[0032] Fourthly, the present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the method described in any of the preceding claims.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0034] This invention discloses a calibration method, apparatus, and device for a Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer, utilizing observational data under extreme weather conditions for calibration. During heavy rainstorms and extreme weather events, the large amounts of liquid water and water vapor in the troposphere cause a drastic attenuation of the ozone signal above the troposphere. It can be approximated that the ozone microwave radiometer receives almost zero ozone signal above the troposphere under these conditions, receiving only the noise from the radiometer system itself and the noise from the sky. Based on this, this invention calculates the received power ratio between the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel under extreme weather conditions to accurately correct the deviation caused by the Dick switch frequency switching in conventional ozone observations. This method effectively maintains the continuity of ozone observations, significantly improves observation accuracy, and substantially reduces the labor and observation costs associated with traditional liquid nitrogen calibration. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart illustrating a calibration method for a Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer provided by the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 This invention provides a schematic diagram of a process for processing microwave radiometer ozone data using an extreme weather calibration method.

[0038] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the comparison and verification process between an extreme weather calibration method and a traditional liquid nitrogen calibration method provided by this invention.

[0039] Figure 4 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the gain ratio under the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of calibration results with different baselines provided by the present invention; where a is the ozone data obtained after calibration with different baselines, and b is the difference between the positive and negative peaks obtained after calibration with different baselines.

[0041] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a calibration device for a Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer provided by the present invention;

[0042] In the diagram: Acquisition module 201, weighted correction module 202;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a computer device for implementing a calibration method for a Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer, as provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To clearly and completely describe the technical solution and its specific working process of the present invention, the specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a calibration method for a Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer according to this embodiment, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0047] S101: Obtain real-time observation data of ozone observation by the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer, and the ratio of the received power of the Dick switch when switching to the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel in the ozone observation data of the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer under extreme weather conditions; the extreme weather conditions include: rainstorm weather.

[0048] S102: The reference signal in the real-time observation data is weighted by the received power ratio, and the microwave radiation brightness temperature of ozone is determined by cold and hot load calibration based on the difference between the observed signal in the real-time observation data and the weighted reference signal.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment uses observation data under extreme weather conditions (heavy rain) as the "baseline" (BL) of the ozone microwave radiometer. In extreme weather, the large amount of liquid water and water vapor in the troposphere will cause the ozone signal above the troposphere to be attenuated very severely. Therefore, it can be approximated that the ozone signal above the troposphere observed by the ozone microwave radiometer is almost zero, and only the noise of the ozone microwave radiometer system itself and the noise of the sky can be received.

[0050] Therefore, we can first obtain the received power ratio of the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer when switching to the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel in ozone observation data under extreme weather conditions, as well as the hot load output signal, cold load output signal, hot load temperature, and cold load temperature of the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer for hot load observation and cold load observation. The reference signal is then weighted based on the received power ratio using the following formula, and the microwave radiation brightness temperature of ozone is determined using hot and cold load calibration based on the difference between the observation signal and the weighted reference signal, the hot load output signal, the cold load output signal, the hot load temperature, and the cold load temperature:

[0051] (3)

[0052] in, This represents the ratio of received power when the Dick switch is switched to the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel in ozone observation data under extreme weather conditions.

[0053] Because the Dick switch rapidly switches between the observation and reference signal channels, the effective received power of the two channels at different frequency points is not perfectly symmetrical due to the influence of the frequency switching technology itself, the instrument gain response, and the channel transmission characteristics. Direct subtraction introduces an inherent bias. The received power ratio obtained above essentially reflects the difference in system response between the observation and reference channels during the switching process, and is a direct representation of the asymmetry introduced by the frequency switch. Therefore, using this received power ratio to weight the reference signal in conventional real-time observation data can effectively compensate for the inconsistencies in gain, transmission efficiency, and frequency response between the two channels, ensuring that the reference signal and the observation signal are matched in amplitude and frequency response. Further calculation of the difference between the observation signal and the weighted reference signal can effectively eliminate the channel asymmetry bias introduced by the frequency switch, providing a more realistic radiation difference signal for subsequent hot and cold load calibration, thereby improving the accuracy of ozone microwave radiation brightness temperature inversion.

[0054] Under the same application conditions as traditional calibration, this scheme can effectively eliminate the problem of asymmetric positive and negative peaks in ozone data caused by frequency switching technology by taking advantage of the strong attenuation effect of tropospheric liquid water and water vapor on ozone signals during rainstorms.

[0055] To verify the feasibility and reliability of the technical solution of this invention, the baseline calibration method for rainstorm days proposed in this invention will be compared and analyzed with the traditional liquid nitrogen calibration method. By quantifying the difference in calibration error between the two methods, the technical effectiveness of the solution of this invention will be verified.

[0056] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the verification process of a calibration method for heavy rain in this invention. The ratio of the received power of the Dick switch when switching to the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel in the ozone observation data of the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer under extreme weather conditions is obtained in advance.

[0057] Specifically, when obtaining the received power ratio, the server first acquires ozone observation data from a Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer under various extreme weather conditions. For each set of observation data, the server determines the received power ratio when the Dick switch switches to the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel. Using the received power ratio of this set of observation data, the ozone observation data obtained under non-extreme weather conditions is corrected to obtain corrected ozone observation data. Based on the difference between the peak values ​​of the high-frequency channel and the low-frequency channel in the corrected ozone observation data, the positive and negative peak difference of the corrected ozone observation data is determined. If the positive and negative peak difference of the ozone observation data corresponding to the received power ratio of this set of observation data is less than 0.1K, then the received power ratio of this set of observation data is taken as the final received power ratio; otherwise, the server continues to judge the received power ratio of the next set of observation data.

[0058] After correction for the ratio of received power in the observation signal channel to received power in the reference signal channel under different extreme weather conditions, the shapes and peak values ​​of the positive and negative peaks in the ozone observation data are different. Typically, the negative peak corresponds to the low-frequency channel, and the positive peak corresponds to the high-frequency channel. They are usually centrally symmetrical. Then, the difference between the positive and negative peaks is calculated. Specifically, it can be not just the peak values ​​that are differed, but also the absolute value of the negative peak channel (e.g., low-frequency range 0-4000) subtracted from the positive peak channel (e.g., high-frequency range 4000-8000). Due to the central symmetry, the subtraction can be performed frequency-by-frequency from the boundary between the high-frequency and low-frequency channels towards the high-frequency and low-frequency sides. For example, the amplitude at frequency 4001 is subtracted from the amplitude at frequency 3999, the amplitude at frequency 4002 is subtracted from the amplitude at frequency 3998, and so on. If all differences are less than 0.1K, it proves that this... If the value meets the baseline standard of the ozone microwave radiometer, then the received power ratio under this set of observation data shall be taken as the final received power ratio.

[0059] To obtain an optimal k value and ensure the correction effect, this embodiment provides a method for determining the optimal baseline. Please refer to [reference needed] for details. Figure 3 This includes the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Selection of Observational Data and Determination of Baseline Parameters. Observational data collected by an ozone microwave radiometer under heavy rain conditions can be selected. The heavy rain conditions must meet the meteorological observation standard of "24-hour precipitation ≥ 50 mm" to ensure that the tropospheric liquid water and water vapor content reaches the conditions required for strong ozone signal attenuation. The gain ratio between the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel in this data is then extracted. The gain ratio Defined as the calibration "baseline" for the ozone microwave radiometer. Here, the gain ratio... The calculation is based on the ratio of the received power of the observation signal channel to the received power of the reference signal channel. Its value directly reflects the gain matching degree of the two channels and is the core parameter for subsequent calibration of the asymmetry of positive and negative peaks.

[0061] Step 2: Calculation of Ozone Peak Difference and Baseline Reasonableness Assessment. MATLAB software can be used to correct the above baseline for ozone observation data obtained under non-extreme weather conditions, and calculate the peak difference. A threshold of 0.1K is set for this difference.

[0062] The determination of this threshold is mainly based on the following aspects: Considering the conventional performance indicators of ground-based ozone microwave radiometers, the system noise equivalent temperature (NET) of existing radiometers of the same type is generally ≤0.1K. A difference threshold of 0.1K ensures that the deviation between positive and negative peaks is within the allowable range of the equipment's own noise, avoiding noise interference with the calibration results. Simultaneously, referring to the accuracy level of the traditional liquid nitrogen calibration method, the difference between ozone positive and negative peaks after liquid nitrogen calibration is usually controlled within 0.1K. Using this as a threshold ensures that the calibration accuracy of the method of this invention is consistent with that of the traditional method. Furthermore, this threshold also meets the requirements for subsequent atmospheric ozone profile inversion. When the difference between ozone positive and negative peaks is ≤0.1K, the error of the ozone concentration profile obtained based on this data can be controlled within 5%, meeting the accuracy requirements of atmospheric science research for ozone observation data. If the calculated difference between positive and negative peaks is <0.1K, the currently selected baseline is deemed reasonable and can be applied to subsequent calibration work; if the difference is ≥0.1K, the baseline is deemed unable to meet the calibration accuracy requirements.

[0063] Step 3: Baseline Optimization and Optimal Solution Acquisition. For baselines deemed unreasonable, reselect observation data from other rainstorm days (ensuring each selected data comes from a different rainstorm event to avoid bias caused by data repetition). Repeat steps 1 and 2 until baseline data satisfying "positive and negative peak difference < 0.1K" is found. Evaluate the error; if the positive and negative peak error is less than 0.1K, stop the loop and output the data:

[0064] (4)

[0065] In the formula, It is the absolute value of the difference between the positive and negative peaks. The brightness temperature corresponding to the positive peak. This represents the brightness temperature corresponding to the negative peak. If the error between the positive and negative peaks is less than 0.1 K, the ratio of the received power under this rainstorm is determined as the optimal baseline for this calibration method, thus completing the verification process.

[0066] Please refer to Figure 4 It shows a schematic diagram of the gain ratio under the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel. Figure 4As can be seen, the gain ratio k of the equipment's observation channel in 2022 was significantly lower than two years ago, with an average decrease of 0.0017. Although this change is not large, the baseline shift will cause significant errors in subsequent baseline calibration. Therefore, the change in the equipment baseline means that the baseline must be recalibrated regularly, which also confirms the importance of using rainstorm data for calibration in this invention.

[0067] Please refer to Figure 5 ,in Figure 5 Part (a) shows the ozone peak line correction data at different gain ratios, and part (b) shows the difference between the positive and negative ozone peaks. Figure 5 As can be seen, the same ozone data yields different results when calibrated using different gain ratios. When calibrated using the gain ratio obtained during the 2020 rainstorm, the difference between the positive and negative peaks (blue line) is significantly greater than the difference between the positive and negative peaks obtained when calibrated using the gain ratio obtained during the 2022 rainstorm (red line). Therefore, the baseline of the device itself will shift over time. In the extreme weather calibration method proposed in this invention, the gain ratios of the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel should be updated in real time.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a calibration device for a Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer provided in this embodiment includes:

[0070] The acquisition module 201 is used to acquire real-time observation data of ozone observation by the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer, as well as the ratio of the received power of the Dick switch when switching to the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel in the ozone observation data of the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer under extreme weather conditions; the extreme weather conditions include: rainstorm weather;

[0071] The weighted correction module 202 is used to weight the reference signal in the real-time observation data by the received power ratio, and to determine the microwave radiation brightness temperature of ozone by cold and hot load calibration based on the difference between the observed signal in the real-time observation data and the weighted reference signal.

[0072] Specific limitations regarding the calibration device for the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer can be found in the above-described limitations on the calibration method for the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer, and will not be repeated here. Each module in the aforementioned calibration device for the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in hardware or independently of the processor in a computer device, or stored in software in the memory of a computer device, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0073] Example 3

[0074] This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that can be used to execute the above-described... Figure 1 The provided calibration method for the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer.

[0075] Example 4

[0076] This embodiment provides Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the computer device shown is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, at the hardware level, this computer device includes a processor, internal bus, network interface, memory, and non-volatile memory, and may also include other hardware required for business operations. The processor reads the corresponding computer program from the non-volatile memory into memory and then executes it to achieve the above. Figure 1 The provided calibration method for the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer.

[0077] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any references to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided by this invention can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, or optical storage, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can be in various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM), etc.

[0078] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0079] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0080] Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A calibration method for a Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: To obtain real-time ozone observation data from the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer, and the ratio of received power when the Dick switch is switched to the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel in the ozone observation data under extreme weather conditions. The microwave radiation brightness temperature of ozone is determined by weighting the reference signal in the real-time observation data using the received power ratio and then using the difference between the observed signal in the real-time observation data and the weighted reference signal, through cold and hot load calibration.

2. The calibration method for a Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The extreme weather conditions include: heavy rain, which is defined as rainfall of 50 mm or more within 24 hours.

3. The calibration method for a Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the ratio of received power when the Dick switch is switched to the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel in the ozone observation data of the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer under extreme weather conditions specifically includes: Obtain ozone observation data from a Dick switch-type microwave ozone radiometer under multiple extreme weather conditions. For each extreme weather condition, determine the ratio of received power when the Dick switch switches to the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel. The ozone observation data under non-extreme weather conditions were corrected by using each received power ratio in turn to obtain the corrected ozone observation data, and the positive and negative peak differences of the corrected ozone observation data were determined. If the difference between the positive and negative peaks of ozone observation data corresponding to a certain received power ratio is less than 0.1K, then it is taken as the final received power ratio; otherwise, the next received power ratio is judged until a received power ratio that meets the conditions is found.

4. The calibration method for a Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer as described in claim 3, characterized in that, If multiple received power ratios that meet the conditions exist, the received power ratio with the smallest positive and negative peak difference is selected; if no received power ratio that meets the conditions exists, the received power ratio with the smallest positive and negative peak difference among all received power ratios is adopted.

5. The calibration method for a Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The reference signal in the real-time observation data is weighted by the received power ratio. Based on the difference between the observed signal in the real-time observation data and the weighted reference signal, the microwave radiation brightness temperature of ozone is determined through cold and hot load calibration. Specifically, this includes: First, acquire the thermal load output signal for thermal load observation, the cold load output signal for cold load observation, the thermal load temperature, and the cold load temperature of the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer. Then, the reference signal in the real-time observation data is weighted using the received power ratio to obtain the weighted reference signal, and the difference between the observed signal and the weighted reference signal is calculated. Finally, the calculated difference, along with the obtained thermal and cold load parameters, are substituted into the thermal and cold load calibration formula to calculate the microwave radiation brightness temperature of ozone: ； in, The microwave radiation brightness temperature of ozone. Temperature is the temperature under heat load. For cold load temperature, For thermal load output signal, Output signal for cold load. For the observed signals in real-time observation data, As a reference signal in real-time observation data, This represents the received power ratio.

6. A calibration device for a Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer, used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire real-time observation data of ozone observation by the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer, as well as the ratio of the received power of the Dick switch when switching to the observation signal channel and the reference signal channel in the ozone observation data of the Dick switch-type ozone microwave radiometer under extreme weather conditions. The extreme weather conditions include: heavy rain, which is defined as rainfall of 50 mm or more within 24 hours; The weighted correction module is used to weight the reference signal in the real-time observation data by the received power ratio, and to determine the microwave radiation brightness temperature of ozone by means of cold and hot load calibration based on the difference between the observed signal in the real-time observation data and the weighted reference signal.

7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

8. A computer device, characterized in that, It includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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