A method and device for controlling the rapid charge and discharge of an energy storage capacitor

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of energy storage capacitor fast charge-discharge control method and control device, method includes the following steps: in response to charging signal, energy storage module is pre-charged to adaptive setting storage voltage value;The energy storage module is charged to energy storage capacitor by energy regulating module, and control charging current is gradually increased sawtooth wave of peak value, so that charging speed is accelerated.The application aims at providing high power density product, greatly improve the charging and discharging speed of energy storage capacitor, the application is adjusted by the energy regulating module and is gradually increased sawtooth wave of peak value of charging speed or discharging speed, so that charging speed or discharging speed is accelerated, to realize fast supplement or discharge energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of switching power supply converter technology, specifically to a method and device for controlling the rapid charging and discharging of an energy storage capacitor. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of power electronics technology, power switching devices such as silicon MOS, silicon carbide MOS, and IGBT have been widely used. At the same time, these switching devices are developing towards higher frequency, higher voltage level, and higher current carrying capacity.

[0003] However, the power device double-pulse test experimental setup is a supporting device for power device testing. Double-pulse testing is an important means of characterizing the dynamic characteristics of power semiconductor devices and is applicable to various types of power devices. Double-pulse testing occurs in various stages such as device research and development, device production, and system application. Through double-pulse testing, the performance of power devices can be conveniently evaluated, key parameters in steady-state and dynamic processes can be obtained, and device performance can be better assessed, drive design optimized, etc.

[0004] Power devices can be tested using a dual-pulse test device to measure their switching dynamic parameters, including turn-on delay time, turn-on rise time, turn-off delay time, turn-off fall time, turn-on loss, and turn-off loss. These parameters are read from the voltage and current waveforms (gate-source voltage VGS, drain-source voltage VDS, and collector current Id) during the turn-on and turn-off operations of the power device. With the continuous development of technology, people have increasingly higher requirements for the manufacturing process, testing accuracy, and testing speed of dual-pulse test experimental devices for power devices.

[0005] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the basic circuit module of an existing double-pulse test experimental device for power devices. According to the principle of double-pulse testing, the greater the current carrying capacity of the power switching device under test and the higher the required test accuracy, the larger the value of the energy storage capacitor U needs to be placed in the test system. A larger energy storage capacitor value results in a smaller voltage change in the energy storage capacitor during the double-pulse test, leading to higher test accuracy when testing high-voltage power devices. Existing 1200V level test systems typically use energy storage capacitors with a value of 2mF or higher. Furthermore, the higher the voltage rating of the power switching device under test, the greater the energy stored in the capacitor. The energy storage formula is 1 / 2. C (U1) 2 -U2 2As can be seen, C is the capacitance of the energy storage capacitor, U1 is the final value of the energy storage capacitor, and U2 is the initial value of the energy storage capacitor. In actual double-pulse testing, different voltages at the terminals of the energy storage capacitor are continuously set according to the test requirements to meet the test needs. The speed of voltage adjustment of the energy storage capacitor directly affects the speed of the test system for testing power devices. The power supply for capacitor U in the existing double-pulse test system is a common constant current switching power supply. To achieve fast charging, this power supply needs to output a large constant current and voltage value, resulting in high power, large size, and high cost. At the same time, this power supply needs to be used with a bleed resistor to achieve the voltage bleed function of capacitor U. The faster the bleed speed of the resistor, the smaller the required bleed resistor value, and the greater the instantaneous energy bleed by the resistor. U t / R, where U is the voltage across the resistor, t is the time applied across the resistor, and R is the resistance of the bleeder resistor. The system requires a large resistor, and using a resistor for energy bleed results in the system generating a lot of heat, requiring a separate heat dissipation device. This leads to high system cooling costs and significant energy waste.

[0006] The background technology of patent number CN 114966267 B also mentions that as the power level increases, the module current level also increases. When performing dual-pulse testing on high-power modules, the energy transferred from the bus capacitor to the load inductor L increases, leading to a bus voltage drop problem. The magnitude of the voltage drop directly determines the test accuracy. Existing technologies mostly solve this problem by adding bus capacitors. However, adding capacitors brings problems such as increased size, higher cost, and reduced test accuracy due to parasitic parameter effects.

[0007] The patent also proposes a dual-pulse testing method. During the first pulse controlling the conduction of the switch under test (DUT), the inductance of the load inductor connected to the DUT is controlled to be less than a first threshold. This means that the DUT uses a load inductor with a smaller inductance during the first pulse, thereby reducing the energy transferred from the DC bus capacitor to the load inductor and reducing the degree of bus voltage drop during dual-pulse testing of high-power modules. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for an external capacitor bank, thus avoiding the low accuracy problem caused by external capacitor banks in existing technologies. Additionally, the patent proposes using a load inductor with a larger inductance after the first pulse ends. Therefore, during the dual-pulse interval, the energy consumption of the load inductor is slow, and the current difference between the load inductor at the beginning of the second pulse and the end of the first pulse is small, ensuring the accuracy of the test results. The disadvantages of this technical solution are that the power test circuit requires an additional power inductor switching circuit, resulting in high current and losses, circuit complexity, large product size, and increased cost.

[0008] Furthermore, based on the experimental principle of dual-pulse testing for power devices, it is known that the smaller the mass production tolerance of the energy storage capacitor, the less the capacitance value is affected by factors such as applied voltage, ambient temperature, and operating time. Therefore, we propose a novel power supply device for a dual-pulse testing experimental apparatus for power devices. This device can achieve rapid energy regulation of the capacitor U to meet charging and discharging needs, while also exhibiting low energy loss, high efficiency, small power supply size, and low cost during operation. The rapid energy replenishment scheme also avoids some of the drawbacks mentioned in CN 114966267 B patent, such as the additional capacitor or capacitor bank mentioned, and the dual-inductor testing switching scheme proposed in that patent that replaces the addition of a capacitor. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the above problems, the technical problem to be solved by this invention is: to propose a novel architecture for a fast charging and discharging control method and control device for energy storage capacitors, used as a power supply device for a power device dual-pulse test experimental apparatus: 1. It meets the requirements of rapid energy regulation to achieve rapid charging and discharging of capacitor U, improving test efficiency; 2. It solves the problem of voltage drop of bus capacitor during testing in applications requiring higher current power devices, without the need to increase the capacitance of the bus capacitor, by using instantaneous energy replenishment technology; 3. This patented technology uses an energy optimization control algorithm to recover and reuse the energy of the energy storage capacitor, greatly reducing the system power level and power loss, thereby achieving a high-reliability power supply with small product size, high efficiency, low energy consumption, low system heat generation, and low cost.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling the rapid charging and discharging of an energy storage capacitor, the method comprising the following steps: In response to a charging signal, the energy storage module is pre-charged to an adaptively set storage voltage value; The energy storage module charges the energy storage capacitor through the energy regulation module and controls the charging current to be a sawtooth wave with gradually increasing peak value, thereby accelerating the charging speed.

[0011] Optionally, the pre-charging of the energy storage module to an adaptive set voltage value specifically includes: The set storage voltage value is determined based on the pre-charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor, the charging threshold voltage of the energy storage capacitor, the capacitance value of the energy storage capacitor, the capacitance value of the storage capacitor in the energy storage module, and the adjusted voltage of the storage capacitor.

[0012] Optionally, the specific calculation method for the set storage voltage value is as follows: ; in, U is the voltage of the energy storage capacitor CB before it is recharged.CB t is the voltage after the energy storage capacitor CB is replenished, i L1 CB is the inductor current, and CB is the capacitance of the energy storage capacitor CB; Optionally, the energy storage module charges the energy storage capacitor through an energy regulation module and controls the charging current to exhibit a sawtooth wave with gradually increasing peak values, thereby accelerating the charging speed. Specifically, this includes: The charging current threshold is dynamically adjusted based on the voltage of the energy storage capacitor and the voltage of the storage capacitor in the energy storage module. If the charging current is determined to be less than the charging current threshold, the duty cycle of the switching transistor in the energy regulation module is controlled so that the charging current increases to the charging current threshold in each cycle. Optionally, the formula for calculating the charging current threshold is: ; Among them, U CB U is the voltage of the energy storage capacitor CB. CA For the voltage CA stored in the energy storage module, I L1 Where is the charging current threshold, D is the duty cycle of the switching transistor, f is the operating frequency, and L1 is the inductance. Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for controlling the rapid charging and discharging of an energy storage capacitor, the method comprising the following steps: In response to the discharge signal, the energy storage capacitor is discharged to the energy storage module through the energy regulation module, and the discharge current is controlled to be a sawtooth wave with gradually increasing peak value, so as to accelerate the discharge speed.

[0013] Optionally, discharging the energy storage capacitor to the energy storage module through the energy regulation module specifically includes: If the voltage of the energy storage capacitor is determined to be greater than the reverse energy regulation threshold, the energy storage capacitor will be reverse-stored into the energy storage module through the energy regulation module until the voltage of the energy storage module reaches the maximum set voltage threshold. When the voltage of the energy storage module reaches the maximum set voltage threshold, and the voltage of the energy storage capacitor is still greater than the set storage threshold, the energy storage capacitor discharges through the energy discharge module until the energy stored in the energy storage capacitor reaches the set storage threshold.

[0014] Optionally, the controlled discharge current exhibits a sawtooth wave with gradually increasing peak values, thereby accelerating the discharge speed. Specifically, this includes... The discharge current threshold is dynamically adjusted based on the voltage of the energy storage capacitor and the voltage of the storage capacitor in the energy storage module. If the discharge current is determined to be less than the discharge current threshold, the duty cycle of the switching transistor in the energy regulation module is controlled so that the discharge current increases to the discharge current threshold in each cycle.

[0015] Optionally, the formula for calculating the discharge current threshold is: ; Among them, U CB U is the voltage of the energy storage capacitor CB. CA For the voltage CA stored in the energy storage module, I L1 Where is the discharge current threshold, D is the duty cycle of the switching transistor, f is the operating frequency, and L1 is the inductance.

[0016] Thirdly, the present invention provides a control device for applying the fast charging and discharging control method of the energy storage capacitor described in the first or second aspect, the control device comprising an energy supply module, an energy storage module, an energy regulation module, an energy discharge module, an energy storage capacitor, a first sampling circuit, a second sampling circuit, and a controller; The energy regulation module is connected to the energy storage module and the energy storage capacitor. The energy storage module is also connected to the energy supply module and the first sampling circuit. The energy storage capacitor is also connected to the energy discharge module and the second sampling circuit. The output terminal of the first sampling circuit is connected to the first input terminal of the controller. The output terminal of the second sampling circuit is connected to the second input terminal of the controller. The first output terminal of the controller is connected to the energy supply module. The second output terminal of the controller is connected to the energy regulation module.

[0017] Optionally, the energy regulation module is a BUCK converter, a four-switch BUCK BOOST converter, a CLLC converter, a full-bridge converter, or an LLC resonant converter.

[0018] For a detailed analysis of the working process and principle of this invention, please refer to the specific embodiments. Through the analysis of the working principle, the beneficial effects of the fast charging and discharging control method and control device for energy storage capacitors of this invention can be derived as follows: This invention employs an energy storage scheme to recover energy from the energy storage capacitor without loss, thus reducing energy intake from the grid by more than one-third compared to existing technologies. Compared to traditional methods that directly use resistors for discharge, the system generates significantly less heat, eliminating the need for additional cooling systems and devices, resulting in high efficiency and energy savings. 1. This power system is small in size, lightweight, lower in cost, and more reliable.

[0019] 2. The present invention adjusts the charging speed or discharging speed to a sawtooth wave with gradually increasing peak value through the energy regulation module, thereby accelerating the charging speed or discharging speed and achieving rapid replenishment or release of energy.

[0020] 3. This invention optimizes the energy control algorithm to rationally recover and utilize the energy of the energy storage capacitor, further improving the high efficiency and energy-saving effect of the patented product. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the power circuit principle of the dual-pulse test experimental device for power devices; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the application circuit principle of the fast charging and discharging control method for energy storage capacitors according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of energy transfer during energy supply in the fast charging and discharging control method for energy storage capacitors according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of energy transfer during charging in the fast charging and discharging control method for an energy storage capacitor according to the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of energy transfer during discharge in the fast charging and discharging control method for an energy storage capacitor according to the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of energy transfer during the discharge process of a fast charging and discharging control method for an energy storage capacitor according to the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of a fast charging and discharging control method for an energy storage capacitor according to the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the current adaptive comparison threshold principle of the fast charging and discharging control method for energy storage capacitors according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention and its beneficial effects will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. However, the specific embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0023] like Figure 2The diagram shows the application environment circuit principle of the power supply for the dual-pulse test experimental device of the present invention. The system includes: an energy supply module 1, an energy storage module 2, an energy regulation module 3, an energy discharge module 4, an energy storage capacitor CB, a first sampling circuit 6, a second sampling circuit 7, a controller 8, and an external control module 9. The energy supply module 1 is connected to the input voltage Vin and the energy storage module 2. The energy storage module 2 is connected to the energy regulation module 3. The energy regulation module 3 can quickly provide the energy supplied by the energy supply module 1 to the energy storage capacitor for rapid charging, and can also quickly reverse the energy in the energy storage capacitor and provide it to the energy storage module 2 through the energy regulation module 3 to achieve rapid discharge of the energy storage capacitor. The first sampling circuit 6 collects the voltage of the energy storage module 2 through a resistor divider, and the second sampling circuit 7 collects the voltage of the energy storage capacitor through a resistor divider and provides it to the controller 8 for corresponding control of the system.

[0024] This invention provides a method for controlling the rapid charging and discharging of an energy storage capacitor, the method comprising the following steps: S110, In response to the charging signal, precharge the energy storage module 2 to the adaptive set storage voltage value; S120. The energy storage module 2 charges the energy storage capacitor through the energy regulation module 3 and controls the charging current to be a sawtooth wave with gradually increasing peak value, thereby accelerating the charging speed.

[0025] In one embodiment, step S110, which pre-charges the energy storage module 2 to an adaptive set voltage value, specifically includes: The set storage voltage value is determined based on the pre-charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor, the charging threshold voltage of the energy storage capacitor, the capacitance value of the energy storage capacitor, the capacitance value of the storage capacitor in the energy storage module 2, and the adjusted voltage of the storage capacitor.

[0026] The specific calculation method for the set storage voltage value is as follows: ; in, U is the voltage of the energy storage capacitor CB before it is recharged. CB t is the voltage after the energy storage capacitor CB is replenished, i L1 CB is the inductor current, and CB is the capacitance of the energy storage capacitor CB; In one embodiment, the energy storage module 2 in step S120 charges the energy storage capacitor through the energy regulation module 3 and controls the charging current to exhibit a sawtooth wave with gradually increasing peak values, thereby accelerating the charging speed. Specifically, this includes: S121. Dynamically adjust the charging current threshold based on the voltage of the energy storage capacitor and the voltage of the storage capacitor in the energy storage module 2. S122. Determine that the charging current is less than the charging current threshold, and control the duty cycle of the switching transistor in the energy regulation module 3 so that the charging current increases to the charging current threshold in each cycle. Optionally, the formula for calculating the charging current threshold is: ; Among them, U CB U is the voltage of the energy storage capacitor CB. CA For the voltage of the storage capacitor CA in energy storage module 2, I L1 Where is the charging current threshold, D is the duty cycle of the switching transistor, f is the operating frequency, and L1 is the inductance. The specific control principle of this embodiment is as follows: The external control module sends a charging signal to the controller 8. In the first stage, the capacitor CA voltage has been pre-charged to reach the adaptive set storage voltage value, making the CA voltage higher than the CB voltage. The switches S5 and S7 of the energy regulation module 3 are turned on, transferring the energy of the stored capacitor CA to the energy storage capacitor CB through the S5, L1, and S7 circuits. S5 and S6 form a complementary drive, and S7 and S8 form a complementary drive. The formula for the inductor L1 current is as follows: (1) Where D represents the duty cycle of S5 / S7, and f represents the switching frequency; The relevant formula for the charging speed of the energy storage capacitor CB is as follows: (2) When the output energy storage capacitor CB and the voltage regulation ΔV CB With the external control module preset, as shown in Formula 2, this patented solution obtains the peak current of inductor L1 through sampling, and together with the first sampling circuit 6 and the second sampling circuit 7, controls the conduction and cutoff of S5 and S7, combined with adaptive adjustment of the inductor current I. L1 The threshold value can be used to adjust the charging speed of capacitor CB and the inductor current I. L1 The higher the threshold, the faster the capacitor CB charges.

[0027] In the second stage, as energy is output from CA to CB, when the voltage of CA is lower than that of CB, switches S5 and S8 are turned on. The energy stored in inductor L1 is shown in Formula 3. When the current flowing through inductor L1 is less than the preset current I of the adaptive inductor... L1At the threshold, switches S5 and S8 are turned off, and switches S6 and S7 are turned on, outputting energy to CB. The voltage of the energy storage capacitor CB rises. When the voltage detected by the second detection circuit is greater than the preset voltage value set by the external control module, switches S5, S6, S7, and S8 are turned off simultaneously, stopping the output of energy to CB. When the voltage detected by the second detection circuit is less than the preset voltage value set by the external control module, switches S5, S6, S7, and S8 operate according to the sampling voltage values ​​of the first sampling circuit 6 and the second sampling circuit 7, thereby stabilizing the voltage of the output capacitor CB.

[0028] The formula for the energy stored in the inductor during the conduction of switching transistors S5 and S8 is as follows: (3) Among them, V CA The voltage across capacitor CA is V. CB The voltage across capacitor CB is denoted as CB.

[0029] In another embodiment, the present invention also provides a method for controlling the rapid charging and discharging of an energy storage capacitor, the method comprising the following steps: S200, in response to the discharge signal, the energy storage capacitor is discharged to the energy storage module 2 through the energy regulation module 3, and the discharge current is controlled to be a sawtooth wave with gradually increasing peak value, so as to accelerate the discharge speed.

[0030] In one embodiment, discharging the energy storage capacitor to the energy storage module 2 through the energy regulation module 3 specifically includes: S211. Determine that the voltage of the energy storage capacitor is greater than the reverse energy regulation threshold, and the energy storage capacitor is reverse-stored to the energy storage module 2 through the energy regulation module 3 until the voltage of the energy storage module 2 reaches the maximum set voltage threshold. S212. When the voltage of the energy storage module 2 reaches the maximum set voltage threshold, and the voltage of the energy storage capacitor is still greater than the set storage threshold, the energy storage capacitor discharges through the energy discharge module 4 until the energy stored in the energy storage capacitor reaches the set storage threshold.

[0031] In one embodiment, the controlled discharge current exhibits a sawtooth wave with gradually increasing peak value, thereby accelerating the discharge speed. Specifically, this includes... S221. Dynamically adjust the discharge current threshold based on the voltage of the energy storage capacitor and the voltage of the storage capacitor in the energy storage module 2. S222. Determine that the discharge current is less than the discharge current threshold, and control the duty cycle of the switching transistor in the energy regulation module 3 so that the discharge current increases to the discharge current threshold in each cycle.

[0032] It should be noted that the formula for calculating the discharge current threshold is as follows: ; Among them, U CB U is the voltage of the energy storage capacitor CB. CA For the voltage of the storage capacitor CA in energy storage module 2, I L1 Where is the discharge current threshold, D is the duty cycle of the switching transistor, f is the operating frequency, and L1 is the inductance.

[0033] Mode 2: The external control module sends a reversed energy output adjustment signal to controller 8. Its circuit adjustment principle is the same as the working principle when the external control module sends a charging signal to controller 8, which will not be described in detail here.

[0034] The specific control principle of this embodiment is as follows: In the first stage, the energy storage capacitor CB has been pre-charged to a preset value, making the CB voltage higher than the CA voltage. Switches S5 and S7 of the energy regulation module 3 are then turned on, transferring the energy from capacitor CB to the storage capacitor CA through the S7, L1, and S5 circuits. S5 and S6 form a complementary drive pair, and S7 and S8 form another complementary drive pair. The formula for the inductor L1 current is as follows: (4) Where D represents the duty cycle of S5 / S7, and f represents the switching frequency; The relevant formula for the discharge rate of the output capacitor CB is as follows: (5) When the output energy storage capacitor CB and the voltage regulation ΔV CB With the external control module preset, as shown in Formula 2, this patented solution obtains the peak current of inductor L1 through sampling, and together with the first sampling circuit 6 and the second sampling circuit 7, controls the conduction and cutoff of S5 and S7, combined with adaptive adjustment of the inductor current I. L1 The threshold value can be used to adjust the discharge rate of capacitor CB and the inductor current I. L1 The higher the threshold, the faster the capacitor CB discharges.

[0035] In the second stage, as energy is transferred from CB to CA, when the voltage of CB is lower than that of CA, switches S7 and S6 are turned on. The energy stored in inductor L1 is shown in Formula 5. When the current flowing through inductor L1 is less than the preset current I of the adaptive inductor... L1At the threshold, switches S7 and S6 are turned off, and switches S4 and S8 are turned on, transferring energy to CA. The voltage of the energy storage capacitor CB drops. When the voltage detected by the second detection circuit is less than the preset voltage value set by the external control module, switches S5, S6, S7, and S8 are turned off simultaneously, stopping the output of energy to CA. When the voltage detected by the second detection circuit is greater than the preset voltage value set by the external control module, switches S5, S6, S7, and S8 operate according to the sampling voltage values ​​of the first sampling circuit 6 and the second sampling circuit 7, thereby stabilizing the voltage of the output capacitor CB.

[0036] The formula for the energy stored in the inductor during the conduction of switching transistors S6 and S7 is as follows: (6) Among them, V CA The voltage across capacitor CA is V. CB The voltage across capacitor CB is denoted as CB.

[0037] Furthermore, when the voltage of the storage capacitor CA reaches the maximum set voltage threshold, the second sampling circuit 7 samples the signal to the controller 8. When it detects that the voltage of the energy storage capacitor CB is still greater than the set voltage threshold, the controller 8 controls the switch S9 to turn on the discharge module to start working, and discharges the voltage of the energy storage capacitor CB through the discharge module until the voltage of the energy storage capacitor CB is equal to the set voltage threshold.

[0038] Specifically, to improve the system's charging and discharging speed, this patent employs adaptive adjustment of the inductor L1 current comparison threshold to control the controllable switching transistor of the energy regulation module 3. Taking the energy regulation module 3 operating in the forward direction and the capacitor CA voltage higher than the energy storage capacitor CB as an example, the forward inductor L1 current is collected and fed to the controller 8, which then performs corresponding waveform control. Specifically, as shown... Figure 8 As shown, the current I in inductor L1 is... L1 Compare with the built-in current comparison threshold, when I L1 When the current is less than the comparison threshold, PWM is turned on, i.e., S5 is turned on. When I L1 When the current exceeds the current comparison threshold, the PWM is turned off, i.e., S5 is turned off. The current comparison threshold is adaptively adjusted by the output energy.

[0039] This patent features an adaptive inductor preset current I. L1 The adaptive principle of the current comparison threshold is as follows: When the external control module sends a charging signal to the controller 8, the energy required by the energy storage capacitor CB is: (7) Where U1 is the output voltage before the energy storage capacitor CB is adjusted, and U2 is the voltage after the energy storage capacitor CB is adjusted.

[0040] Therefore, the energy provided by inductor L1 is ECB Then we can get: (8) As can be seen from Equation 45 above, when the inductor L1 and the energy storage capacitor CB are fixed, in order to quickly provide the energy required by CB, the inductor charging current needs to be adjusted according to the change in the rising voltage, that is, the inductor current comparison threshold. Therefore, the current comparison threshold is proportional to the change in the rising voltage.

[0041] Specifically, this patent employs an adaptive adjustment of the output voltage of the energy supply module 1, i.e., VCA, to achieve rapid energy replenishment and recovery. When a positive and external control module supplies a charging signal to the controller 8, the energy required by the energy storage capacitor CB is as shown in Equation 4. To meet this energy requirement, the energy that capacitor CA needs to release is: (9) Where U1' is the output voltage of the storage capacitor before CA adjustment, and U2' is the voltage of the storage capacitor after CA adjustment. In order to meet the energy demand, the following must be satisfied: (10) Therefore, the set voltage U1' of the storage capacitor CA can be adaptively adjusted according to the pre-adjustment voltages U1 and U2 of the capacitor CA, the capacitor CB, and the energy storage capacitor CB, as well as Formula 7, so as to meet the rapid charging and discharging of the energy storage capacitor CB. This patent reduces the intervention of the discharge module and unnecessary energy consumption by adaptively adjusting the preset voltage energy of the storage capacitor CA, thereby achieving rapid energy replenishment and efficient recovery, significantly reducing the energy supply of the energy supply module 1, improving the system energy utilization rate, and thus reducing the system size and heat generation.

[0042] Based on the above principle analysis, in order to reduce the size and product cost of the energy supply module 1, the charging speed of the energy supply module 1 to the energy storage module 2 is much slower than the energy output speed of the energy regulation module 3 to the energy storage capacitor. This reduces the energy transmission power of the energy supply module 1 and the input energy, thus achieving a small size and high efficiency in this patented system.

[0043] In the third embodiment, the present invention provides a control device for applying the fast charging and discharging control method of the energy storage capacitor described in the first or second embodiment. The control device includes an energy supply module 1, an energy storage module 2, an energy regulation module 3, an energy discharge module 4, an energy storage capacitor CB, a first sampling circuit 6, a second sampling circuit 7, and a controller 8. The energy regulation module 3 is connected to the energy storage module 2 and the energy storage capacitor. The energy storage module 2 is also connected to the energy supply module 1 and the first sampling circuit 6. The energy storage capacitor is also connected to the energy discharge module 4 and the second sampling circuit 7. The output terminal of the first sampling circuit 6 is connected to the first input terminal of the controller 8. The output terminal of the second sampling circuit 7 is connected to the second input terminal of the controller 8. The first output terminal of the controller 8 is connected to the energy supply module 1. The second output terminal of the controller 8 is connected to the energy regulation module 3.

[0044] The energy regulation module 3 is a BUCK converter, a four-switch BUCK BOOST converter, a CLLC converter, a full-bridge converter, or an LLC resonant converter.

[0045] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the working principle of energy flow of the present invention is explained as follows: the external control module 9 provides the controller 8 with an energy output voltage rise adjustment signal: in the first stage, as... Figure 3 As shown, the energy supply module 1 supplies energy to the energy storage module 2 in advance, the first sampling circuit 6 samples the energy and adjusts it to a preset value through the controller 8; in the second stage, as... Figure 4 As shown, when controller 8 receives the energy output adjustment signal, it simultaneously supplies energy from energy supply module 1 and energy storage module 2 to energy storage capacitor CB through energy adjustment module 3. Second sampling circuit 7 samples the energy and adjusts it to a preset value via controller 8, completing energy adjustment. External control module 9 sends an energy output reduction adjustment signal to controller 8: First stage, as... Figure 5 As shown, when the controller 8 receives the energy output voltage drop adjustment signal, and when the energy in the energy storage module 2 is less than the preset value, the energy regulation module 3 quickly transfers the energy from the energy storage capacitor CB to the energy storage module 2. In the second stage, as... Figure 6 As shown, when the energy of the energy storage module 2 is greater than the preset value, the energy regulation module 3 quickly transmits the energy to the energy storage module 2, and the energy discharge module 4 also discharges the energy of the energy storage capacitor CB, thereby rapidly regulating the energy of the energy storage capacitor CB. The second sampling circuit 7 samples the energy and adjusts it to the preset value through the controller 8, thus completing the energy regulation. like Figure 7The diagram illustrates an embodiment of a fast charging and discharging control method and device for an energy storage capacitor according to the present invention. It includes an energy supply module 1 composed of a bridge circuit. The bridge circuit includes a first arm and a second arm connected to the input voltage Vin and GND, respectively. The midpoint of the first arm is connected to one end of a capacitor Cr. The other end of the capacitor Cr is connected to one end of an inductor Lr. The other end of the inductor Lr is connected to an inductor Lm and one end of the primary winding of a transformer T. The other end of the inductor Lm and the primary winding of the transformer T is connected to the midpoint of the second arm. The first end of the secondary side of the transformer T is connected to the anode of a diode DA. The second end of the secondary side of the transformer T is connected to the secondary side SGND. The third end of the secondary side of the transformer T is connected to the anode of a diode DB. The cathodes of diodes DA and DB are connected to one end of the third arm of an energy storage module 2CA and an energy regulation module 3. The other end of the CA of the energy storage module 2 is connected to SGND. The other end of the third arm of the energy regulation module 3 is connected to SGND. One end of the fourth arm of the energy regulation module 3 is connected to an energy storage module 5 and an energy discharge module 6. One end of the energy supply module 4 is connected to the fourth bridge arm of the energy regulation module 3, and the other end is connected to SGND. The midpoints of the third and fourth bridge arms of the energy regulation module 3 are respectively connected to the two ends of the inductor L1. The other end of the energy discharge module 4 is connected to SGND. One end of the energy storage capacitor CB is connected to the output Vo, and the other end of the energy storage capacitor is connected to SGND. The first sampling circuit 6 divides the voltage of the output voltage of the energy storage module 2 through resistors R1 and R2 and sends it to the controller 8. The second sampling circuit 7 divides the voltage of the output voltage of the energy regulation module 3 through resistors R3 and R4 and sends it to the controller 8. The controller 8 controls the energy supply module 1, the energy storage module 2, the energy regulation module 3, and the energy discharge module 4 according to the voltage sampled by the first sampling circuit 6 and the second sampling circuit 7. The working logic of the energy supply module 1, the energy regulation module 3, and the energy discharge module 4 is that the external control module 9 sends working instructions to the controller 8, and the controller 8 issues relevant instructions to realize the rapid adjustment of energy.

[0046] The controller 8 samples the output voltage of the energy storage module 2 through the first sampling circuit 6 via resistors R1 and R2. This sampled voltage is used to control the switching states of the first and second bridge arms of the energy supply module 1, achieving a stable energy supply source. The resonant cavity current I of the energy supply module 1... Lr The energy is sent to the controller 8 to control the energy supply module 1 to provide the set energy; the controller 8 samples the output voltage of the energy regulation module 3 through the second sampling circuit 7 via resistors R3 and R4 to control the switching state of the third and fourth bridge arms of the energy regulation module 3, so as to achieve stable energy regulation and ensure the rapid energy replenishment and discharge regulation of the energy storage capacitor. The current of the inductor L1 of the energy regulation module 3 is sent to the controller 8 to regulate the forward and reverse transmission operation of the energy regulation module 3, so as to achieve controllable and rapid energy regulation.

[0047] The charging and discharging module is connected to the energy storage module 2 and the energy storage capacitor. The energy regulation module 3 can quickly provide the energy of the energy storage module 2 to the energy storage capacitor to quickly charge the energy storage capacitor, and at the same time, it can also quickly provide the energy of the energy storage capacitor to the energy storage module 2 to quickly discharge the energy storage capacitor.

[0048] The first sampling circuit 6 is used to acquire the voltage information of the energy storage module 2, and the second sampling circuit 7 is used to acquire the voltage information of the energy storage capacitor and output it to the controller 8. The controller 8 generates a PWM control signal to control the energy supply module 1, control the energy regulation module 3, control the energy discharge module 4 to work and complete the voltage setting and adjustment of the energy storage capacitor.

[0049] The external control module sends instructions to the controller 8 to adjust the working mode of the energy regulation module 3 and coordinate with the working state of the energy discharge module 4 to quickly replenish or discharge energy from the energy storage capacitor.

[0050] The energy regulation module 3 can provide hundreds to thousands of amperes of energy to the energy storage capacitor, which can provide sufficient energy for the instantaneous testing of high-power semiconductor test devices and ensure that the voltage of the energy storage capacitor is stable or fluctuates only slightly during the test. The sum of the energy stored in the energy storage module and the energy provided by the energy supply module 1 is not less than the instantaneous energy demand of the energy storage capacitor; When the energy regulation module 3 rapidly replenishes the energy storage capacitor, it simultaneously supplies energy from the energy supply module 1 and the energy storage module 2 to the energy storage capacitor, so that the voltage of the energy storage capacitor reaches a preset value.

[0051] When the energy regulation module 3 rapidly discharges energy from the energy storage capacitor, it quickly provides the energy from the energy storage capacitor to the energy storage module 2, so that the voltage of the energy storage capacitor reaches a preset value.

[0052] When the energy regulation module 3 rapidly discharges energy from the energy storage capacitor, and the energy in the energy storage module 2 reaches a preset energy value, the energy regulation module 3 quickly provides the energy from the energy storage capacitor to both the energy storage module 2 and the energy discharge module 4, so that the voltage of the energy storage capacitor reaches the preset value. Note: The DC-DC circuit and the discharge resistor operate simultaneously.

[0053] The energy regulation module 3 in this embodiment includes a DC-DC bidirectional power converter with a non-isolated circuit topology: a BUCK converter that operates in BUCK mode in the forward direction and BOOST mode in the reverse direction, a four-transistor BUCK BOOST converter, etc.; and an isolated circuit topology: CLLC, a full-bridge converter, an LLC resonant converter, etc.

[0054] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be considered as limitations on the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims. For those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] Furthermore, all the terms "electrical connection" and "connection" mentioned in this patent application do not refer solely to the direct connection of components, but rather to the ability to form a better connection structure by adding or removing connecting accessories according to the specific implementation. The use of "electrical connection" in this invention is only to emphasize this meaning, but it does not preclude the use of "connection" and other terms from having the same meaning.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the rapid charging and discharging of an energy storage capacitor, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: In response to a charging signal, the energy storage module is pre-charged to an adaptively set storage voltage value; The energy storage module charges the energy storage capacitor through the energy regulation module and controls the charging current to be a sawtooth wave with gradually increasing peak value, thereby accelerating the charging speed.

2. The method for controlling the rapid charging and discharging of an energy storage capacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aforementioned pre-charging of the energy storage module to an adaptive set voltage value specifically includes: The set storage voltage value is determined based on the pre-charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor, the charging threshold voltage of the energy storage capacitor, the capacitance value of the energy storage capacitor, the capacitance value of the storage capacitor in the energy storage module, and the adjusted voltage of the storage capacitor.

3. The method for controlling the rapid charging and discharging of an energy storage capacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific calculation method for the set storage voltage value is as follows: ； in, U is the voltage of the energy storage capacitor CB before it is recharged. CB t is the voltage after the energy storage capacitor CB is replenished, i L1 CB represents the inductor current, and CB represents the capacitance of the energy storage capacitor CB.

4. The method for controlling the rapid charging and discharging of an energy storage capacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage module charges the energy storage capacitor through the energy regulation module and controls the charging current to exhibit a sawtooth wave with gradually increasing peak values, thereby accelerating the charging speed. Specifically, this includes: The charging current threshold is dynamically adjusted based on the voltage of the energy storage capacitor and the voltage of the storage capacitor in the energy storage module. If the charging current is determined to be less than the charging current threshold, the duty cycle of the switching transistor in the energy regulation module is controlled so that the charging current increases to the charging current threshold in each cycle.

5. The method for controlling the rapid charging and discharging of an energy storage capacitor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the charging current threshold is: ； Among them, U CB U is the voltage of the energy storage capacitor CB. CA For the voltage CA stored in the energy storage module, I L1 Where is the charging current threshold, D is the duty cycle of the switching transistor, f is the operating frequency, and L1 is the inductance.

6. A method for controlling the rapid charging and discharging of an energy storage capacitor, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: In response to the discharge signal, the energy storage capacitor is discharged to the energy storage module through the energy regulation module, and the discharge current is controlled to be a sawtooth wave with gradually increasing peak value, so as to accelerate the discharge speed.

7. The method for controlling the rapid charging and discharging of an energy storage capacitor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The discharge of the energy storage capacitor to the energy storage module through the energy regulation module specifically includes: If the voltage of the energy storage capacitor is determined to be greater than the reverse energy regulation threshold, the energy storage capacitor will be reverse-stored into the energy storage module through the energy regulation module until the voltage of the energy storage module reaches the maximum set voltage threshold. When the voltage of the energy storage module reaches the maximum set voltage threshold, and the voltage of the energy storage capacitor is still greater than the set storage threshold, the energy storage capacitor discharges through the energy discharge module until the energy stored in the energy storage capacitor reaches the set storage threshold.

8. The method for controlling the rapid charging and discharging of an energy storage capacitor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The control discharge current exhibits a sawtooth wave with gradually increasing peak value, thereby accelerating the discharge speed. Specifically, this includes... The discharge current threshold is dynamically adjusted based on the voltage of the energy storage capacitor and the voltage of the storage capacitor in the energy storage module. If the discharge current is determined to be less than the discharge current threshold, the duty cycle of the switching transistor in the energy regulation module is controlled so that the discharge current increases to the discharge current threshold in each cycle.

9. The method for controlling the rapid charging and discharging of an energy storage capacitor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the discharge current threshold is: ； Among them, U CB U is the voltage of the energy storage capacitor CB. CA For the voltage CA stored in the energy storage module, I L1 Where is the discharge current threshold, D is the duty cycle of the switching transistor, f is the operating frequency, and L1 is the inductance.

10. A control device for applying the fast charging and discharging control method for an energy storage capacitor according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The control device includes an energy supply module, an energy storage module, an energy regulation module, an energy discharge module, an energy storage capacitor, a first sampling circuit, a second sampling circuit, and a controller; The energy regulation module is connected to the energy storage module and the energy storage capacitor. The energy storage module is also connected to the energy supply module and the first sampling circuit. The energy storage capacitor is also connected to the energy discharge module and the second sampling circuit. The output terminal of the first sampling circuit is connected to the first input terminal of the controller. The output terminal of the second sampling circuit is connected to the second input terminal of the controller. The first output terminal of the controller is connected to the energy supply module. The second output terminal of the controller is connected to the energy regulation module.

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