Battery management system and battery management method

Abstract

A battery management system and a battery management method are provided. The battery management system according to the present invention includes a sensing unit for generating state data of each of a plurality of cell groups included in a battery assembly, a discharging unit for individually opening / closing a plurality of discharge paths provided to the plurality of cell groups, and a control unit for executing a diagnosis program for identifying whether each of the plurality of cell groups has a high-temperature abnormality or a low-temperature abnormality based on the state data. The control unit determines at least one cell group among the plurality of cell groups as a discharge target according to a result of the diagnosis program, and controls the discharging unit such that at least one discharge path provided to the discharge target is electrically connected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to techniques for individual temperature management of multiple cell groups included in a battery assembly.

[0002] This application is based on and claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0097678 filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on July 24, 2024, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2025-0089967 filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on July 4, 2025, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Background Technology

[0003] Recently, the demand for portable electronic products such as laptops, cameras, and mobile phones has increased rapidly, and with the widespread development of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, and satellites, there is a great deal of research being conducted on high-performance batteries that can be repeatedly charged and discharged.

[0004] Currently, batteries on the market include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, and lithium batteries. Among these batteries, lithium batteries have little or no memory effect, and therefore receive more attention than nickel-based batteries due to their advantages such as easy charging at any time, extremely low self-discharge rate, and high energy density.

[0005] Battery assemblies used in battery systems that require large capacity and high voltage (e.g., electric vehicles or energy storage systems) consist of several to hundreds of cells connected in series or in parallel, or both.

[0006] Arranging battery cells as densely as possible within the limited space of a battery system is advantageous for achieving high energy density. However, when some cells in a battery cell pack experience high-temperature anomalies such as overheating or thermal runaway, these anomalies can rapidly spread to adjacent cell packs, a phenomenon known as "heat propagation." To mitigate or stop heat propagation, overheat protection components are typically placed between adjacent cell packs. Because these components are highly fire-resistant, they are effective in mitigating or stopping heat propagation when only a few cell packs experience high-temperature anomalies. However, when a large number of cell packs experience high-temperature anomalies simultaneously, or when the anomalies in a few cell packs are very severe, the overheat protection components may be insufficient to protect the battery assembly from the hazards of heat propagation.

[0007] Furthermore, when the temperature of the battery cells is below their optimal temperature, the charge and discharge performance of the battery cells forming the battery pack decreases significantly, and the internal components of the battery cells may be severely damaged when forced to charge and discharge under very low temperature conditions. Typically, before charge and discharge cycles, the battery cells under low-temperature conditions are heated to their normal temperature range using a heating circuit equipped in the battery management system, thereby mitigating the damage caused by abnormal low temperatures. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Technical issues

[0009] This disclosure aims to provide a battery management system and a battery management method for reducing the hazards caused by high or low temperatures in a battery assembly by forcibly discharging the energy of at least one cell group.

[0010] These and other objects and advantages of this disclosure will be understood from the following description and will become apparent from the implementation of this disclosure. Furthermore, it will be readily understood that the objects and advantages of this disclosure can be achieved by the means set forth in the appended claims and combinations thereof.

[0011] Technical solution

[0012] A battery management system according to one aspect of this disclosure includes: a sensing unit configured to generate state data for each of a plurality of cell groups included in a battery assembly; a discharge unit configured to individually open and close a plurality of discharge paths provided to the plurality of cell groups; and a control unit configured to execute a diagnostic procedure in which the state data is used to identify whether each of the plurality of cell groups has a high-temperature anomaly or a low-temperature anomaly. The control unit is configured to: identify at least one cell group among the plurality of cell groups as a discharge target based on the result of the diagnostic procedure, and control the discharge unit such that at least one discharge path provided to the discharge target is activated.

[0013] The control unit can be configured to determine a discharge target using a selection map pre-stored to prevent heat propagation of the battery assembly when a predetermined number or more of the multiple cell groups are identified as having a high-temperature anomaly.

[0014] The control unit can be configured to determine a discharge target using a pre-stored selection map to prevent performance degradation of the battery assembly when a predetermined number or more of the multiple cell groups are identified as having low-temperature anomalies.

[0015] When two discharge paths are provided to the discharge target, the control unit can be configured to determine at least one of the two discharge paths to be activated based on the status data of each cell group identified as having a low-temperature anomaly.

[0016] The control unit can be configured to determine the discharge intensity for the discharge target based on the state data of each cell group identified as having a low-temperature anomaly.

[0017] The discharge unit may include multiple first discharge circuits connected in parallel to multiple cell groups. Each of the first discharge circuits may include a first switch and a first discharge load connected in series with each other.

[0018] The discharge unit may also include multiple second discharge circuits connected in parallel to multiple battery cell groups. Each of the second discharge circuits may include a second switch and a second discharge load connected in series with each other.

[0019] The second discharge load can be configured to be positioned closer to the cell assembly than the first discharge load.

[0020] The control unit can be configured to: when a cell group identified as having a high temperature abnormality is set as a discharge target, turn on at least the first switch among the first and second switches connected to the discharge target.

[0021] The control unit can be configured to: when a cell group identified as having a low-temperature anomaly is set as a discharge target, turn on at least the second switch among the first and second switches connected to the discharge target.

[0022] According to another aspect of this disclosure, the battery system includes a battery management system.

[0023] A battery management method according to another aspect of this disclosure includes the following steps: performing a diagnostic procedure, in which each of the plurality of cell groups included in the battery assembly is identified as having a high temperature abnormality or a low temperature abnormality based on state data of each of the plurality of cell groups; determining at least one of the plurality of cell groups as a discharge target based on the result of the diagnostic procedure; and controlling a discharge unit such that at least one discharge path provided to the discharge target is activated.

[0024] When a predetermined number or more cell groups in a plurality of cell groups are identified as having high temperature anomalies, the step of determining the discharge target may include using a selection map pre-stored to prevent thermal propagation hazards of the battery assembly to determine the discharge target.

[0025] When a predetermined number or more cell groups in a plurality of cell groups are identified as having low-temperature anomalies, the step of determining the discharge target may include using a selection map pre-stored to prevent performance degradation of the battery assembly to determine the discharge target.

[0026] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a computer-readable medium has thereon recorded a program for causing a computer to perform a battery management method.

[0027] Beneficial effects

[0028] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, in the event of potential hazards caused by high or low temperatures in the battery assembly, the energy of at least one cell group can be consumed by forced discharge, thereby reducing at least one of the hazards caused by abnormal high or low temperatures.

[0029] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the spread of heat propagation hazards can be effectively prevented by forcibly discharging at least one normal battery cell group adjacent to the abnormal battery cell group with high temperature anomalies.

[0030] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, by forcibly discharging at least one normal cell group adjacent to the abnormal cell group with low temperature anomaly, the performance degradation can be rapidly mitigated and the increase in SOC deviation between adjacent cell groups can be prevented.

[0031] The effects of this disclosure are not limited to those described above, and those skilled in the art will clearly understand these and other effects from the description of the claims. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and are used, together with the following detailed description, to provide a better understanding of the technical aspects of the present disclosure; therefore, the present disclosure should not be construed as limited to the drawings.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a diagram schematically illustrating the architecture of a battery system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 2 In describing Figure 1 The diagram shown illustrates the connection relationships between the battery pack, sensing unit, and discharge unit.

[0035] Figure 3 In describing Figure 1 The diagram shown is another example of the connection relationship between the battery pack, sensing unit, and discharge unit.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a flowchart referred to in a brief description of a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 5 In a brief description Figure 4 The example of a set of routines included in step S440 is a flowchart that is referenced.

[0038] Figures 6 to 9This is a diagram referenced when describing the first selection mapping used to perform the first safety operation.

[0039] Figure 10 In a brief description Figure 4 The example of a set of routines included in step S442 is a flowchart that is referenced.

[0040] Figures 11 to 14 This is a diagram referenced when describing the second selection mapping used to perform the second safety operation. Detailed Implementation

[0041] In the following, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Before the description, it should be understood that the terms or words used in the specification and appended claims should not be construed as limited to their general or dictionary meanings, but should be interpreted according to their meanings and concepts corresponding to the technical aspects of the present disclosure, based on the principle that the inventor is allowed to appropriately define the terms for the best interpretation.

[0042] Therefore, the embodiments described herein and the illustrations shown in the accompanying drawings are exemplary embodiments of this disclosure to describe the technical aspects of this disclosure, and are not intended to be limiting. It should be understood that various other equivalents and modifications may be made thereto when this application is filed.

[0043] Ordinal terms such as “first” and “second” are used to distinguish one element from another among various elements, but are not intended to limit the elements.

[0044] Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the terms "comprising" and "including" as used herein specify the presence of a stated element, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements. Additionally, the term "unit" as used herein refers to a processing unit having at least one function or operation, and can be implemented individually or in combination by hardware and software.

[0045] Furthermore, as will be further understood throughout the specification, when it is stated that an element is “connected” to another element, the element may be directly connected to the other element, or there may be an intermediate element.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a diagram schematically illustrating the architecture of a battery system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 The battery system 1 includes a battery module 100 and a battery management system 200. The battery system 1 may also include a power conversion system 10.

[0048] Battery assembly 100 includes multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2. N(N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2), first power supply terminal P1 and second power supply terminal P2.

[0049] N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2. In this specification, multiple cell groups CG1 to CG... N In descriptions shared between them, the symbol "CG" or "CG k The suffix "k" is added after "cell group". k is a natural number equal to or less than N. Depending on the application of battery system 1, battery assembly 100 can be called "battery pack" or "battery rack", and cell group CG can be called "battery module".

[0050] Multiple cell packs CG1 to CG N The cells can be connected in series, in parallel, or both in series and in parallel between the first power terminal P1 and the second power terminal P2. The cell assembly CG includes at least one battery cell. When the cell assembly CG includes multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells can be connected in series, in parallel, or both in series and in parallel. In this specification, a battery cell refers to the basic unit of an electrical storage device capable of self-charging and discharging, and is not limited to a specific unit, and may include, for example, any rechargeable battery cell such as a lithium-ion cell.

[0051] The battery assembly 100 may also include an overheat protection member 101. The overheat protection member 101 may be configured to cover multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2. N At least a portion of each of the following. The overheat protection component 101 may be a physical component for preventing direct heat transfer between adjacent cell groups, thereby preventing the aggravation or propagation of thermal anomalies in any cell group that could lead to thermal anomalies in the other cell group.

[0052] The term "thermal anomaly" can refer to an anomaly caused by high temperature or low temperature, or both.

[0053] The battery management system 200 includes a sensing unit 210, a discharge unit 220, and a control unit 230.

[0054] The sensing unit 210 generates multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2 of the battery assembly 100. N The sensing unit 210 can periodically or non-periodically measure the status data of each of the multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2. N At least one state parameter for each of the measured state parameters, and state data indicating each of the measured state parameters can be collected by the control unit 230. The state parameters are not limited to a specific type and may include any type of state parameter that directly or indirectly indicates thermal anomalies in the cell assembly, such as temperature, voltage, and / or surge.

[0055] Discharge unit 220 consists of multiple cell groups CG1 to CG N Each of them provides one or more discharge paths. Discharge unit 220 is connected to multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2. N To individually turn on and off supply to multiple cell groups CG1 to CG N Multiple discharge paths. In response to a control signal from the control unit 230, the discharge unit 220 discharges multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2 through multiple discharge paths. N Each of the components performs energy-consuming operations. The discharge unit 220 can be used to prevent at least one of the following: thermal propagation hazards or performance degradation hazards of the battery assembly 100.

[0056] The control unit 230 may be implemented in hardware using at least one of the following: application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), digital signal processor (DSP), digital signal processing device (DSPD), programmable logic device (PLD), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), microprocessor, or electrical unit for performing other functions.

[0057] The control unit 230 is operatively coupled to each of the sensing unit 210 and the discharging unit 220. In this case, operatively coupled means a connection that enables signal transmission and reception in one or both directions.

[0058] The control unit 230 may have a memory device. The memory device may include at least one type of storage medium selected from the following: flash memory, hard disk, solid-state drive (SSD), silicon disk drive (SDD), multimedia card micro, random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or programmable read-only memory (PROM). The memory device may store data and programs required for the operation of the control unit 230. The memory device may also store data indicating the operational results of the control unit 230.

[0059] The power conversion system 10 is electrically connected between the battery assembly 100 and an electrical system (not shown) and / or between the battery assembly 100 and a system load (not shown). The power conversion system 10 can handle bidirectional power exchange between the battery assembly 100 and the electrical system using a DC-AC inverter and / or a DC-DC converter integrated within it. Specifically, when in battery charging mode, the power conversion system 10 can convert AC power supplied from the electrical system into DC power and supply this converted DC power to the battery assembly 100. When in battery discharging mode, the power conversion system 10 can convert the DC power fed through the discharging of the battery assembly 100 into AC power and supply this converted AC power to the electrical system and / or the system load.

[0060] Figure 2 In describing Figure 1 The diagram showing the connection relationships between the battery pack, sensing unit, and discharge unit is for reference only. For ease of description, Figure 2 The battery assembly 100 includes multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2. N Only one cell group in CG k .

[0061] The sensing unit 210 includes multiple battery cell groups CG1 to CG2 respectively. N Multiple battery monitoring circuits M1 to M N ,and Figure 2 The CG battery pack shown is provided with k Exemplary battery monitoring circuit M k .

[0062] Battery monitoring circuit M k It may include at least one of a temperature sensor T, a voltage sensor V, or an impact sensor S.

[0063] Temperature sensor T can be attached to battery cell assembly CG k The outer surface or installed far from the cell assembly CG k At the predetermined location, and measure the CG of the battery cell assembly. k The temperature. Voltage sensor V is transmitted through the cell assembly CG. k The first terminal (+) and the second terminal (-) are connected in parallel to the cell assembly CG. k To measure the CG of the battery cell assembly k The voltage. The impact sensor S is attached to the battery cell assembly CG. k The outer surface or installed far from the cell assembly CG k At the predetermined location, and measure the applied CG of the battery cell assembly. k Impact amount. Battery monitoring circuit M kThe control unit 230 can provide an indication of the battery cell group CG. k Sensing data of at least one of the following: temperature, voltage, or impact quantity.

[0064] Control unit 230 can control multiple cell packs CG1 to CG based on status data. N Each of these processes executes a diagnostic procedure. The diagnostic procedure may be a procedure used to identify at least one of high-temperature anomalies or low-temperature anomalies.

[0065] High temperature anomalies can be a type of anomaly that directly or indirectly indicates a thermal propagation hazard in the battery assembly 100. When the battery cell assembly CG... k When the temperature exceeds a first threshold temperature that is preset to be equal to or higher than the upper limit of a predetermined normal temperature range, the cell assembly CG... k This can be identified as exhibiting a high-temperature anomaly. When multiple cell groups CG1 to CG... N When a predetermined first number (e.g., one, two, or more) or more cell groups are identified as having a high-temperature anomaly, it can be determined that the battery assembly 100 has a heat propagation hazard. When it is determined that the battery assembly 100 has a heat propagation hazard, the control unit 230 is configured to perform a safety operation on the battery assembly 100. The safety operation may be to control the discharge unit 220 to consume multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2 by forced discharge (referred to as "energy consumption"). N The operation of at least one of the energy sources.

[0066] Low temperature anomalies can be a type of anomaly that directly or indirectly indicates the need for temperature increases. It is well known that when battery cells are placed in a low-temperature environment, their charge and discharge performance deteriorates sharply. When the cell assembly CG... k When the temperature is lower than a second threshold temperature that is preset to be equal to or lower than the lower limit of a predetermined normal temperature range, the cell assembly CG... k This can be identified as having a low-temperature anomaly. When multiple cell groups CG1 to CG... N When a predetermined second number (e.g., one or more) or more cell groups are identified as having low-temperature anomalies, it can be determined that there is a performance degradation hazard in the battery assembly 100.

[0067] Discharge unit 220 includes multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2 respectively. N Multiple first discharge circuits DA1 to DA N ,and Figure 2 The CG battery pack shown is provided with k Exemplary first discharge circuit DA k .

[0068] First discharge circuit DA k It may include a first switch SA connected in series.k and the first resistor RA k First switch SA k and the first resistor RA k One end of each of them is connected to the other, the first switch SA k The other end is connected to the cell assembly CG k The first terminal (e.g., the positive terminal), and the first resistor RA k The other end is connected to the cell assembly CG k The second terminal (e.g., the negative terminal).

[0069] When the first switch SA k When turned off, the first discharge circuit DA... k Provided to the cell assembly CG k The discharge path is in an open state. Conversely, when the first switch SA... k When connected, the first discharge circuit DA... k Provided to the cell assembly CG k The discharge path is in a closed state, therefore the storage in the cell assembly CG k The energy in the first resistor RA can be used to power the first resistor RA. k Consumption.

[0070] Figure 3 In describing Figure 1 The diagram shown is another example of the connection relationship between the battery pack, sensing unit, and discharge unit.

[0071] The discharge unit 220 may also include multiple cell groups CG1 to CG1 connected in parallel. N Multiple second discharge circuits DB1 to DB N ,and Figure 3 The diagram shows the first discharge circuit DA. k (and Figure 2 (Same as above) together provided to the cell pack CG k Exemplary second discharge circuit DB k .

[0072] Second discharge circuit DB k It may include a second switch SB connected in series. k Second resistor RB k .

[0073] Second switch SB k Second resistor RB k One end of each of them is connected to the other, and the second switch SB k The other end is connected to the cell assembly CG k The first terminal, and the second resistor RB kThe other end is connected to the cell assembly CG k The second terminal.

[0074] When the second switch SB k When turned off, the second discharge circuit DB is activated. k Provided to the cell assembly CG k The discharge path is in an open state (i.e., not conductive). Conversely, when the second switch SB... k When connected, the second discharge circuit DB is activated. k Provided to the cell assembly CG k The discharge path is in a closed state (i.e., conductive), therefore the energy stored in the cell assembly CG... k The energy in the resistor RB can be used to generate energy. k Consumption.

[0075] The discharge load of each discharge circuit may include, for example, a resistor element.

[0076] and Figure 2 The discharge unit 220 shown is the opposite. Figure 3 The two discharge circuits DA of the discharge unit 220 shown k DB k To the cell pack CG k Two discharge paths are provided. The control unit 230 can determine, based on the status data of each cell group identified as having a low-temperature anomaly, at least one of the two discharge paths provided to the discharge target to be activated.

[0077] First discharge load RA k Second discharge load RB k It can be stacked in layers. The first discharge load RA k Second discharge load RB k They can be spaced apart from each other, or the insulator can be located at the first discharge load RA. k With the second discharge load RB k between.

[0078] Second discharge load RB k It can be positioned as a higher discharge load than RA. k Closer to the cell assembly CG k Therefore, when the first discharge load RA... k The heat generated per unit time and the second discharge load RB k When the heat generated per unit time is equal, the second discharge load RB k CG of battery cells k The effect of temperature rise may be greater than that of the first discharge load RA k Larger.

[0079] Second discharge load RBk Positioned as the first discharge load RA k Closer to the cell assembly CG k In the case of CG of the battery cell pack k When configured as a discharge target related to the first safe operation for preventing heat propagation hazards, the control unit 230 may preferentially activate two discharge circuits DA. k DB k The discharge circuit DA k Instead of the discharge circuit DB k That is to say, in the two switches SA k SB k Among them, at least the SA switch k The call can be connected.

[0080] Second discharge load RB k Positioned as the first discharge load RA k Closer to the cell assembly CG k In the case of CG of the battery cell pack k When configured as a discharge target related to a second safety operation to prevent performance degradation, the control unit 230 may preferentially activate two discharge circuits DA. k DB k The discharge circuit DB k Instead of the discharge circuit DA k That is to say, in the two switches SA k SB k Among them, at least the SB switch k The call can be connected.

[0081] Figure 2 and Figure 3 The switch SA shown k SB k It can be connected to control unit 230 via a signal line. Switch SA k SB k It may include any known switching device, such as a mechanical contact or a field-effect transistor (FET) or a combination thereof.

[0082] When the battery pack CG k When set as a discharge target, the control unit 230 can communicate with the battery cell assembly CG via a signal line. k Two switches SA k SB k At least one of them sends an on signal (e.g., a voltage pulse of a predetermined level or higher). Two switches SA k SB k Each of them can switch from the off state to the on state in response to an on signal sent by the control unit 230.

[0083] Two discharge loads RA k RB k They can have preset resistance values ​​that are equal or different from each other. When two discharge loads RA k RB k When both are turned on, with the two discharge loads RA k RB k Compared to the case where either of the two discharge loads RA is turned on individually, this will generate more heat. According to the characteristics of the circuit, when both discharge loads RA are turned on... k RB k When connected in parallel, the two discharge loads RA k RB k The combined resistance value is reduced, thus allowing a larger current to flow under the same voltage, and the heat is proportional to the square of the current flowing in the resistor.

[0084] Therefore, the control unit 230 can be used in the cell assembly CG k In cases where the degree of low-temperature anomaly is low, the two switches SA will be used. k SB k Any one of them is turned on, and in the cell group CG k In cases of high-degree low-temperature anomalies, the two switches SA will be... k SB k All connections were made.

[0085] Two discharge loads RA k RB k At least one of them can be connected to the multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2 via the overheat protection component 101. N Physically separated.

[0086] Figure 4 This is a flowchart referred to in a brief description of a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4 The method can be performed periodically or non-periodically in a repetitive manner.

[0087] Reference Figure 4 In step S410, the control unit 230 collects data from the sensing unit 210 on multiple battery cell groups CG1 to CG2. N The state data of each one in it.

[0088] In step S420, the control unit 230 executes a diagnostic procedure to identify multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2 based on the collected status data. N Whether each of the cells has a high-temperature anomaly or a low-temperature anomaly. In step S420, either a procedure for identifying high-temperature anomalies or a procedure for identifying low-temperature anomalies can be executed. When multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2 are tested...N When each of the steps executes both the sequence for identifying high-temperature anomalies and the procedure for identifying low-temperature anomalies, the procedure for identifying high-temperature anomalies may precede the procedure for identifying low-temperature anomalies.

[0089] In step S420, the operation of recording the identification information of each cell group identified as having a high-temperature anomaly in a first anomaly list and / or recording the identification information of each cell group identified as not having a high-temperature anomaly in a first normal list can be performed. In step S420, the operation of recording the identification information of each cell group identified as having a low-temperature anomaly in a second anomaly list and / or recording the identification information of each cell group identified as not having a low-temperature anomaly in a second normal list can be performed. Due to multiple cell groups CG1 to CG... N Each of them is fixedly located in a unique area within the battery assembly 100, so the identification information of each cell group corresponds to the physical location of each cell group.

[0090] In step S430, the control unit 230 determines whether a heat propagation hazard exists in the battery assembly 100 based on the results of the diagnosis performed in step S420. When the value of step S430 is "yes", according to Figure 4 The method can be moved to step S440. When the value of step S430 is "No", according to Figure 4 The method can be moved to step S432.

[0091] In step S432, the control unit 230 determines whether there is a performance degradation hazard in the battery assembly 100 based on the results of the diagnosis performed in step S420. When the value of step S432 is "yes", according to Figure 4 The method can be moved to step S442. When the value of step S432 is "No", according to Figure 4 The method can be completed.

[0092] In step S440, the control unit 230 performs a first safety operation. The following will refer to... Figures 8 to 12 To describe the first safety operation in detail.

[0093] In step S442, the control unit 230 performs a second safety operation. The following will refer to... Figures 8 to 12 To describe the second safety operation in detail.

[0094] Although according to Figure 4 The flowchart illustrates that step S430 is executed earlier than step S432, but it should be understood that this is provided by way of illustration. That is, step S432 may be executed earlier than step S430, or steps S430 and S432 may be executed simultaneously.

[0095] When only the process for identifying multiple cell groups CG1 to CG is performed in step S420 N When the high temperature anomaly occurs in each of the programs, it can be detected from... Figure 4 Steps S432 and S442 are omitted in the method. Similarly, in step S420, only the process for identifying multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2 is performed. N When performing a low-temperature anomaly procedure for each of the items, it can be found from... Figure 4 Steps S430 and S440 are omitted in the method.

[0096] In this specification, "high temperature abnormal cell group" refers to a cell group identified as having high temperature abnormality, "low temperature abnormal cell group" refers to a cell group identified as having low temperature abnormality, and "normal cell group" refers to a cell group that has neither high temperature abnormality nor low temperature abnormality identified.

[0097] The control unit 230 can calculate the first abnormality index for each high-temperature abnormal cell group and further determine the first abnormality index for at least one normal cell group. In this embodiment, the cell group CG k The first anomaly index can be determined to be equal to the cell pack CG. k The measured temperature, temperature change coefficient, measured voltage, voltage change coefficient, measured impact amount or impact change coefficient, or parameters that have a predetermined positive correspondence with these parameters. In another embodiment, this can be achieved by measuring the cell assembly CG. k The measured temperature, temperature variation coefficient, measured voltage, voltage variation coefficient, measured impact quantity, or impact quantity variation coefficient are used to calculate the cell pack CG using a predetermined mathematical operation (e.g., weighted summation). k The first anomaly index. For example, at least one function can be used as a mathematical operation, whose output is a value that has a positive correspondence with the measured value of each state parameter or the coefficient of state change, as the first anomaly index.

[0098] The control unit 230 can calculate a second abnormality index for each low-temperature abnormal cell group and further determine a second abnormality index for at least one normal cell group. As the temperature of the low-temperature abnormal cell group decreases, its second abnormality index may increase. In this embodiment, the cell group CG... k The second anomaly index can be determined to be equal to the cell pack CG. k The measured temperature, or a predetermined negative correlation with the measured temperature. In another embodiment, the cell assembly CG k The second anomaly index can be determined to be equal to the cell pack CG. k The difference between the measured temperature and the reference temperature (e.g., the lower limit of a predetermined normal temperature range), or a predetermined negative correspondence with that difference.

[0099] To identify high-temperature anomalies, the control unit 230 can be based on multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2. N The state data of each cell is used to calculate the values ​​of multiple cell packs CG1 to CG2. N The state change coefficient for at least one state parameter in each of the following. As an example, when the state parameter is "temperature", at least one of "temperature rise" or "temperature rise rate" over a predetermined time period can be calculated as the state change coefficient (i.e., temperature change coefficient). As another example, when the state parameter is "voltage", at least one of "voltage drop" or "voltage drop rate" over a predetermined time period can be calculated as the state change coefficient (i.e., voltage change coefficient).

[0100] Control unit 230 can control multiple battery cell packs CG1 to CG N At least one state change coefficient of each of them is compared with a reference range (different from the reference range compared with the state parameters).

[0101] The procedure for identifying high-temperature anomalies can be executed based on comparisons with one or two or more reference ranges. As an example, each cell group whose rate of temperature rise falls outside the reference range (associated with the rate of temperature rise) can be identified as having a high-temperature anomaly, and each of the remaining cell groups can be identified as not having a high-temperature anomaly. As another example, each cell group whose values ​​for three state parameters (e.g., measured temperature, rate of temperature rise, and rate of voltage drop) fall outside the three reference ranges associated with the three state parameters can be identified as having a high-temperature anomaly, and each of the remaining cell groups can be classified as a normal cell group.

[0102] Figure 5 In a brief description Figure 4 The example of a set of routines included in step S440 is a flowchart that is referenced.

[0103] Reference Figure 5 In step S510, the control unit 230 is based on multiple cell groups CG1 to CG N The first abnormal index of at least one cell group in the plurality of cell groups CG1 to CG N At least one cell group is set as the discharge target. The procedure for setting the discharge target in step S510 can be executed based on a first abnormality index of each high-temperature abnormal cell group, and can also be executed based on a first abnormality index of at least one normal cell group.

[0104] In this implementation, each of the high-temperature abnormal cell groups can be designated as a discharge target, and at least one normal cell group can be designated as an additional discharge target. This is because the high-temperature abnormal cell groups may have a thermal effect on the surrounding area, increasing the likelihood of fire in normal cell groups adjacent to the high-temperature abnormal cell groups.

[0105] In another embodiment, each high-temperature abnormal cell group that has discharge effectiveness can be set as a discharge target, and at least one normal cell group can be set as an additional discharge target. Cell group CG k The discharge effectiveness can refer to the cell pack CG when forced discharge is performed immediately. k The first abnormality index can be reduced to below a predetermined level. For example, in the cell pack CG k Fires or battery cell pack CG have already occurred in the middle. k In situations with a very high probability of fire, even if the battery cell pack CG is immediately... k Performing forced discharge cannot prevent fire, or more precisely, forced discharge may exacerbate abnormal high temperatures, therefore the cell pack CG k It may not be effective in discharging.

[0106] Each cell group with a first anomaly index equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold can be identified as a high-temperature abnormal cell group. A high-temperature abnormal cell group with a first anomaly index equal to or greater than a predetermined permissible value (greater than the threshold) can be identified as lacking discharge effectiveness. Control unit 230 can exclude each high-temperature abnormal cell group lacking discharge effectiveness from the discharge targets.

[0107] Control unit 230 can control multiple battery cell packs CG1 to CG N At least one normal cell group adjacent to each high-temperature abnormal cell group with a first abnormality index greater than a threshold is designated as a discharge target. Specifically, the control unit 230 can identify the thermally effective area of ​​each high-temperature abnormal cell group based on the first abnormality index of each high-temperature abnormal cell group. Multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2 can be preset. N The effective thermal region of each of them.

[0108] For example, in the following description Figure 6In the configuration, when the first anomaly index of the cell group corresponding to coordinate (4, 2) is 4, the grids marked with dashed boundaries at coordinates (3, 3) and (4, 2) can correspond to the sub-regions included in the thermally active region. The memory device can pre-record a lookup table representing the correspondence between the first anomaly index and the thermally active region for each cell group. The control unit 230 can set each normal cell group located within the thermally active region of each high-temperature anomaly cell group as a discharge target. Regarding high-temperature anomalies, the memory device can pre-record information indicating the thermally active region for each cell group. When any cell group is located within the thermally active region of another cell group, this may indicate that the two cell groups are adjacent to each other.

[0109] In step S520, the control unit 230 determines the energy consumption rate of each cell group set as the discharge target. The control unit 230 can determine the energy consumption rate of each cell group set as the discharge target based on a first anomaly index (or a corrected first anomaly index thereof). In an embodiment, the control unit 230 can determine the duty cycle of the on-state signal of at least one switch (e.g., SA2) connected to each cell group (e.g., CG2) set as the discharge target by applying a predetermined positive correspondence to the first anomaly index (or a corrected first anomaly index thereof). As the duty cycle of the on-state signal output to at least one switch (e.g., SA2) increases, the on-state period of the switch (e.g., SA2) per unit time increases, and the energy consumption rate of the cell group (e.g., CG2) can increase. The energy consumption rate of the discharge target can be preset, and in this case, it can be determined from... Figure 5 S520 is omitted in the method.

[0110] In step S530, the control unit 230 outputs an on signal to at least one switch connected to each cell group set as the discharge target. Each cell group set as the discharge target can be individually forced to discharge in step S530 to prevent or at least significantly slow down heat propagation in the battery assembly 100, thereby limiting the hazards caused by heat propagation.

[0111] Control unit 230 can execute by calling the first selection mapping stored in the memory device. Figure 5 Step S510 (Procedure for setting the discharge target). The first selection mapping can be pre-stored to prevent heat propagation of the battery assembly 100.

[0112] The first selection mapping can be a data table set, a function set, or a combination thereof, pre-designed to handle multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2. N When the first abnormal index of at least one cell group is input, return multiple cell groups CG1 to CG NThe identification information of each cell group that is set as the discharge target is included.

[0113] As an example, the first selection map may include multiple prepared data tables to indicate multiple sets of discharge targets (each set of discharge targets refers to a list of one or more discharge targets) depending on a first anomaly index for each cell group. When any data table corresponding to the input data is output from the first selection map, the control unit 230 may set each cell group indicated in the output data table as a discharge target.

[0114] As another example, the first selection mapping may include a one-to-one relationship with multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2. N Several related functions. Equation 1 below is a function that can be included in the first selection mapping with respect to the k-th cell group CG. k Examples of related functions.

[0115] <Formula 1>

[0116] In Equation 1 above, when k is a natural number equal to or less than N, FA k CG represents the k-th cell group k The first abnormal index, FA k_corrected CG represents the k-th cell group k The corrected first anomaly index, and ΔFA k This indicates the reflection of the k-th cell group CG. k Except for the k-th cell group CG k The thermal proximity correction index between each cell group other than the k-th cell group CG. That is, in Equation 1 above, when the input is the thermal proximity correction index between each cell group other than the k-th cell group CG. k When the first abnormal index of (N-1) cell groups other than the specified number of cells is reached, the function f1() can be preset to output ΔFA. k Those skilled in the art will readily understand that, except for the k-th cell group CG k The first anomaly index of each of the (N-1) cell groups outside of this can be correlated with ΔFA. k It has a pre-determined positive correspondence.

[0117] When FA k_corrected When the threshold is equal to or greater than the threshold, the first selection mapping can output an indication of the k-th cell group CG. k The result value set as the discharge target (e.g., identification information of the k-th cell group). Conversely, when FA k_corrected When the value is less than the threshold or equal to or greater than the allowable value, the first selection mapping can output a result value indicating that the k-th cell group CGk is excluded from the discharge target.

[0118] Figures 6 to 9This is a diagram referenced when describing the first selection mapping used to perform the first safety operation.

[0119] In description Figures 6 to 9 To aid understanding, the input / output data is visualized and displayed in the form of a 6×5 matrix data table, and it is assumed that the 30 grids of the data table correspond to multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2 in the battery assembly 100. N (Assuming N=30) Physical locations correspond. Furthermore, within each grid, the values ​​(coordinates) in the first row indicate the physical location of the cell group corresponding to the corresponding grid, and the values ​​in the second row indicate the first anomaly index of the cell group corresponding to the corresponding grid. Additionally, coordinates (i, j) can correspond to the ((i-1)×n+j)th cell group. For example, in the case of n=5, coordinates (1, 1) can correspond to the first cell group CG1, and coordinates (3, 2) can correspond to the 12th cell group CG... 12 Correspondingly, coordinates (2, 5) can be associated with the CG of the 10th cell group. 10 Correspondingly. Furthermore, assume a threshold of 2 and an acceptable value of 6.

[0120] First, refer to Figure 6 In the data table on the left representing input data 601, only the grid corresponding to coordinates (4, 3) is shaded. The shaded grid indicates the cell group CG corresponding to the grid. 18 The presence of a high-temperature anomaly indicates that, unlike the other grids, the first anomaly index of the corresponding grid is 4, which is greater than the threshold of 2.

[0121] Referring to the data table on the right representing output data 602, the shading of the grid corresponding to coordinate (4, 3) is common to both input data 601 and output data 602. However, the grid corresponding to coordinate (4, 3) and the two grids corresponding to coordinates (3, 2) and (3, 3) are marked with dashed boundaries. The grids marked with dashed boundaries represent the cell groups set as discharge targets. The two coordinates (3, 2) and (3, 3) can indicate two cell groups CG. 13 CG 17 In other words, although the two battery cell packs CG 13 CG 17 Currently, it is in a normal state with no abnormal high temperature, but these two cell packs CG 13 CG 17 This can be identified as due to adjacent cell groups CG 18 It is highly likely that there is an abnormal high temperature.

[0122] When output data 602 is output from the first selection mapping, the control unit 230 can output the three cell groups CG corresponding to the coordinates (4, 3), (4, 2), and (3, 3). 13 CG17 CG 18 Set as the discharge target.

[0123] Subsequently, referring to Figure 7 In the data table on the left representing input data 701, only the grid corresponding to coordinate (3, 4) is shaded, indicating that the first anomaly index of coordinate (3, 4) is 4.

[0124] Referring to the data table on the right representing output data 702, the shading of the grid corresponding to coordinate (3, 4) is common to both input data 701 and output data 702. However, the grid corresponding to coordinate (3, 4) and the three grids corresponding to the three coordinates (2, 4), (3, 3), and (3, 5) are marked with dashed boundaries. That is, although the three cell groups CG9, CG... 13 CG 15 They are currently in a normal state, but they can be identified as being due to the cell group CG at coordinates (3, 4). 14 It is highly likely that there is an abnormal high temperature.

[0125] When Figure 6 and Figure 7 During the comparison, both input data 601 and 701 indicate that only one cell group with a first anomaly index of 4 has a high temperature anomaly, but output data 602 indicates that two normal cell groups CG have an anomaly. 13 CG 17 Set as the discharge target, while output data 702 indicates three normal cell groups CG9, CG 13 CG 15 It is set as the discharge target. This can reflect pre-test or simulation results, showing that even if the number of high-temperature abnormal cell groups is equal to the first abnormality index, the impact on the surrounding area will vary depending on the physical location of each high-temperature abnormal cell group.

[0126] When outputting data 702 from the first selection mapping output, the control unit 230 can detect a high-temperature abnormal cell group CG. 14 and three normal cell packs CG9, CG 13 CG 15 Set as the discharge target.

[0127] Reference Figure 8 In the data table on the left representing input data 801, the two grids corresponding to coordinates (4, 3) and (3, 4) are shaded. The shading of coordinate (4, 3) is common to both input data 601 and input data 801, and the shading of coordinate (3, 4) is common to both input data 701 and input data 801.

[0128] Referring to the data table on the right representing output data 802, the shading of the two grids is common to both input data 801 and output data 802, and the two grids corresponding to coordinates (4,3) and (3,4) and the four grids corresponding to coordinates (2,4), (3,3), (3,5), and (4,2) are marked with dashed boundaries. Here, the dashed boundaries of coordinates (3,3) and (4,2) are common to both output data 602 and output data 802, and the dashed boundaries of coordinates (2,4), (3,3), and (3,5) are common to both output data 702 and output data 802.

[0129] It should be noted that the grid at coordinate (4, 4) is not marked with a dashed boundary in output data 602 and output data 702, but it is marked with a dashed boundary in output data 802. This may reflect pre-test or simulation results indicating that normal cell groups located in the overlapping area of ​​the thermally effective regions of two or more high-temperature abnormal cell groups have a very high fire hazard. That is, coordinate (4, 4) can be located in the overlapping area of ​​the thermally effective regions associated with coordinates (4, 3) and (3, 4).

[0130] When outputting data 802 from the first selection mapping output, the control unit 230 can control the two high-temperature abnormal cell groups CG. 14 CG 18 and five normal cell packs CG9, CG 13 CG 15 CG 17 CG 19 Set as the discharge target.

[0131] Reference Figure 9 In the data table on the left representing input data 901, the two grids corresponding to coordinates (4, 3) and (3, 4) are shaded. The shading of coordinates (4, 3) and (3, 4) is common to both input data 801 and input data 901. However, unlike input data 801, the first anomaly index of coordinate (4, 3) of input data 901 is 7 (greater than the permissible value of 6).

[0132] See the data table on the right that represents output data 902. The shading of the two grids at coordinates (4,3) and (3,4) and the dashed boundaries of the five grids at coordinates (2,4), (3,3), (3,5), (4,2) and (4,4) are common to both output data 802 and output data 902.

[0133] In output data 902, unlike output data 802, the four grids at coordinates (2,3), (5,2), (5,3), and (5,4) are additionally marked with dashed boundaries. Specifically, the grid at coordinate (2,3) is separated from the grid at coordinate (4,3) by the grid at coordinate (3,3), and the grid at coordinate (2,3) is also marked with dashed boundaries. This may reflect pre-test or simulation results, indicating that as the first anomaly index of the high-temperature abnormal cell group increases, the fire hazard of other cell groups located in the surrounding area far from the high-temperature abnormal cell group also increases.

[0134] It should be noted that, with Figure 6 and Figure 8 In contrast to output data 602 and 802, the grid for coordinate (4, 3) of output data 902 is not marked with a dashed boundary. This indicates that despite the high-temperature anomaly, the cell group CG corresponding to coordinate (4, 3) is... 18 They were also excluded from the discharge targets. This may be due to the cell pack CG. 18 It does not have discharge effectiveness.

[0135] When outputting data 902 from the first selection mapping output, the control unit 230 can output data from ten battery cell groups CG8, CG9, and CG10. 13 CG 14 CG 15 CG 17 CG 19 CG 22 CG 23 CG 24 Set as the discharge target.

[0136] The above has already referred to Figures 5 to 9 The first safety procedures related to abnormal high temperatures are described in detail. In the following text, reference will be made to... Figures 10 to 14 Describe in detail the second safety procedure related to abnormal low temperatures.

[0137] Figure 10 In a brief description Figure 4 The example of a set of routines included in step S442 is a flowchart that is referenced.

[0138] Reference Figure 10 In step S1010, the control unit 230 is based on multiple cell groups CG1 to CG N The second abnormal index of at least one cell group in the plurality of cell groups CG1 to CG N At least one cell group is set as the discharge target. The procedure for setting the discharge target in step S1010 can be executed based on the second abnormality index of each low-temperature abnormal cell group, and can also be based on the second abnormality index of at least one normal cell group.

[0139] In the implementation, each of all low-temperature abnormal cell groups can be set as a discharge target, and at least one normal cell group can be set as an additional discharge target.

[0140] In another embodiment, each low-temperature abnormal cell group that has discharge effectiveness can be set as a discharge target, and at least one normal cell group can be set as an additional discharge target.

[0141] Control unit 230 can control multiple battery cell packs CG1 to CG N At least one normal cell group adjacent to each low-temperature abnormal cell group with a second abnormality index greater than a threshold is set as the discharge target. The remaining capacity (or state of charge (SOC)) of each normal cell group set as the discharge target can be greater than the remaining capacity (or SOC) of each adjacent low-temperature abnormal cell group.

[0142] In step S1020, the control unit 230 determines the energy consumption rate of each cell group set as a discharge target. The energy consumption rate of each discharge target can be determined based on at least one of a second anomaly index of the discharge target, remaining capacity, or SOC. In an embodiment, the control unit 230 can determine the duty cycle of the turn-on signal of at least one switch (e.g., SB1) connected to the cell group (e.g., CG1) by applying a predetermined positive correlation to the second anomaly index (or a corrected second anomaly index) of the cell group (e.g., CG1) set as a discharge target. As the duty cycle of the turn-on signal output to the switch (e.g., SB1) increases, the heat generated by the discharge load (e.g., RB1) turned on by the switch (e.g., SB1) increases, and the temperature of the cell group (e.g., CG1) can rise rapidly. The energy consumption rate of the discharge target can be preset, and in this case, it can be determined from... Figure 10 Step S1020 is omitted in the method.

[0143] In step S1030, the control unit 230 outputs an on signal to at least one switch connected to each cell group set as a discharge target. When the temperature of each discharge target is raised through step S1030, the low temperature abnormality of each discharge target can be eliminated and quickly restored to the normal temperature range.

[0144] Control unit 230 can execute by calling a second selection mapping stored in the memory device. Figure 10 Step S1010 (the procedure for setting the discharge target). The second selection mapping can be pre-stored to prevent performance degradation of the battery assembly 100.

[0145] The second selection mapping can be a data table set, a function set, or a combination thereof, pre-designed to handle multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2. N The state dataset of at least one cell group in the dataset (see Figures 11 to 14 When reference numerals 1101, 1201, 1301, and 1401 in the attached diagram are input, multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2 are returned. N The resulting dataset for each cell group set as the discharge target (see [link]). Figures 11 to 14 (Refer to reference numerals 1102, 1202, 1302, 1402 in the accompanying drawings). The status dataset may include at least one of a second anomaly index, remaining capacity, or SOC. The result dataset may include at least one of identification information or switch control information for each cell group set as a discharge target. The switch control information may indicate at least one of the number of switches to be turned on or the duty cycle. The switch control information may indicate the discharge intensity to be applied to the discharge target (e.g., the duty cycle of each switch).

[0146] As an example, the second selection map may include multiple prepared data tables to indicate multiple sets of discharge targets (each set of discharge targets refers to a list of one or more discharge targets) depending on a second anomaly index for each cell group. When any data table corresponding to the input data is output from the second selection map, the control unit 230 may set each cell group indicated in the output data table as a discharge target.

[0147] As another example, the second selection mapping may include a one-to-one relationship with multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2. N Several related functions. Equation 2 below is a function that can be included in the second selection mapping with respect to the k-th cell group CG. k Examples of related functions.

[0148] <Formula 2>

[0149] In Equation 2 above, when k is a natural number of N or smaller, FB k CG represents the k-th cell group k The second abnormal index, FB k_corrected CG represents the k-th cell group k The corrected second anomaly index, and ΔFB k This indicates the reflection of the k-th cell group CG. k The thermal proximity correction index between the battery cell group and each other except for the k-th cell group. That is, in Equation 2 above, when the input is CG of the cell group other than the k-th cell group... k When the second abnormal index of (N-1) cell groups other than the above is reached, the function f2() can be preset to output ΔFB. kThose skilled in the art will readily understand that, except for the k-th cell group CG k The second anomaly index of each of the (N-1) cell groups outside of this can be correlated with ΔFB. k It has a pre-determined positive correspondence.

[0150] When FB k_corrected When the threshold is equal to or greater than the threshold, the second selection mapping can output an indication of the k-th cell group CG. k The result value set as the discharge target (e.g., identification information of the k-th cell group). Conversely, when FB k_corrected When the value is less than the threshold, the second selection mapping can output an indication of the k-th cell group CG. k The result value that was excluded from the discharge target.

[0151] The discharge intensity of each discharge target determined by the second selection mapping can be determined based on the state data of the discharge target or at least one of the abnormal cell groups adjacent to the discharge target. As an example, the temperature of the discharge target can have a predetermined negative correlation with the discharge intensity of the discharge target. As another example, the SOC (or remaining capacity) of the discharge target can have a predetermined positive correlation with the discharge intensity of the discharge target.

[0152] Figures 11 to 14 This is a diagram referenced when describing the second selection mapping used to perform the second safety operation.

[0153] In description Figures 11 to 14 To aid understanding, the input / output data is visualized and displayed in the form of a 6×5 matrix data table, and it is assumed that the 30 grids of the data table correspond to multiple cell groups CG1 to CG2 in the battery assembly 100. N (Assuming N=30) Physical locations correspond. Furthermore, within each grid, the values ​​(coordinates) in the first row indicate the physical location of the cell group corresponding to that grid, the values ​​in the second row indicate the second anomaly index of the cell group corresponding to that grid, and the values ​​in the third row indicate the state of charge (SOC) of the cell group corresponding to that grid. The values ​​in the third row may indicate remaining capacity instead of SOC.

[0154] Furthermore, the coordinates (i, j) can correspond to the ((i-1)×n+j)th cell group. For example, when n=5, the coordinates (1, 1) can correspond to the first cell group CG1, and the coordinates (3, 2) can correspond to the 12th cell group CG. 12 Correspondingly, and coordinates (2, 5) can be correlated with the CG of the 10th cell group. 10 correspond.

[0155] First, refer to Figure 11In the left-hand data table representing the input data 1101 as the state dataset, only the grid corresponding to coordinates (4, 2) is shaded. The shaded grid indicates that the cell group corresponding to the grid has a low-temperature anomaly.

[0156] Referring to the data table on the right representing output data 1102 as the result dataset, the shading of the grid corresponding to coordinate (4, 2) is common to both input data 1101 and output data 1102, and it is also marked with a thick boundary. The grid marked with a thick boundary indicates that it has been set as a discharge target. Furthermore, the grid corresponding to coordinate (4, 2) in the fourth row additionally has "A:30%", indicating switch control information. In the fourth row, "A" can indicate the identifier of the switch to be turned on, and "30%" can indicate the duty cycle of the on signal.

[0157] When output data 1102 is output from the second selection mapping, the control unit 230 can execute a cell group CG corresponding to the coordinates (4, 2) set as the discharge target in the output data 1102. 17 A forced discharge operation is performed as a second safety measure. For example, the control unit 230 can discharge the battery into the cell assembly CG. 17 switch SA 17 It outputs a 30% duty cycle turn-on signal, but may not output a turn-on signal to all remaining switches of the discharge unit 220.

[0158] Subsequently, referring to Figure 12 The shading of the grid corresponding to coordinate (4, 2) is for Figure 11 The input data 1101 and input data 1201 are the same, but unlike input data 1101, the second anomaly index increases from 4 to 6. That is to say, Figure 12 The situation may be due to the cell pack CG 17 Temperature and Figure 11 Compared to situations where the temperature is lower, the necessity to raise the temperature is higher.

[0159] Use thick line boundaries to label the grid corresponding to coordinates (4, 2). Figure 11 Output data 1102 and Figure 12 The output data 1202 shown is common. However, with Figure 11 Conversely, the switch control information at coordinate (4, 2) changes from "A:30%" to "A, B:40%". "A, B:40%" is the switch control information that triggers a faster temperature rise than "A:30%". That is, in "A, B:40%", "A" and "B" can indicate the identifier of the switch to be turned on, and "40%" can indicate the duty cycle of the on signal.

[0160] When output data 1202 is output from the second selection mapping, the control unit 230 can execute the discharge target of the cell group CG in the output data 1202. 17 Discharging is performed as a second safety operation. For example, the control unit 230 can discharge the battery into the cell assembly CG. 17 Two switches SA 17 SB 17 It outputs a 40% duty cycle turn-on signal, but may not output a turn-on signal to all remaining switches of the discharge unit 220.

[0161] Subsequently, referring to Figure 13 Input data 1201 and Figure 11 The difference between input data 1101 and input data 1201 is that the two grids corresponding to coordinates (4,2) and (4,3) are shaded. In addition, the information corresponding to coordinates (4,2) is common to both input data 1101 and input data 1201, but the information corresponding to coordinates (4,3) shows a higher second anomaly index and a higher SOC than input data 1101.

[0162] When Figure 13 The output data 1302 shown is Figure 11 When comparing the output data 1102, the two grids marked with thick lines indicate the two cell groups CG corresponding to the two coordinates (4,2) and (4,3). 17 CG 18 It was set as the discharge target.

[0163] Furthermore, the state dataset at coordinates (4, 2) of input data 1301 is the same as the state dataset at coordinates (3, 2) of input data 1201, but the switch control information at coordinates (4, 2) of output data 1302 is different from the switch control information at coordinates (4, 2) of output data 1102. Specifically, in output data 1302, the switch control information of the grid corresponding to coordinates (4, 2) changes from "A:30%" to "A:20%", and "B:40%" is added as switch control information to the grid corresponding to coordinates (4, 3).

[0164] When output data 1302 is output from the second selection mapping, the control unit 230 can execute the discharge target for the two cell groups CG in the output data 1302. 17 CG 18 Discharging is performed as a second safety operation. For example, control unit 230 can simultaneously discharge the battery into the cell assembly CG. 17 switch SA 17 Output a 20% duty cycle ON signal to the cell assembly CG. 18SB switch 18 It outputs a 40% duty cycle turn-on signal, but may not output a turn-on signal to all remaining switches of the discharge unit 220.

[0165] Two battery cell packs CG 17 CG 18 They have the same second anomaly index, but take into account the following facts: (i) cell pack CG 18 The SOC is higher than the CG of the battery pack. 17 (ii) the SOC of the two cell packs, and (ii) the CG of the two cell packs. 17 CG 18 They are adjacent to each other, therefore for the cell pack CG 18 Apply a higher discharge intensity. When applying a higher discharge intensity to the cell assembly CG 18 Applying a higher discharge intensity can suppress the CG of the two cell groups. 17 CG 18 The increase in SOC deviation between cells can be mitigated by providing CG to the cell assembly. 18 The discharge load RB 18 The heat generated is used to improve the CG of the battery pack. 18 The temperature, and the cell pack CG 17 The temperature can also be indirectly increased.

[0166] Subsequently, referring to Figure 14 The shading of the grid corresponding to coordinate (4, 2) is for Figure 11 Input data 1101 and input data 1401 are common, and the state dataset at coordinates (4,2) is also the same. However, they differ in that the SOC of input data 1401 at coordinates (3,2) and (4,1) is higher than that of input data 1101 at coordinates (3,2) and (4,1). In input data 1401, the two grids corresponding to coordinates (3,2) and (4,1) are not shaded, representing the two cell groups CG. 12 CG 16 No abnormal low temperature was observed.

[0167] See Figure 14 The output data 1402 shown is related to the cell assembly CG with low temperature anomalies. 17 The corresponding grid at coordinates (4, 2) does not have a thick boundary line; instead, it is marked with a thick boundary line to distinguish it from the two normal cell groups CG. 12 CG 16 The corresponding two grids are coordinates (3, 2) and (4, 1). In other words, the cell assembly CG with low-temperature anomalies. 17 Two cell groups CG were excluded from the discharge target and did not exhibit any low-temperature anomalies. 12 CG 16It was set as the discharge target.

[0168] When located in a cell group with low temperature anomalies (e.g., CG) 17 At least one normal cell group (e.g., CG) in the thermally effective region 12 CG 16 The SOC (or remaining capacity) of the cells is higher than that of cells with low-temperature anomalies (e.g., CG). 17 When the SOC (or remaining capacity) of a battery cell is reached, the control unit 230 can release at least one normal cell group (e.g., CG). 12 CG 16 ) is set as the discharge target, rather than cell groups with low-temperature anomalies (e.g., CG). 17 Set as the discharge target.

[0169] When the low-temperature abnormality in all multiple low-temperature abnormal cell groups can be eliminated by forcibly discharging the remaining cell groups except for at least one of the multiple adjacent low-temperature abnormal cell groups, the control unit 230 can exclude at least one cell group from the multiple low-temperature abnormal cell groups from the discharge target.

[0170] Regarding low-temperature anomalies, information indicating the thermally active region of each cell group can be pre-recorded in a memory device. When one cell group is located within the thermally active region of another cell group, this indicates that the two cell groups are adjacent to each other.

[0171] For reference, such as Figure 3 As shown, when the discharge unit 220 includes a supply to the cell assembly CG k Two switches SA k SB k and two discharge loads RA k RB k At that time, the discharge load RB k It can be positioned as a discharge load RA k Closer to the cell assembly CG k Therefore, when the duty cycle is constant, the load RB will be discharged. k Turn on to quickly increase the CG of the battery pack k The temperature may be favorable.

[0172] Output data 1402 indicates the cell pack CG 12 The switch control information is "B:40%", and the cell pack CG 16 The switch control information is "A:30%". Therefore, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the cell assembly CG... 12 The discharge intensity is higher than that of the cell pack CG 16 The discharge intensity.

[0173] When output data 1402 is output from the second selection mapping output, the control unit 230 can execute the discharge target for the two cell groups CG. 12 CG 16 Discharging is performed as a second safety operation. For example, control unit 230 can simultaneously discharge the battery into the cell assembly CG. 12 SB switch 12 Output a 40% duty cycle ON signal to the cell assembly CG. 16 switch SA 16 It outputs a 30% duty cycle turn-on signal, but may not output a turn-on signal to all remaining switches of the discharge unit 220.

[0174] CG battery pack 17 Even those with low-temperature anomalies were excluded from the discharge target, while the two cell groups CG 12 CG 16 Even without a low-temperature anomaly, setting it as a discharge target could be due to consideration of at least one of the following factors: (i) the two cell packs CG 12 CG 16 The SOC is higher than the CG of the battery pack. 17 (ii) two cell packs CG 12 CG 16 With cell pack CG 17 Adjacent. Furthermore, considering the cell pack CG 12 The second abnormal index is higher than the cell pack CG 16 Smaller, and the cell pack CG 12 The SOC is higher than the CG of the battery pack. 16 The SOC can be used for two cell packs CG 12 CG 16 CG of battery cells 12 Apply a higher discharge intensity.

[0175] When performing the second safety operation based on output data 1402, the following advantages are available. First, CG in the three cell groups can be suppressed. 12 CG 16 CG 17 The increase in SOC deviation. Secondly, the cell pack CG. 17 The temperature can be controlled by two discharge loads RB 12 RA 16 The heat generated indirectly increases the energy level without consuming the battery pack CG. 17 Energy.

[0176] In summary, the second selection mapping can include multiple output data preset to correspond to multiple low-temperature anomaly scenarios, and these multiple low-temperature anomaly scenarios can be represented by multiple cell groups CG1 to CG1.N The state dataset is created by combining the data. Figures 11 to 1 Each of the input data 1101, 1201, 1301, and 1401 shown in 5 can be used as a search keyword to identify any of the multiple low-temperature anomaly scenarios.

[0177] Another embodiment of this disclosure may provide a computer-readable recording medium having a program thereon for causing a computer to execute the embodiments described above.

[0178] A program can be implemented using hardware components, software components, and / or a combination thereof. A program can be executed by any system capable of executing computer-readable instructions.

[0179] Software may include computer programs, code, instructions, or combinations thereof, and may be configured to operate on demand or to command the processing device independently or jointly.

[0180] Software can be implemented as a computer program comprising instructions stored on a computer-readable storage medium. Computer-readable storage media include, for example, magnetic recording media (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), floppy disk, hard disk) and optical media (e.g., CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD)). Computer-readable recording media can be distributed across network-connected computer systems to store and execute computer-readable code in a distributed manner. The recording medium can be read by a computer, stored in memory, and executed by a processor.

[0181] Computer-readable recording media may be provided in the form of non-transitory recording media. Here, "non-transitory storage medium" refers to a tangible device and does not include signals (e.g., electromagnetic waves), and the term includes semi-permanent data storage and temporary data storage on the recording medium. For example, a "non-transitory storage medium" may include a buffer in which data is temporarily stored.

[0182] Furthermore, the program can be provided as a computer program product. A computer program product can be a product traded between a seller and a buyer.

[0183] Computer program products may include software programs and computer-readable recording media storing the software programs. For example, a computer program product may include a product in the form of a software program (e.g., a downloadable application) distributed electronically through an electronic device manufacturer or electronic marketplace. For electronic distribution, at least a portion of the software program may be stored on a recording medium or temporarily created. In this case, the recording medium may be a server of an electronic device manufacturer, a server of an electronic marketplace, or a recording medium of an intermediate server temporarily storing the software program.

[0184] The embodiments of this disclosure described above can be implemented not only by devices and methods, but also by a program that performs functions corresponding to the exemplary configurations of this disclosure or a recording medium on which the program is recorded. Those skilled in the art can readily implement such implementations from the disclosure of the previously described embodiments.

[0185] Although this disclosure has been described above with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, it is not limited thereto, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and alterations may be made to the technical aspects of this disclosure and to the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0186] Furthermore, since those skilled in the art can make many substitutions, modifications and alterations to the present disclosure without departing from the technical aspects of the present disclosure, the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments and drawings, and some or all of the embodiments can be selectively combined to allow for various modifications.

Claims

1. A battery management system, the battery management system comprising: A sensing unit configured to generate state data for each of a plurality of cell groups included in a battery assembly; A discharge unit, configured to individually open and close multiple discharge paths provided to the plurality of battery cells; as well as A control unit configured to execute a diagnostic procedure, in which the status data is used to identify whether each of the plurality of cell groups has a high-temperature anomaly or a low-temperature anomaly. The control unit is configured to: Based on the results of the diagnostic procedure, at least one cell group among the plurality of cell groups is identified as the discharge target, and The discharge unit is controlled such that at least one discharge path provided to the discharge target is activated.

2. The battery management system according to claim 1, in, The control unit is configured to: When a predetermined number or more of the multiple cell groups are identified as having the high temperature anomaly, the discharge target is determined using a selection mapping pre-stored to prevent heat propagation of the battery assembly.

3. The battery management system according to claim 1, in, The control unit is configured to: When a predetermined number or more of the multiple cell groups are identified as having the low-temperature anomaly, the discharge target is determined using a selection mapping pre-stored to prevent performance degradation of the battery assembly.

4. The battery management system according to claim 1, in, The control unit is configured to: When two discharge paths are provided to the discharge target Based on the status data of each cell group identified as having the aforementioned low-temperature anomaly, at least one of the two discharge paths to be activated is determined.

5. The battery management system according to claim 1, in, The control unit is configured to: The discharge intensity for the discharge target is determined based on the state data of each cell group identified as having the low-temperature anomaly.

6. The battery management system according to claim 1, in, The discharge unit includes: Multiple first discharge circuits are respectively connected in parallel to the multiple cell groups, and Each of the first discharge circuits includes a first switch and a first discharge load connected in series with each other.

7. The battery management system according to claim 6, in, The discharge unit further includes: Multiple second discharge circuits are respectively connected in parallel to the multiple battery cell groups, and Each of the second discharge circuits includes a second switch and a second discharge load connected in series with each other.

8. The battery management system according to claim 7, in, The second discharge load is configured to be positioned closer to the cell assembly than the first discharge load.

9. The battery management system according to claim 8, in, The control unit is configured to: When the battery cell assembly identified as having the high temperature anomaly is set as the discharge target, at least the first switch among the first switch and the second switch connected to the discharge target is turned on.

10. The battery management system according to claim 8, in, The control unit is configured to: When the cell assembly identified as having the low-temperature anomaly is set as the discharge target, at least the second switch among the first and second switches connected to the discharge target is turned on.

11. A battery system comprising a battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. A battery management method, the battery management method comprising the following steps: A diagnostic procedure is performed, in which the status data of each of the multiple cell groups included in the battery assembly is used to identify whether each of the multiple cell groups has a high temperature abnormality or a low temperature abnormality. Based on the results of the diagnostic procedure, at least one of the plurality of cell groups is identified as the discharge target; as well as The discharge unit is controlled such that at least one discharge path provided to the discharge target is activated.

13. The battery management method according to claim 12, in, The steps for determining the discharge target include the following: When a predetermined number or more of the plurality of battery cell groups are identified as having the high temperature anomaly The discharge target is determined using a selection map that is pre-stored to prevent thermal propagation hazards of the battery assembly.

14. The battery management method according to claim 13, in, The steps for determining the discharge target include the following: When a predetermined number or more of the plurality of cell groups are identified as having the low-temperature anomaly The discharge target is determined using a selection map that is pre-stored to prevent performance degradation of the battery assembly.

15. A computer-readable medium having a program recorded thereon for causing a computer to perform the battery management method according to any one of claims 12 to 14.

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